lib/CodeGen/CGStmt.cpp

//===--- CGStmt.cpp - Emit LLVM Code from Statements ----------------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This contains code to emit Stmt nodes as LLVM code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "CGDebugInfo.h"
#include "CodeGenModule.h"
#include "TargetInfo.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
#include "clang/Sema/SemaDiagnostic.h"
#include "clang/Basic/PrettyStackTrace.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InlineAsm.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                              Statement Emission
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void CodeGenFunction::EmitStopPoint(const Stmt *S) {
  if (CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo()) {
    SourceLocation Loc;
    if (isa<DeclStmt>(S))
      Loc = S->getLocEnd();
    else
      Loc = S->getLocStart();
    DI->EmitLocation(Builder, Loc);

    LastStopPoint = Loc;
  }
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitStmt(const Stmt *S) {
  assert(S && "Null statement?");

  // These statements have their own debug info handling.
  if (EmitSimpleStmt(S))
    return;

  // Check if we are generating unreachable code.
  if (!HaveInsertPoint()) {
    // If so, and the statement doesn't contain a label, then we do not need to
    // generate actual code. This is safe because (1) the current point is
    // unreachable, so we don't need to execute the code, and (2) we've already
    // handled the statements which update internal data structures (like the
    // local variable map) which could be used by subsequent statements.
    if (!ContainsLabel(S)) {
      // Verify that any decl statements were handled as simple, they may be in
      // scope of subsequent reachable statements.
      assert(!isa<DeclStmt>(*S) && "Unexpected DeclStmt!");
      return;
    }

    // Otherwise, make a new block to hold the code.
    EnsureInsertPoint();
  }

  // Generate a stoppoint if we are emitting debug info.
  EmitStopPoint(S);

  switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
  case Stmt::NoStmtClass:
  case Stmt::CXXCatchStmtClass:
  case Stmt::SEHExceptStmtClass:
  case Stmt::SEHFinallyStmtClass:
  case Stmt::MSDependentExistsStmtClass:
    llvm_unreachable("invalid statement class to emit generically");
  case Stmt::NullStmtClass:
  case Stmt::CompoundStmtClass:
  case Stmt::DeclStmtClass:
  case Stmt::LabelStmtClass:
  case Stmt::AttributedStmtClass:
  case Stmt::GotoStmtClass:
  case Stmt::BreakStmtClass:
  case Stmt::ContinueStmtClass:
  case Stmt::DefaultStmtClass:
  case Stmt::CaseStmtClass:
    llvm_unreachable("should have emitted these statements as simple");

#define STMT(Type, Base)
#define ABSTRACT_STMT(Op)
#define EXPR(Type, Base) \
  case Stmt::Type##Class:
#include "clang/AST/StmtNodes.inc"
  {
    // Remember the block we came in on.
    llvm::BasicBlock *incoming = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
    assert(incoming && "expression emission must have an insertion point");

    EmitIgnoredExpr(cast<Expr>(S));

    llvm::BasicBlock *outgoing = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
    assert(outgoing && "expression emission cleared block!");

    // The expression emitters assume (reasonably!) that the insertion
    // point is always set.  To maintain that, the call-emission code
    // for noreturn functions has to enter a new block with no
    // predecessors.  We want to kill that block and mark the current
    // insertion point unreachable in the common case of a call like
    // "exit();".  Since expression emission doesn't otherwise create
    // blocks with no predecessors, we can just test for that.
    // However, we must be careful not to do this to our incoming
    // block, because *statement* emission does sometimes create
    // reachable blocks which will have no predecessors until later in
    // the function.  This occurs with, e.g., labels that are not
    // reachable by fallthrough.
    if (incoming != outgoing && outgoing->use_empty()) {
      outgoing->eraseFromParent();
      Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();
    }
    break;
  }

  case Stmt::IndirectGotoStmtClass:
    EmitIndirectGotoStmt(cast<IndirectGotoStmt>(*S)); break;

  case Stmt::IfStmtClass:       EmitIfStmt(cast<IfStmt>(*S));             break;
  case Stmt::WhileStmtClass:    EmitWhileStmt(cast<WhileStmt>(*S));       break;
  case Stmt::DoStmtClass:       EmitDoStmt(cast<DoStmt>(*S));             break;
  case Stmt::ForStmtClass:      EmitForStmt(cast<ForStmt>(*S));           break;

  case Stmt::ReturnStmtClass:   EmitReturnStmt(cast<ReturnStmt>(*S));     break;

  case Stmt::SwitchStmtClass:   EmitSwitchStmt(cast<SwitchStmt>(*S));     break;
  case Stmt::GCCAsmStmtClass:   // Intentional fall-through.
  case Stmt::MSAsmStmtClass:    EmitAsmStmt(cast<AsmStmt>(*S));           break;
  case Stmt::CapturedStmtClass:
    EmitCapturedStmt(cast<CapturedStmt>(*S), CR_Default);
    break;
  case Stmt::ObjCAtTryStmtClass:
    EmitObjCAtTryStmt(cast<ObjCAtTryStmt>(*S));
    break;
  case Stmt::ObjCAtCatchStmtClass:
    llvm_unreachable(
                    "@catch statements should be handled by EmitObjCAtTryStmt");
  case Stmt::ObjCAtFinallyStmtClass:
    llvm_unreachable(
                  "@finally statements should be handled by EmitObjCAtTryStmt");
  case Stmt::ObjCAtThrowStmtClass:
    EmitObjCAtThrowStmt(cast<ObjCAtThrowStmt>(*S));
    break;
  case Stmt::ObjCAtSynchronizedStmtClass:
    EmitObjCAtSynchronizedStmt(cast<ObjCAtSynchronizedStmt>(*S));
    break;
  case Stmt::ObjCForCollectionStmtClass:
    EmitObjCForCollectionStmt(cast<ObjCForCollectionStmt>(*S));
    break;
  case Stmt::ObjCAutoreleasePoolStmtClass:
    EmitObjCAutoreleasePoolStmt(cast<ObjCAutoreleasePoolStmt>(*S));
    break;

  case Stmt::CXXTryStmtClass:
    EmitCXXTryStmt(cast<CXXTryStmt>(*S));
    break;
  case Stmt::CXXForRangeStmtClass:
    EmitCXXForRangeStmt(cast<CXXForRangeStmt>(*S));
  case Stmt::SEHTryStmtClass:
    // FIXME Not yet implemented
    break;
  }
}

bool CodeGenFunction::EmitSimpleStmt(const Stmt *S) {
  switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
  default: return false;
  case Stmt::NullStmtClass: break;
  case Stmt::CompoundStmtClass: EmitCompoundStmt(cast<CompoundStmt>(*S)); break;
  case Stmt::DeclStmtClass:     EmitDeclStmt(cast<DeclStmt>(*S));         break;
  case Stmt::LabelStmtClass:    EmitLabelStmt(cast<LabelStmt>(*S));       break;
  case Stmt::AttributedStmtClass:
                            EmitAttributedStmt(cast<AttributedStmt>(*S)); break;
  case Stmt::GotoStmtClass:     EmitGotoStmt(cast<GotoStmt>(*S));         break;
  case Stmt::BreakStmtClass:    EmitBreakStmt(cast<BreakStmt>(*S));       break;
  case Stmt::ContinueStmtClass: EmitContinueStmt(cast<ContinueStmt>(*S)); break;
  case Stmt::DefaultStmtClass:  EmitDefaultStmt(cast<DefaultStmt>(*S));   break;
  case Stmt::CaseStmtClass:     EmitCaseStmt(cast<CaseStmt>(*S));         break;
  }

  return true;
}

/// EmitCompoundStmt - Emit a compound statement {..} node.  If GetLast is true,
/// this captures the expression result of the last sub-statement and returns it
/// (for use by the statement expression extension).
RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCompoundStmt(const CompoundStmt &S, bool GetLast,
                                         AggValueSlot AggSlot) {
  PrettyStackTraceLoc CrashInfo(getContext().getSourceManager(),S.getLBracLoc(),
                             "LLVM IR generation of compound statement ('{}')");

  // Keep track of the current cleanup stack depth, including debug scopes.
  LexicalScope Scope(*this, S.getSourceRange());

  return EmitCompoundStmtWithoutScope(S, GetLast, AggSlot);
}

RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCompoundStmtWithoutScope(const CompoundStmt &S, bool GetLast,
                                         AggValueSlot AggSlot) {

  for (CompoundStmt::const_body_iterator I = S.body_begin(),
       E = S.body_end()-GetLast; I != E; ++I)
    EmitStmt(*I);

