Defer reporting of certain verifier failures.

The verifier currently reports all failures immediately.  Certain failures,
such as the failure to resolve a method, or the determination that access
to a field is not allowed, are supposed to deferred until the first time
that executing code does something that could cause the resolution.

With this change, several kinds of verification failures are deferred.
This is done by making a writable copy of the bytecode and replacing the
failing instruction with an "always throw" opcode.

Gory details:
- Added throw-verification-error instruction.  Implemented in "portable"
  and ARM interpreters.  x86 uses portable form through stub.
- Added a function that creates a copy of a DexCode area and makes the
  bytecodes writable.
- Added code that replaces a single instruction with an "always throw".
- Replaced runtime check for abstract/interface in new-instance with a
  check at verification time.
- Added a test to exercise the deferred error mechanism.
- Minor cleanups (replaced tab, bad valgrind command, ...).
diff --git a/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/expected.txt b/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/expected.txt
index 81a8879..25ed38b 100644
--- a/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/expected.txt
+++ b/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/expected.txt
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@
 Throw.twoA
 Throw.twoN
 Throw.rethrow
-Caught: java.lang.VerifyError: UnresTest1
-Caught (retry): java.lang.VerifyError: UnresTest1
-Caught: java.lang.VerifyError: UnresTest2
+UnresTest1...
+UnresTest1...
+UnresTest2...
+UnresTest2 done
 InternedString.run
 Done!
diff --git a/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/src/UnresTest2.java b/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/src/UnresTest2.java
index 43a92ac..b458bfe 100644
--- a/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/src/UnresTest2.java
+++ b/tests/003-omnibus-opcodes/src/UnresTest2.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
         }
 
         checkCasts(stuff);
+        System.out.println("UnresTest2 done");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/expected.txt b/tests/075-verification-error/expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e8dbd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Got expected InstantationError
+Got expected NoSuchFieldError
+Got expected NoSuchFieldError
+Got expected NoSuchMethodError
+Got expected NoSuchMethodError
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (ifield)
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (sfield)
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (method)
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (smethod)
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (meth-class)
+Got expected IllegalAccessError (meth-meth)
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/info.txt b/tests/075-verification-error/info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be688ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/info.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Exercise deferred verification error reporting.
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src/Main.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a0dd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import other.Mutant;
+import other.InaccessibleClass;
+import other.InaccessibleMethod;
+
+/**
+ * Test some problematic situations that the verifier detects.
+ */
+public class Main {
+    public static final boolean VERBOSE = false;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        testClassNewInstance();
+        testMissingStuff();
+        testBadAccess();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to create a new instance of an abstract class.
+     */
+    static void testClassNewInstance() {
+        try {
+            MaybeAbstract ma = new MaybeAbstract();
+            System.err.println("ERROR: MaybeAbstract succeeded unexpectedly");
+        } catch (InstantiationError ie) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected InstantationError");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + ie);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            System.err.println("Got unexpected MaybeAbstract failure");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test stuff that disappears.
+     */
+    static void testMissingStuff() {
+        Mutant mutant = new Mutant();
+
+        try {
+            int x = mutant.disappearingField;
+        } catch (NoSuchFieldError nsfe) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected NoSuchFieldError");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + nsfe);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            int y = Mutant.disappearingStaticField;
+        } catch (NoSuchFieldError nsfe) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected NoSuchFieldError");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + nsfe);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mutant.disappearingMethod();
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodError nsme) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected NoSuchMethodError");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + nsme);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Mutant.disappearingStaticMethod();
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodError nsme) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected NoSuchMethodError");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + nsme);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test stuff that becomes inaccessible.
+     */
+    static void testBadAccess() {
+        Mutant mutant = new Mutant();
+
+        try {
+            int x = mutant.inaccessibleField;
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (ifield)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            int y = Mutant.inaccessibleStaticField;
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (sfield)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mutant.inaccessibleMethod();
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (method)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Mutant.inaccessibleStaticMethod();
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (smethod)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            /* accessible static method in an inaccessible class */
+            InaccessibleClass.test();
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (meth-class)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            /* inaccessible static method in an accessible class */
+            InaccessibleMethod.test();
+            System.err.println("ERROR: bad access succeeded\n");
+        } catch (IllegalAccessError iae) {
+            System.out.println("Got expected IllegalAccessError (meth-meth)");
+            if (VERBOSE) System.out.println("--- " + iae);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src/MaybeAbstract.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src/MaybeAbstract.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43c002b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src/MaybeAbstract.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public /*abstract*/ class MaybeAbstract {
+    public MaybeAbstract() {}
+    int foo() { return 0; }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleClass.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79ad335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+public class InaccessibleClass {
+    public static void test() {}
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleMethod.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleMethod.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a0b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/InaccessibleMethod.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+public class InaccessibleMethod {
+    public static void test() {}
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/Mutant.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/Mutant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c869c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src/other/Mutant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+/**
+ * Parts of this class will disappear or change form.
+ */
+public class Mutant {
+    public int disappearingField = 3;
+    public static int disappearingStaticField = 4;
+
+    public void disappearingMethod() {
+        System.out.println("bye");
+    }
+    public static void disappearingStaticMethod() {
+        System.out.println("kthxbai");
+    }
+
+    public int inaccessibleField = 5;
+    public static int inaccessibleStaticField = 6;
+
+    public void inaccessibleMethod() {
+        System.out.println("no");
+    }
+
+    public static void inaccessibleStaticMethod() {
+        System.out.println("nay");
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src2/MaybeAbstract.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/MaybeAbstract.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfbfd45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/MaybeAbstract.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public abstract class MaybeAbstract {
+    public MaybeAbstract() {}
+    int foo() { return 0; }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleClass.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c598910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+/*package*/ class InaccessibleClass {
+    public static void test() {}
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleMethod.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleMethod.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e2738e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/InaccessibleMethod.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+public class InaccessibleMethod {
+    /*package*/ static void test() {}
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/Mutant.java b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/Mutant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220fda0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/075-verification-error/src2/other/Mutant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package other;
+
+/**
+ * Parts of this class will disappear or change form.
+ */
+public class Mutant {
+    //public int disappearingField = 3;
+    //public static int disappearingStaticField = 4;
+
+    //public static void disappearingMethod() {
+    //    System.out.println("bye");
+    //}
+    //public static void disappearingStaticMethod() {
+    //    System.out.println("kthxbai");
+    //}
+
+    protected int inaccessibleField = 5;
+    protected static int inaccessibleStaticField = 6;
+
+    protected void inaccessibleMethod() {
+        System.out.println("no");
+    }
+
+    protected static void inaccessibleStaticMethod() {
+        System.out.println("nay");
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/tests/etc/local-run-test-jar b/tests/etc/local-run-test-jar
index 641306d..ee3f856 100755
--- a/tests/etc/local-run-test-jar
+++ b/tests/etc/local-run-test-jar
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 if [ "$VALGRIND" = "y" ]; then
     msg "Running with valgrind"
     valgrind_cmd="valgrind"
-    #valgrind_cmd="$valgrind_cmd --leak-check=full"
+    #valgrind_cmd="valgrind --leak-check=full"
 else
     valgrind_cmd=""
 fi