diff --git a/arch/alpha/mm/fault.c b/arch/alpha/mm/fault.c
index 622dabd..8871529 100644
--- a/arch/alpha/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/alpha/mm/fault.c
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
 	/* We ran out of memory, or some other thing happened to us that
 	   made us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.  */
  out_of_memory:
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm/mm/fault.c
index a5b33ff..5e658a8 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/fault.c
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 		return fault;
 	}
 
-	if (tsk->pid != 1)
+	if (!is_init(tsk))
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/arch/arm26/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm26/mm/fault.c
index a7c4cc9..a1f6d8a 100644
--- a/arch/arm26/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm26/mm/fault.c
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 	}
 
 	fault = -3; /* out of memory */
-	if (tsk->pid != 1)
+	if (!is_init(tsk))
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/arch/i386/lib/usercopy.c b/arch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
index efc7e7d..08502fc 100644
--- a/arch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
+++ b/arch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@
 			retval = get_user_pages(current, current->mm,
 					(unsigned long )to, 1, 1, 0, &pg, NULL);
 
-			if (retval == -ENOMEM && current->pid == 1) {
+			if (retval == -ENOMEM && is_init(current)) {
 				up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
 				blk_congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/50);
 				goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/i386/mm/fault.c b/arch/i386/mm/fault.c
index 50d8617..2581575 100644
--- a/arch/i386/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/i386/mm/fault.c
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (tsk->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(tsk)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/ia64/mm/fault.c b/arch/ia64/mm/fault.c
index d8b1b4a..59f3ab9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/mm/fault.c
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
 
   out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/m32r/mm/fault.c b/arch/m32r/mm/fault.c
index dc18a33..8d5f551 100644
--- a/arch/m32r/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/m32r/mm/fault.c
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (tsk->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(tsk)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/m68k/mm/fault.c b/arch/m68k/mm/fault.c
index 5e2d87c..911f2ce 100644
--- a/arch/m68k/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/m68k/mm/fault.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/mips/mm/fault.c b/arch/mips/mm/fault.c
index a4f8c45..8423d85 100644
--- a/arch/mips/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/mips/mm/fault.c
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (tsk->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(tsk)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/fault.c b/arch/powerpc/mm/fault.c
index 77953f4..e8fa506 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/fault.c
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/ras.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/ras.c
index 903115d..311ed19 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/ras.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/ras.c
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
 		   err->disposition == RTAS_DISP_NOT_RECOVERED &&
 		   err->target == RTAS_TARGET_MEMORY &&
 		   err->type == RTAS_TYPE_ECC_UNCORR &&
-		   !(current->pid == 0 || current->pid == 1)) {
+		   !(current->pid == 0 || is_init(current))) {
 		/* Kill off a user process with an ECC error */
 		printk(KERN_ERR "MCE: uncorrectable ecc error for pid %d\n",
 		       current->pid);
diff --git a/arch/ppc/kernel/traps.c b/arch/ppc/kernel/traps.c
index d7a4330..aafc8e8 100644
--- a/arch/ppc/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/ppc/kernel/traps.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
 	 * generate the same exception over and over again and we get
 	 * nowhere.  Better to kill it and let the kernel panic.
 	 */
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		__sighandler_t handler;
 
 		spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
diff --git a/arch/ppc/mm/fault.c b/arch/ppc/mm/fault.c
index bc776be..465f451 100644
--- a/arch/ppc/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/ppc/mm/fault.c
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/fault.c b/arch/s390/mm/fault.c
index f2b9a84..9c3c19f 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/s390/mm/fault.c
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
 */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (tsk->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(tsk)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/sh/mm/fault.c b/arch/sh/mm/fault.c
index 507f289..68663b8 100644
--- a/arch/sh/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/sh/mm/fault.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/sh64/mm/fault.c b/arch/sh64/mm/fault.c
index f08d0ea..8e2f6c2 100644
--- a/arch/sh64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/sh64/mm/fault.c
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
 			show_regs(regs);
 #endif
 		}
-		if (tsk->pid == 1) {
+		if (is_init(tsk)) {
 			panic("INIT had user mode bad_area\n");
 		}
 		tsk->thread.address = address;
@@ -319,14 +319,14 @@
  * us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
  */
 out_of_memory:
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		panic("INIT out of memory\n");
 		yield();
 		goto survive;
 	}
 	printk("fault:Out of memory\n");
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/trap.c b/arch/um/kernel/trap.c
index 61a23ff..c7b195c 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/trap.c
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/trap.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
  * us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
  */
 out_of_memory:
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
diff --git a/arch/x86_64/mm/fault.c b/arch/x86_64/mm/fault.c
index 9ba54cc..3751b47 100644
--- a/arch/x86_64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/x86_64/mm/fault.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
 