  RValue RV;
  if (!GetLast)
    RV = RValue::get(0);
  else {
    // We have to special case labels here.  They are statements, but when put
    // at the end of a statement expression, they yield the value of their
    // subexpression.  Handle this by walking through all labels we encounter,
    // emitting them before we evaluate the subexpr.
    const Stmt *LastStmt = S.body_back();
    while (const LabelStmt *LS = dyn_cast<LabelStmt>(LastStmt)) {
      EmitLabel(LS->getDecl());
      LastStmt = LS->getSubStmt();
    }

    EnsureInsertPoint();

    RV = EmitAnyExpr(cast<Expr>(LastStmt), AggSlot);
  }

  return RV;
}

void CodeGenFunction::SimplifyForwardingBlocks(llvm::BasicBlock *BB) {
  llvm::BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast<llvm::BranchInst>(BB->getTerminator());

  // If there is a cleanup stack, then we it isn't worth trying to
  // simplify this block (we would need to remove it from the scope map
  // and cleanup entry).
  if (!EHStack.empty())
    return;

  // Can only simplify direct branches.
  if (!BI || !BI->isUnconditional())
    return;

  // Can only simplify empty blocks.
  if (BI != BB->begin())
    return;

  BB->replaceAllUsesWith(BI->getSuccessor(0));
  BI->eraseFromParent();
  BB->eraseFromParent();
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitBlock(llvm::BasicBlock *BB, bool IsFinished) {
  llvm::BasicBlock *CurBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  // Fall out of the current block (if necessary).
  EmitBranch(BB);

  if (IsFinished && BB->use_empty()) {
    delete BB;
    return;
  }

  // Place the block after the current block, if possible, or else at
  // the end of the function.
  if (CurBB && CurBB->getParent())
    CurFn->getBasicBlockList().insertAfter(CurBB, BB);
  else
    CurFn->getBasicBlockList().push_back(BB);
  Builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitBranch(llvm::BasicBlock *Target) {
  // Emit a branch from the current block to the target one if this
  // was a real block.  If this was just a fall-through block after a
  // terminator, don't emit it.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CurBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  if (!CurBB || CurBB->getTerminator()) {
    // If there is no insert point or the previous block is already
    // terminated, don't touch it.
  } else {
    // Otherwise, create a fall-through branch.
    Builder.CreateBr(Target);
  }

  Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitBlockAfterUses(llvm::BasicBlock *block) {
  bool inserted = false;
  for (llvm::BasicBlock::use_iterator
         i = block->use_begin(), e = block->use_end(); i != e; ++i) {
    if (llvm::Instruction *insn = dyn_cast<llvm::Instruction>(*i)) {
      CurFn->getBasicBlockList().insertAfter(insn->getParent(), block);
      inserted = true;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!inserted)
    CurFn->getBasicBlockList().push_back(block);

  Builder.SetInsertPoint(block);
}

CodeGenFunction::JumpDest
CodeGenFunction::getJumpDestForLabel(const LabelDecl *D) {
  JumpDest &Dest = LabelMap[D];
  if (Dest.isValid()) return Dest;

  // Create, but don't insert, the new block.
  Dest = JumpDest(createBasicBlock(D->getName()),
                  EHScopeStack::stable_iterator::invalid(),
                  NextCleanupDestIndex++);
  return Dest;
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitLabel(const LabelDecl *D) {
  // Add this label to the current lexical scope if we're within any
  // normal cleanups.  Jumps "in" to this label --- when permitted by
  // the language --- may need to be routed around such cleanups.
  if (EHStack.hasNormalCleanups() && CurLexicalScope)
    CurLexicalScope->addLabel(D);

  JumpDest &Dest = LabelMap[D];

  // If we didn't need a forward reference to this label, just go
  // ahead and create a destination at the current scope.
  if (!Dest.isValid()) {
    Dest = getJumpDestInCurrentScope(D->getName());

  // Otherwise, we need to give this label a target depth and remove
  // it from the branch-fixups list.
  } else {
    assert(!Dest.getScopeDepth().isValid() && "already emitted label!");
    Dest.setScopeDepth(EHStack.stable_begin());
    ResolveBranchFixups(Dest.getBlock());
  }

  EmitBlock(Dest.getBlock());
}

/// Change the cleanup scope of the labels in this lexical scope to
/// match the scope of the enclosing context.
void CodeGenFunction::LexicalScope::rescopeLabels() {
  assert(!Labels.empty());
  EHScopeStack::stable_iterator innermostScope
    = CGF.EHStack.getInnermostNormalCleanup();

  // Change the scope depth of all the labels.
  for (SmallVectorImpl<const LabelDecl*>::const_iterator
         i = Labels.begin(), e = Labels.end(); i != e; ++i) {
    assert(CGF.LabelMap.count(*i));
    JumpDest &dest = CGF.LabelMap.find(*i)->second;
    assert(dest.getScopeDepth().isValid());
    assert(innermostScope.encloses(dest.getScopeDepth()));
    dest.setScopeDepth(innermostScope);
  }

  // Reparent the labels if the new scope also has cleanups.
  if (innermostScope != EHScopeStack::stable_end() && ParentScope) {
    ParentScope->Labels.append(Labels.begin(), Labels.end());
  }
}


void CodeGenFunction::EmitLabelStmt(const LabelStmt &S) {
  EmitLabel(S.getDecl());
  EmitStmt(S.getSubStmt());
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitAttributedStmt(const AttributedStmt &S) {
  EmitStmt(S.getSubStmt());
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitGotoStmt(const GotoStmt &S) {
  // If this code is reachable then emit a stop point (if generating
  // debug info). We have to do this ourselves because we are on the
  // "simple" statement path.
  if (HaveInsertPoint())
    EmitStopPoint(&S);

  EmitBranchThroughCleanup(getJumpDestForLabel(S.getLabel()));
}


void CodeGenFunction::EmitIndirectGotoStmt(const IndirectGotoStmt &S) {
  if (const LabelDecl *Target = S.getConstantTarget()) {
    EmitBranchThroughCleanup(getJumpDestForLabel(Target));
    return;
  }

  // Ensure that we have an i8* for our PHI node.
  llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateBitCast(EmitScalarExpr(S.getTarget()),
                                         Int8PtrTy, "addr");
  llvm::BasicBlock *CurBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  // Get the basic block for the indirect goto.
  llvm::BasicBlock *IndGotoBB = GetIndirectGotoBlock();

  // The first instruction in the block has to be the PHI for the switch dest,
  // add an entry for this branch.
  cast<llvm::PHINode>(IndGotoBB->begin())->addIncoming(V, CurBB);

  EmitBranch(IndGotoBB);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitIfStmt(const IfStmt &S) {
  // C99 6.8.4.1: The first substatement is executed if the expression compares
  // unequal to 0.  The condition must be a scalar type.
  RunCleanupsScope ConditionScope(*this);

  if (S.getConditionVariable())
    EmitAutoVarDecl(*S.getConditionVariable());

  // If the condition constant folds and can be elided, try to avoid emitting
  // the condition and the dead arm of the if/else.
  bool CondConstant;
  if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(S.getCond(), CondConstant)) {
    // Figure out which block (then or else) is executed.
    const Stmt *Executed = S.getThen();
    const Stmt *Skipped  = S.getElse();
    if (!CondConstant)  // Condition false?
      std::swap(Executed, Skipped);

    // If the skipped block has no labels in it, just emit the executed block.
    // This avoids emitting dead code and simplifies the CFG substantially.
    if (!ContainsLabel(Skipped)) {
      if (Executed) {
        RunCleanupsScope ExecutedScope(*this);
        EmitStmt(Executed);
      }
      return;
    }
  }

  // Otherwise, the condition did not fold, or we couldn't elide it.  Just emit
  // the conditional branch.
  llvm::BasicBlock *ThenBlock = createBasicBlock("if.then");
  llvm::BasicBlock *ContBlock = createBasicBlock("if.end");
  llvm::BasicBlock *ElseBlock = ContBlock;
  if (S.getElse())
    ElseBlock = createBasicBlock("if.else");
  EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(S.getCond(), ThenBlock, ElseBlock);

  // Emit the 'then' code.
  EmitBlock(ThenBlock); 
  {
    RunCleanupsScope ThenScope(*this);
    EmitStmt(S.getThen());
  }
  EmitBranch(ContBlock);

  // Emit the 'else' code if present.
  if (const Stmt *Else = S.getElse()) {
    // There is no need to emit line number for unconditional branch.
    if (getDebugInfo())
      Builder.SetCurrentDebugLocation(llvm::DebugLoc());
    EmitBlock(ElseBlock);
    {
      RunCleanupsScope ElseScope(*this);
      EmitStmt(Else);
    }
    // There is no need to emit line number for unconditional branch.
    if (getDebugInfo())
      Builder.SetCurrentDebugLocation(llvm::DebugLoc());
    EmitBranch(ContBlock);
  }

