lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp

//===--- CodeGenModule.cpp - Emit LLVM Code from ASTs for a Module --------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This coordinates the per-module state used while generating code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "CGDebugInfo.h"
#include "CodeGenModule.h"
#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
#include "clang/Basic/Diagnostic.h"
#include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CallingConv.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
#include <algorithm>
using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;


CodeGenModule::CodeGenModule(ASTContext &C, const LangOptions &LO,
                             llvm::Module &M, const llvm::TargetData &TD,
                             Diagnostic &diags, bool GenerateDebugInfo)
  : Context(C), Features(LO), TheModule(M), TheTargetData(TD), Diags(diags),
    Types(C, M, TD), MemCpyFn(0), MemMoveFn(0), MemSetFn(0),
    CFConstantStringClassRef(0) {
  //TODO: Make this selectable at runtime
  Runtime = CreateObjCRuntime(M,
      getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().IntTy),
      getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().LongTy));

  // If debug info generation is enabled, create the CGDebugInfo object.
  if (GenerateDebugInfo)
    DebugInfo = new CGDebugInfo(this);
  else
    DebugInfo = NULL;
}

CodeGenModule::~CodeGenModule() {
  EmitStatics();
  llvm::Function *ObjCInitFunction = Runtime->ModuleInitFunction();
  if (ObjCInitFunction)
    AddGlobalCtor(ObjCInitFunction);
  EmitGlobalCtors();
  EmitAnnotations();
  delete Runtime;
  delete DebugInfo;
  // Run the verifier to check that the generated code is consistent.
  assert(!verifyModule(TheModule));
}

/// WarnUnsupported - Print out a warning that codegen doesn't support the
/// specified stmt yet.
void CodeGenModule::WarnUnsupported(const Stmt *S, const char *Type) {
  unsigned DiagID = getDiags().getCustomDiagID(Diagnostic::Warning, 
                                               "cannot codegen this %0 yet");
  SourceRange Range = S->getSourceRange();
  std::string Msg = Type;
  getDiags().Report(Context.getFullLoc(S->getLocStart()), DiagID,
                    &Msg, 1, &Range, 1);
}

/// WarnUnsupported - Print out a warning that codegen doesn't support the
/// specified decl yet.
void CodeGenModule::WarnUnsupported(const Decl *D, const char *Type) {
  unsigned DiagID = getDiags().getCustomDiagID(Diagnostic::Warning, 
                                               "cannot codegen this %0 yet");
  std::string Msg = Type;
  getDiags().Report(Context.getFullLoc(D->getLocation()), DiagID,
                    &Msg, 1);
}

/// setVisibility - Set the visibility for the given LLVM GlobalValue
/// according to the given clang AST visibility value.
void CodeGenModule::setVisibility(llvm::GlobalValue *GV,
                                  VisibilityAttr::VisibilityTypes Vis) {
  switch (Vis) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown visibility!");
  case VisibilityAttr::DefaultVisibility:
    GV->setVisibility(llvm::GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility);
    break;
  case VisibilityAttr::HiddenVisibility:
    GV->setVisibility(llvm::GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
    break;
  case VisibilityAttr::ProtectedVisibility:
    GV->setVisibility(llvm::GlobalValue::ProtectedVisibility);
    break;
  }
}

/// AddGlobalCtor - Add a function to the list that will be called before
/// main() runs.
void CodeGenModule::AddGlobalCtor(llvm::Function * Ctor) {
  // TODO: Type coercion of void()* types.
  GlobalCtors.push_back(Ctor);
}

/// EmitGlobalCtors - Generates the array of contsturctor functions to be
/// called on module load, if any have been registered with AddGlobalCtor.
void CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalCtors() {
  if (GlobalCtors.empty()) return;
  
  // Get the type of @llvm.global_ctors
  std::vector<const llvm::Type*> CtorFields;
  CtorFields.push_back(llvm::IntegerType::get(32));
  // Constructor function type
  std::vector<const llvm::Type*> VoidArgs;
  llvm::FunctionType* CtorFuncTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::VoidTy, VoidArgs, false);
  
