diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
index aca71b0..80ac116 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
@@ -799,6 +799,7 @@
     
     if (!Result.empty()) {
       bool IsFunctionTemplate;
+      bool IsVarTemplate;
       TemplateName Template;
       if (Result.end() - Result.begin() > 1) {
         IsFunctionTemplate = true;
@@ -808,7 +809,8 @@
         TemplateDecl *TD
           = cast<TemplateDecl>((*Result.begin())->getUnderlyingDecl());
         IsFunctionTemplate = isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(TD);
-        
+        IsVarTemplate = isa<VarTemplateDecl>(TD);
+
         if (SS.isSet() && !SS.isInvalid())
           Template = Context.getQualifiedTemplateName(SS.getScopeRep(), 
                                                     /*TemplateKeyword=*/false,
@@ -825,8 +827,9 @@
         
         return NameClassification::FunctionTemplate(Template);
       }
-      
-      return NameClassification::TypeTemplate(Template);
+
+      return IsVarTemplate ? NameClassification::VarTemplate(Template)
+                           : NameClassification::TypeTemplate(Template);
     }
   }
 
@@ -3013,8 +3016,7 @@
   if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus &&
       New->isThisDeclarationADefinition() == VarDecl::Definition &&
       (Def = Old->getDefinition())) {
-    Diag(New->getLocation(), diag::err_redefinition)
-      << New->getDeclName();
+    Diag(New->getLocation(), diag::err_redefinition) << New;
     Diag(Def->getLocation(), diag::note_previous_definition);
     New->setInvalidDecl();
     return;
@@ -4258,8 +4260,8 @@
                                   TemplateParamLists,
                                   AddToScope);
   } else {
-    New = ActOnVariableDeclarator(S, D, DC, TInfo, Previous,
-                                  TemplateParamLists);
+    New = ActOnVariableDeclarator(S, D, DC, TInfo, Previous, TemplateParamLists,
+                                  AddToScope);
   }
 
   if (New == 0)
@@ -4768,10 +4770,11 @@
   llvm_unreachable("Unexpected context");
 }
 
-NamedDecl*
+NamedDecl *
 Sema::ActOnVariableDeclarator(Scope *S, Declarator &D, DeclContext *DC,
                               TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, LookupResult &Previous,
-                              MultiTemplateParamsArg TemplateParamLists) {
+                              MultiTemplateParamsArg TemplateParamLists,
+                              bool &AddToScope) {
   QualType R = TInfo->getType();
   DeclarationName Name = GetNameForDeclarator(D).getName();
 
@@ -4862,7 +4865,12 @@
     }
   }
 
-  bool isExplicitSpecialization = false;
+  bool IsExplicitSpecialization = false;
+  bool IsVariableTemplateSpecialization = false;
+  bool IsPartialSpecialization = false;
+  bool Invalid = false; // TODO: Can we remove this (error-prone)?
+  TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams = 0;
+  VarTemplateDecl *PrevVarTemplate = 0;
   VarDecl *NewVD;
   if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
     NewVD = VarDecl::Create(Context, DC, D.getLocStart(),
@@ -4922,23 +4930,20 @@
       }
     }
 
+    NamedDecl *PrevDecl = 0;
+    if (Previous.begin() != Previous.end())
+      PrevDecl = (*Previous.begin())->getUnderlyingDecl();
+    PrevVarTemplate = dyn_cast_or_null<VarTemplateDecl>(PrevDecl);
+
     // Match up the template parameter lists with the scope specifier, then
     // determine whether we have a template or a template specialization.
-    isExplicitSpecialization = false;
-    bool Invalid = false;
-    if (TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams =
-            MatchTemplateParametersToScopeSpecifier(
-                D.getDeclSpec().getLocStart(), D.getIdentifierLoc(),
-                D.getCXXScopeSpec(), TemplateParamLists,
-                /*never a friend*/ false, isExplicitSpecialization, Invalid)) {
-      if (TemplateParams->size() > 0) {
-        // There is no such thing as a variable template.
-        Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_template_variable)
-          << II
-          << SourceRange(TemplateParams->getTemplateLoc(),
-                         TemplateParams->getRAngleLoc());
-        return 0;
-      } else {
+    TemplateParams = MatchTemplateParametersToScopeSpecifier(
+        D.getDeclSpec().getLocStart(), D.getIdentifierLoc(),
+        D.getCXXScopeSpec(), TemplateParamLists,
+        /*never a friend*/ false, IsExplicitSpecialization, Invalid);
+    if (TemplateParams) {
+      if (!TemplateParams->size() &&
+          D.getName().getKind() != UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId) {
         // There is an extraneous 'template<>' for this variable. Complain
         // about it, but allow the declaration of the variable.
         Diag(TemplateParams->getTemplateLoc(),
@@ -4946,12 +4951,116 @@
           << II
           << SourceRange(TemplateParams->getTemplateLoc(),
                          TemplateParams->getRAngleLoc());
+      } else {
+        // Only C++1y supports variable templates (N3651).
+        Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(),
+             getLangOpts().CPlusPlus1y
+                 ? diag::warn_cxx11_compat_variable_template
+                 : diag::ext_variable_template);
+
+        if (D.getName().getKind() == UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId) {
+          // This is an explicit specialization or a partial specialization.
+          // Check that we can declare a specialization here
+
+          IsVariableTemplateSpecialization = true;
+          IsPartialSpecialization = TemplateParams->size() > 0;
+
+        } else { // if (TemplateParams->size() > 0)
+                 // This is a template declaration.
+
+          // Check that we can declare a template here.
+          if (CheckTemplateDeclScope(S, TemplateParams))
+            return 0;
+
+          // If there is a previous declaration with the same name, check
+          // whether this is a valid redeclaration.
+          if (PrevDecl && !isDeclInScope(PrevDecl, DC, S))
+            PrevDecl = PrevVarTemplate = 0;
+
+          if (PrevVarTemplate) {
+            // Ensure that the template parameter lists are compatible.
+            if (!TemplateParameterListsAreEqual(
+                    TemplateParams, PrevVarTemplate->getTemplateParameters(),
+                    /*Complain=*/true, TPL_TemplateMatch))
+              return 0;
+          } else if (PrevDecl && PrevDecl->isTemplateParameter()) {
+            // Maybe we will complain about the shadowed template parameter.
+            DiagnoseTemplateParameterShadow(D.getIdentifierLoc(), PrevDecl);
+
+            // Just pretend that we didn't see the previous declaration.
+            PrevDecl = 0;
+          } else if (PrevDecl) {
+            // C++ [temp]p5:
+            // ... a template name declared in namespace scope or in class
+            // scope shall be unique in that scope.
+            Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_redefinition_different_kind)
+                << Name;
+            Diag(PrevDecl->getLocation(), diag::note_previous_definition);
+            return 0;
+          }
+
+          // Check the template parameter list of this declaration, possibly
+          // merging in the template parameter list from the previous variable
+          // template declaration.
+          if (CheckTemplateParameterList(
+                  TemplateParams,
+                  PrevVarTemplate ? PrevVarTemplate->getTemplateParameters()
+                                  : 0,
+                  (D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet() && DC && DC->isRecord() &&
+                   DC->isDependentContext())
+                      ? TPC_ClassTemplateMember
+                      : TPC_VarTemplate))
+            Invalid = true;
+
+          if (D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet()) {
+            // If the name of the template was qualified, we must be defining
+            // the template out-of-line.
+            if (!D.getCXXScopeSpec().isInvalid() && !Invalid &&
+                !PrevVarTemplate) {
+              Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_member_def_does_not_match)
+                  << Name << DC << D.getCXXScopeSpec().getRange();
+              Invalid = true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
+    } else if (D.getName().getKind() == UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId) {
+      TemplateIdAnnotation *TemplateId = D.getName().TemplateId;
+
+      // We have encountered something that the user meant to be a
+      // specialization (because it has explicitly-specified template
+      // arguments) but that was not introduced with a "template<>" (or had
+      // too few of them).
+      // FIXME: Differentiate between attempts for explicit instantiations
+      // (starting with "template") and the rest.
+      Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_template_spec_needs_header)
+          << SourceRange(TemplateId->LAngleLoc, TemplateId->RAngleLoc)
+          << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(D.getDeclSpec().getLocStart(),
+                                        "template<> ");
+      IsVariableTemplateSpecialization = true;
     }
 
-    NewVD = VarDecl::Create(Context, DC, D.getLocStart(),
-                            D.getIdentifierLoc(), II,
-                            R, TInfo, SC);
+    if (IsVariableTemplateSpecialization) {
+      if (!PrevVarTemplate) {
+        Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_var_spec_no_template)
+            << IsPartialSpecialization;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      SourceLocation TemplateKWLoc =
+          TemplateParamLists.size() > 0
+              ? TemplateParamLists[0]->getTemplateLoc()
+              : SourceLocation();
+      DeclResult Res = ActOnVarTemplateSpecialization(
+          S, PrevVarTemplate, D, TInfo, TemplateKWLoc, TemplateParams, SC,
+          IsPartialSpecialization);
+      if (Res.isInvalid())
+        return 0;
+      NewVD = cast<VarDecl>(Res.get());
+      AddToScope = false;
+    } else
+      NewVD = VarDecl::Create(Context, DC, D.getLocStart(),
+                              D.getIdentifierLoc(), II, R, TInfo, SC);
 
     // If this decl has an auto type in need of deduction, make a note of the
     // Decl so we can diagnose uses of it in its own initializer.
@@ -4963,7 +5072,14 @@
 
     SetNestedNameSpecifier(NewVD, D);
 
-    if (TemplateParamLists.size() > 0 && D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet()) {
+    // FIXME: Do we need D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet()?
+    if (TemplateParams && TemplateParamLists.size() > 1 &&
+        (!IsVariableTemplateSpecialization || D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet())) {
+      NewVD->setTemplateParameterListsInfo(
+          Context, TemplateParamLists.size() - 1, TemplateParamLists.data());
+    } else if (IsVariableTemplateSpecialization ||
+               (!TemplateParams && TemplateParamLists.size() > 0 &&
+                (D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet()))) {
       NewVD->setTemplateParameterListsInfo(Context,
                                            TemplateParamLists.size(),
                                            TemplateParamLists.data());
@@ -5020,7 +5136,12 @@
   }
 
   if (D.getDeclSpec().isModulePrivateSpecified()) {
-    if (isExplicitSpecialization)
+    if (IsVariableTemplateSpecialization)
+      Diag(NewVD->getLocation(), diag::err_module_private_specialization)
+          << (IsPartialSpecialization ? 1 : 0)
+          << FixItHint::CreateRemoval(
+                 D.getDeclSpec().getModulePrivateSpecLoc());
+    else if (IsExplicitSpecialization)
       Diag(NewVD->getLocation(), diag::err_module_private_specialization)
         << 2
         << FixItHint::CreateRemoval(D.getDeclSpec().getModulePrivateSpecLoc());
@@ -5089,15 +5210,17 @@
   }
 
   // Diagnose shadowed variables before filtering for scope.
+  // FIXME: Special treatment for static variable template members (?).
   if (!D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet())
     CheckShadow(S, NewVD, Previous);
 
   // Don't consider existing declarations that are in a different
   // scope and are out-of-semantic-context declarations (if the new
   // declaration has linkage).
-  FilterLookupForScope(Previous, DC, S, shouldConsiderLinkage(NewVD),
-                       isExplicitSpecialization);
-  
+  FilterLookupForScope(
+      Previous, DC, S, shouldConsiderLinkage(NewVD),
+      IsExplicitSpecialization || IsVariableTemplateSpecialization);
+
   if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
     D.setRedeclaration(CheckVariableDeclaration(NewVD, Previous));
   } else {
@@ -5121,10 +5244,19 @@
       NewVD->setInvalidDecl();
     }
 
-    D.setRedeclaration(CheckVariableDeclaration(NewVD, Previous));
+    if (!IsVariableTemplateSpecialization) {
+      if (PrevVarTemplate) {
+        LookupResult PrevDecl(*this, GetNameForDeclarator(D),
+                              LookupOrdinaryName, ForRedeclaration);
+        PrevDecl.addDecl(PrevVarTemplate->getTemplatedDecl());
+        D.setRedeclaration(CheckVariableDeclaration(NewVD, PrevDecl));
+      } else
+        D.setRedeclaration(CheckVariableDeclaration(NewVD, Previous));
+    }
 
     // This is an explicit specialization of a static data member. Check it.
-    if (isExplicitSpecialization && !NewVD->isInvalidDecl() &&
+    // FIXME: Special treatment for static variable template members (?).
+    if (IsExplicitSpecialization && !NewVD->isInvalidDecl() &&
         CheckMemberSpecialization(NewVD, Previous))
       NewVD->setInvalidDecl();
   }
@@ -5147,7 +5279,45 @@
     }
   }
 