  // Emit the continuation block for code after the if.
  EmitBlock(ContBlock, true);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitWhileStmt(const WhileStmt &S) {
  // Emit the header for the loop, which will also become
  // the continue target.
  JumpDest LoopHeader = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("while.cond");
  EmitBlock(LoopHeader.getBlock());

  // Create an exit block for when the condition fails, which will
  // also become the break target.
  JumpDest LoopExit = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("while.end");

  // Store the blocks to use for break and continue.
  BreakContinueStack.push_back(BreakContinue(LoopExit, LoopHeader));

  // C++ [stmt.while]p2:
  //   When the condition of a while statement is a declaration, the
  //   scope of the variable that is declared extends from its point
  //   of declaration (3.3.2) to the end of the while statement.
  //   [...]
  //   The object created in a condition is destroyed and created
  //   with each iteration of the loop.
  RunCleanupsScope ConditionScope(*this);

  if (S.getConditionVariable())
    EmitAutoVarDecl(*S.getConditionVariable());

  // Evaluate the conditional in the while header.  C99 6.8.5.1: The
  // evaluation of the controlling expression takes place before each
  // execution of the loop body.
  llvm::Value *BoolCondVal = EvaluateExprAsBool(S.getCond());

  // while(1) is common, avoid extra exit blocks.  Be sure
  // to correctly handle break/continue though.
  bool EmitBoolCondBranch = true;
  if (llvm::ConstantInt *C = dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(BoolCondVal))
    if (C->isOne())
      EmitBoolCondBranch = false;

  // As long as the condition is true, go to the loop body.
  llvm::BasicBlock *LoopBody = createBasicBlock("while.body");
  if (EmitBoolCondBranch) {
    llvm::BasicBlock *ExitBlock = LoopExit.getBlock();
    if (ConditionScope.requiresCleanups())
      ExitBlock = createBasicBlock("while.exit");

    Builder.CreateCondBr(BoolCondVal, LoopBody, ExitBlock);

    if (ExitBlock != LoopExit.getBlock()) {
      EmitBlock(ExitBlock);
      EmitBranchThroughCleanup(LoopExit);
    }
  }

  // Emit the loop body.  We have to emit this in a cleanup scope
  // because it might be a singleton DeclStmt.
  {
    RunCleanupsScope BodyScope(*this);
    EmitBlock(LoopBody);
    EmitStmt(S.getBody());
  }

  BreakContinueStack.pop_back();

  // Immediately force cleanup.
  ConditionScope.ForceCleanup();

  // Branch to the loop header again.
  EmitBranch(LoopHeader.getBlock());

  // Emit the exit block.
  EmitBlock(LoopExit.getBlock(), true);

  // The LoopHeader typically is just a branch if we skipped emitting
  // a branch, try to erase it.
  if (!EmitBoolCondBranch)
    SimplifyForwardingBlocks(LoopHeader.getBlock());
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitDoStmt(const DoStmt &S) {
  JumpDest LoopExit = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("do.end");
  JumpDest LoopCond = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("do.cond");

  // Store the blocks to use for break and continue.
  BreakContinueStack.push_back(BreakContinue(LoopExit, LoopCond));

  // Emit the body of the loop.
  llvm::BasicBlock *LoopBody = createBasicBlock("do.body");
  EmitBlock(LoopBody);
  {
    RunCleanupsScope BodyScope(*this);
    EmitStmt(S.getBody());
  }

  BreakContinueStack.pop_back();

  EmitBlock(LoopCond.getBlock());

  // C99 6.8.5.2: "The evaluation of the controlling expression takes place
  // after each execution of the loop body."

  // Evaluate the conditional in the while header.
  // C99 6.8.5p2/p4: The first substatement is executed if the expression
  // compares unequal to 0.  The condition must be a scalar type.
  llvm::Value *BoolCondVal = EvaluateExprAsBool(S.getCond());

  // "do {} while (0)" is common in macros, avoid extra blocks.  Be sure
  // to correctly handle break/continue though.
  bool EmitBoolCondBranch = true;
  if (llvm::ConstantInt *C = dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(BoolCondVal))
    if (C->isZero())
      EmitBoolCondBranch = false;

  // As long as the condition is true, iterate the loop.
  if (EmitBoolCondBranch)
    Builder.CreateCondBr(BoolCondVal, LoopBody, LoopExit.getBlock());

  // Emit the exit block.
  EmitBlock(LoopExit.getBlock());

  // The DoCond block typically is just a branch if we skipped
  // emitting a branch, try to erase it.
  if (!EmitBoolCondBranch)
    SimplifyForwardingBlocks(LoopCond.getBlock());
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitForStmt(const ForStmt &S) {
  JumpDest LoopExit = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("for.end");

  RunCleanupsScope ForScope(*this);

  CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo();
  if (DI)
    DI->EmitLexicalBlockStart(Builder, S.getSourceRange().getBegin());

  // Evaluate the first part before the loop.
  if (S.getInit())
    EmitStmt(S.getInit());

  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  // If there's an increment, the continue scope will be overwritten
  // later.
  JumpDest Continue = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("for.cond");
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = Continue.getBlock();
  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  // Create a cleanup scope for the condition variable cleanups.
  RunCleanupsScope ConditionScope(*this);

  llvm::Value *BoolCondVal = 0;
  if (S.getCond()) {
    // If the for statement has a condition scope, emit the local variable
    // declaration.
    llvm::BasicBlock *ExitBlock = LoopExit.getBlock();
    if (S.getConditionVariable()) {
      EmitAutoVarDecl(*S.getConditionVariable());
    }

    // If there are any cleanups between here and the loop-exit scope,
    // create a block to stage a loop exit along.
    if (ForScope.requiresCleanups())
      ExitBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond.cleanup");

    // As long as the condition is true, iterate the loop.
    llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");

    // C99 6.8.5p2/p4: The first substatement is executed if the expression
    // compares unequal to 0.  The condition must be a scalar type.
    BoolCondVal = EvaluateExprAsBool(S.getCond());
    Builder.CreateCondBr(BoolCondVal, ForBody, ExitBlock);

    if (ExitBlock != LoopExit.getBlock()) {
      EmitBlock(ExitBlock);
      EmitBranchThroughCleanup(LoopExit);
    }

    EmitBlock(ForBody);
  } else {
    // Treat it as a non-zero constant.  Don't even create a new block for the
    // body, just fall into it.
  }

  // If the for loop doesn't have an increment we can just use the
  // condition as the continue block.  Otherwise we'll need to create
  // a block for it (in the current scope, i.e. in the scope of the
  // condition), and that we will become our continue block.
  if (S.getInc())
    Continue = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("for.inc");

  // Store the blocks to use for break and continue.
  BreakContinueStack.push_back(BreakContinue(LoopExit, Continue));

  {
    // Create a separate cleanup scope for the body, in case it is not
    // a compound statement.
    RunCleanupsScope BodyScope(*this);
    EmitStmt(S.getBody());
  }

  // If there is an increment, emit it next.
  if (S.getInc()) {
    EmitBlock(Continue.getBlock());
    EmitStmt(S.getInc());
  }

  BreakContinueStack.pop_back();

  ConditionScope.ForceCleanup();
  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  ForScope.ForceCleanup();

  if (DI)
    DI->EmitLexicalBlockEnd(Builder, S.getSourceRange().getEnd());

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(LoopExit.getBlock(), true);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXForRangeStmt(const CXXForRangeStmt &S) {
  JumpDest LoopExit = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("for.end");

  RunCleanupsScope ForScope(*this);

  CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo();
  if (DI)
    DI->EmitLexicalBlockStart(Builder, S.getSourceRange().getBegin());

  // Evaluate the first pieces before the loop.
  EmitStmt(S.getRangeStmt());
  EmitStmt(S.getBeginEndStmt());

  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  // If there's an increment, the continue scope will be overwritten
  // later.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond");
  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  // If there are any cleanups between here and the loop-exit scope,
  // create a block to stage a loop exit along.
  llvm::BasicBlock *ExitBlock = LoopExit.getBlock();
  if (ForScope.requiresCleanups())
    ExitBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond.cleanup");

  // The loop body, consisting of the specified body and the loop variable.
  llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");

  // The body is executed if the expression, contextually converted
  // to bool, is true.
  llvm::Value *BoolCondVal = EvaluateExprAsBool(S.getCond());
  Builder.CreateCondBr(BoolCondVal, ForBody, ExitBlock);

  if (ExitBlock != LoopExit.getBlock()) {
    EmitBlock(ExitBlock);
    EmitBranchThroughCleanup(LoopExit);
  }