  // i32, function type pair
  const llvm::Type *FPType = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(CtorFuncTy);
  llvm::StructType* CtorStructTy = 
  llvm::StructType::get(llvm::Type::Int32Ty, FPType, NULL);
  // Array of fields
  llvm::ArrayType* GlobalCtorsTy = 
    llvm::ArrayType::get(CtorStructTy, GlobalCtors.size());
  
  // Define the global variable
  llvm::GlobalVariable *GlobalCtorsVal =
    new llvm::GlobalVariable(GlobalCtorsTy, false,
                             llvm::GlobalValue::AppendingLinkage,
                             (llvm::Constant*)0, "llvm.global_ctors",
                             &TheModule);

  // Populate the array
  std::vector<llvm::Constant*> CtorValues;
  llvm::Constant *MagicNumber = 
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::Int32Ty, 65535, false);
  std::vector<llvm::Constant*> StructValues;
  for (std::vector<llvm::Constant*>::iterator I = GlobalCtors.begin(), 
       E = GlobalCtors.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    StructValues.clear();
    StructValues.push_back(MagicNumber);
    StructValues.push_back(*I);

    CtorValues.push_back(llvm::ConstantStruct::get(CtorStructTy, StructValues));
  }
  
  GlobalCtorsVal->setInitializer(llvm::ConstantArray::get(GlobalCtorsTy,
                                                          CtorValues));
}



void CodeGenModule::EmitAnnotations() {
  if (Annotations.empty())
    return;

  // Create a new global variable for the ConstantStruct in the Module.
  llvm::Constant *Array =
  llvm::ConstantArray::get(llvm::ArrayType::get(Annotations[0]->getType(),
                                                Annotations.size()),
                           Annotations);
  llvm::GlobalValue *gv = 
  new llvm::GlobalVariable(Array->getType(), false,  
                           llvm::GlobalValue::AppendingLinkage, Array, 
                           "llvm.global.annotations", &TheModule);
  gv->setSection("llvm.metadata");
}

/// ReplaceMapValuesWith - This is a really slow and bad function that
/// searches for any entries in GlobalDeclMap that point to OldVal, changing
/// them to point to NewVal.  This is badbadbad, FIXME!
void CodeGenModule::ReplaceMapValuesWith(llvm::Constant *OldVal,
                                         llvm::Constant *NewVal) {
  for (llvm::DenseMap<const Decl*, llvm::Constant*>::iterator 
       I = GlobalDeclMap.begin(), E = GlobalDeclMap.end(); I != E; ++I)
    if (I->second == OldVal) I->second = NewVal;
}

bool hasAggregateLLVMType(QualType T) {
  return !T->isRealType() && !T->isPointerLikeType() &&
         !T->isVoidType() && !T->isVectorType() && !T->isFunctionType();
}

void CodeGenModule::SetFunctionAttributes(const FunctionDecl *FD,
                                          llvm::Function *F,
                                          const llvm::FunctionType *FTy) {
  unsigned FuncAttrs = 0;
  if (FD->getAttr<NoThrowAttr>())
    FuncAttrs |= llvm::ParamAttr::NoUnwind;
  if (FD->getAttr<NoReturnAttr>())
    FuncAttrs |= llvm::ParamAttr::NoReturn;

  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::ParamAttrsWithIndex, 8> ParamAttrList;
  if (FuncAttrs)
    ParamAttrList.push_back(llvm::ParamAttrsWithIndex::get(0, FuncAttrs));
  // Note that there is parallel code in CodeGenFunction::EmitCallExpr
  bool AggregateReturn = hasAggregateLLVMType(FD->getResultType());
  if (AggregateReturn)
    ParamAttrList.push_back(
        llvm::ParamAttrsWithIndex::get(1, llvm::ParamAttr::StructRet));
  unsigned increment = AggregateReturn ? 2 : 1;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < FD->getNumParams(); i++) {
    QualType ParamType = FD->getParamDecl(i)->getType();
    unsigned ParamAttrs = 0;
    if (ParamType->isRecordType())
      ParamAttrs |= llvm::ParamAttr::ByVal;
    if (ParamType->isSignedIntegerType() && ParamType->isPromotableIntegerType())
      ParamAttrs |= llvm::ParamAttr::SExt;
    if (ParamType->isUnsignedIntegerType() && ParamType->isPromotableIntegerType())
      ParamAttrs |= llvm::ParamAttr::ZExt;
    if (ParamAttrs)
      ParamAttrList.push_back(llvm::ParamAttrsWithIndex::get(i + increment,
                                                             ParamAttrs));
  }
  F->setParamAttrs(llvm::PAListPtr::get(ParamAttrList.begin(),
                                        ParamAttrList.size()));

