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// Random Notes
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C90/C99/C++ Comparisons:
http://david.tribble.com/text/cdiffs.htm

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To time GCC preprocessing speed without output, use:
   "time gcc -MM file"
This is similar to -Eonly.


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  C++ Template Instantiation benchmark:
     http://users.rcn.com/abrahams/instantiation_speed/index.html

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TODO: File Manager Speedup:

 We currently do a lot of stat'ing for files that don't exist, particularly
 when lots of -I paths exist (e.g. see the <iostream> example, check for
 failures in stat in FileManager::getFile).  It would be far better to make
 the following changes:
   1. FileEntry contains a sys::Path instead of a std::string for Name.
   2. sys::Path contains timestamp and size, lazily computed.  Eliminate from
      FileEntry.
   3. File UIDs are created on request, not when files are opened.
 These changes make it possible to efficiently have FileEntry objects for
 files that exist on the file system, but have not been used yet.
 
 Once this is done:
   1. DirectoryEntry gets a boolean value "has read entries".  When false, not
      all entries in the directory are in the file mgr, when true, they are.
   2. Instead of stat'ing the file in FileManager::getFile, check to see if 
      the dir has been read.  If so, fail immediately, if not, read the dir,
      then retry.
   3. Reading the dir uses the getdirentries syscall, creating an FileEntry
      for all files found.

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TODO: Fast #Import:

 * Get frameworks that don't use #import to do so, e.g. 
   DirectoryService, AudioToolbox, CoreFoundation, etc.  Why not using #import?
   Because they work in C mode? C has #import.
 * Have the lexer return a token for #import instead of handling it itself.
   - Create a new preprocessor object with no external state (no -D/U options
     from the command line, etc).  Alternatively, keep track of exactly which
     external state is used by a #import: declare it somehow.
 * When having reading a #import file, keep track of whether we have (and/or
   which) seen any "configuration" macros.  Various cases:
   - Uses of target args (__POWERPC__, __i386): Header has to be parsed 
     multiple times, per-target.  What about #ifndef checks?  How do we know?
   - "Configuration" preprocessor macros not defined: POWERPC, etc.  What about
     things like __STDC__ etc?  What is and what isn't allowed.
 * Special handling for "umbrella" headers, which just contain #import stmts:
   - Cocoa.h/AppKit.h - Contain pointers to digests instead of entire digests
     themselves?  Foundation.h isn't pure umbrella!
 * Frameworks digests:
   - Can put "digest" of a framework-worth of headers into the framework
     itself.  To open AppKit, just mmap
     /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/"digest", which provides a
     symbol table in a well defined format.  Lazily unstream stuff that is
     needed.  Contains declarations, macros, and debug information.
   - System frameworks ship with digests.  How do we handle configuration
     information?  How do we handle stuff like:
       #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_2
     which guards a bunch of decls?  Should there be a couple of default
     configs, then have the UI fall back to building/caching its own?
   - GUI automatically builds digests when UI is idle, both of system
     frameworks if they aren't not available in the right config, and of app
     frameworks.
   - GUI builds dependence graph of frameworks/digests based on #imports.  If a
     digest is out date, dependent digests are automatically invalidated.

 * New constraints on #import for objc-v3:
   - #imported file must not define non-inline function bodies.
     - Alternatively, they can, and these bodies get compiled/linked *once*
       per app into a dylib.  What about building user dylibs?
   - Restrictions on ObjC grammar: can't #import the body of a for stmt or fn.
   - Compiler must detect and reject these cases.
   - #defines defined within a #import have two behaviors:
     - By default, they escape the header.  These macros *cannot* be #undef'd
       by other code: this is enforced by the front-end.
     - Optionally, user can specify what macros escape (whitelist) or can use
       #undef.

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TODO: New language feature: Configuration queries:
  - Instead of #ifdef __POWERPC__, use "if (strcmp(`cpu`, __POWERPC__))", or
    some other, better, syntax.
  - Use it to increase the number of "architecture-clean" #import'd files,
    allowing a single index to be used for all fat slices.

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// Specifying targets:  -triple and -arch
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The clang supports "-triple" and "-arch" options. At most one -triple and one
-arch option may be specified.  Both are optional.

The "selection of target" behavior is defined as follows:

(1) If the user does not specify -triple, we default to the host triple.
(2) If the user specifies a -arch, that overrides the arch in the host or
    specified triple.