  EmitBlock(ForBody);

  // Create a block for the increment. In case of a 'continue', we jump there.
  JumpDest Continue = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("for.inc");

  // Store the blocks to use for break and continue.
  BreakContinueStack.push_back(BreakContinue(LoopExit, Continue));

  {
    // Create a separate cleanup scope for the loop variable and body.
    RunCleanupsScope BodyScope(*this);
    EmitStmt(S.getLoopVarStmt());
    EmitStmt(S.getBody());
  }

  // If there is an increment, emit it next.
  EmitBlock(Continue.getBlock());
  EmitStmt(S.getInc());

  BreakContinueStack.pop_back();

  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  ForScope.ForceCleanup();

  if (DI)
    DI->EmitLexicalBlockEnd(Builder, S.getSourceRange().getEnd());

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(LoopExit.getBlock(), true);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitReturnOfRValue(RValue RV, QualType Ty) {
  if (RV.isScalar()) {
    Builder.CreateStore(RV.getScalarVal(), ReturnValue);
  } else if (RV.isAggregate()) {
    EmitAggregateCopy(ReturnValue, RV.getAggregateAddr(), Ty);
  } else {
    EmitStoreOfComplex(RV.getComplexVal(),
                       MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(ReturnValue, Ty),
                       /*init*/ true);
  }
  EmitBranchThroughCleanup(ReturnBlock);
}

/// EmitReturnStmt - Note that due to GCC extensions, this can have an operand
/// if the function returns void, or may be missing one if the function returns
/// non-void.  Fun stuff :).
void CodeGenFunction::EmitReturnStmt(const ReturnStmt &S) {
  // Emit the result value, even if unused, to evalute the side effects.
  const Expr *RV = S.getRetValue();

  // Treat block literals in a return expression as if they appeared
  // in their own scope.  This permits a small, easily-implemented
  // exception to our over-conservative rules about not jumping to
  // statements following block literals with non-trivial cleanups.
  RunCleanupsScope cleanupScope(*this);
  if (const ExprWithCleanups *cleanups =
        dyn_cast_or_null<ExprWithCleanups>(RV)) {
    enterFullExpression(cleanups);
    RV = cleanups->getSubExpr();
  }

  // FIXME: Clean this up by using an LValue for ReturnTemp,
  // EmitStoreThroughLValue, and EmitAnyExpr.
  if (S.getNRVOCandidate() && S.getNRVOCandidate()->isNRVOVariable()) {
    // Apply the named return value optimization for this return statement,
    // which means doing nothing: the appropriate result has already been
    // constructed into the NRVO variable.

    // If there is an NRVO flag for this variable, set it to 1 into indicate
    // that the cleanup code should not destroy the variable.
    if (llvm::Value *NRVOFlag = NRVOFlags[S.getNRVOCandidate()])
      Builder.CreateStore(Builder.getTrue(), NRVOFlag);
  } else if (!ReturnValue) {
    // Make sure not to return anything, but evaluate the expression
    // for side effects.
    if (RV)
      EmitAnyExpr(RV);
  } else if (RV == 0) {
    // Do nothing (return value is left uninitialized)
  } else if (FnRetTy->isReferenceType()) {
    // If this function returns a reference, take the address of the expression
    // rather than the value.
    RValue Result = EmitReferenceBindingToExpr(RV, /*InitializedDecl=*/0);
    Builder.CreateStore(Result.getScalarVal(), ReturnValue);
  } else {
    switch (getEvaluationKind(RV->getType())) {
    case TEK_Scalar:
      Builder.CreateStore(EmitScalarExpr(RV), ReturnValue);
      break;
    case TEK_Complex:
      EmitComplexExprIntoLValue(RV,
                     MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(ReturnValue, RV->getType()),
                                /*isInit*/ true);
      break;
    case TEK_Aggregate: {
      CharUnits Alignment = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(RV->getType());
      EmitAggExpr(RV, AggValueSlot::forAddr(ReturnValue, Alignment,
                                            Qualifiers(),
                                            AggValueSlot::IsDestructed,
                                            AggValueSlot::DoesNotNeedGCBarriers,
                                            AggValueSlot::IsNotAliased));
      break;
    }
    }
  }

  ++NumReturnExprs;
  if (RV == 0 || RV->isEvaluatable(getContext()))
    ++NumSimpleReturnExprs;

  cleanupScope.ForceCleanup();
  EmitBranchThroughCleanup(ReturnBlock);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt &S) {
  // As long as debug info is modeled with instructions, we have to ensure we
  // have a place to insert here and write the stop point here.
  if (HaveInsertPoint())
    EmitStopPoint(&S);

  for (DeclStmt::const_decl_iterator I = S.decl_begin(), E = S.decl_end();
       I != E; ++I)
    EmitDecl(**I);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitBreakStmt(const BreakStmt &S) {
  assert(!BreakContinueStack.empty() && "break stmt not in a loop or switch!");

  // If this code is reachable then emit a stop point (if generating
  // debug info). We have to do this ourselves because we are on the
  // "simple" statement path.
  if (HaveInsertPoint())
    EmitStopPoint(&S);

  JumpDest Block = BreakContinueStack.back().BreakBlock;
  EmitBranchThroughCleanup(Block);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitContinueStmt(const ContinueStmt &S) {
  assert(!BreakContinueStack.empty() && "continue stmt not in a loop!");

  // If this code is reachable then emit a stop point (if generating
  // debug info). We have to do this ourselves because we are on the
  // "simple" statement path.
  if (HaveInsertPoint())
    EmitStopPoint(&S);

  JumpDest Block = BreakContinueStack.back().ContinueBlock;
  EmitBranchThroughCleanup(Block);
}

/// EmitCaseStmtRange - If case statement range is not too big then
/// add multiple cases to switch instruction, one for each value within
/// the range. If range is too big then emit "if" condition check.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitCaseStmtRange(const CaseStmt &S) {
  assert(S.getRHS() && "Expected RHS value in CaseStmt");

  llvm::APSInt LHS = S.getLHS()->EvaluateKnownConstInt(getContext());
  llvm::APSInt RHS = S.getRHS()->EvaluateKnownConstInt(getContext());

  // Emit the code for this case. We do this first to make sure it is
  // properly chained from our predecessor before generating the
  // switch machinery to enter this block.
  EmitBlock(createBasicBlock("sw.bb"));
  llvm::BasicBlock *CaseDest = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  EmitStmt(S.getSubStmt());

  // If range is empty, do nothing.
  if (LHS.isSigned() ? RHS.slt(LHS) : RHS.ult(LHS))
    return;

  llvm::APInt Range = RHS - LHS;
  // FIXME: parameters such as this should not be hardcoded.
  if (Range.ult(llvm::APInt(Range.getBitWidth(), 64))) {
    // Range is small enough to add multiple switch instruction cases.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Range.getZExtValue() + 1; i != e; ++i) {
      SwitchInsn->addCase(Builder.getInt(LHS), CaseDest);
      LHS++;
    }
    return;
  }

  // The range is too big. Emit "if" condition into a new block,
  // making sure to save and restore the current insertion point.
  llvm::BasicBlock *RestoreBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  // Push this test onto the chain of range checks (which terminates
  // in the default basic block). The switch's default will be changed
  // to the top of this chain after switch emission is complete.
  llvm::BasicBlock *FalseDest = CaseRangeBlock;
  CaseRangeBlock = createBasicBlock("sw.caserange");

  CurFn->getBasicBlockList().push_back(CaseRangeBlock);
  Builder.SetInsertPoint(CaseRangeBlock);

  // Emit range check.
  llvm::Value *Diff =
    Builder.CreateSub(SwitchInsn->getCondition(), Builder.getInt(LHS));
  llvm::Value *Cond =
    Builder.CreateICmpULE(Diff, Builder.getInt(Range), "inbounds");
  Builder.CreateCondBr(Cond, CaseDest, FalseDest);

  // Restore the appropriate insertion point.
  if (RestoreBB)
    Builder.SetInsertPoint(RestoreBB);
  else
    Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitCaseStmt(const CaseStmt &S) {
  // If there is no enclosing switch instance that we're aware of, then this
  // case statement and its block can be elided.  This situation only happens
  // when we've constant-folded the switch, are emitting the constant case,
  // and part of the constant case includes another case statement.  For 
  // instance: switch (4) { case 4: do { case 5: } while (1); }
  if (!SwitchInsn) {
    EmitStmt(S.getSubStmt());
    return;
  }

  // Handle case ranges.
  if (S.getRHS()) {
    EmitCaseStmtRange(S);
    return;
  }

  llvm::ConstantInt *CaseVal =
    Builder.getInt(S.getLHS()->EvaluateKnownConstInt(getContext()));

