[PATCH] fault injection: documentation and scripts
This patch set provides some fault-injection capabilities.
- kmalloc() failures
- alloc_pages() failures
- disk IO errors
We can see what really happens if those failures happen.
In order to enable these fault-injection capabilities:
1. Enable relevant config options (CONFIG_FAILSLAB, CONFIG_PAGE_ALLOC,
CONFIG_MAKE_REQUEST) and if you want to configure them via debugfs,
enable CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS.
2. Build and boot with this kernel
3. Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior by boot option or debugfs
- Boot option
failslab=
fail_page_alloc=
fail_make_request=
- Debugfs
/debug/failslab/*
/debug/fail_page_alloc/*
/debug/fail_make_request/*
Please refer to the Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt
for details.
4. See what really happens.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <dwm@meer.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh b/Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63177ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail
+exec $*
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh b/Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9abac34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Usage: failmodule <failname> <modulename> [stacktrace-depth]
+#
+# <failname>: "failslab", "fail_alloc_page", or "fail_make_request"
+#
+# <modulename>: module name that you want to inject faults.
+#
+# [stacktrace-depth]: the maximum number of stacktrace walking allowed
+#
+
+STACKTRACE_DEPTH=5
+if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
+ STACKTRACE_DEPTH=$3
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d /debug/$1 ]; then
+ echo "Fault-injection $1 does not exist" >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+if [ ! -d /sys/module/$2 ]; then
+ echo "Module $2 does not exist" >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# Disable any fault injection
+echo 0 > /debug/$1/stacktrace-depth
+
+echo `cat /sys/module/$2/sections/.text` > /debug/$1/address-start
+echo `cat /sys/module/$2/sections/.exit.text` > /debug/$1/address-end
+echo $STACKTRACE_DEPTH > /debug/$1/stacktrace-depth
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt b/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..260ce6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
+===========================================
+
+See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
+
+
+Available fault injection capabilities
+--------------------------------------
+
+o failslab
+
+ injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
+
+o fail_page_alloc
+
+ injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
+
+o fail_make_request
+
+ injects disk IO errors on permitted devices by
+ /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
+ /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
+
+Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+o debugfs entries
+
+fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
+configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
+
+- /debug/*/probability:
+
+ likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
+ Format: <percent>
+
+ Note that one-failure-per-handred is a very high error rate
+ for some testcases. Please set probably=100 and configure
+ /debug/*/interval for such testcases.
+
+- /debug/*/interval:
+
+ specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
+ should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
+
+ Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
+ probably want to set probability=100.
+
+- /debug/*/times:
+
+ specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
+ A value of -1 means "no limit".
+
+- /debug/*/space:
+
+ specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
+ on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
+ suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
+
+- /debug/*/verbose
+
+ Format: { 0 | 1 | 2 }
+ specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is injected.
+ We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to '1' will
+ print only to tell failure happened, '2' will print call trace too -
+ it is useful to debug the problems revealed by fault injection
+ capabilities.
+
+- /debug/*/task-filter:
+
+ Format: { 0 | 1 }
+ A value of '0' disables filtering by process (default).
+ Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
+ /proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
+
+- /debug/*/address-start:
+- /debug/*/address-end:
+
+ specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
+ stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
+ in the walked stacktrace lies within this range.
+ Default is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
+
+- /debug/*/stacktrace-depth:
+
+ specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
+ for a caller within [address-start,address-end).
+
+- /debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-highmem:
+- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
+
+ Format: { 0 | 1 }
+ default is 0, setting it to '1' won't inject failures into
+ highmem/user allocations.
+
+- /debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
+- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
+
+ Format: { 0 | 1 }
+ default is 0, setting it to '1' will inject failures
+ only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
+
+o Boot option
+
+In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
+use the boot option:
+
+ failslab=
+ fail_page_alloc=
+ fail_make_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
+
+How to add new fault injection capability
+-----------------------------------------
+
+o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
+
+o define the fault attributes
+
+ DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
+
+ Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
+ for details.
+
+o provide the way to configure fault attributes
+
+- boot option
+
+ If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
+ provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it.
+
+ setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
+
+- debugfs entries
+
+ failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
+ There is a helper function for it.
+
+ init_fault_attr_entries(entries, attr, name);
+ void cleanup_fault_attr_entries(entries);
+
+- module parameters
+
+ If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
+ single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
+ configure the fault attributes.
+
+o add a hook to insert failures
+
+ should_fail() returns 1 when failures should happen.
+
+ should_fail(attr,size);
+
+Application Examples
+--------------------
+
+o inject slab allocation failures into module init/cleanup code
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+FAILCMD=Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh
+BLACKLIST="root_plug evbug"
+
+FAILNAME=failslab
+echo Y > /debug/$FAILNAME/task-filter
+echo 10 > /debug/$FAILNAME/probability
+echo 100 > /debug/$FAILNAME/interval
+echo -1 > /debug/$FAILNAME/times
+echo 2 > /debug/$FAILNAME/verbose
+echo 1 > /debug/$FAILNAME/ignore-gfp-highmem
+echo 1 > /debug/$FAILNAME/ignore-gfp-wait
+
+blacklist()
+{
+ echo $BLACKLIST | grep $1 > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+oops()
+{
+ dmesg | grep BUG > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+find /lib/modules/`uname -r` -name '*.ko' -exec basename {} .ko \; |
+ while read i
+ do
+ oops && exit 1
+
+ if ! blacklist $i
+ then
+ echo inserting $i...
+ bash $FAILCMD modprobe $i
+ fi
+ done
+
+lsmod | awk '{ if ($3 == 0) { print $1 } }' |
+ while read i
+ do
+ oops && exit 1
+
+ if ! blacklist $i
+ then
+ echo removing $i...
+ bash $FAILCMD modprobe -r $i
+ fi
+ done
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+o inject slab allocation failures only for a specific module
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+FAILMOD=Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh
+
+echo injecting errors into the module $1...
+
+modprobe $1
+bash $FAILMOD failslab $1 10
+echo 25 > /debug/failslab/probability
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
index b79bcdf..d8323b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -548,6 +548,13 @@
eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
Format: <io>[,<irq>]
+ failslab=
+ fail_page_alloc=
+ fail_make_request=[KNL]
+ General fault injection mechanism.
+ Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
+ See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
+
fd_mcs= [HW,SCSI]
See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.