 int unhandled_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, int sig)
 {
-	if (tsk->pid == 1)
+	if (is_init(tsk))
 		return 1;
 	if (tsk->ptrace & PT_PTRACED)
 		return 0;
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
  */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) { 
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		goto again;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/xtensa/mm/fault.c b/arch/xtensa/mm/fault.c
index a945a33..dd0dbec 100644
--- a/arch/xtensa/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/xtensa/mm/fault.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
 	 */
 out_of_memory:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
-	if (current->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(current)) {
 		yield();
 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 		goto survive;
diff --git a/drivers/char/sysrq.c b/drivers/char/sysrq.c
index ee3ca8f..0ad6cb0 100644
--- a/drivers/char/sysrq.c
+++ b/drivers/char/sysrq.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 	struct task_struct *p;
 
 	for_each_process(p) {
-		if (p->mm && p->pid != 1)
+		if (p->mm && !is_init(p))
 			/* Not swapper, init nor kernel thread */
 			force_sig(sig, p);
 	}
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 3696f2f..ed2af86 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1033,6 +1033,16 @@
 	return p->pids[PIDTYPE_PID].pid != NULL;
 }
 
+/**
+ * is_init - check if a task structure is the first user space
+ *	     task the kernel created.
+ * @p: Task structure to be checked.
+ */
+static inline int is_init(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return tsk->pid == 1;
+}
+
 extern void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk);
 #define get_task_struct(tsk) do { atomic_inc(&(tsk)->usage); } while(0)
 
diff --git a/kernel/capability.c b/kernel/capability.c
index c7685ad..edb845a 100644
--- a/kernel/capability.c
+++ b/kernel/capability.c
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
      int found = 0;
 
      do_each_thread(g, target) {
-             if (target == current || target->pid == 1)
+             if (target == current || is_init(target))
                      continue;
              found = 1;
 	     if (security_capset_check(target, effective, inheritable,
diff --git a/kernel/cpuset.c b/kernel/cpuset.c
index 1b32c2c..584bb4e 100644
--- a/kernel/cpuset.c
+++ b/kernel/cpuset.c
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
  * A cpuset can only be deleted if both its 'count' of using tasks
  * is zero, and its list of 'children' cpusets is empty.  Since all
  * tasks in the system use _some_ cpuset, and since there is always at
- * least one task in the system (init, pid == 1), therefore, top_cpuset
+ * least one task in the system (init), therefore, top_cpuset
  * always has either children cpusets and/or using tasks.  So we don't
  * need a special hack to ensure that top_cpuset cannot be deleted.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 4b6fb05..9961192 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 	do_each_task_pid(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID, p) {
 		if (p == ignored_task
 				|| p->exit_state
-				|| p->real_parent->pid == 1)
+				|| is_init(p->real_parent))
 			continue;
 		if (process_group(p->real_parent) != pgrp
 			    && p->real_parent->signal->session == p->signal->session) {
diff --git a/kernel/kexec.c b/kernel/kexec.c
index 50087ec..37cad75 100644
--- a/kernel/kexec.c
+++ b/kernel/kexec.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 int kexec_should_crash(struct task_struct *p)
 {
-	if (in_interrupt() || !p->pid || p->pid == 1 || panic_on_oops)
+	if (in_interrupt() || !p->pid || is_init(p) || panic_on_oops)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/kernel/ptrace.c b/kernel/ptrace.c
index 8aad033..4d50e06 100644
--- a/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -440,6 +440,7 @@
 	child = find_task_by_pid(pid);
 	if (child)
 		get_task_struct(child);
+
 	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
 	if (!child)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ESRCH);
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c
index 8bfa7d1..9535a38 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@
 		return -EPERM;
 	}
 
-	op = (current->pid == 1) ? OP_SET : OP_AND;
+	op = is_init(current) ? OP_SET : OP_AND;
 	return do_proc_dointvec(table,write,filp,buffer,lenp,ppos,
 				do_proc_dointvec_bset_conv,&op);
 }
diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
index bada3d0..f3dd79c 100644
--- a/mm/oom_kill.c
+++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
  */
 static void __oom_kill_task(struct task_struct *p, const char *message)
 {
-	if (p->pid == 1) {
+	if (is_init(p)) {
 		WARN_ON(1);
 		printk(KERN_WARNING "tried to kill init!\n");
 		return;
diff --git a/security/commoncap.c b/security/commoncap.c
index f50fc29..5a5ef5c 100644
--- a/security/commoncap.c
+++ b/security/commoncap.c
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
 	/* For init, we want to retain the capabilities set
 	 * in the init_task struct. Thus we skip the usual
 	 * capability rules */
-	if (current->pid != 1) {
+	if (!is_init(current)) {
 		current->cap_permitted = new_permitted;
 		current->cap_effective =
 		    cap_intersect (new_permitted, bprm->cap_effective);