  // If the body of the case is just a 'break', and if there was no fallthrough,
  // try to not emit an empty block.
  if ((CGM.getCodeGenOpts().OptimizationLevel > 0) &&
      isa<BreakStmt>(S.getSubStmt())) {
    JumpDest Block = BreakContinueStack.back().BreakBlock;

    // Only do this optimization if there are no cleanups that need emitting.
    if (isObviouslyBranchWithoutCleanups(Block)) {
      SwitchInsn->addCase(CaseVal, Block.getBlock());

      // If there was a fallthrough into this case, make sure to redirect it to
      // the end of the switch as well.
      if (Builder.GetInsertBlock()) {
        Builder.CreateBr(Block.getBlock());
        Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();
      }
      return;
    }
  }

  EmitBlock(createBasicBlock("sw.bb"));
  llvm::BasicBlock *CaseDest = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  SwitchInsn->addCase(CaseVal, CaseDest);

  // Recursively emitting the statement is acceptable, but is not wonderful for
  // code where we have many case statements nested together, i.e.:
  //  case 1:
  //    case 2:
  //      case 3: etc.
  // Handling this recursively will create a new block for each case statement
  // that falls through to the next case which is IR intensive.  It also causes
  // deep recursion which can run into stack depth limitations.  Handle
  // sequential non-range case statements specially.
  const CaseStmt *CurCase = &S;
  const CaseStmt *NextCase = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(S.getSubStmt());

  // Otherwise, iteratively add consecutive cases to this switch stmt.
  while (NextCase && NextCase->getRHS() == 0) {
    CurCase = NextCase;
    llvm::ConstantInt *CaseVal = 
      Builder.getInt(CurCase->getLHS()->EvaluateKnownConstInt(getContext()));
    SwitchInsn->addCase(CaseVal, CaseDest);
    NextCase = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(CurCase->getSubStmt());
  }

  // Normal default recursion for non-cases.
  EmitStmt(CurCase->getSubStmt());
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitDefaultStmt(const DefaultStmt &S) {
  llvm::BasicBlock *DefaultBlock = SwitchInsn->getDefaultDest();
  assert(DefaultBlock->empty() &&
         "EmitDefaultStmt: Default block already defined?");
  EmitBlock(DefaultBlock);
  EmitStmt(S.getSubStmt());
}

/// CollectStatementsForCase - Given the body of a 'switch' statement and a
/// constant value that is being switched on, see if we can dead code eliminate
/// the body of the switch to a simple series of statements to emit.  Basically,
/// on a switch (5) we want to find these statements:
///    case 5:
///      printf(...);    <--
///      ++i;            <--
///      break;
///
/// and add them to the ResultStmts vector.  If it is unsafe to do this
/// transformation (for example, one of the elided statements contains a label
/// that might be jumped to), return CSFC_Failure.  If we handled it and 'S'
/// should include statements after it (e.g. the printf() line is a substmt of
/// the case) then return CSFC_FallThrough.  If we handled it and found a break
/// statement, then return CSFC_Success.
///
/// If Case is non-null, then we are looking for the specified case, checking
/// that nothing we jump over contains labels.  If Case is null, then we found
/// the case and are looking for the break.
///
/// If the recursive walk actually finds our Case, then we set FoundCase to
/// true.
///
enum CSFC_Result { CSFC_Failure, CSFC_FallThrough, CSFC_Success };
static CSFC_Result CollectStatementsForCase(const Stmt *S,
                                            const SwitchCase *Case,
                                            bool &FoundCase,
                              SmallVectorImpl<const Stmt*> &ResultStmts) {
  // If this is a null statement, just succeed.
  if (S == 0)
    return Case ? CSFC_Success : CSFC_FallThrough;

  // If this is the switchcase (case 4: or default) that we're looking for, then
  // we're in business.  Just add the substatement.
  if (const SwitchCase *SC = dyn_cast<SwitchCase>(S)) {
    if (S == Case) {
      FoundCase = true;
      return CollectStatementsForCase(SC->getSubStmt(), 0, FoundCase,
                                      ResultStmts);
    }

    // Otherwise, this is some other case or default statement, just ignore it.
    return CollectStatementsForCase(SC->getSubStmt(), Case, FoundCase,
                                    ResultStmts);
  }

  // If we are in the live part of the code and we found our break statement,
  // return a success!
  if (Case == 0 && isa<BreakStmt>(S))
    return CSFC_Success;

  // If this is a switch statement, then it might contain the SwitchCase, the
  // break, or neither.
  if (const CompoundStmt *CS = dyn_cast<CompoundStmt>(S)) {
    // Handle this as two cases: we might be looking for the SwitchCase (if so
    // the skipped statements must be skippable) or we might already have it.
    CompoundStmt::const_body_iterator I = CS->body_begin(), E = CS->body_end();
    if (Case) {
      // Keep track of whether we see a skipped declaration.  The code could be
      // using the declaration even if it is skipped, so we can't optimize out
      // the decl if the kept statements might refer to it.
      bool HadSkippedDecl = false;

      // If we're looking for the case, just see if we can skip each of the
      // substatements.
      for (; Case && I != E; ++I) {
        HadSkippedDecl |= isa<DeclStmt>(*I);

        switch (CollectStatementsForCase(*I, Case, FoundCase, ResultStmts)) {
        case CSFC_Failure: return CSFC_Failure;
        case CSFC_Success:
          // A successful result means that either 1) that the statement doesn't
          // have the case and is skippable, or 2) does contain the case value
          // and also contains the break to exit the switch.  In the later case,
          // we just verify the rest of the statements are elidable.
          if (FoundCase) {
            // If we found the case and skipped declarations, we can't do the
            // optimization.
            if (HadSkippedDecl)
              return CSFC_Failure;

            for (++I; I != E; ++I)
              if (CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(*I, true))
                return CSFC_Failure;
            return CSFC_Success;
          }
          break;
        case CSFC_FallThrough:
          // If we have a fallthrough condition, then we must have found the
          // case started to include statements.  Consider the rest of the
          // statements in the compound statement as candidates for inclusion.
          assert(FoundCase && "Didn't find case but returned fallthrough?");
          // We recursively found Case, so we're not looking for it anymore.
          Case = 0;

          // If we found the case and skipped declarations, we can't do the
          // optimization.
          if (HadSkippedDecl)
            return CSFC_Failure;
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // If we have statements in our range, then we know that the statements are
    // live and need to be added to the set of statements we're tracking.
    for (; I != E; ++I) {
      switch (CollectStatementsForCase(*I, 0, FoundCase, ResultStmts)) {
      case CSFC_Failure: return CSFC_Failure;
      case CSFC_FallThrough:
        // A fallthrough result means that the statement was simple and just
        // included in ResultStmt, keep adding them afterwards.
        break;
      case CSFC_Success:
        // A successful result means that we found the break statement and
        // stopped statement inclusion.  We just ensure that any leftover stmts
        // are skippable and return success ourselves.
        for (++I; I != E; ++I)
          if (CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(*I, true))
            return CSFC_Failure;
        return CSFC_Success;
      }
    }

    return Case ? CSFC_Success : CSFC_FallThrough;
  }

  // Okay, this is some other statement that we don't handle explicitly, like a
  // for statement or increment etc.  If we are skipping over this statement,
  // just verify it doesn't have labels, which would make it invalid to elide.
  if (Case) {
    if (CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(S, true))
      return CSFC_Failure;
    return CSFC_Success;
  }

  // Otherwise, we want to include this statement.  Everything is cool with that
  // so long as it doesn't contain a break out of the switch we're in.
  if (CodeGenFunction::containsBreak(S)) return CSFC_Failure;

  // Otherwise, everything is great.  Include the statement and tell the caller
  // that we fall through and include the next statement as well.
  ResultStmts.push_back(S);
  return CSFC_FallThrough;
}

/// FindCaseStatementsForValue - Find the case statement being jumped to and
/// then invoke CollectStatementsForCase to find the list of statements to emit
/// for a switch on constant.  See the comment above CollectStatementsForCase
/// for more details.
static bool FindCaseStatementsForValue(const SwitchStmt &S,
                                       const llvm::APSInt &ConstantCondValue,
                                SmallVectorImpl<const Stmt*> &ResultStmts,
                                       ASTContext &C) {
  // First step, find the switch case that is being branched to.  We can do this
  // efficiently by scanning the SwitchCase list.
  const SwitchCase *Case = S.getSwitchCaseList();
  const DefaultStmt *DefaultCase = 0;

  for (; Case; Case = Case->getNextSwitchCase()) {
    // It's either a default or case.  Just remember the default statement in
    // case we're not jumping to any numbered cases.
    if (const DefaultStmt *DS = dyn_cast<DefaultStmt>(Case)) {
      DefaultCase = DS;
      continue;
    }