  // Set the appropriate calling convention for the Function.
  if (FD->getAttr<FastCallAttr>())
    F->setCallingConv(llvm::CallingConv::Fast);

  // TODO: Set up linkage and many other things.  Note, this is a simple 
  // approximation of what we really want.
  if (FD->getStorageClass() == FunctionDecl::Static)
    F->setLinkage(llvm::Function::InternalLinkage);
  else if (FD->getAttr<DLLImportAttr>())
    F->setLinkage(llvm::Function::DLLImportLinkage);
  else if (FD->getAttr<DLLExportAttr>())
    F->setLinkage(llvm::Function::DLLExportLinkage);
  else if (FD->getAttr<WeakAttr>() || FD->isInline())
    F->setLinkage(llvm::Function::WeakLinkage);

  if (const VisibilityAttr *attr = FD->getAttr<VisibilityAttr>())
    CodeGenModule::setVisibility(F, attr->getVisibility());
  // FIXME: else handle -fvisibility
}



llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfFunctionDecl(const FunctionDecl *D,
                                                     bool isDefinition) {
  // See if it is already in the map.  If so, just return it.
  llvm::Constant *&Entry = GlobalDeclMap[D];
  if (!isDefinition && Entry) return Entry;

  const llvm::Type *Ty = getTypes().ConvertType(D->getType());
  
  // Check to see if the function already exists.
  llvm::Function *F = getModule().getFunction(D->getName());
  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy = cast<llvm::FunctionType>(Ty);

  // If it doesn't already exist, just create and return an entry.
  if (F == 0) {
    // FIXME: param attributes for sext/zext etc.
    F = llvm::Function::Create(FTy, llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage,
                               D->getName(), &getModule());

    SetFunctionAttributes(D, F, FTy);
    return Entry = F;
  }
  
  // If the pointer type matches, just return it.
  llvm::Type *PFTy = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Ty);
  if (PFTy == F->getType()) return Entry = F;
    
  // If this isn't a definition, just return it casted to the right type.
  if (!isDefinition)
    return Entry = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(F, PFTy);
  
  // Otherwise, we have a definition after a prototype with the wrong type.
  // F is the Function* for the one with the wrong type, we must make a new
  // Function* and update everything that used F (a declaration) with the new
  // Function* (which will be a definition).
  //
  // This happens if there is a prototype for a function (e.g. "int f()") and
  // then a definition of a different type (e.g. "int f(int x)").  Start by
  // making a new function of the correct type, RAUW, then steal the name.
  llvm::Function *NewFn = llvm::Function::Create(FTy, 
                                             llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage,
                                             "", &getModule());
  NewFn->takeName(F);
  
  // Replace uses of F with the Function we will endow with a body.
  llvm::Constant *NewPtrForOldDecl = 
    llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(NewFn, F->getType());
  F->replaceAllUsesWith(NewPtrForOldDecl);
  
  // FIXME: Update the globaldeclmap for the previous decl of this name.  We
  // really want a way to walk all of these, but we don't have it yet.  This
  // is incredibly slow!
  ReplaceMapValuesWith(F, NewPtrForOldDecl);
  
  // Ok, delete the old function now, which is dead.
  assert(F->isDeclaration() && "Shouldn't replace non-declaration");
  F->eraseFromParent();

  SetFunctionAttributes(D, NewFn, FTy);
  // Return the new function which has the right type.
  return Entry = NewFn;
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfGlobalVar(const VarDecl *D,
                                                  bool isDefinition) {
  assert(D->hasGlobalStorage() && "Not a global variable");
  assert(!isDefinition && "This shouldn't be called for definitions!");

  // See if it is already in the map.
  llvm::Constant *&Entry = GlobalDeclMap[D];
  if (Entry) return Entry;

  QualType ASTTy = D->getType();
  const llvm::Type *Ty = getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(ASTTy);