-  return NewVD;
+  // If this is not a variable template, return it now
+  if (!TemplateParams || IsVariableTemplateSpecialization)
+    return NewVD;
+
+  // If this is supposed to be a variable template, create it as such.
+  VarTemplateDecl *NewTemplate =
+      VarTemplateDecl::Create(Context, DC, D.getIdentifierLoc(), Name,
+                              TemplateParams, NewVD, PrevVarTemplate);
+  NewVD->setDescribedVarTemplate(NewTemplate);
+
+  if (D.getDeclSpec().isModulePrivateSpecified())
+    NewTemplate->setModulePrivate();
+
+  // If we are providing an explicit specialization of a static variable
+  // template, make a note of that.
+  if (PrevVarTemplate && PrevVarTemplate->getInstantiatedFromMemberTemplate())
+    NewTemplate->setMemberSpecialization();
+
+  // Set the lexical context of this template
+  NewTemplate->setLexicalDeclContext(CurContext);
+  if (NewVD->isStaticDataMember() && NewVD->isOutOfLine())
+    NewTemplate->setAccess(NewVD->getAccess());
+
+  if (PrevVarTemplate)
+    mergeDeclAttributes(NewVD, PrevVarTemplate->getTemplatedDecl());
+
+  AddPushedVisibilityAttribute(NewVD);
+
+  PushOnScopeChains(NewTemplate, S);
+  AddToScope = false;
+
+  if (Invalid) {
+    NewTemplate->setInvalidDecl();
+    NewVD->setInvalidDecl();
+  }
+
+  ActOnDocumentableDecl(NewTemplate);
+
+  return NewTemplate;
 }
 
 /// \brief Diagnose variable or built-in function shadowing.  Implements
@@ -6705,6 +6875,8 @@
         // specialization (because it has explicitly-specified template
         // arguments) but that was not introduced with a "template<>" (or had
         // too few of them).
+        // FIXME: Differentiate between attempts for explicit instantiations
+        // (starting with "template") and the rest.
         Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_template_spec_needs_header)
           << SourceRange(TemplateId->LAngleLoc, TemplateId->RAngleLoc)
           << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(
@@ -7666,7 +7838,6 @@
     RealDecl->setInvalidDecl();
     return;
   }
-
   ParenListExpr *CXXDirectInit = dyn_cast<ParenListExpr>(Init);
 
   // C++11 [decl.spec.auto]p6. Deduce the type which 'auto' stands in for.
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp
index 3df0472..bd8b566 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp
@@ -2001,10 +2001,12 @@
 
     Member->setAccess(AS);
 
-    // If we have declared a member function template, set the access of the
-    // templated declaration as well.
+    // If we have declared a member function template or static data member
+    // template, set the access of the templated declaration as well.
     if (FunctionTemplateDecl *FunTmpl = dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(Member))
       FunTmpl->getTemplatedDecl()->setAccess(AS);
+    else if (VarTemplateDecl *VarTmpl = dyn_cast<VarTemplateDecl>(Member))
+      VarTmpl->getTemplatedDecl()->setAccess(AS);
   }
 
   if (VS.isOverrideSpecified())
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
index 8d370ce..8038a45 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
@@ -1559,7 +1559,8 @@
 ExprResult
 Sema::BuildDeclRefExpr(ValueDecl *D, QualType Ty, ExprValueKind VK,
                        const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
-                       const CXXScopeSpec *SS, NamedDecl *FoundD) {
+                       const CXXScopeSpec *SS, NamedDecl *FoundD,
+                       const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
   if (getLangOpts().CUDA)
     if (const FunctionDecl *Caller = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(CurContext))
       if (const FunctionDecl *Callee = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D)) {
@@ -1578,12 +1579,24 @@
     (CurContext != D->getDeclContext() &&
      D->getDeclContext()->isFunctionOrMethod());
 
-  DeclRefExpr *E = DeclRefExpr::Create(Context,
-                                       SS ? SS->getWithLocInContext(Context)
-                                              : NestedNameSpecifierLoc(),
-                                       SourceLocation(),
-                                       D, refersToEnclosingScope,
-                                       NameInfo, Ty, VK, FoundD);
+  DeclRefExpr *E;
+  if (isa<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(D)) {
+    VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec =
+        cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(D);
+
+    E = DeclRefExpr::Create(
+        Context,
+        SS ? SS->getWithLocInContext(Context) : NestedNameSpecifierLoc(),
+        VarSpec->getTemplateKeywordLoc(), D, refersToEnclosingScope,
+        NameInfo.getLoc(), Ty, VK, FoundD, TemplateArgs);
+  } else {
+    assert(!TemplateArgs && "No template arguments for non-variable"
+                            " template specialization referrences");
+    E = DeclRefExpr::Create(
+        Context,
+        SS ? SS->getWithLocInContext(Context) : NestedNameSpecifierLoc(),
+        SourceLocation(), D, refersToEnclosingScope, NameInfo, Ty, VK, FoundD);
+  }
 
   MarkDeclRefReferenced(E);
 
@@ -1870,7 +1883,6 @@
                                    bool IsInlineAsmIdentifier) {
   assert(!(IsAddressOfOperand && HasTrailingLParen) &&
          "cannot be direct & operand and have a trailing lparen");
-
   if (SS.isInvalid())
     return ExprError();
 
@@ -1961,6 +1973,7 @@
   bool ADL = UseArgumentDependentLookup(SS, R, HasTrailingLParen);
 
   if (R.empty() && !ADL) {
+
     // Otherwise, this could be an implicitly declared function reference (legal
     // in C90, extension in C99, forbidden in C++).
     if (HasTrailingLParen && II && !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
@@ -2056,8 +2069,19 @@
                                              R, TemplateArgs);
   }
 
-  if (TemplateArgs || TemplateKWLoc.isValid())
+  if (TemplateArgs || TemplateKWLoc.isValid()) {
+
+    // In C++1y, if this is a variable template id, then check it
+    // in BuildTemplateIdExpr().
+    // The single lookup result must be a variable template declaration.
+    if (Id.getKind() == UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId && Id.TemplateId &&
+        Id.TemplateId->Kind == TNK_Var_template) {
+      assert(R.getAsSingle<VarTemplateDecl>() &&
+             "There should only be one declaration found.");
+    }
+
     return BuildTemplateIdExpr(SS, TemplateKWLoc, R, ADL, TemplateArgs);
+  }
 
   return BuildDeclarationNameExpr(SS, R, ADL);
 }
@@ -2524,10 +2548,9 @@
 }
 
 /// \brief Complete semantic analysis for a reference to the given declaration.
-ExprResult
-Sema::BuildDeclarationNameExpr(const CXXScopeSpec &SS,
-                               const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
-                               NamedDecl *D, NamedDecl *FoundD) {
+ExprResult Sema::BuildDeclarationNameExpr(
+    const CXXScopeSpec &SS, const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, NamedDecl *D,
+    NamedDecl *FoundD, const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
   assert(D && "Cannot refer to a NULL declaration");
   assert(!isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(D) &&
          "Cannot refer unambiguously to a function template");
@@ -2539,8 +2562,8 @@
   if (TemplateDecl *Template = dyn_cast<TemplateDecl>(D)) {
     // Specifically diagnose references to class templates that are missing
     // a template argument list.
-    Diag(Loc, diag::err_template_decl_ref)
-      << Template << SS.getRange();
+    Diag(Loc, diag::err_template_decl_ref) << (isa<VarTemplateDecl>(D) ? 1 : 0)
+                                           << Template << SS.getRange();
     Diag(Template->getLocation(), diag::note_template_decl_here);
     return ExprError();
   }
@@ -2630,6 +2653,8 @@
     }
 
     case Decl::Var:
+    case Decl::VarTemplateSpecialization:
+    case Decl::VarTemplatePartialSpecialization:
       // In C, "extern void blah;" is valid and is an r-value.
       if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus &&
           !type.hasQualifiers() &&
@@ -2727,7 +2752,8 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    return BuildDeclRefExpr(VD, type, valueKind, NameInfo, &SS, FoundD);
+    return BuildDeclRefExpr(VD, type, valueKind, NameInfo, &SS, FoundD,
+                            TemplateArgs);
   }
 }
 
@@ -11690,28 +11716,64 @@
   if (!IsPotentiallyEvaluatedContext(SemaRef))
     return;
 
-  // Implicit instantiation of static data members of class templates.
-  if (Var->isStaticDataMember() && Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember()) {
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec =
+      dyn_cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(Var);
+
+  // Implicit instantiation of static data members, static data member
+  // templates of class templates, and variable template specializations.
+  // Delay instantiations of variable templates, except for those
+  // that could be used in a constant expression.
+  if (VarSpec || (Var->isStaticDataMember() &&
+                  Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember())) {
     MemberSpecializationInfo *MSInfo = Var->getMemberSpecializationInfo();
-    assert(MSInfo && "Missing member specialization information?");
-    bool AlreadyInstantiated = !MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation().isInvalid();
-    if (MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind() == TSK_ImplicitInstantiation &&
-        (!AlreadyInstantiated ||
-         Var->isUsableInConstantExpressions(SemaRef.Context))) {
-      if (!AlreadyInstantiated) {
-        // This is a modification of an existing AST node. Notify listeners.
-        if (ASTMutationListener *L = SemaRef.getASTMutationListener())
-          L->StaticDataMemberInstantiated(Var);
-        MSInfo->setPointOfInstantiation(Loc);
+    if (VarSpec)
+      assert(!isa<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl>(Var) &&
+             "Can't instantiate a partial template specialization.");
+    if (Var->isStaticDataMember())
+      assert(MSInfo && "Missing member specialization information?");
+
+    SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation;
+    bool InstantiationIsOkay = true;
+    if (MSInfo) {
+      bool AlreadyInstantiated = !MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation().isInvalid();
+      TemplateSpecializationKind TSK = MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind();
+
+      if (TSK == TSK_ImplicitInstantiation &&
+          (!AlreadyInstantiated ||
+           Var->isUsableInConstantExpressions(SemaRef.Context))) {
+        if (!AlreadyInstantiated) {
+          // This is a modification of an existing AST node. Notify listeners.
+          if (ASTMutationListener *L = SemaRef.getASTMutationListener())
+            L->StaticDataMemberInstantiated(Var);
+          MSInfo->setPointOfInstantiation(Loc);
+        }
+        PointOfInstantiation = MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation();
+      } else
+        InstantiationIsOkay = false;
+    } else {
+      if (VarSpec->getPointOfInstantiation().isInvalid())
+        VarSpec->setPointOfInstantiation(Loc);
+      PointOfInstantiation = VarSpec->getPointOfInstantiation();
+    }
+
+    if (InstantiationIsOkay) {
+      bool InstantiationDependent = false;
+      bool IsNonDependent =
+          VarSpec ? !TemplateSpecializationType::anyDependentTemplateArguments(
+                        VarSpec->getTemplateArgsInfo(), InstantiationDependent)
+                  : true;
+
+      // Do not instantiate specializations that are still type-dependent.
+      if (IsNonDependent) {
+        if (Var->isUsableInConstantExpressions(SemaRef.Context)) {
+          // Do not defer instantiations of variables which could be used in a
+          // constant expression.
+          SemaRef.InstantiateVariableDefinition(PointOfInstantiation, Var);
+        } else {
+          SemaRef.PendingInstantiations
+              .push_back(std::make_pair(Var, PointOfInstantiation));
+        }
       }
-      SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation = MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation();
-      if (Var->isUsableInConstantExpressions(SemaRef.Context))
-        // Do not defer instantiations of variables which could be used in a
-        // constant expression.
-        SemaRef.InstantiateStaticDataMemberDefinition(PointOfInstantiation,Var);
-      else
-        SemaRef.PendingInstantiations.push_back(
-            std::make_pair(Var, PointOfInstantiation));
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp
index af0eb08..0981872 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "TreeTransform.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ASTConsumer.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclFriend.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
@@ -207,8 +208,9 @@
       R.suppressDiagnostics();
     } else {
       assert(isa<ClassTemplateDecl>(TD) || isa<TemplateTemplateParmDecl>(TD) ||
-             isa<TypeAliasTemplateDecl>(TD));
-      TemplateKind = TNK_Type_template;
+             isa<TypeAliasTemplateDecl>(TD) || isa<VarTemplateDecl>(TD));
+      TemplateKind =
+          isa<VarTemplateDecl>(TD) ? TNK_Var_template : TNK_Type_template;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1159,6 +1161,7 @@
                                             SourceRange DefArgRange) {
   switch (TPC) {
   case Sema::TPC_ClassTemplate:
+  case Sema::TPC_VarTemplate:
   case Sema::TPC_TypeAliasTemplate:
     return false;
 
@@ -1430,7 +1433,8 @@
     //   If a template parameter of a primary class template or alias template
     //   is a template parameter pack, it shall be the last template parameter.
     if (SawParameterPack && (NewParam + 1) != NewParamEnd &&
-        (TPC == TPC_ClassTemplate || TPC == TPC_TypeAliasTemplate)) {
+        (TPC == TPC_ClassTemplate || TPC == TPC_VarTemplate ||
+         TPC == TPC_TypeAliasTemplate)) {
       Diag((*NewParam)->getLocation(),
            diag::err_template_param_pack_must_be_last_template_parameter);
       Invalid = true;
@@ -1924,11 +1928,14 @@
 void Sema::NoteAllFoundTemplates(TemplateName Name) {
   if (TemplateDecl *Template = Name.getAsTemplateDecl()) {
     Diag(Template->getLocation(), diag::note_template_declared_here)
-      << (isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(Template)? 0
-          : isa<ClassTemplateDecl>(Template)? 1
-          : isa<TypeAliasTemplateDecl>(Template)? 2
-          : 3)
-      << Template->getDeclName();
+        << (isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(Template)
+                ? 0
+                : isa<ClassTemplateDecl>(Template)
+                      ? 1
+                      : isa<VarTemplateDecl>(Template)
+                            ? 2
+                            : isa<TypeAliasTemplateDecl>(Template) ? 3 : 4)
+        << Template->getDeclName();
     return;
   }
   