    // Check to see if this case is the one we're looking for.
    const CaseStmt *CS = cast<CaseStmt>(Case);
    // Don't handle case ranges yet.
    if (CS->getRHS()) return false;

    // If we found our case, remember it as 'case'.
    if (CS->getLHS()->EvaluateKnownConstInt(C) == ConstantCondValue)
      break;
  }

  // If we didn't find a matching case, we use a default if it exists, or we
  // elide the whole switch body!
  if (Case == 0) {
    // It is safe to elide the body of the switch if it doesn't contain labels
    // etc.  If it is safe, return successfully with an empty ResultStmts list.
    if (DefaultCase == 0)
      return !CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(&S);
    Case = DefaultCase;
  }

  // Ok, we know which case is being jumped to, try to collect all the
  // statements that follow it.  This can fail for a variety of reasons.  Also,
  // check to see that the recursive walk actually found our case statement.
  // Insane cases like this can fail to find it in the recursive walk since we
  // don't handle every stmt kind:
  // switch (4) {
  //   while (1) {
  //     case 4: ...
  bool FoundCase = false;
  return CollectStatementsForCase(S.getBody(), Case, FoundCase,
                                  ResultStmts) != CSFC_Failure &&
         FoundCase;
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitSwitchStmt(const SwitchStmt &S) {
  JumpDest SwitchExit = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("sw.epilog");

  RunCleanupsScope ConditionScope(*this);

  if (S.getConditionVariable())
    EmitAutoVarDecl(*S.getConditionVariable());

  // Handle nested switch statements.
  llvm::SwitchInst *SavedSwitchInsn = SwitchInsn;
  llvm::BasicBlock *SavedCRBlock = CaseRangeBlock;

  // See if we can constant fold the condition of the switch and therefore only
  // emit the live case statement (if any) of the switch.
  llvm::APSInt ConstantCondValue;
  if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(S.getCond(), ConstantCondValue)) {
    SmallVector<const Stmt*, 4> CaseStmts;
    if (FindCaseStatementsForValue(S, ConstantCondValue, CaseStmts,
                                   getContext())) {
      RunCleanupsScope ExecutedScope(*this);

      // At this point, we are no longer "within" a switch instance, so
      // we can temporarily enforce this to ensure that any embedded case
      // statements are not emitted.
      SwitchInsn = 0;

      // Okay, we can dead code eliminate everything except this case.  Emit the
      // specified series of statements and we're good.
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = CaseStmts.size(); i != e; ++i)
        EmitStmt(CaseStmts[i]);

      // Now we want to restore the saved switch instance so that nested
      // switches continue to function properly
      SwitchInsn = SavedSwitchInsn;

      return;
    }
  }

  llvm::Value *CondV = EmitScalarExpr(S.getCond());

  // Create basic block to hold stuff that comes after switch
  // statement. We also need to create a default block now so that
  // explicit case ranges tests can have a place to jump to on
  // failure.
  llvm::BasicBlock *DefaultBlock = createBasicBlock("sw.default");
  SwitchInsn = Builder.CreateSwitch(CondV, DefaultBlock);
  CaseRangeBlock = DefaultBlock;

  // Clear the insertion point to indicate we are in unreachable code.
  Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();

  // All break statements jump to NextBlock. If BreakContinueStack is non empty
  // then reuse last ContinueBlock.
  JumpDest OuterContinue;
  if (!BreakContinueStack.empty())
    OuterContinue = BreakContinueStack.back().ContinueBlock;

  BreakContinueStack.push_back(BreakContinue(SwitchExit, OuterContinue));

  // Emit switch body.
  EmitStmt(S.getBody());

  BreakContinueStack.pop_back();

  // Update the default block in case explicit case range tests have
  // been chained on top.
  SwitchInsn->setDefaultDest(CaseRangeBlock);

  // If a default was never emitted:
  if (!DefaultBlock->getParent()) {
    // If we have cleanups, emit the default block so that there's a
    // place to jump through the cleanups from.
    if (ConditionScope.requiresCleanups()) {
      EmitBlock(DefaultBlock);

    // Otherwise, just forward the default block to the switch end.
    } else {
      DefaultBlock->replaceAllUsesWith(SwitchExit.getBlock());
      delete DefaultBlock;
    }
  }

  ConditionScope.ForceCleanup();

  // Emit continuation.
  EmitBlock(SwitchExit.getBlock(), true);

  SwitchInsn = SavedSwitchInsn;
  CaseRangeBlock = SavedCRBlock;
}

static std::string
SimplifyConstraint(const char *Constraint, const TargetInfo &Target,
                 SmallVectorImpl<TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo> *OutCons=0) {
  std::string Result;

  while (*Constraint) {
    switch (*Constraint) {
    default:
      Result += Target.convertConstraint(Constraint);
      break;
    // Ignore these
    case '*':
    case '?':
    case '!':
    case '=': // Will see this and the following in mult-alt constraints.
    case '+':
      break;
    case '#': // Ignore the rest of the constraint alternative.
      while (Constraint[1] && Constraint[1] != ',')
	Constraint++;
      break;
    case ',':
      Result += "|";
      break;
    case 'g':
      Result += "imr";
      break;
    case '[': {
      assert(OutCons &&
             "Must pass output names to constraints with a symbolic name");
      unsigned Index;
      bool result = Target.resolveSymbolicName(Constraint,
                                               &(*OutCons)[0],
                                               OutCons->size(), Index);
      assert(result && "Could not resolve symbolic name"); (void)result;
      Result += llvm::utostr(Index);
      break;
    }
    }

    Constraint++;
  }

  return Result;
}

/// AddVariableConstraints - Look at AsmExpr and if it is a variable declared
/// as using a particular register add that as a constraint that will be used
/// in this asm stmt.
static std::string
AddVariableConstraints(const std::string &Constraint, const Expr &AsmExpr,
                       const TargetInfo &Target, CodeGenModule &CGM,
                       const AsmStmt &Stmt) {
  const DeclRefExpr *AsmDeclRef = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(&AsmExpr);
  if (!AsmDeclRef)
    return Constraint;
  const ValueDecl &Value = *AsmDeclRef->getDecl();
  const VarDecl *Variable = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(&Value);
  if (!Variable)
    return Constraint;
  if (Variable->getStorageClass() != SC_Register)
    return Constraint;
  AsmLabelAttr *Attr = Variable->getAttr<AsmLabelAttr>();
  if (!Attr)
    return Constraint;
  StringRef Register = Attr->getLabel();
  assert(Target.isValidGCCRegisterName(Register));
  // We're using validateOutputConstraint here because we only care if
  // this is a register constraint.
  TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo Info(Constraint, "");
  if (Target.validateOutputConstraint(Info) &&
      !Info.allowsRegister()) {
    CGM.ErrorUnsupported(&Stmt, "__asm__");
    return Constraint;
  }
  // Canonicalize the register here before returning it.
  Register = Target.getNormalizedGCCRegisterName(Register);
  return "{" + Register.str() + "}";
}

llvm::Value*
CodeGenFunction::EmitAsmInputLValue(const TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo &Info,
                                    LValue InputValue, QualType InputType,
                                    std::string &ConstraintStr) {
  llvm::Value *Arg;
  if (Info.allowsRegister() || !Info.allowsMemory()) {
    if (CodeGenFunction::hasScalarEvaluationKind(InputType)) {
      Arg = EmitLoadOfLValue(InputValue).getScalarVal();
    } else {
      llvm::Type *Ty = ConvertType(InputType);
      uint64_t Size = CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeSizeInBits(Ty);
      if (Size <= 64 && llvm::isPowerOf2_64(Size)) {
        Ty = llvm::IntegerType::get(getLLVMContext(), Size);
        Ty = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Ty);

        Arg = Builder.CreateLoad(Builder.CreateBitCast(InputValue.getAddress(),
                                                       Ty));
      } else {
        Arg = InputValue.getAddress();
        ConstraintStr += '*';
      }
    }
  } else {
    Arg = InputValue.getAddress();
    ConstraintStr += '*';
  }

  return Arg;
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenFunction::EmitAsmInput(
                                         const TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo &Info,
                                           const Expr *InputExpr,
                                           std::string &ConstraintStr) {
  if (Info.allowsRegister() || !Info.allowsMemory())
    if (CodeGenFunction::hasScalarEvaluationKind(InputExpr->getType()))
      return EmitScalarExpr(InputExpr);

  InputExpr = InputExpr->IgnoreParenNoopCasts(getContext());
  LValue Dest = EmitLValue(InputExpr);
  return EmitAsmInputLValue(Info, Dest, InputExpr->getType(), ConstraintStr);
}