  // Check to see if the global already exists.
  llvm::GlobalVariable *GV = getModule().getGlobalVariable(D->getName(), true);

  // If it doesn't already exist, just create and return an entry.
  if (GV == 0) {
    return Entry = new llvm::GlobalVariable(Ty, false, 
                                            llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
                                            0, D->getName(), &getModule(), 0,
                                            ASTTy.getAddressSpace());
  }

  // Otherwise, it already exists; return the existing version
  llvm::PointerType *PTy = llvm::PointerType::get(Ty, ASTTy.getAddressSpace());
  return Entry = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(GV, PTy);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitObjCMethod(const ObjCMethodDecl *OMD) {
  // If this is not a prototype, emit the body.
  if (OMD->getBody())
    CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateObjCMethod(OMD);
}
void CodeGenModule::EmitObjCProtocolImplementation(const ObjCProtocolDecl *PD){
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 16> Protocols;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = PD->getNumReferencedProtocols() ; i < e ; i++)
    Protocols.push_back(PD->getReferencedProtocols()[i]->getName());
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCProtocolDecl::instmeth_iterator iter = PD->instmeth_begin(),
      endIter = PD->instmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    InstanceMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    InstanceMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }
  // Collect information about class methods:
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCProtocolDecl::classmeth_iterator iter = PD->classmeth_begin(),
      endIter = PD->classmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    ClassMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    ClassMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }
  Runtime->GenerateProtocol(PD->getName(), Protocols, InstanceMethodNames,
      InstanceMethodTypes, ClassMethodNames, ClassMethodTypes);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitObjCCategoryImpl(const ObjCCategoryImplDecl *OCD) {

  // Collect information about instance methods
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCCategoryDecl::instmeth_iterator iter = OCD->instmeth_begin(),
      endIter = OCD->instmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    InstanceMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    InstanceMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }

  // Collect information about class methods
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCCategoryDecl::classmeth_iterator iter = OCD->classmeth_begin(),
      endIter = OCD->classmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    ClassMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    ClassMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }

  // Collect the names of referenced protocols
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 16> Protocols;
  ObjCInterfaceDecl * ClassDecl = (ObjCInterfaceDecl*)OCD->getClassInterface();
  for (unsigned i=0 ; i<ClassDecl->getNumIntfRefProtocols() ; i++)
    Protocols.push_back(ClassDecl->getReferencedProtocols()[i]->getName());

  // Generate the category
  Runtime->GenerateCategory(OCD->getClassInterface()->getName(),
      OCD->getName(), InstanceMethodNames, InstanceMethodTypes,
      ClassMethodNames, ClassMethodTypes, Protocols);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitObjCClassImplementation(
    const ObjCImplementationDecl *OID) {
  // Get the superclass name.
  const ObjCInterfaceDecl * SCDecl = OID->getClassInterface()->getSuperClass();
  const char * SCName = NULL;
  if (SCDecl) {
    SCName = SCDecl->getName();
  }

  // Get the class name
  ObjCInterfaceDecl * ClassDecl = (ObjCInterfaceDecl*)OID->getClassInterface();
  const char * ClassName = ClassDecl->getName();

  // Get the size of instances.  For runtimes that support late-bound instances
  // this should probably be something different (size just of instance
  // varaibles in this class, not superclasses?).
  int instanceSize = 0;
  const llvm::Type *ObjTy;
  if (!Runtime->LateBoundIVars()) {
    ObjTy = getTypes().ConvertType(Context.getObjCInterfaceType(ClassDecl));
    instanceSize = TheTargetData.getABITypeSize(ObjTy);
  }

  // Collect information about instance variables.
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> IvarNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> IvarTypes;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> IvarOffsets;
  const llvm::StructLayout *Layout =
    TheTargetData.getStructLayout(cast<llvm::StructType>(ObjTy));
  ObjTy = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(ObjTy);
  for (ObjCInterfaceDecl::ivar_iterator iter = ClassDecl->ivar_begin(),
      endIter = ClassDecl->ivar_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
      // Store the name
      IvarNames.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getName()));
      // Get the type encoding for this ivar
      std::string TypeStr;
      llvm::SmallVector<const RecordType *, 8> EncodingRecordTypes;
      Context.getObjCEncodingForType((*iter)->getType(), TypeStr,
                                     EncodingRecordTypes);
      IvarTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
      // Get the offset
      int offset =
        (int)Layout->getElementOffset(getTypes().getLLVMFieldNo(*iter));
      IvarOffsets.push_back(
          llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::Int32Ty, offset));
  }