@@ -2263,6 +2270,452 @@
   return CreateParsedType(Result, TLB.getTypeSourceInfo(Context, Result));
 }
 
+static bool CheckTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+    Sema &S, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
+    SmallVectorImpl<TemplateArgument> &TemplateArgs);
+
+static bool CheckTemplateSpecializationScope(Sema &S, NamedDecl *Specialized,
+                                             NamedDecl *PrevDecl,
+                                             SourceLocation Loc,
+                                             bool IsPartialSpecialization);
+
+static TemplateSpecializationKind getTemplateSpecializationKind(Decl *D);
+/*
+/// \brief Check the new variable specialization against the parsed input.
+///
+/// FIXME: Model this against function specializations where
+/// a new function declaration is checked against the specialization
+/// as candidate for redefinition... (?)
+static bool CheckVariableTemplateSpecializationType() {
+
+  if (ExpectedType is undeduced &&  ParsedType is not undeduced)
+    ExpectedType = dedudeType();
+
+  if (both types are undeduced)
+    ???;
+
+  bool CheckType = !ExpectedType()->
+
+  if (!Context.hasSameType(DI->getType(), ExpectedDI->getType())) {
+    unsigned ErrStr = IsPartialSpecialization ? 2 : 1;
+    Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_invalid_var_template_spec_type)
+        << ErrStr << VarTemplate << DI->getType() << ExpectedDI->getType();
+    Diag(VarTemplate->getLocation(), diag::note_template_declared_here)
+        << 2 << VarTemplate->getDeclName();
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+DeclResult Sema::ActOnVarTemplateSpecialization(
+    Scope *S, VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate, Declarator &D, TypeSourceInfo *DI,
+    SourceLocation TemplateKWLoc, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
+    VarDecl::StorageClass SC, bool IsPartialSpecialization) {
+  assert(VarTemplate && "A variable template id without template?");
+
+  // D must be variable template id.
+  assert(D.getName().getKind() == UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId &&
+         "Variable template specialization is declared with a template it.");
+
+  TemplateIdAnnotation *TemplateId = D.getName().TemplateId;
+  SourceLocation TemplateNameLoc = D.getIdentifierLoc();
+  SourceLocation LAngleLoc = TemplateId->LAngleLoc;
+  SourceLocation RAngleLoc = TemplateId->RAngleLoc;
+  ASTTemplateArgsPtr TemplateArgsPtr(TemplateId->getTemplateArgs(),
+                                     TemplateId->NumArgs);
+  TemplateArgumentListInfo TemplateArgs(LAngleLoc, RAngleLoc);
+  translateTemplateArguments(TemplateArgsPtr, TemplateArgs);
+  TemplateName Name(VarTemplate);
+
+  // Check for unexpanded parameter packs in any of the template arguments.
+  for (unsigned I = 0, N = TemplateArgs.size(); I != N; ++I)
+    if (DiagnoseUnexpandedParameterPack(TemplateArgs[I],
+                                        UPPC_PartialSpecialization))
+      return true;
+
+  // Check that the template argument list is well-formed for this
+  // template.
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Converted;
+  if (CheckTemplateArgumentList(VarTemplate, TemplateNameLoc, TemplateArgs,
+                                false, Converted))
+    return true;
+
+  // Check that the type of this variable template specialization
+  // matches the expected type.
+  TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedDI;
+  {
+    // Do substitution on the type of the declaration
+    TemplateArgumentList TemplateArgList(TemplateArgumentList::OnStack,
+                                         Converted.data(), Converted.size());
+    InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, TemplateKWLoc, VarTemplate);
+    if (Inst)
+      return true;
+    VarDecl *Templated = VarTemplate->getTemplatedDecl();
+    ExpectedDI =
+        SubstType(Templated->getTypeSourceInfo(),
+                  MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList(TemplateArgList),
+                  Templated->getTypeSpecStartLoc(), Templated->getDeclName());
+  }
+  if (!ExpectedDI)
+    return true;
+
+  /*
+  // Check the new variable specialization against the parsed input.
+  // (Attributes are merged later below.)
+  if (CheckVariableTemplateSpecializationType())
+    return true;
+  */
+
+  // Find the variable template (partial) specialization declaration that
+  // corresponds to these arguments.
+  if (IsPartialSpecialization) {
+    if (CheckTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+            *this, VarTemplate->getTemplateParameters(), Converted))
+      return true;
+
+    bool InstantiationDependent;
+    if (!Name.isDependent() &&
+        !TemplateSpecializationType::anyDependentTemplateArguments(
+            TemplateArgs.getArgumentArray(), TemplateArgs.size(),
+            InstantiationDependent)) {
+      Diag(TemplateNameLoc, diag::err_partial_spec_fully_specialized)
+          << VarTemplate->getDeclName();
+      IsPartialSpecialization = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void *InsertPos = 0;
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *PrevDecl = 0;
+
+  if (IsPartialSpecialization)
+    // FIXME: Template parameter list matters too
+    PrevDecl = VarTemplate->findPartialSpecialization(
+        Converted.data(), Converted.size(), InsertPos);
+  else
+    PrevDecl = VarTemplate->findSpecialization(Converted.data(),
+                                               Converted.size(), InsertPos);
+
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Specialization = 0;
+
+  // Check whether we can declare a variable template specialization in
+  // the current scope.
+  if (CheckTemplateSpecializationScope(*this, VarTemplate, PrevDecl,
+                                       TemplateNameLoc,
+                                       IsPartialSpecialization))
+    return true;
+
+  if (PrevDecl && PrevDecl->getSpecializationKind() == TSK_Undeclared) {
+    // Since the only prior variable template specialization with these
+    // arguments was referenced but not declared,  reuse that
+    // declaration node as our own, updating its source location and
+    // the list of outer template parameters to reflect our new declaration.
+    Specialization = PrevDecl;
+    Specialization->setLocation(TemplateNameLoc);
+    PrevDecl = 0;
+  } else if (IsPartialSpecialization) {
+    // Create a new class template partial specialization declaration node.
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PrevPartial =
+        cast_or_null<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl>(PrevDecl);
+    unsigned SequenceNumber =
+        PrevPartial ? PrevPartial->getSequenceNumber()
+                    : VarTemplate->getNextPartialSpecSequenceNumber();
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial =
+        VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl::Create(
+            Context, VarTemplate->getDeclContext(), TemplateKWLoc,
+            TemplateNameLoc, TemplateParams, VarTemplate, DI->getType(), DI, SC,
+            Converted.data(), Converted.size(), TemplateArgs, SequenceNumber);
+
+    if (!PrevPartial)
+      VarTemplate->AddPartialSpecialization(Partial, InsertPos);
+    Specialization = Partial;
+
+    // If we are providing an explicit specialization of a member variable
+    // template specialization, make a note of that.
+    if (PrevPartial && PrevPartial->getInstantiatedFromMember())
+      Partial->setMemberSpecialization();
+
+    // Check that all of the template parameters of the variable template
+    // partial specialization are deducible from the template
+    // arguments. If not, this variable template partial specialization
+    // will never be used.
+    llvm::SmallBitVector DeducibleParams(TemplateParams->size());
+    MarkUsedTemplateParameters(Partial->getTemplateArgs(), true,
+                               TemplateParams->getDepth(), DeducibleParams);
+
+    if (!DeducibleParams.all()) {
+      unsigned NumNonDeducible =
+          DeducibleParams.size() - DeducibleParams.count();
+      Diag(TemplateNameLoc, diag::warn_partial_specs_not_deducible)
+          << (NumNonDeducible > 1) << SourceRange(TemplateNameLoc, RAngleLoc);
+      for (unsigned I = 0, N = DeducibleParams.size(); I != N; ++I) {
+        if (!DeducibleParams[I]) {
+          NamedDecl *Param = cast<NamedDecl>(TemplateParams->getParam(I));
+          if (Param->getDeclName())
+            Diag(Param->getLocation(), diag::note_partial_spec_unused_parameter)
+                << Param->getDeclName();
+          else
+            Diag(Param->getLocation(), diag::note_partial_spec_unused_parameter)
+                << "<anonymous>";
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Create a new class template specialization declaration node for
+    // this explicit specialization or friend declaration.
+    Specialization = VarTemplateSpecializationDecl::Create(
+        Context, VarTemplate->getDeclContext(), TemplateKWLoc, TemplateNameLoc,
+        VarTemplate, DI->getType(), DI, SC, Converted.data(), Converted.size());
+    Specialization->setTemplateArgsInfo(TemplateArgs);
+
+    if (!PrevDecl)
+      VarTemplate->AddSpecialization(Specialization, InsertPos);
+  }
+
+  // C++ [temp.expl.spec]p6:
+  //   If a template, a member template or the member of a class template is
+  //   explicitly specialized then that specialization shall be declared
+  //   before the first use of that specialization that would cause an implicit
+  //   instantiation to take place, in every translation unit in which such a
+  //   use occurs; no diagnostic is required.
+  if (PrevDecl && PrevDecl->getPointOfInstantiation().isValid()) {
+    bool Okay = false;
+    for (Decl *Prev = PrevDecl; Prev; Prev = Prev->getPreviousDecl()) {
+      // Is there any previous explicit specialization declaration?
+      if (getTemplateSpecializationKind(Prev) == TSK_ExplicitSpecialization) {
+        Okay = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!Okay) {
+      SourceRange Range(TemplateNameLoc, RAngleLoc);
+      Diag(TemplateNameLoc, diag::err_specialization_after_instantiation)
+          << Name << Range;
+
+      Diag(PrevDecl->getPointOfInstantiation(),
+           diag::note_instantiation_required_here)
+          << (PrevDecl->getTemplateSpecializationKind() !=
+              TSK_ImplicitInstantiation);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Specialization->setTemplateKeywordLoc(TemplateKWLoc);
+  Specialization->setLexicalDeclContext(CurContext);
+
+  // Add the specialization into its lexical context, so that it can
+  // be seen when iterating through the list of declarations in that
+  // context. However, specializations are not found by name lookup.
+  CurContext->addDecl(Specialization);
+
+  // Note that this is an explicit specialization.
+  Specialization->setSpecializationKind(TSK_ExplicitSpecialization);
+
+  if (PrevDecl) {
+    // Check that this isn't a redefinition of this specialization,
+    // merging with previous declarations.
+    LookupResult PrevSpec(*this, GetNameForDeclarator(D), LookupOrdinaryName,
+                          ForRedeclaration);
+    PrevSpec.addDecl(PrevDecl);
+    D.setRedeclaration(CheckVariableDeclaration(Specialization, PrevSpec));
+  }
+
+  // Link instantiations of static data members back to the template from
+  // which they were instantiated.
+  if (Specialization->isStaticDataMember())
+    Specialization->setInstantiationOfStaticDataMember(
+        VarTemplate->getTemplatedDecl(),
+        Specialization->getSpecializationKind());
+
+  return Specialization;
+}
+
+namespace {
+/// \brief A partial specialization whose template arguments have matched
+/// a given template-id.
+struct PartialSpecMatchResult {
+  VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial;
+  TemplateArgumentList *Args;
+};
+}
+
+DeclResult
+Sema::CheckVarTemplateId(VarTemplateDecl *Template, SourceLocation TemplateLoc,
+                         SourceLocation TemplateNameLoc,
+                         const TemplateArgumentListInfo &TemplateArgs) {
+  assert(Template && "A variable template id without template?");
+
+  // Check that the template argument list is well-formed for this template.
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Converted;
+  bool ExpansionIntoFixedList = false;
+  if (CheckTemplateArgumentList(
+          Template, TemplateNameLoc,
+          const_cast<TemplateArgumentListInfo &>(TemplateArgs), false,
+          Converted, &ExpansionIntoFixedList))
+    return true;
+
+  // Find the variable template specialization declaration that
+  // corresponds to these arguments.
+  void *InsertPos = 0;
+  if (VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Spec = Template->findSpecialization(
+          Converted.data(), Converted.size(), InsertPos))
+    // If we already have a variable template specialization, return it.
+    return Spec;
+
+  // This is the first time we have referenced this variable template
+  // specialization. Create the canonical declaration and add it to
+  // the set of specializations, based on the closest partial specialization
+  // that it represents. That is,
+  VarDecl *InstantiationPattern = Template->getTemplatedDecl();
+  TemplateArgumentList TemplateArgList(TemplateArgumentList::OnStack,
+                                       Converted.data(), Converted.size());
+  TemplateArgumentList *InstantiationArgs = &TemplateArgList;
+  bool AmbiguousPartialSpec = false;
+  typedef PartialSpecMatchResult MatchResult;
+  SmallVector<MatchResult, 4> Matched;
+  SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation = TemplateNameLoc;
+  TemplateSpecCandidateSet FailedCandidates(PointOfInstantiation);
+
+  // 1. Attempt to find the closest partial specialization that this
+  // specializes, if any.
+  // If any of the template arguments is dependent, then this is probably
+  // a placeholder for an incomplete declarative context; which must be
+  // complete by instantiation time. Thus, do not search through the partial
+  // specializations yet.
+  // FIXME: Unify with InstantiateClassTemplateSpecialization()?
+  bool InstantiationDependent = false;
+  if (!TemplateSpecializationType::anyDependentTemplateArguments(
+          TemplateArgs, InstantiationDependent)) {
+
+    SmallVector<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *, 4> PartialSpecs;
+    Template->getPartialSpecializations(PartialSpecs);
+
+    for (unsigned I = 0, N = PartialSpecs.size(); I != N; ++I) {
+      VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial = PartialSpecs[I];
+      TemplateDeductionInfo Info(FailedCandidates.getLocation());
+
+      if (TemplateDeductionResult Result =
+              DeduceTemplateArguments(Partial, TemplateArgList, Info)) {
+        // Store the failed-deduction information for use in diagnostics, later.
+        FailedCandidates.addCandidate()
+            .set(Partial, MakeDeductionFailureInfo(Context, Result, Info));
+        (void)Result;
+      } else {
+        Matched.push_back(PartialSpecMatchResult());
+        Matched.back().Partial = Partial;
+        Matched.back().Args = Info.take();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If we're dealing with a member template where the template parameters
+    // have been instantiated, this provides the original template parameters
+    // from which the member template's parameters were instantiated.
+    SmallVector<const NamedDecl *, 4> InstantiatedTemplateParameters;
+
+    if (Matched.size() >= 1) {
+      SmallVector<MatchResult, 4>::iterator Best = Matched.begin();
+      if (Matched.size() == 1) {
+        //   -- If exactly one matching specialization is found, the
+        //      instantiation is generated from that specialization.
+        // We don't need to do anything for this.
+      } else {
+        //   -- If more than one matching specialization is found, the
+        //      partial order rules (14.5.4.2) are used to determine
+        //      whether one of the specializations is more specialized
+        //      than the others. If none of the specializations is more
+        //      specialized than all of the other matching
+        //      specializations, then the use of the variable template is
+        //      ambiguous and the program is ill-formed.
+        for (SmallVector<MatchResult, 4>::iterator P = Best + 1,
+                                                   PEnd = Matched.end();
+             P != PEnd; ++P) {
+          if (getMoreSpecializedPartialSpecialization(P->Partial, Best->Partial,
+                                                      PointOfInstantiation) ==
+              P->Partial)
+            Best = P;
+        }
+
+        // Determine if the best partial specialization is more specialized than
+        // the others.
+        for (SmallVector<MatchResult, 4>::iterator P = Matched.begin(),
+                                                   PEnd = Matched.end();
+             P != PEnd; ++P) {
+          if (P != Best && getMoreSpecializedPartialSpecialization(
+                               P->Partial, Best->Partial,
+                               PointOfInstantiation) != Best->Partial) {
+            AmbiguousPartialSpec = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Instantiate using the best variable template partial specialization.
+      InstantiationPattern = Best->Partial;
+      InstantiationArgs = Best->Args;
+    } else {
+      //   -- If no match is found, the instantiation is generated
+      //      from the primary template.
+      // InstantiationPattern = Template->getTemplatedDecl();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // FIXME: Actually use FailedCandidates.
+
+  // 2. Create the canonical declaration.
+  // Note that we do not instantiate the variable just yet, since
+  // instantiation is handled in DoMarkVarDeclReferenced().
+  // FIXME: LateAttrs et al.?
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Decl = BuildVarTemplateInstantiation(
+      Template, InstantiationPattern, *InstantiationArgs, TemplateArgs,
+      Converted, TemplateNameLoc, InsertPos /*, LateAttrs, StartingScope*/);
+  if (!Decl)
+    return true;
+
+  if (AmbiguousPartialSpec) {
+    // Partial ordering did not produce a clear winner. Complain.
+    Decl->setInvalidDecl();
+    Diag(PointOfInstantiation, diag::err_partial_spec_ordering_ambiguous)
+        << Decl;
+
+    // Print the matching partial specializations.
+    for (SmallVector<MatchResult, 4>::iterator P = Matched.begin(),
+                                               PEnd = Matched.end();
+         P != PEnd; ++P)
+      Diag(P->Partial->getLocation(), diag::note_partial_spec_match)
+          << getTemplateArgumentBindingsText(
+                 P->Partial->getTemplateParameters(), *P->Args);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *D =
+          dyn_cast<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl>(InstantiationPattern))
+    Decl->setInstantiationOf(D, InstantiationArgs);
+
+  assert(Decl && "No variable template specialization?");
+  return Decl;
+}
+
+ExprResult
+Sema::CheckVarTemplateId(const CXXScopeSpec &SS,
+                         const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
+                         VarTemplateDecl *Template, SourceLocation TemplateLoc,
+                         const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
+
+  DeclResult Decl = CheckVarTemplateId(Template, TemplateLoc, NameInfo.getLoc(),
+                                       *TemplateArgs);
+  if (Decl.isInvalid())
+    return ExprError();
+
+  VarDecl *Var = cast<VarDecl>(Decl.get());
+  if (!Var->getTemplateSpecializationKind())
+    Var->setTemplateSpecializationKind(TSK_ImplicitInstantiation,
+                                       NameInfo.getLoc());
+
+  // Build an ordinary singleton decl ref.
+  return BuildDeclarationNameExpr(SS, NameInfo, Var,
+                                  /*FoundD=*/0, TemplateArgs);
+}
+
 ExprResult Sema::BuildTemplateIdExpr(const CXXScopeSpec &SS,
                                      SourceLocation TemplateKWLoc,
                                      LookupResult &R,
@@ -2282,6 +2735,13 @@
   assert(!R.empty() && "empty lookup results when building templateid");
   assert(!R.isAmbiguous() && "ambiguous lookup when building templateid");
 