/// getAsmSrcLocInfo - Return the !srcloc metadata node to attach to an inline
/// asm call instruction.  The !srcloc MDNode contains a list of constant
/// integers which are the source locations of the start of each line in the
/// asm.
static llvm::MDNode *getAsmSrcLocInfo(const StringLiteral *Str,
                                      CodeGenFunction &CGF) {
  SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 8> Locs;
  // Add the location of the first line to the MDNode.
  Locs.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty,
                                        Str->getLocStart().getRawEncoding()));
  StringRef StrVal = Str->getString();
  if (!StrVal.empty()) {
    const SourceManager &SM = CGF.CGM.getContext().getSourceManager();
    const LangOptions &LangOpts = CGF.CGM.getLangOpts();

    // Add the location of the start of each subsequent line of the asm to the
    // MDNode.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = StrVal.size()-1; i != e; ++i) {
      if (StrVal[i] != '\n') continue;
      SourceLocation LineLoc = Str->getLocationOfByte(i+1, SM, LangOpts,
                                                      CGF.getTarget());
      Locs.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty,
                                            LineLoc.getRawEncoding()));
    }
  }

  return llvm::MDNode::get(CGF.getLLVMContext(), Locs);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitAsmStmt(const AsmStmt &S) {
  // Assemble the final asm string.
  std::string AsmString = S.generateAsmString(getContext());

  // Get all the output and input constraints together.
  SmallVector<TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo, 4> OutputConstraintInfos;
  SmallVector<TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo, 4> InputConstraintInfos;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = S.getNumOutputs(); i != e; i++) {
    StringRef Name;
    if (const GCCAsmStmt *GAS = dyn_cast<GCCAsmStmt>(&S))
      Name = GAS->getOutputName(i);
    TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo Info(S.getOutputConstraint(i), Name);
    bool IsValid = getTarget().validateOutputConstraint(Info); (void)IsValid;
    assert(IsValid && "Failed to parse output constraint"); 
    OutputConstraintInfos.push_back(Info);
  }

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = S.getNumInputs(); i != e; i++) {
    StringRef Name;
    if (const GCCAsmStmt *GAS = dyn_cast<GCCAsmStmt>(&S))
      Name = GAS->getInputName(i);
    TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo Info(S.getInputConstraint(i), Name);
    bool IsValid =
      getTarget().validateInputConstraint(OutputConstraintInfos.data(),
                                          S.getNumOutputs(), Info);
    assert(IsValid && "Failed to parse input constraint"); (void)IsValid;
    InputConstraintInfos.push_back(Info);
  }

  std::string Constraints;

  std::vector<LValue> ResultRegDests;
  std::vector<QualType> ResultRegQualTys;
  std::vector<llvm::Type *> ResultRegTypes;
  std::vector<llvm::Type *> ResultTruncRegTypes;
  std::vector<llvm::Type *> ArgTypes;
  std::vector<llvm::Value*> Args;

  // Keep track of inout constraints.
  std::string InOutConstraints;
  std::vector<llvm::Value*> InOutArgs;
  std::vector<llvm::Type*> InOutArgTypes;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = S.getNumOutputs(); i != e; i++) {
    TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo &Info = OutputConstraintInfos[i];

    // Simplify the output constraint.
    std::string OutputConstraint(S.getOutputConstraint(i));
    OutputConstraint = SimplifyConstraint(OutputConstraint.c_str() + 1,
                                          getTarget());

    const Expr *OutExpr = S.getOutputExpr(i);
    OutExpr = OutExpr->IgnoreParenNoopCasts(getContext());

    OutputConstraint = AddVariableConstraints(OutputConstraint, *OutExpr,
                                              getTarget(), CGM, S);

    LValue Dest = EmitLValue(OutExpr);
    if (!Constraints.empty())
      Constraints += ',';

    // If this is a register output, then make the inline asm return it
    // by-value.  If this is a memory result, return the value by-reference.
    if (!Info.allowsMemory() && hasScalarEvaluationKind(OutExpr->getType())) {
      Constraints += "=" + OutputConstraint;
      ResultRegQualTys.push_back(OutExpr->getType());
      ResultRegDests.push_back(Dest);
      ResultRegTypes.push_back(ConvertTypeForMem(OutExpr->getType()));
      ResultTruncRegTypes.push_back(ResultRegTypes.back());

      // If this output is tied to an input, and if the input is larger, then
      // we need to set the actual result type of the inline asm node to be the
      // same as the input type.
      if (Info.hasMatchingInput()) {
        unsigned InputNo;
        for (InputNo = 0; InputNo != S.getNumInputs(); ++InputNo) {
          TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo &Input = InputConstraintInfos[InputNo];
          if (Input.hasTiedOperand() && Input.getTiedOperand() == i)
            break;
        }
        assert(InputNo != S.getNumInputs() && "Didn't find matching input!");

        QualType InputTy = S.getInputExpr(InputNo)->getType();
        QualType OutputType = OutExpr->getType();

        uint64_t InputSize = getContext().getTypeSize(InputTy);
        if (getContext().getTypeSize(OutputType) < InputSize) {
          // Form the asm to return the value as a larger integer or fp type.
          ResultRegTypes.back() = ConvertType(InputTy);
        }
      }
      if (llvm::Type* AdjTy =
            getTargetHooks().adjustInlineAsmType(*this, OutputConstraint,
                                                 ResultRegTypes.back()))
        ResultRegTypes.back() = AdjTy;
      else {
        CGM.getDiags().Report(S.getAsmLoc(),
                              diag::err_asm_invalid_type_in_input)
            << OutExpr->getType() << OutputConstraint;
      }
    } else {
      ArgTypes.push_back(Dest.getAddress()->getType());
      Args.push_back(Dest.getAddress());
      Constraints += "=*";
      Constraints += OutputConstraint;
    }

    if (Info.isReadWrite()) {
      InOutConstraints += ',';

      const Expr *InputExpr = S.getOutputExpr(i);
      llvm::Value *Arg = EmitAsmInputLValue(Info, Dest, InputExpr->getType(),
                                            InOutConstraints);

      if (llvm::Type* AdjTy =
          getTargetHooks().adjustInlineAsmType(*this, OutputConstraint,
                                               Arg->getType()))
        Arg = Builder.CreateBitCast(Arg, AdjTy);

      if (Info.allowsRegister())
        InOutConstraints += llvm::utostr(i);
      else
        InOutConstraints += OutputConstraint;

      InOutArgTypes.push_back(Arg->getType());
      InOutArgs.push_back(Arg);
    }
  }

  unsigned NumConstraints = S.getNumOutputs() + S.getNumInputs();

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = S.getNumInputs(); i != e; i++) {
    const Expr *InputExpr = S.getInputExpr(i);

    TargetInfo::ConstraintInfo &Info = InputConstraintInfos[i];

    if (!Constraints.empty())
      Constraints += ',';

    // Simplify the input constraint.
    std::string InputConstraint(S.getInputConstraint(i));
    InputConstraint = SimplifyConstraint(InputConstraint.c_str(), getTarget(),
                                         &OutputConstraintInfos);

    InputConstraint =
      AddVariableConstraints(InputConstraint,
                            *InputExpr->IgnoreParenNoopCasts(getContext()),
                            getTarget(), CGM, S);

    llvm::Value *Arg = EmitAsmInput(Info, InputExpr, Constraints);

    // If this input argument is tied to a larger output result, extend the
    // input to be the same size as the output.  The LLVM backend wants to see
    // the input and output of a matching constraint be the same size.  Note
    // that GCC does not define what the top bits are here.  We use zext because
    // that is usually cheaper, but LLVM IR should really get an anyext someday.
    if (Info.hasTiedOperand()) {
      unsigned Output = Info.getTiedOperand();
      QualType OutputType = S.getOutputExpr(Output)->getType();
      QualType InputTy = InputExpr->getType();

      if (getContext().getTypeSize(OutputType) >
          getContext().getTypeSize(InputTy)) {
        // Use ptrtoint as appropriate so that we can do our extension.
        if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(Arg->getType()))
          Arg = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Arg, IntPtrTy);
        llvm::Type *OutputTy = ConvertType(OutputType);
        if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(OutputTy))
          Arg = Builder.CreateZExt(Arg, OutputTy);
        else if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(OutputTy))
          Arg = Builder.CreateZExt(Arg, IntPtrTy);
        else {
          assert(OutputTy->isFloatingPointTy() && "Unexpected output type");
          Arg = Builder.CreateFPExt(Arg, OutputTy);
        }
      }
    }
    if (llvm::Type* AdjTy =
              getTargetHooks().adjustInlineAsmType(*this, InputConstraint,
                                                   Arg->getType()))
      Arg = Builder.CreateBitCast(Arg, AdjTy);
    else
      CGM.getDiags().Report(S.getAsmLoc(), diag::err_asm_invalid_type_in_input)
          << InputExpr->getType() << InputConstraint;