  // Collect information about instance methods
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> InstanceMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCImplementationDecl::instmeth_iterator iter = OID->instmeth_begin(),
      endIter = OID->instmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    InstanceMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    InstanceMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }

  // Collect information about class methods
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodNames;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> ClassMethodTypes;
  for (ObjCImplementationDecl::classmeth_iterator iter = OID->classmeth_begin(),
      endIter = OID->classmeth_end() ; iter != endIter ; iter++) {
    std::string TypeStr;
    Context.getObjCEncodingForMethodDecl((*iter),TypeStr);
    ClassMethodNames.push_back(
        GetAddrOfConstantString((*iter)->getSelector().getName()));
    ClassMethodTypes.push_back(GetAddrOfConstantString(TypeStr));
  }
  // Collect the names of referenced protocols
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 16> Protocols;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = ClassDecl->getNumIntfRefProtocols() ; i < e ; i++)
    Protocols.push_back(ClassDecl->getReferencedProtocols()[i]->getName());

  // Generate the category
  Runtime->GenerateClass(ClassName, SCName, instanceSize, IvarNames, IvarTypes,
      IvarOffsets, InstanceMethodNames, InstanceMethodTypes, ClassMethodNames,
      ClassMethodTypes, Protocols);
}


void CodeGenModule::EmitFunction(const FunctionDecl *FD) {
  // If this is not a prototype, emit the body.
  if (!FD->isThisDeclarationADefinition())
    return;
  
  // If the function is a static, defer code generation until later so we can
  // easily omit unused statics.
  if (FD->getStorageClass() != FunctionDecl::Static) {
    CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCode(FD);
    return;
  }

  StaticDecls.push_back(FD);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitStatics() {
  // Emit code for each used static decl encountered.  Since a previously unused
  // static decl may become used during the generation of code for a static
  // function, iterate until no changes are made.
  bool Changed;
  do {
    Changed = false;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = StaticDecls.size(); i != e; ++i) {
      const Decl *D = StaticDecls[i];

      // Check if we have used a decl with the same name
      // FIXME: The AST should have some sort of aggregate decls or
      // global symbol map.
      if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D)) {
        if (!getModule().getFunction(FD->getName()))
          continue;
      } else {
        if (!getModule().getNamedGlobal(cast<VarDecl>(D)->getName()))
          continue;
      }

      // If this is a function decl, generate code for the static function if it
      // has a body.  Otherwise, we must have a var decl for a static global
      // variable.
      if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D)) {
        if (FD->getBody())
          CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCode(FD);
      } else {
        EmitGlobalVarInit(cast<VarDecl>(D));
      }
      // Erase the used decl from the list.
      StaticDecls[i] = StaticDecls.back();
      StaticDecls.pop_back();
      --i;
      --e;
      
      // Remember that we made a change.
      Changed = true;
    }
  } while (Changed);
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalInit(const Expr *Expr) {
  return EmitConstantExpr(Expr);
}

/// EmitAnnotateAttr - Generate the llvm::ConstantStruct which contains the 
/// annotation information for a given GlobalValue.  The annotation struct is
/// {i8 *, i8 *, i8 *, i32}.  The first field is a constant expression, the 
/// GlobalValue being annotated.  The second filed is thee constant string 
/// created from the AnnotateAttr's annotation.  The third field is a constant 
/// string containing the name of the translation unit.  The fourth field is
/// the line number in the file of the annotated value declaration.
///
/// FIXME: this does not unique the annotation string constants, as llvm-gcc
///        appears to.
///
llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::EmitAnnotateAttr(llvm::GlobalValue *GV, 
                                                const AnnotateAttr *AA,
                                                unsigned LineNo) {
  llvm::Module *M = &getModule();