+  // In C++1y, check variable template ids.
+  if (R.getAsSingle<VarTemplateDecl>()) {
+    return Owned(CheckVarTemplateId(SS, R.getLookupNameInfo(),
+                                    R.getAsSingle<VarTemplateDecl>(),
+                                    TemplateKWLoc, TemplateArgs));
+  }
+
   // We don't want lookup warnings at this point.
   R.suppressDiagnostics();
 
@@ -2302,6 +2762,7 @@
                                    SourceLocation TemplateKWLoc,
                                    const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                              const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
+
   assert(TemplateArgs || TemplateKWLoc.isValid());
   DeclContext *DC;
   if (!(DC = computeDeclContext(SS, false)) ||
@@ -4962,16 +5423,18 @@
   int EntityKind = 0;
   if (isa<ClassTemplateDecl>(Specialized))
     EntityKind = IsPartialSpecialization? 1 : 0;
+  else if (isa<VarTemplateDecl>(Specialized))
+    EntityKind = IsPartialSpecialization ? 3 : 2;
   else if (isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(Specialized))
-    EntityKind = 2;
-  else if (isa<CXXMethodDecl>(Specialized))
-    EntityKind = 3;
-  else if (isa<VarDecl>(Specialized))
     EntityKind = 4;
-  else if (isa<RecordDecl>(Specialized))
+  else if (isa<CXXMethodDecl>(Specialized))
     EntityKind = 5;
-  else if (isa<EnumDecl>(Specialized) && S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11)
+  else if (isa<VarDecl>(Specialized))
     EntityKind = 6;
+  else if (isa<RecordDecl>(Specialized))
+    EntityKind = 7;
+  else if (isa<EnumDecl>(Specialized) && S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11)
+    EntityKind = 8;
   else {
     S.Diag(Loc, diag::err_template_spec_unknown_kind)
       << S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11;
@@ -5095,17 +5558,15 @@
   return false;
 }
 
-/// \brief Subroutine of Sema::CheckClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs
+/// \brief Subroutine of Sema::CheckTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs
 /// that checks non-type template partial specialization arguments.
-static bool CheckNonTypeClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(Sema &S,
-                                                NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *Param,
-                                                  const TemplateArgument *Args,
-                                                        unsigned NumArgs) {
+static bool CheckNonTypeTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+    Sema &S, NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *Param, const TemplateArgument *Args,
+    unsigned NumArgs) {
   for (unsigned I = 0; I != NumArgs; ++I) {
     if (Args[I].getKind() == TemplateArgument::Pack) {
-      if (CheckNonTypeClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(S, Param,
-                                                           Args[I].pack_begin(),
-                                                           Args[I].pack_size()))
+      if (CheckNonTypeTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+              S, Param, Args[I].pack_begin(), Args[I].pack_size()))
         return true;
 
       continue;
@@ -5176,9 +5637,9 @@
 /// partial specialization.
 ///
 /// \returns true if there was an error, false otherwise.
-static bool CheckClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(Sema &S,
-                                        TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
-                       SmallVectorImpl<TemplateArgument> &TemplateArgs) {
+static bool CheckTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+    Sema &S, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
+    SmallVectorImpl<TemplateArgument> &TemplateArgs) {
   const TemplateArgument *ArgList = TemplateArgs.data();
 
   for (unsigned I = 0, N = TemplateParams->size(); I != N; ++I) {
@@ -5187,8 +5648,7 @@
     if (!Param)
       continue;
 
-    if (CheckNonTypeClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(S, Param,
-                                                           &ArgList[I], 1))
+    if (CheckNonTypeTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(S, Param, &ArgList[I], 1))
       return true;
   }
 
@@ -5334,9 +5794,8 @@
   // Find the class template (partial) specialization declaration that
   // corresponds to these arguments.
   if (isPartialSpecialization) {
-    if (CheckClassTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(*this,
-                                         ClassTemplate->getTemplateParameters(),
-                                         Converted))
+    if (CheckTemplatePartialSpecializationArgs(
+            *this, ClassTemplate->getTemplateParameters(), Converted))
       return true;
 
     bool InstantiationDependent;
@@ -6207,9 +6666,8 @@
       InstantiationVar->setLocation(Member->getLocation());
     }
 
-    Context.setInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember(cast<VarDecl>(Member),
-                                                cast<VarDecl>(InstantiatedFrom),
-                                                TSK_ExplicitSpecialization);
+    cast<VarDecl>(Member)->setInstantiationOfStaticDataMember(
+        cast<VarDecl>(InstantiatedFrom), TSK_ExplicitSpecialization);
     MarkUnusedFileScopedDecl(InstantiationVar);
   } else if (isa<CXXRecordDecl>(Member)) {
     CXXRecordDecl *InstantiationClass = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Instantiation);
@@ -6697,7 +7155,7 @@
            diag::err_explicit_instantiation_inline :
            diag::warn_explicit_instantiation_inline_0x)
       << FixItHint::CreateRemoval(D.getDeclSpec().getInlineSpecLoc());
-  if (D.getDeclSpec().isConstexprSpecified())
+  if (D.getDeclSpec().isConstexprSpecified() && R->isFunctionType())
     // FIXME: Add a fix-it to remove the 'constexpr' and add a 'const' if one is
     // not already specified.
     Diag(D.getDeclSpec().getConstexprSpecLoc(),
@@ -6719,28 +7177,68 @@
     //   A [...] static data member of a class template can be explicitly
     //   instantiated from the member definition associated with its class
     //   template.
+    // C++1y [temp.explicit]p1:
+    //   A [...] variable [...] template specialization can be explicitly
+    //   instantiated from its template.
     if (Previous.isAmbiguous())
       return true;
 
     VarDecl *Prev = Previous.getAsSingle<VarDecl>();
-    if (!Prev || !Prev->isStaticDataMember()) {
-      // We expect to see a data data member here.
-      Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_explicit_instantiation_not_known)
-        << Name;
-      for (LookupResult::iterator P = Previous.begin(), PEnd = Previous.end();
-           P != PEnd; ++P)
-        Diag((*P)->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
-      return true;
-    }
+    VarTemplateDecl *PrevTemplate = Previous.getAsSingle<VarTemplateDecl>();
 
-    if (!Prev->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember()) {
-      // FIXME: Check for explicit specialization?
-      Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(),
-           diag::err_explicit_instantiation_data_member_not_instantiated)
-        << Prev;
-      Diag(Prev->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
-      // FIXME: Can we provide a note showing where this was declared?
-      return true;
+    if (!PrevTemplate) {
+      if (!Prev || !Prev->isStaticDataMember()) {
+        // We expect to see a data data member here.
+        Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_explicit_instantiation_not_known)
+            << Name;
+        for (LookupResult::iterator P = Previous.begin(), PEnd = Previous.end();
+             P != PEnd; ++P)
+          Diag((*P)->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      if (!Prev->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember()) {
+        // FIXME: Check for explicit specialization?
+        Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(),
+             diag::err_explicit_instantiation_data_member_not_instantiated)
+            << Prev;
+        Diag(Prev->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
+        // FIXME: Can we provide a note showing where this was declared?
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Explicitly instantiate a variable template.
+
+      // C++1y [dcl.spec.auto]p6:
+      //   ... A program that uses auto or decltype(auto) in a context not
+      //   explicitly allowed in this section is ill-formed.
+      //
+      // This includes auto-typed variable template instantiations.
+      if (R->isUndeducedType()) {
+        Diag(T->getTypeLoc().getLocStart(),
+             diag::err_auto_not_allowed_var_inst);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      TemplateArgumentListInfo TemplateArgs;
+      if (D.getName().getKind() == UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId) {
+        // Translate the parser's template argument list into our AST format.
+        TemplateIdAnnotation *TemplateId = D.getName().TemplateId;
+        TemplateArgs.setLAngleLoc(TemplateId->LAngleLoc);
+        TemplateArgs.setRAngleLoc(TemplateId->RAngleLoc);
+        ASTTemplateArgsPtr TemplateArgsPtr(TemplateId->getTemplateArgs(),
+                                           TemplateId->NumArgs);
+        translateTemplateArguments(TemplateArgsPtr, TemplateArgs);
+      }
+
+      DeclResult Res = CheckVarTemplateId(PrevTemplate, TemplateLoc,
+                                          D.getIdentifierLoc(), TemplateArgs);
+      if (Res.isInvalid())
+        return true;
+
+      // Ignore access control bits, we don't need them for redeclaration
+      // checking.
+      Prev = cast<VarDecl>(Res.get());
     }
 