    ArgTypes.push_back(Arg->getType());
    Args.push_back(Arg);
    Constraints += InputConstraint;
  }

  // Append the "input" part of inout constraints last.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = InOutArgs.size(); i != e; i++) {
    ArgTypes.push_back(InOutArgTypes[i]);
    Args.push_back(InOutArgs[i]);
  }
  Constraints += InOutConstraints;

  // Clobbers
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = S.getNumClobbers(); i != e; i++) {
    StringRef Clobber = S.getClobber(i);

    if (Clobber != "memory" && Clobber != "cc")
    Clobber = getTarget().getNormalizedGCCRegisterName(Clobber);

    if (i != 0 || NumConstraints != 0)
      Constraints += ',';

    Constraints += "~{";
    Constraints += Clobber;
    Constraints += '}';
  }

  // Add machine specific clobbers
  std::string MachineClobbers = getTarget().getClobbers();
  if (!MachineClobbers.empty()) {
    if (!Constraints.empty())
      Constraints += ',';
    Constraints += MachineClobbers;
  }

  llvm::Type *ResultType;
  if (ResultRegTypes.empty())
    ResultType = VoidTy;
  else if (ResultRegTypes.size() == 1)
    ResultType = ResultRegTypes[0];
  else
    ResultType = llvm::StructType::get(getLLVMContext(), ResultRegTypes);

  llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(ResultType, ArgTypes, false);

  bool HasSideEffect = S.isVolatile() || S.getNumOutputs() == 0;
  llvm::InlineAsm::AsmDialect AsmDialect = isa<MSAsmStmt>(&S) ?
    llvm::InlineAsm::AD_Intel : llvm::InlineAsm::AD_ATT;
  llvm::InlineAsm *IA =
    llvm::InlineAsm::get(FTy, AsmString, Constraints, HasSideEffect,
                         /* IsAlignStack */ false, AsmDialect);
  llvm::CallInst *Result = Builder.CreateCall(IA, Args);
  Result->addAttribute(llvm::AttributeSet::FunctionIndex,
                       llvm::Attribute::NoUnwind);

  // Slap the source location of the inline asm into a !srcloc metadata on the
  // call.  FIXME: Handle metadata for MS-style inline asms.
  if (const GCCAsmStmt *gccAsmStmt = dyn_cast<GCCAsmStmt>(&S))
    Result->setMetadata("srcloc", getAsmSrcLocInfo(gccAsmStmt->getAsmString(),
                                                   *this));

  // Extract all of the register value results from the asm.
  std::vector<llvm::Value*> RegResults;
  if (ResultRegTypes.size() == 1) {
    RegResults.push_back(Result);
  } else {
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = ResultRegTypes.size(); i != e; ++i) {
      llvm::Value *Tmp = Builder.CreateExtractValue(Result, i, "asmresult");
      RegResults.push_back(Tmp);
    }
  }

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = RegResults.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    llvm::Value *Tmp = RegResults[i];

    // If the result type of the LLVM IR asm doesn't match the result type of
    // the expression, do the conversion.
    if (ResultRegTypes[i] != ResultTruncRegTypes[i]) {
      llvm::Type *TruncTy = ResultTruncRegTypes[i];

      // Truncate the integer result to the right size, note that TruncTy can be
      // a pointer.
      if (TruncTy->isFloatingPointTy())
        Tmp = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(Tmp, TruncTy);
      else if (TruncTy->isPointerTy() && Tmp->getType()->isIntegerTy()) {
        uint64_t ResSize = CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeSizeInBits(TruncTy);
        Tmp = Builder.CreateTrunc(Tmp,
                   llvm::IntegerType::get(getLLVMContext(), (unsigned)ResSize));
        Tmp = Builder.CreateIntToPtr(Tmp, TruncTy);
      } else if (Tmp->getType()->isPointerTy() && TruncTy->isIntegerTy()) {
        uint64_t TmpSize =CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeSizeInBits(Tmp->getType());
        Tmp = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Tmp,
                   llvm::IntegerType::get(getLLVMContext(), (unsigned)TmpSize));
        Tmp = Builder.CreateTrunc(Tmp, TruncTy);
      } else if (TruncTy->isIntegerTy()) {
        Tmp = Builder.CreateTrunc(Tmp, TruncTy);
      } else if (TruncTy->isVectorTy()) {
        Tmp = Builder.CreateBitCast(Tmp, TruncTy);
      }
    }

    EmitStoreThroughLValue(RValue::get(Tmp), ResultRegDests[i]);
  }
}

static LValue InitCapturedStruct(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const CapturedStmt &S) {
  const RecordDecl *RD = S.getCapturedRecordDecl();
  QualType RecordTy = CGF.getContext().getRecordType(RD);

  // Initialize the captured struct.
  LValue SlotLV = CGF.MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(
                    CGF.CreateMemTemp(RecordTy, "agg.captured"), RecordTy);

  RecordDecl::field_iterator CurField = RD->field_begin();
  for (CapturedStmt::capture_init_iterator I = S.capture_init_begin(),
                                           E = S.capture_init_end();
       I != E; ++I, ++CurField) {
    LValue LV = CGF.EmitLValueForFieldInitialization(SlotLV, *CurField);
    CGF.EmitInitializerForField(*CurField, LV, *I, ArrayRef<VarDecl *>());
  }

  return SlotLV;
}

/// Generate an outlined function for the body of a CapturedStmt, store any
/// captured variables into the captured struct, and call the outlined function.
llvm::Function *
CodeGenFunction::EmitCapturedStmt(const CapturedStmt &S, CapturedRegionKind K) {
  const CapturedDecl *CD = S.getCapturedDecl();
  const RecordDecl *RD = S.getCapturedRecordDecl();
  assert(CD->hasBody() && "missing CapturedDecl body");

  LValue CapStruct = InitCapturedStruct(*this, S);

  // Emit the CapturedDecl
  CodeGenFunction CGF(CGM, true);
  CGF.CapturedStmtInfo = new CGCapturedStmtInfo(S, K);
  llvm::Function *F = CGF.GenerateCapturedStmtFunction(CD, RD);
  delete CGF.CapturedStmtInfo;

  // Emit call to the helper function.
  EmitCallOrInvoke(F, CapStruct.getAddress());

  return F;
}

/// Creates the outlined function for a CapturedStmt.
llvm::Function *
CodeGenFunction::GenerateCapturedStmtFunction(const CapturedDecl *CD,
                                              const RecordDecl *RD) {
  assert(CapturedStmtInfo &&
    "CapturedStmtInfo should be set when generating the captured function");

  // Check if we should generate debug info for this function.
  maybeInitializeDebugInfo();

  // Build the argument list.
  ASTContext &Ctx = CGM.getContext();
  FunctionArgList Args;
  Args.append(CD->param_begin(), CD->param_end());

  // Create the function declaration.
  FunctionType::ExtInfo ExtInfo;
  const CGFunctionInfo &FuncInfo =
    CGM.getTypes().arrangeFunctionDeclaration(Ctx.VoidTy, Args, ExtInfo,
                                              /*IsVariadic=*/false);
  llvm::FunctionType *FuncLLVMTy = CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(FuncInfo);

  llvm::Function *F =
    llvm::Function::Create(FuncLLVMTy, llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,
                           CapturedStmtInfo->getHelperName(), &CGM.getModule());
  CGM.SetInternalFunctionAttributes(CD, F, FuncInfo);

  // Generate the function.
  StartFunction(CD, Ctx.VoidTy, F, FuncInfo, Args, CD->getBody()->getLocStart());

  // Set the context parameter in CapturedStmtInfo.
  llvm::Value *DeclPtr = LocalDeclMap[CD->getContextParam()];
  assert(DeclPtr && "missing context parameter for CapturedStmt");
  CapturedStmtInfo->setContextValue(Builder.CreateLoad(DeclPtr));

  // If 'this' is captured, load it into CXXThisValue.
  if (CapturedStmtInfo->isCXXThisExprCaptured()) {
    FieldDecl *FD = CapturedStmtInfo->getThisFieldDecl();
    LValue LV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(CapturedStmtInfo->getContextValue(),
                                           Ctx.getTagDeclType(RD));
    LValue ThisLValue = EmitLValueForField(LV, FD);

    CXXThisValue = EmitLoadOfLValue(ThisLValue).getScalarVal();
  }

  CapturedStmtInfo->EmitBody(*this, CD->getBody());
  FinishFunction(CD->getBodyRBrace());

  return F;
}