  // get [N x i8] constants for the annotation string, and the filename string
  // which are the 2nd and 3rd elements of the global annotation structure.
  const llvm::Type *SBP = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(llvm::Type::Int8Ty);
  llvm::Constant *anno = llvm::ConstantArray::get(AA->getAnnotation(), true);
  llvm::Constant *unit = llvm::ConstantArray::get(M->getModuleIdentifier(),
                                                  true);

  // Get the two global values corresponding to the ConstantArrays we just
  // created to hold the bytes of the strings.
  llvm::GlobalValue *annoGV = 
  new llvm::GlobalVariable(anno->getType(), false,
                           llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage, anno,
                           GV->getName() + ".str", M);
  // translation unit name string, emitted into the llvm.metadata section.
  llvm::GlobalValue *unitGV =
  new llvm::GlobalVariable(unit->getType(), false,
                           llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage, unit, ".str", M);

  // Create the ConstantStruct that is the global annotion.
  llvm::Constant *Fields[4] = {
    llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(GV, SBP),
    llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(annoGV, SBP),
    llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(unitGV, SBP),
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::Int32Ty, LineNo)
  };
  return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(Fields, 4, false);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalVar(const VarDecl *D) {
  // If the VarDecl is a static, defer code generation until later so we can
  // easily omit unused statics.
  if (D->getStorageClass() == VarDecl::Static) {
    StaticDecls.push_back(D);
    return;
  }

  // If this is just a forward declaration of the variable, don't emit it now,
  // allow it to be emitted lazily on its first use.
  if (D->getStorageClass() == VarDecl::Extern && D->getInit() == 0)
    return;
  
  EmitGlobalVarInit(D);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalVarInit(const VarDecl *D) {
  assert(D->hasGlobalStorage() && "Not a global variable");

  llvm::Constant *Init = 0;
  QualType ASTTy = D->getType();
  const llvm::Type *VarTy = getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(ASTTy);
  const llvm::Type *VarPtrTy =
      llvm::PointerType::get(VarTy, ASTTy.getAddressSpace());

  if (D->getInit() == 0) {
    // This is a tentative definition; tentative definitions are
    // implicitly initialized with { 0 }
    const llvm::Type* InitTy;
    if (ASTTy->isIncompleteArrayType()) {
      // An incomplete array is normally [ TYPE x 0 ], but we need
      // to fix it to [ TYPE x 1 ].
      const llvm::ArrayType* ATy = cast<llvm::ArrayType>(VarTy);
      InitTy = llvm::ArrayType::get(ATy->getElementType(), 1);
    } else {
      InitTy = VarTy;
    }
    Init = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(InitTy);
  } else {
    Init = EmitGlobalInit(D->getInit());
  }
  const llvm::Type* InitType = Init->getType();

  llvm::GlobalVariable *GV = getModule().getGlobalVariable(D->getName(), true);

  if (!GV) {
    GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(InitType, false, 
                                  llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
                                  0, D->getName(), &getModule(), 0,
                                  ASTTy.getAddressSpace());
  } else if (GV->getType()->getElementType() != InitType ||
             GV->getType()->getAddressSpace() != ASTTy.getAddressSpace()) {
    // We have a definition after a prototype with the wrong type.
    // We must make a new GlobalVariable* and update everything that used OldGV
    // (a declaration or tentative definition) with the new GlobalVariable*
    // (which will be a definition).
    //
    // This happens if there is a prototype for a global (e.g. "extern int x[];")
    // and then a definition of a different type (e.g. "int x[10];"). This also
    // happens when an initializer has a different type from the type of the
    // global (this happens with unions).
    //
    // FIXME: This also ends up happening if there's a definition followed by
    // a tentative definition!  (Although Sema rejects that construct
    // at the moment.)