     // C++0x [temp.explicit]p2:
@@ -6750,7 +7248,13 @@
     //   name shall be a simple-template-id.
     //
     // C++98 has the same restriction, just worded differently.
-    if (!ScopeSpecifierHasTemplateId(D.getCXXScopeSpec()))
+    //
+    // C++1y If the explicit instantiation is for a variable, the
+    // unqualified-id in the declaration shall be a template-id.
+    if (!ScopeSpecifierHasTemplateId(D.getCXXScopeSpec()) &&
+        (!PrevTemplate ||
+         (D.getName().getKind() != UnqualifiedId::IK_TemplateId &&
+          D.getCXXScopeSpec().isSet())))
       Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(),
            diag::ext_explicit_instantiation_without_qualified_id)
         << Prev << D.getCXXScopeSpec().getRange();
@@ -6760,20 +7264,39 @@
 
     // Verify that it is okay to explicitly instantiate here.
     MemberSpecializationInfo *MSInfo = Prev->getMemberSpecializationInfo();
-    assert(MSInfo && "Missing static data member specialization info?");
+    TemplateSpecializationKind PrevTSK =
+        MSInfo ? MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind()
+               : Prev->getTemplateSpecializationKind();
+    SourceLocation POI = MSInfo ? MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation()
+                                : cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(Prev)
+                                      ->getPointOfInstantiation();
     bool HasNoEffect = false;
     if (CheckSpecializationInstantiationRedecl(D.getIdentifierLoc(), TSK, Prev,
-                                        MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind(),
-                                              MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation(),
-                                               HasNoEffect))
+                                               PrevTSK, POI, HasNoEffect))
       return true;
-    if (HasNoEffect)
-      return (Decl*) 0;
 
-    // Instantiate static data member.
-    Prev->setTemplateSpecializationKind(TSK, D.getIdentifierLoc());
-    if (TSK == TSK_ExplicitInstantiationDefinition)
-      InstantiateStaticDataMemberDefinition(D.getIdentifierLoc(), Prev);
+    if (!HasNoEffect) {
+      // Instantiate static data member or variable template.
+
+      Prev->setTemplateSpecializationKind(TSK, D.getIdentifierLoc());
+      if (PrevTemplate) {
+        // Merge attributes.
+        if (AttributeList *Attr = D.getDeclSpec().getAttributes().getList())
+          ProcessDeclAttributeList(S, Prev, Attr);
+      }
+      if (TSK == TSK_ExplicitInstantiationDefinition)
+        InstantiateVariableDefinition(D.getIdentifierLoc(), Prev);
+    }
+
+    // Check the new variable specialization against the parsed input.
+    if (PrevTemplate && Prev && !Context.hasSameType(Prev->getType(), R)) {
+      Diag(T->getTypeLoc().getLocStart(),
+           diag::err_invalid_var_template_spec_type)
+          << 0 << PrevTemplate << R << Prev->getType();
+      Diag(PrevTemplate->getLocation(), diag::note_template_declared_here)
+          << 2 << PrevTemplate->getDeclName();
+      return true;
+    }
 
     // FIXME: Create an ExplicitInstantiation node?
     return (Decl*) 0;
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
index 8d6aaa0..e873546 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
@@ -2246,7 +2246,7 @@
 }
 
 /// \brief Perform template argument deduction to determine whether
-/// the given template arguments match the given class template
+/// the given template arguments match the given variable template
 /// partial specialization per C++ [temp.class.spec.match].
 Sema::TemplateDeductionResult
 Sema::DeduceTemplateArguments(ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial,
@@ -2287,6 +2287,160 @@
                                            Deduced, Info);
 }
 
+/// Complete template argument deduction for a variable template partial
+/// specialization.
+/// TODO: Unify with ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl version.
+static Sema::TemplateDeductionResult FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(
+    Sema &S, VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial,
+    const TemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs,
+    SmallVectorImpl<DeducedTemplateArgument> &Deduced,
+    TemplateDeductionInfo &Info) {
+  // Unevaluated SFINAE context.
+  EnterExpressionEvaluationContext Unevaluated(S, Sema::Unevaluated);
+  Sema::SFINAETrap Trap(S);
+
+  // C++ [temp.deduct.type]p2:
+  //   [...] or if any template argument remains neither deduced nor
+  //   explicitly specified, template argument deduction fails.
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Builder;
+  TemplateParameterList *PartialParams = Partial->getTemplateParameters();
+  for (unsigned I = 0, N = PartialParams->size(); I != N; ++I) {
+    NamedDecl *Param = PartialParams->getParam(I);
+    if (Deduced[I].isNull()) {
+      Info.Param = makeTemplateParameter(Param);
+      return Sema::TDK_Incomplete;
+    }
+
+    // We have deduced this argument, so it still needs to be
+    // checked and converted.
+
+    // First, for a non-type template parameter type that is
+    // initialized by a declaration, we need the type of the
+    // corresponding non-type template parameter.
+    QualType NTTPType;
+    if (NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *NTTP =
+            dyn_cast<NonTypeTemplateParmDecl>(Param)) {
+      NTTPType = NTTP->getType();
+      if (NTTPType->isDependentType()) {
+        TemplateArgumentList TemplateArgs(TemplateArgumentList::OnStack,
+                                          Builder.data(), Builder.size());
+        NTTPType =
+            S.SubstType(NTTPType, MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList(TemplateArgs),
+                        NTTP->getLocation(), NTTP->getDeclName());
+        if (NTTPType.isNull()) {
+          Info.Param = makeTemplateParameter(Param);
+          // FIXME: These template arguments are temporary. Free them!
+          Info.reset(TemplateArgumentList::CreateCopy(S.Context, Builder.data(),
+                                                      Builder.size()));
+          return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ConvertDeducedTemplateArgument(S, Param, Deduced[I], Partial, NTTPType,
+                                       0, Info, false, Builder)) {
+      Info.Param = makeTemplateParameter(Param);
+      // FIXME: These template arguments are temporary. Free them!
+      Info.reset(TemplateArgumentList::CreateCopy(S.Context, Builder.data(),
+                                                  Builder.size()));
+      return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Form the template argument list from the deduced template arguments.
+  TemplateArgumentList *DeducedArgumentList = TemplateArgumentList::CreateCopy(
+      S.Context, Builder.data(), Builder.size());
+
+  Info.reset(DeducedArgumentList);
+
+  // Substitute the deduced template arguments into the template
+  // arguments of the class template partial specialization, and
+  // verify that the instantiated template arguments are both valid
+  // and are equivalent to the template arguments originally provided
+  // to the class template.
+  LocalInstantiationScope InstScope(S);
+  VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate = Partial->getSpecializedTemplate();
+  const TemplateArgumentLoc *PartialTemplateArgs =
+      Partial->getTemplateArgsAsWritten();
+
+  // Note that we don't provide the langle and rangle locations.
+  TemplateArgumentListInfo InstArgs;
+
+  if (S.Subst(PartialTemplateArgs, Partial->getNumTemplateArgsAsWritten(),
+              InstArgs, MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList(*DeducedArgumentList))) {
+    unsigned ArgIdx = InstArgs.size(), ParamIdx = ArgIdx;
+    if (ParamIdx >= Partial->getTemplateParameters()->size())
+      ParamIdx = Partial->getTemplateParameters()->size() - 1;
+
+    Decl *Param = const_cast<NamedDecl *>(
+        Partial->getTemplateParameters()->getParam(ParamIdx));
+    Info.Param = makeTemplateParameter(Param);
+    Info.FirstArg = PartialTemplateArgs[ArgIdx].getArgument();
+    return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+  }
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> ConvertedInstArgs;
+  if (S.CheckTemplateArgumentList(VarTemplate, Partial->getLocation(), InstArgs,
+                                  false, ConvertedInstArgs))
+    return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+
+  TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams = VarTemplate->getTemplateParameters();
+  for (unsigned I = 0, E = TemplateParams->size(); I != E; ++I) {
+    TemplateArgument InstArg = ConvertedInstArgs.data()[I];
+    if (!isSameTemplateArg(S.Context, TemplateArgs[I], InstArg)) {
+      Info.Param = makeTemplateParameter(TemplateParams->getParam(I));
+      Info.FirstArg = TemplateArgs[I];
+      Info.SecondArg = InstArg;
+      return Sema::TDK_NonDeducedMismatch;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+    return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+
+  return Sema::TDK_Success;
+}
+
+/// \brief Perform template argument deduction to determine whether
+/// the given template arguments match the given variable template
+/// partial specialization per C++ [temp.class.spec.match].
+/// TODO: Unify with ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl version.
+Sema::TemplateDeductionResult
+Sema::DeduceTemplateArguments(VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Partial,
+                              const TemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs,
+                              TemplateDeductionInfo &Info) {
+  if (Partial->isInvalidDecl())
+    return TDK_Invalid;
+
+  // C++ [temp.class.spec.match]p2:
+  //   A partial specialization matches a given actual template
+  //   argument list if the template arguments of the partial
+  //   specialization can be deduced from the actual template argument
+  //   list (14.8.2).
+
+  // Unevaluated SFINAE context.
+  EnterExpressionEvaluationContext Unevaluated(*this, Sema::Unevaluated);
+  SFINAETrap Trap(*this);
+
+  SmallVector<DeducedTemplateArgument, 4> Deduced;
+  Deduced.resize(Partial->getTemplateParameters()->size());
+  if (TemplateDeductionResult Result = ::DeduceTemplateArguments(
+          *this, Partial->getTemplateParameters(), Partial->getTemplateArgs(),
+          TemplateArgs, Info, Deduced))
+    return Result;
+
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> DeducedArgs(Deduced.begin(), Deduced.end());
+  InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, Partial->getLocation(), Partial,
+                             DeducedArgs, Info);
+  if (Inst)
+    return TDK_InstantiationDepth;
+
+  if (Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+    return Sema::TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
+
+  return ::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(*this, Partial, TemplateArgs,
+                                           Deduced, Info);
+}
+
 /// \brief Determine whether the given type T is a simple-template-id type.
 static bool isSimpleTemplateIdType(QualType T) {
   if (const TemplateSpecializationType *Spec
@@ -4278,6 +4432,63 @@
                                             /*RefParamComparisons=*/0);
   if (Better1) {
     SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> DeducedArgs(Deduced.begin(),Deduced.end());
+    InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, PS2->getLocation(), PS2, DeducedArgs,
+                               Info);
+    Better1 = !::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(
+        *this, PS2, PS1->getTemplateArgs(), Deduced, Info);
+  }
+
+  // Determine whether PS2 is at least as specialized as PS1
+  Deduced.clear();
+  Deduced.resize(PS1->getTemplateParameters()->size());
+  bool Better2 = !DeduceTemplateArgumentsByTypeMatch(
+      *this, PS1->getTemplateParameters(), PT1, PT2, Info, Deduced, TDF_None,
+      /*PartialOrdering=*/true,
+      /*RefParamComparisons=*/0);
+  if (Better2) {
+    SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> DeducedArgs(Deduced.begin(),
+                                                 Deduced.end());
+    InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, PS1->getLocation(), PS1, DeducedArgs,
+                               Info);
+    Better2 = !::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(
+        *this, PS1, PS2->getTemplateArgs(), Deduced, Info);
+  }
+
+  if (Better1 == Better2)
+    return 0;
+
+  return Better1 ? PS1 : PS2;
+}
+
+/// TODO: Unify with ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl version.
+VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *
+Sema::getMoreSpecializedPartialSpecialization(
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PS1,
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PS2, SourceLocation Loc) {
+  SmallVector<DeducedTemplateArgument, 4> Deduced;
+  TemplateDeductionInfo Info(Loc);
+
+  assert(PS1->getSpecializedTemplate() == PS1->getSpecializedTemplate() &&
+         "the partial specializations being compared should specialize"
+         " the same template.");
+  TemplateName Name(PS1->getSpecializedTemplate());
+  TemplateName CanonTemplate = Context.getCanonicalTemplateName(Name);
+  QualType PT1 = Context.getTemplateSpecializationType(
+      CanonTemplate, PS1->getTemplateArgs().data(),
+      PS1->getTemplateArgs().size());
+  QualType PT2 = Context.getTemplateSpecializationType(
+      CanonTemplate, PS2->getTemplateArgs().data(),
+      PS2->getTemplateArgs().size());
+
+  // Determine whether PS1 is at least as specialized as PS2
+  Deduced.resize(PS2->getTemplateParameters()->size());
+  bool Better1 = !DeduceTemplateArgumentsByTypeMatch(
+      *this, PS2->getTemplateParameters(), PT2, PT1, Info, Deduced, TDF_None,
+      /*PartialOrdering=*/true,
+      /*RefParamComparisons=*/0);
+  if (Better1) {
+    SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> DeducedArgs(Deduced.begin(),
+                                                 Deduced.end());
     InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, PS2->getLocation(), PS2,
                                DeducedArgs, Info);
     Better1 = !::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(*this, PS2,
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp
index 57eb64d..25eb72c 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,24 @@
   DeclContext *Ctx = dyn_cast<DeclContext>(D);
   if (!Ctx) {
     Ctx = D->getDeclContext();
-    
+
+    // Add template arguments from a variable template instantiation.
+    if (VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Spec =
+            dyn_cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(D)) {
+      // We're done when we hit an explicit specialization.
+      if (Spec->getSpecializationKind() == TSK_ExplicitSpecialization &&
+          !isa<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl>(Spec))
+        return Result;
+
+      Result.addOuterTemplateArguments(&Spec->getTemplateInstantiationArgs());
+
+      // If this variable template specialization was instantiated from a
+      // specialized member that is a variable template, we're done.
+      assert(Spec->getSpecializedTemplate() && "No variable template?");
+      if (Spec->getSpecializedTemplate()->isMemberSpecialization())
+        return Result;
+    }
+
     // If we have a template template parameter with translation unit context,
     // then we're performing substitution into a default template argument of
     // this template template parameter before we've constructed the template
@@ -292,6 +309,29 @@
   }
 }
 
+Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
+    Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PartialSpec,
+    ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
+    sema::TemplateDeductionInfo &DeductionInfo, SourceRange InstantiationRange)
+    : SemaRef(SemaRef), SavedInNonInstantiationSFINAEContext(
+                            SemaRef.InNonInstantiationSFINAEContext) {
+  Invalid = CheckInstantiationDepth(PointOfInstantiation, InstantiationRange);
+  if (!Invalid) {
+    ActiveTemplateInstantiation Inst;
+    Inst.Kind =
+        ActiveTemplateInstantiation::DeducedTemplateArgumentSubstitution;
+    Inst.PointOfInstantiation = PointOfInstantiation;
+    Inst.Entity = PartialSpec;
+    Inst.TemplateArgs = TemplateArgs.data();
+    Inst.NumTemplateArgs = TemplateArgs.size();
+    Inst.DeductionInfo = &DeductionInfo;
+    Inst.InstantiationRange = InstantiationRange;
+    SemaRef.InNonInstantiationSFINAEContext = false;
+    SemaRef.ActiveTemplateInstantiations.push_back(Inst);
+  }
+}
+
 Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::
 InstantiatingTemplate(Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
                       ParmVarDecl *Param,
diff --git a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp
index 5207522..b93fe9a 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp
@@ -318,7 +318,13 @@
   return Inst;
 }
 
+// FIXME: Revise for static member templates.
 Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *D) {
+  return VisitVarDecl(D, /*ForVarTemplate=*/false);
+}
+
+Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *D, bool ForVarTemplate) {
+
   // If this is the variable for an anonymous struct or union,
   // instantiate the anonymous struct/union type first.
   if (const RecordType *RecordTy = D->getType()->getAs<RecordType>())
@@ -340,105 +346,22 @@
     return 0;
   }
 
-  // Build the instantiated declaration
-  VarDecl *Var = VarDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, Owner,
-                                 D->getInnerLocStart(),
+  // Build the instantiated declaration.
+  VarDecl *Var = VarDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, Owner, D->getInnerLocStart(),
                                  D->getLocation(), D->getIdentifier(),
-                                 DI->getType(), DI,
-                                 D->getStorageClass());
-  Var->setTSCSpec(D->getTSCSpec());
-  Var->setInitStyle(D->getInitStyle());
-  Var->setCXXForRangeDecl(D->isCXXForRangeDecl());
-  Var->setConstexpr(D->isConstexpr());
+                                 DI->getType(), DI, D->getStorageClass());
 
-  // Substitute the nested name specifier, if any.
-  if (SubstQualifier(D, Var))
-    return 0;
-
-  // If we are instantiating a static data member defined
-  // out-of-line, the instantiation will have the same lexical
-  // context (which will be a namespace scope) as the template.
-  if (D->isOutOfLine())
-    Var->setLexicalDeclContext(D->getLexicalDeclContext());
-
-  Var->setAccess(D->getAccess());
-
-  if (!D->isStaticDataMember()) {
-    Var->setUsed(D->isUsed(false));
-    Var->setReferenced(D->isReferenced());
-  }
-
-  SemaRef.InstantiateAttrs(TemplateArgs, D, Var, LateAttrs, StartingScope);
-
-  if (Var->hasAttrs())
-    SemaRef.CheckAlignasUnderalignment(Var);
-
-  // FIXME: In theory, we could have a previous declaration for variables that
-  // are not static data members.
-  // FIXME: having to fake up a LookupResult is dumb.
-  LookupResult Previous(SemaRef, Var->getDeclName(), Var->getLocation(),
-                        Sema::LookupOrdinaryName, Sema::ForRedeclaration);
-  if (D->isStaticDataMember())
-    SemaRef.LookupQualifiedName(Previous, Owner, false);
-  
   // In ARC, infer 'retaining' for variables of retainable type.
   if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().ObjCAutoRefCount && 
       SemaRef.inferObjCARCLifetime(Var))
     Var->setInvalidDecl();
 
-  SemaRef.CheckVariableDeclaration(Var, Previous);
+  // Substitute the nested name specifier, if any.
+  if (SubstQualifier(D, Var))
+    return 0;
 
-  if (D->isOutOfLine()) {
-    D->getLexicalDeclContext()->addDecl(Var);
-    Owner->makeDeclVisibleInContext(Var);
-  } else {
-    Owner->addDecl(Var);
-    if (Owner->isFunctionOrMethod())
-      SemaRef.CurrentInstantiationScope->InstantiatedLocal(D, Var);
-  }
-
-  // Link instantiations of static data members back to the template from
-  // which they were instantiated.
-  if (Var->isStaticDataMember())
-    SemaRef.Context.setInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember(Var, D,
-                                                     TSK_ImplicitInstantiation);
-
-  if (Var->getAnyInitializer()) {
-    // We already have an initializer in the class.
-  } else if (D->getInit()) {
-    if (Var->isStaticDataMember() && !D->isOutOfLine())
-      SemaRef.PushExpressionEvaluationContext(Sema::ConstantEvaluated, D);
-    else
-      SemaRef.PushExpressionEvaluationContext(Sema::PotentiallyEvaluated, D);
-
-    // Instantiate the initializer.
-    ExprResult Init = SemaRef.SubstInitializer(D->getInit(), TemplateArgs,
-                                        D->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CallInit);
-    if (!Init.isInvalid()) {
-      bool TypeMayContainAuto = true;
-      if (Init.get()) {
-        bool DirectInit = D->isDirectInit();
-        SemaRef.AddInitializerToDecl(Var, Init.take(), DirectInit,
-                                     TypeMayContainAuto);
-      } else
-        SemaRef.ActOnUninitializedDecl(Var, TypeMayContainAuto);
-    } else {
-      // FIXME: Not too happy about invalidating the declaration
-      // because of a bogus initializer.
-      Var->setInvalidDecl();
-    }
-
-    SemaRef.PopExpressionEvaluationContext();
-  } else if ((!Var->isStaticDataMember() || Var->isOutOfLine()) &&
-             !Var->isCXXForRangeDecl())
-    SemaRef.ActOnUninitializedDecl(Var, false);
-
-  // Diagnose unused local variables with dependent types, where the diagnostic
-  // will have been deferred.
-  if (!Var->isInvalidDecl() && Owner->isFunctionOrMethod() && !Var->isUsed() &&
-      D->getType()->isDependentType())
-    SemaRef.DiagnoseUnusedDecl(Var);
-
+  SemaRef.BuildVariableInstantiation(Var, D, TemplateArgs, LateAttrs,
+                                     StartingScope, ForVarTemplate);
   return Var;
 }
 
@@ -1026,6 +949,102 @@
   return InstantiateClassTemplatePartialSpecialization(InstClassTemplate, D);
 }
 
+Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarTemplateDecl(VarTemplateDecl *D) {
+  assert(D->getTemplatedDecl()->isStaticDataMember() &&
+         "Only static data member templates are allowed.");
+  // FIXME: Also only when instantiating a class?
+
+  // Create a local instantiation scope for this variable template, which
+  // will contain the instantiations of the template parameters.
+  LocalInstantiationScope Scope(SemaRef);
+  TemplateParameterList *TempParams = D->getTemplateParameters();
+  TemplateParameterList *InstParams = SubstTemplateParams(TempParams);
+  if (!InstParams)
+    return NULL;
+
+  VarDecl *Pattern = D->getTemplatedDecl();
+  VarTemplateDecl *PrevVarTemplate = 0;
+
+  if (Pattern->getPreviousDecl()) {
+    DeclContext::lookup_result Found = Owner->lookup(Pattern->getDeclName());
+    if (!Found.empty())
+      PrevVarTemplate = dyn_cast<VarTemplateDecl>(Found.front());
+  }
+
+  // FIXME: This, and ForVarTemplate, is a hack that is probably unnecessary.
+  // We should use a simplified version of VisitVarDecl.
+  VarDecl *VarInst = cast_or_null<VarDecl>(VisitVarDecl(Pattern, /*ForVarTemplate=*/true));
+
+  DeclContext *DC = Owner;
+
+  /* FIXME: This should be handled in VisitVarDecl, as used to produce
+     VarInst above.
+  // Instantiate the qualifier.
+  NestedNameSpecifierLoc QualifierLoc = Pattern->getQualifierLoc();
+  if (QualifierLoc) {
+    QualifierLoc =
+        SemaRef.SubstNestedNameSpecifierLoc(QualifierLoc, TemplateArgs);
+    if (!QualifierLoc)
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (QualifierLoc)
+    VarInst->setQualifierInfo(QualifierLoc);
+  */
+
+  VarTemplateDecl *Inst = VarTemplateDecl::Create(
+      SemaRef.Context, DC, D->getLocation(), D->getIdentifier(), InstParams,
+      VarInst, PrevVarTemplate);
+  VarInst->setDescribedVarTemplate(Inst);
+
+  Inst->setAccess(D->getAccess());
+  if (!PrevVarTemplate)
+    Inst->setInstantiatedFromMemberTemplate(D);
+
+  if (D->isOutOfLine()) {
+    Inst->setLexicalDeclContext(D->getLexicalDeclContext());
+    VarInst->setLexicalDeclContext(D->getLexicalDeclContext());
+  }
+
+  Owner->addDecl(Inst);
+
+  if (!PrevVarTemplate) {
+    // Queue up any out-of-line partial specializations of this member
+    // variable template; the client will force their instantiation once
+    // the enclosing class has been instantiated.
+    SmallVector<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *, 4> PartialSpecs;
+    D->getPartialSpecializations(PartialSpecs);
+    for (unsigned I = 0, N = PartialSpecs.size(); I != N; ++I)
+      if (PartialSpecs[I]->isOutOfLine())
+        OutOfLineVarPartialSpecs.push_back(
+            std::make_pair(Inst, PartialSpecs[I]));
+  }
+
+  return Inst;
+}
+
+Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl(
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *D) {
+  assert(D->isStaticDataMember() &&
+         "Only static data member templates are allowed.");
+  // FIXME: Also only when instantiating a class?
+
+  VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate = D->getSpecializedTemplate();
+
+  // Lookup the already-instantiated declaration and return that.
+  DeclContext::lookup_result Found = Owner->lookup(VarTemplate->getDeclName());
+  assert(!Found.empty() && "Instantiation found nothing?");
+
+  VarTemplateDecl *InstVarTemplate = dyn_cast<VarTemplateDecl>(Found.front());
+  assert(InstVarTemplate && "Instantiation did not find a variable template?");
+
+  if (VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *Result =
+          InstVarTemplate->findPartialSpecInstantiatedFromMember(D))
+    return Result;
+
+  return InstantiateVarTemplatePartialSpecialization(InstVarTemplate, D);
+}
+
 Decl *
 TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FunctionTemplateDecl *D) {
   // Create a local instantiation scope for this function template, which
@@ -2256,6 +2275,87 @@
                    "inside templates");
 }
 
+Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+    VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *D) {
+
+  TemplateArgumentListInfo VarTemplateArgsInfo;
+  VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate = D->getSpecializedTemplate();
+  assert(VarTemplate &&
+         "A template specialization without specialized template?");
+
+  // Substitute the current template arguments.
+  const TemplateArgumentListInfo &TemplateArgsInfo = D->getTemplateArgsInfo();
+  VarTemplateArgsInfo.setLAngleLoc(TemplateArgsInfo.getLAngleLoc());
+  VarTemplateArgsInfo.setRAngleLoc(TemplateArgsInfo.getRAngleLoc());
+
+  if (SemaRef.Subst(TemplateArgsInfo.getArgumentArray(),
+                    TemplateArgsInfo.size(), VarTemplateArgsInfo, TemplateArgs))
+    return 0;
+
+  // Check that the template argument list is well-formed for this template.
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Converted;
+  bool ExpansionIntoFixedList = false;
+  if (SemaRef.CheckTemplateArgumentList(
+          VarTemplate, VarTemplate->getLocStart(),
+          const_cast<TemplateArgumentListInfo &>(VarTemplateArgsInfo), false,
+          Converted, &ExpansionIntoFixedList))
+    return 0;
+
+  // Find the variable template specialization declaration that
+  // corresponds to these arguments.
+  void *InsertPos = 0;
+  if (VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec = VarTemplate->findSpecialization(
+          Converted.data(), Converted.size(), InsertPos))
+    // If we already have a variable template specialization, return it.
+    return VarSpec;
+
+  return VisitVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(VarTemplate, D, InsertPos,
+                                            VarTemplateArgsInfo, Converted);
+}
+
+Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+    VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate, VarDecl *D, void *InsertPos,
+    const TemplateArgumentListInfo &TemplateArgsInfo,
+    SmallVectorImpl<TemplateArgument> &Converted) {
+
+  // If this is the variable for an anonymous struct or union,
+  // instantiate the anonymous struct/union type first.
+  if (const RecordType *RecordTy = D->getType()->getAs<RecordType>())
+    if (RecordTy->getDecl()->isAnonymousStructOrUnion())
+      if (!VisitCXXRecordDecl(cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RecordTy->getDecl())))
+        return 0;
+
+  // Do substitution on the type of the declaration
+  TypeSourceInfo *DI =
+      SemaRef.SubstType(D->getTypeSourceInfo(), TemplateArgs,
+                        D->getTypeSpecStartLoc(), D->getDeclName());
+  if (!DI)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (DI->getType()->isFunctionType()) {
+    SemaRef.Diag(D->getLocation(), diag::err_variable_instantiates_to_function)
+        << D->isStaticDataMember() << DI->getType();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Build the instantiated declaration
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Var = VarTemplateSpecializationDecl::Create(
+      SemaRef.Context, Owner, D->getInnerLocStart(), D->getLocation(),
+      VarTemplate, DI->getType(), DI, D->getStorageClass(), Converted.data(),
+      Converted.size());
+  Var->setTemplateArgsInfo(TemplateArgsInfo);
+  VarTemplate->AddSpecialization(Var, InsertPos);
+
+  // Substitute the nested name specifier, if any.
+  if (SubstQualifier(D, Var))
+    return 0;
+
+  SemaRef.BuildVariableInstantiation(Var, D, TemplateArgs, LateAttrs,
+                                     StartingScope);
+
+  return Var;
+}
+
 Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitObjCAtDefsFieldDecl(ObjCAtDefsFieldDecl *D) {
   llvm_unreachable("@defs is not supported in Objective-C++");
 }
@@ -2442,6 +2542,134 @@
   return InstPartialSpec;
 }
 
+/// \brief Instantiate the declaration of a variable template partial
+/// specialization.
+///
+/// \param VarTemplate the (instantiated) variable template that is partially
+/// specialized by the instantiation of \p PartialSpec.
+///
+/// \param PartialSpec the (uninstantiated) variable template partial
+/// specialization that we are instantiating.
+///
+/// \returns The instantiated partial specialization, if successful; otherwise,
+/// NULL to indicate an error.
+VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *
+TemplateDeclInstantiator::InstantiateVarTemplatePartialSpecialization(
+    VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate,
+    VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PartialSpec) {
+  // Create a local instantiation scope for this variable template partial
+  // specialization, which will contain the instantiations of the template
+  // parameters.
+  LocalInstantiationScope Scope(SemaRef);
+
+  // Substitute into the template parameters of the variable template partial
+  // specialization.
+  TemplateParameterList *TempParams = PartialSpec->getTemplateParameters();
+  TemplateParameterList *InstParams = SubstTemplateParams(TempParams);
+  if (!InstParams)
+    return 0;
+
+  // Substitute into the template arguments of the variable template partial
+  // specialization.
+  TemplateArgumentListInfo InstTemplateArgs; // no angle locations
+  if (SemaRef.Subst(PartialSpec->getTemplateArgsAsWritten(),
+                    PartialSpec->getNumTemplateArgsAsWritten(),
+                    InstTemplateArgs, TemplateArgs))
+    return 0;
+
+  // Check that the template argument list is well-formed for this
+  // class template.
+  SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Converted;
+  if (SemaRef.CheckTemplateArgumentList(VarTemplate, PartialSpec->getLocation(),
+                                        InstTemplateArgs, false, Converted))
+    return 0;
+
+  // Figure out where to insert this variable template partial specialization
+  // in the member template's set of variable template partial specializations.
+  void *InsertPos = 0;
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *PrevDecl =
+      VarTemplate->findPartialSpecialization(Converted.data(), Converted.size(),
+                                             InsertPos);
+
+  // Build the canonical type that describes the converted template
+  // arguments of the variable template partial specialization.
+  QualType CanonType = SemaRef.Context.getTemplateSpecializationType(
+      TemplateName(VarTemplate), Converted.data(), Converted.size());
+
+  // Build the fully-sugared type for this variable template
+  // specialization as the user wrote in the specialization
+  // itself. This means that we'll pretty-print the type retrieved
+  // from the specialization's declaration the way that the user
+  // actually wrote the specialization, rather than formatting the
+  // name based on the "canonical" representation used to store the
+  // template arguments in the specialization.
+  TypeSourceInfo *WrittenTy = SemaRef.Context.getTemplateSpecializationTypeInfo(
+      TemplateName(VarTemplate), PartialSpec->getLocation(), InstTemplateArgs,
+      CanonType);
+
+  if (PrevDecl) {
+    // We've already seen a partial specialization with the same template
+    // parameters and template arguments. This can happen, for example, when
+    // substituting the outer template arguments ends up causing two
+    // variable template partial specializations of a member variable template
+    // to have identical forms, e.g.,
+    //
+    //   template<typename T, typename U>
+    //   struct Outer {
+    //     template<typename X, typename Y> pair<X,Y> p;
+    //     template<typename Y> pair<T, Y> p;
+    //     template<typename Y> pair<U, Y> p;
+    //   };
+    //
+    //   Outer<int, int> outer; // error: the partial specializations of Inner
+    //                          // have the same signature.
+    SemaRef.Diag(PartialSpec->getLocation(),
+                 diag::err_var_partial_spec_redeclared)
+        << WrittenTy->getType();
+    SemaRef.Diag(PrevDecl->getLocation(),
+                 diag::note_var_prev_partial_spec_here);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Do substitution on the type of the declaration
+  TypeSourceInfo *DI = SemaRef.SubstType(
+      PartialSpec->getTypeSourceInfo(), TemplateArgs,
+      PartialSpec->getTypeSpecStartLoc(), PartialSpec->getDeclName());
+  if (!DI)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (DI->getType()->isFunctionType()) {
+    SemaRef.Diag(PartialSpec->getLocation(),
+                 diag::err_variable_instantiates_to_function)
+        << PartialSpec->isStaticDataMember() << DI->getType();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Create the variable template partial specialization declaration.
+  VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *InstPartialSpec =
+      VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl::Create(
+          SemaRef.Context, Owner, PartialSpec->getInnerLocStart(),
+          PartialSpec->getLocation(), InstParams, VarTemplate, DI->getType(),
+          DI, PartialSpec->getStorageClass(), Converted.data(),
+          Converted.size(), InstTemplateArgs,
+          VarTemplate->getNextPartialSpecSequenceNumber());
+
+  // Substitute the nested name specifier, if any.
+  if (SubstQualifier(PartialSpec, InstPartialSpec))
+    return 0;
+
+  InstPartialSpec->setInstantiatedFromMember(PartialSpec);
+  InstPartialSpec->setTypeAsWritten(WrittenTy);
+
+  InstPartialSpec->setAccess(PartialSpec->getAccess());
+  // FIXME: How much of BuildVariableInstantiation() should go in here?
+
+  // Add this partial specialization to the set of variable template partial
+  // specializations. The instantiation of the initializer is not necessary.
+  VarTemplate->AddPartialSpecialization(InstPartialSpec, /*InsertPos=*/0);
+  return InstPartialSpec;
+}
+
 TypeSourceInfo*
 TemplateDeclInstantiator::SubstFunctionType(FunctionDecl *D,
                               SmallVectorImpl<ParmVarDecl *> &Params) {
@@ -3026,6 +3254,167 @@
                             PendingLocalImplicitInstantiations);
 }
 
+VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Sema::BuildVarTemplateInstantiation(
+    VarTemplateDecl *VarTemplate, VarDecl *FromVar,
+    const TemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgList,
+    const TemplateArgumentListInfo &TemplateArgsInfo,
+    SmallVectorImpl<TemplateArgument> &Converted,
+    SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation, void *InsertPos,
+    LateInstantiatedAttrVec *LateAttrs,
+    LocalInstantiationScope *StartingScope) {
+  if (FromVar->isInvalidDecl())
+    return 0;
+
+  InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, PointOfInstantiation, FromVar);
+  if (Inst)
+    return 0;
+
+  MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList TemplateArgLists;
+  TemplateArgLists.addOuterTemplateArguments(&TemplateArgList);
+
+  TemplateDeclInstantiator Instantiator(
+      *this, VarTemplate->getDeclContext(),
+      MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList(TemplateArgList));
+
+  // TODO: Set LateAttrs and StartingScope ...
+
+  return cast_or_null<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(
+      Instantiator.VisitVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+          VarTemplate, FromVar, InsertPos, TemplateArgsInfo, Converted));
+}
+
+/// \brief Instantiates a variable template specialization by completing it
+/// with appropriate type information and initializer.
+VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *Sema::CompleteVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+    VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec, VarDecl *PatternDecl,
+    const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
+
+  // Do substitution on the type of the declaration
+  TypeSourceInfo *DI =
+      SubstType(PatternDecl->getTypeSourceInfo(), TemplateArgs,
+                PatternDecl->getTypeSpecStartLoc(), PatternDecl->getDeclName());
+  if (!DI)
+    return 0;
+
+  // Update the type of this variable template specialization.
+  VarSpec->setType(DI->getType());
+
+  // Instantiate the initializer.
+  InstantiateVariableInitializer(VarSpec, PatternDecl, TemplateArgs);
+
+  return VarSpec;
+}
+
+/// BuildVariableInstantiation - Used after a new variable has been created.
+/// Sets basic variable data and decides whether to postpone the
+/// variable instantiation.
+void Sema::BuildVariableInstantiation(
+    VarDecl *NewVar, VarDecl *OldVar,
+    const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs,
+    LateInstantiatedAttrVec *LateAttrs,
+    LocalInstantiationScope *StartingScope,
+    bool ForVarTemplate) {
+
+  // If we are instantiating a static data member defined
+  // out-of-line, the instantiation will have the same lexical
+  // context (which will be a namespace scope) as the template.
+  if (OldVar->isOutOfLine())
+    NewVar->setLexicalDeclContext(OldVar->getLexicalDeclContext());
+  NewVar->setTSCSpec(OldVar->getTSCSpec());
+  NewVar->setInitStyle(OldVar->getInitStyle());
+  NewVar->setCXXForRangeDecl(OldVar->isCXXForRangeDecl());
+  NewVar->setConstexpr(OldVar->isConstexpr());
+  NewVar->setAccess(OldVar->getAccess());
+
+  if (!OldVar->isStaticDataMember()) {
+    NewVar->setUsed(OldVar->isUsed(false));
+    NewVar->setReferenced(OldVar->isReferenced());
+  }
+
+  InstantiateAttrs(TemplateArgs, OldVar, NewVar, LateAttrs, StartingScope);
+
+  if (NewVar->hasAttrs())
+    CheckAlignasUnderalignment(NewVar);
+
+  // FIXME: In theory, we could have a previous declaration for variables that
+  // are not static data members.
+  // FIXME: having to fake up a LookupResult is dumb.
+  LookupResult Previous(*this, NewVar->getDeclName(), NewVar->getLocation(),
+                        Sema::LookupOrdinaryName, Sema::ForRedeclaration);
+
+  if (!isa<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(NewVar))
+    LookupQualifiedName(Previous, NewVar->getDeclContext(), false);
+
+  CheckVariableDeclaration(NewVar, Previous);
+
+  if (OldVar->isOutOfLine()) {
+    OldVar->getLexicalDeclContext()->addDecl(NewVar);
+    if (!ForVarTemplate)
+      NewVar->getDeclContext()->makeDeclVisibleInContext(NewVar);
+  } else {
+    if (!ForVarTemplate)
+      NewVar->getDeclContext()->addDecl(NewVar);
+    if (NewVar->getDeclContext()->isFunctionOrMethod())
+      CurrentInstantiationScope->InstantiatedLocal(OldVar, NewVar);
+  }
+
+  // Link instantiations of static data members back to the template from
+  // which they were instantiated.
+  if (NewVar->isStaticDataMember() && !ForVarTemplate)
+    NewVar->setInstantiationOfStaticDataMember(OldVar,
+                                               TSK_ImplicitInstantiation);
+
+  if (isa<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(NewVar)) {
+    // Do not instantiate the variable just yet.
+  } else
+    InstantiateVariableInitializer(NewVar, OldVar, TemplateArgs);
+
+  // Diagnose unused local variables with dependent types, where the diagnostic
+  // will have been deferred.
+  if (!NewVar->isInvalidDecl() &&
+      NewVar->getDeclContext()->isFunctionOrMethod() && !NewVar->isUsed() &&
+      OldVar->getType()->isDependentType())
+    DiagnoseUnusedDecl(NewVar);
+}
+
+/// \brief Instantiate the initializer of a variable.
+void Sema::InstantiateVariableInitializer(
+    VarDecl *Var, VarDecl *OldVar,
+    const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
+
+  if (Var->getAnyInitializer())
+    // We already have an initializer in the class.
+    return;
+
+  if (OldVar->getInit()) {
+    if (Var->isStaticDataMember() && !OldVar->isOutOfLine())
+      PushExpressionEvaluationContext(Sema::ConstantEvaluated, OldVar);
+    else
+      PushExpressionEvaluationContext(Sema::PotentiallyEvaluated, OldVar);
+
+    // Instantiate the initializer.
+    ExprResult Init =
+        SubstInitializer(OldVar->getInit(), TemplateArgs,
+                         OldVar->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CallInit);
+    if (!Init.isInvalid()) {
+      bool TypeMayContainAuto = true;
+      if (Init.get()) {
+        bool DirectInit = OldVar->isDirectInit();
+        AddInitializerToDecl(Var, Init.take(), DirectInit, TypeMayContainAuto);
+      } else
+        ActOnUninitializedDecl(Var, TypeMayContainAuto);
+    } else {
+      // FIXME: Not too happy about invalidating the declaration
+      // because of a bogus initializer.
+      Var->setInvalidDecl();
+    }
+
+    PopExpressionEvaluationContext();
+  } else if ((!Var->isStaticDataMember() || Var->isOutOfLine()) &&
+             !Var->isCXXForRangeDecl())
+    ActOnUninitializedDecl(Var, false);
+}
+
 /// \brief Instantiate the definition of the given variable from its
 /// template.
 ///
@@ -3047,26 +3436,76 @@
                                                  VarDecl *Var,
                                                  bool Recursive,
                                                  bool DefinitionRequired) {
+  InstantiateVariableDefinition(PointOfInstantiation, Var, Recursive,
+                                DefinitionRequired);
+}
+
+void Sema::InstantiateVariableDefinition(SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
+                                         VarDecl *Var, bool Recursive,
+                                         bool DefinitionRequired) {
+
   if (Var->isInvalidDecl())
     return;
 
-  // Find the out-of-line definition of this static data member.
-  VarDecl *Def = Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember();
-  assert(Def && "This data member was not instantiated from a template?");
-  assert(Def->isStaticDataMember() && "Not a static data member?");
-  Def = Def->getOutOfLineDefinition();
+  VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec =
+      dyn_cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(Var);
+  assert((VarSpec || Var->isStaticDataMember()) &&
+         "Not a static data member, nor a variable template specialization?");
+  VarDecl *PatternDecl = 0;
 
-  if (!Def) {
-    // We did not find an out-of-line definition of this static data member,
-    // so we won't perform any instantiation. Rather, we rely on the user to
-    // instantiate this definition (or provide a specialization for it) in
-    // another translation unit.
+  // If this is a variable template specialization, make sure that it is
+  // non-dependent, then find its instantiation pattern.
+  if (VarSpec) {
+    bool InstantiationDependent = false;
+    assert(!TemplateSpecializationType::anyDependentTemplateArguments(
+               VarSpec->getTemplateArgsInfo(), InstantiationDependent) &&
+           "Only instantiate variable template specializations that are "
+           "not type-dependent");
+
+    // Find the variable initialization that we'll be substituting.
+    assert(VarSpec->getSpecializedTemplate() &&
+           "Specialization without specialized template?");
+    llvm::PointerUnion<VarTemplateDecl *,
+                       VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *> PatternPtr =
+        VarSpec->getSpecializedTemplateOrPartial();
+    if (PatternPtr.is<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *>())
+      PatternDecl = cast<VarDecl>(
+          PatternPtr.get<VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *>());
+    else
+      PatternDecl = (PatternPtr.get<VarTemplateDecl *>())->getTemplatedDecl();
+    assert(PatternDecl && "instantiating a non-template");
+  }
+
+  // If this is a static data member, find its out-of-line definition.
+  VarDecl *Def = Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember();
+  if (Var->isStaticDataMember()) {
+    assert(Def && "This data member was not instantiated from a template?");
+    assert(Def->isStaticDataMember() && "Not a static data member?");
+    Def = Def->getOutOfLineDefinition();
+  }
+
+  // If the instantiation pattern does not have an initializer, or if an
+  // out-of-line definition is not found, we won't perform any instantiation.
+  // Rather, we rely on the user to instantiate this definition (or provide
+  // a specialization for it) in another translation unit.
+  if ((VarSpec && !PatternDecl->getInit()) ||
+      (!VarSpec && Var->isStaticDataMember() && !Def)) {
     if (DefinitionRequired) {
-      Def = Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember();
-      Diag(PointOfInstantiation,
-           diag::err_explicit_instantiation_undefined_member)
-        << 2 << Var->getDeclName() << Var->getDeclContext();
-      Diag(Def->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
+      if (!Var->isStaticDataMember()) {
+        Diag(PointOfInstantiation,
+             diag::err_explicit_instantiation_undefined_var_template)
+            << PatternDecl;
+        Diag(PatternDecl->getLocation(),
+             diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
+      } else {
+        Def = Var->getInstantiatedFromStaticDataMember();
+        Diag(PointOfInstantiation,
+             diag::err_explicit_instantiation_undefined_member)
+            << 3 << Var->getDeclName() << Var->getDeclContext();
+        Diag(Def->getLocation(), diag::note_explicit_instantiation_here);
+      }
+      if (VarSpec)
+        Var->setInvalidDecl();
     } else if (Var->getTemplateSpecializationKind()
                  == TSK_ExplicitInstantiationDefinition) {
       PendingInstantiations.push_back(
@@ -3086,6 +3525,11 @@
   //   Except for inline functions, other explicit instantiation declarations
   //   have the effect of suppressing the implicit instantiation of the entity
   //   to which they refer.
+  //
+  // C++11 [temp.explicit]p10:
+  //   Except for inline functions, [...] explicit instantiation declarations
+  //   have the effect of suppressing the implicit instantiation of the entity
+  //   to which they refer.
   if (TSK == TSK_ExplicitInstantiationDeclaration)
     return;
 
@@ -3098,17 +3542,24 @@
       : Consumer(Consumer), Var(Var) { }
 
     ~PassToConsumerRAII() {
-      Consumer.HandleCXXStaticMemberVarInstantiation(Var);
+      if (Var->isStaticDataMember())
+        Consumer.HandleCXXStaticMemberVarInstantiation(Var);
+      else {
+        DeclGroupRef DG(Var);
+        Consumer.HandleTopLevelDecl(DG);
+      }
     }
   } PassToConsumerRAII(Consumer, Var);
 
-  // If we already have a definition, we're done.
-  if (VarDecl *Def = Var->getDefinition()) {
-    // We may be explicitly instantiating something we've already implicitly
-    // instantiated.
-    Def->setTemplateSpecializationKind(Var->getTemplateSpecializationKind(),
-                                       PointOfInstantiation);
-    return;
+  if (!VarSpec) {
+    // If we already have a definition, we're done.
+    if (VarDecl *Def = Var->getDefinition()) {
+      // We may be explicitly instantiating something we've already implicitly
+      // instantiated.
+      Def->setTemplateSpecializationKind(Var->getTemplateSpecializationKind(),
+                                         PointOfInstantiation);
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
   InstantiatingTemplate Inst(*this, PointOfInstantiation, Var);
@@ -3127,22 +3578,41 @@
 
   // Enter the scope of this instantiation. We don't use
   // PushDeclContext because we don't have a scope.
-  ContextRAII previousContext(*this, Var->getDeclContext());
+  ContextRAII PreviousContext(*this, Var->getDeclContext());
   LocalInstantiationScope Local(*this);
-  
-  VarDecl *OldVar = Var;
-  Var = cast_or_null<VarDecl>(SubstDecl(Def, Var->getDeclContext(),
-                                        getTemplateInstantiationArgs(Var)));
 
-  previousContext.pop();
+  VarDecl *OldVar = Var;
+  if (!VarSpec)
+    Var = cast_or_null<VarDecl>(SubstDecl(Def, Var->getDeclContext(),
+                                          getTemplateInstantiationArgs(Var)));
+  else
+    // Construct a VarTemplateSpecializationDecl to avoid name clashing with
+    // the primary template. (Note that unlike function declarations, variable
+    // declarations cannot be overloaded.)
+    // In fact, there is no need to construct a new declaration from scratch.
+    // Thus, simply complete its definition with an appropriately substituted
+    // type and initializer.
+    Var = CompleteVarTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+        VarSpec, PatternDecl, getTemplateInstantiationArgs(Var));
+
+  PreviousContext.pop();
 
   if (Var) {
-    PassToConsumerRAII.Var = Var;
     MemberSpecializationInfo *MSInfo = OldVar->getMemberSpecializationInfo();
-    assert(MSInfo && "Missing member specialization information?");
-    Var->setTemplateSpecializationKind(MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind(),
-                                       MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation());
+    if (!VarSpec)
+      assert(MSInfo && "Missing member specialization information?");
+
+    PassToConsumerRAII.Var = Var;
+    if (MSInfo)
+      Var->setTemplateSpecializationKind(
+          MSInfo->getTemplateSpecializationKind(),
+          MSInfo->getPointOfInstantiation());
   }
+
+  // This variable may have local implicit instantiations that need to be
+  // instantiated within this scope.
+  PerformPendingInstantiations(/*LocalOnly=*/true);
+
   Local.Exit();
   
   if (Recursive) {
@@ -3155,14 +3625,12 @@
 
     // Restore the set of pending vtables.
     assert(VTableUses.empty() &&
-           "VTableUses should be empty before it is discarded, "
-           "while instantiating static data member.");
+           "VTableUses should be empty before it is discarded.");
     VTableUses.swap(SavedVTableUses);
 
     // Restore the set of pending implicit instantiations.
     assert(PendingInstantiations.empty() &&
-           "PendingInstantiations should be empty before it is discarded, "
-           "while instantiating static data member.");
+           "PendingInstantiations should be empty before it is discarded.");
     PendingInstantiations.swap(SavedPendingInstantiations);
   }
 }
@@ -3593,6 +4061,20 @@
     return cast<LabelDecl>(Inst);
   }
 
+  // For variable template specializations, update those that are still
+  // type-dependent.
+  if (VarTemplateSpecializationDecl *VarSpec =
+          dyn_cast<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(D)) {
+    bool InstantiationDependent = false;
+    const TemplateArgumentListInfo &VarTemplateArgs =
+        VarSpec->getTemplateArgsInfo();
+    if (TemplateSpecializationType::anyDependentTemplateArguments(
+            VarTemplateArgs, InstantiationDependent))
+      D = cast<NamedDecl>(
+          SubstDecl(D, VarSpec->getDeclContext(), TemplateArgs));
+    return D;
+  }
+
   if (CXXRecordDecl *Record = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(D)) {
     if (!Record->isDependentContext())
       return D;
@@ -3605,7 +4087,7 @@
     else if (ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PartialSpec
                = dyn_cast<ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl>(Record))
       ClassTemplate = PartialSpec->getSpecializedTemplate()->getCanonicalDecl();
-    
+
     // Walk the current context to find either the record or an instantiation of
     // it.
     DeclContext *DC = CurContext;
@@ -3614,7 +4096,7 @@
       // definition, we'll find our own context. We're done.
       if (DC->Equals(Record))
         return Record;
-      
+
       if (CXXRecordDecl *InstRecord = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC)) {
         // Check whether we're in the process of instantiating a class template
         // specialization of the template we're mapping.
@@ -3624,13 +4106,12 @@
           if (ClassTemplate && isInstantiationOf(ClassTemplate, SpecTemplate))
             return InstRecord;
         }
-      
+
         // Check whether we're in the process of instantiating a member class.
         if (isInstantiationOf(Record, InstRecord))
           return InstRecord;
       }
-      
-      
+
       // Move to the outer template scope.
       if (FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(DC)) {
         if (FD->getFriendObjectKind() && FD->getDeclContext()->isFileContext()){
@@ -3638,7 +4119,7 @@
           continue;
         }
       }
-      
+
       DC = DC->getParent();
     }
 
@@ -3771,9 +4252,13 @@
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Instantiate static data member definitions.
+    // Instantiate variable definitions
     VarDecl *Var = cast<VarDecl>(Inst.first);
-    assert(Var->isStaticDataMember() && "Not a static data member?");
+
+    assert((Var->isStaticDataMember() ||
+            isa<VarTemplateSpecializationDecl>(Var)) &&
+           "Not a static data member, nor a variable template"
+           " specialization?");
 
     // Don't try to instantiate declarations if the most recent redeclaration
     // is invalid.
@@ -3796,14 +4281,15 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    PrettyDeclStackTraceEntry CrashInfo(*this, Var, Var->getLocation(),
-                                        "instantiating static data member "
-                                        "definition");
-
+    PrettyDeclStackTraceEntry CrashInfo(*this, Var, SourceLocation(),
+                                        "instantiating variable definition");
     bool DefinitionRequired = Var->getTemplateSpecializationKind() ==
                               TSK_ExplicitInstantiationDefinition;
-    InstantiateStaticDataMemberDefinition(/*FIXME:*/Inst.second, Var, true,
-                                          DefinitionRequired);
+
+    // Instantiate static data member definitions or variable template
+    // specializations.
+    InstantiateVariableDefinition(/*FIXME:*/ Inst.second, Var, true,
+                                  DefinitionRequired);
   }
 }