    // Save the old global
    llvm::GlobalVariable *OldGV = GV;

    // Make a new global with the correct type
    GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(InitType, false, 
                                  llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
                                  0, D->getName(), &getModule(), 0,
                                  ASTTy.getAddressSpace());
    // Steal the name of the old global
    GV->takeName(OldGV);

    // Replace all uses of the old global with the new global
    llvm::Constant *NewPtrForOldDecl = 
        llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(GV, OldGV->getType());
    OldGV->replaceAllUsesWith(NewPtrForOldDecl);
    // Make sure we don't keep around any stale references to globals
    // FIXME: This is really slow; we need a better way to walk all
    // the decls with the same name
    ReplaceMapValuesWith(OldGV, NewPtrForOldDecl);

    // Erase the old global, since it is no longer used.
    OldGV->eraseFromParent();
  }

  GlobalDeclMap[D] = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(GV, VarPtrTy);

  if (const AnnotateAttr *AA = D->getAttr<AnnotateAttr>()) {
    SourceManager &SM = Context.getSourceManager();
    AddAnnotation(EmitAnnotateAttr(GV, AA,
                                   SM.getLogicalLineNumber(D->getLocation())));
  }

  GV->setInitializer(Init);

  // FIXME: This is silly; getTypeAlign should just work for incomplete arrays
  unsigned Align;
  if (const IncompleteArrayType* IAT = D->getType()->getAsIncompleteArrayType())
    Align = Context.getTypeAlign(IAT->getElementType());
  else
    Align = Context.getTypeAlign(D->getType());
  if (const AlignedAttr* AA = D->getAttr<AlignedAttr>()) {
    Align = std::max(Align, AA->getAlignment());
  }
  GV->setAlignment(Align / 8);

  if (const VisibilityAttr *attr = D->getAttr<VisibilityAttr>())
    setVisibility(GV, attr->getVisibility());
  // FIXME: else handle -fvisibility
  
  // Set the llvm linkage type as appropriate.
  if (D->getStorageClass() == VarDecl::Static)
    GV->setLinkage(llvm::Function::InternalLinkage);
  else if (D->getAttr<DLLImportAttr>())
    GV->setLinkage(llvm::Function::DLLImportLinkage);
  else if (D->getAttr<DLLExportAttr>())
    GV->setLinkage(llvm::Function::DLLExportLinkage);
  else if (D->getAttr<WeakAttr>())
    GV->setLinkage(llvm::GlobalVariable::WeakLinkage);
  else {
    // FIXME: This isn't right.  This should handle common linkage and other
    // stuff.
    switch (D->getStorageClass()) {
    case VarDecl::Static: assert(0 && "This case handled above");
    case VarDecl::Auto:
    case VarDecl::Register:
      assert(0 && "Can't have auto or register globals");
    case VarDecl::None:
      if (!D->getInit())
        GV->setLinkage(llvm::GlobalVariable::CommonLinkage);
      break;
    case VarDecl::Extern:
    case VarDecl::PrivateExtern:
      // todo: common
      break;
    }
  }
}

/// EmitGlobalVarDeclarator - Emit all the global vars attached to the specified
/// declarator chain.
void CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalVarDeclarator(const VarDecl *D) {
  for (; D; D = cast_or_null<VarDecl>(D->getNextDeclarator()))
    if (D->isFileVarDecl())
      EmitGlobalVar(D);
}

void CodeGenModule::UpdateCompletedType(const TagDecl *TD) {
  // Make sure that this type is translated.
  Types.UpdateCompletedType(TD);
}


/// getBuiltinLibFunction
llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::getBuiltinLibFunction(unsigned BuiltinID) {
  if (BuiltinID > BuiltinFunctions.size())
    BuiltinFunctions.resize(BuiltinID);
  
  // Cache looked up functions.  Since builtin id #0 is invalid we don't reserve
  // a slot for it.
  assert(BuiltinID && "Invalid Builtin ID");
  llvm::Function *&FunctionSlot = BuiltinFunctions[BuiltinID-1];
  if (FunctionSlot)
    return FunctionSlot;
  
  assert(Context.BuiltinInfo.isLibFunction(BuiltinID) && "isn't a lib fn");
  
  // Get the name, skip over the __builtin_ prefix.
  const char *Name = Context.BuiltinInfo.GetName(BuiltinID)+10;
  
  // Get the type for the builtin.
  QualType Type = Context.BuiltinInfo.GetBuiltinType(BuiltinID, Context);
  const llvm::FunctionType *Ty = 
    cast<llvm::FunctionType>(getTypes().ConvertType(Type));

  // FIXME: This has a serious problem with code like this:
  //  void abs() {}
  //    ... __builtin_abs(x);
  // The two versions of abs will collide.  The fix is for the builtin to win,
  // and for the existing one to be turned into a constantexpr cast of the
  // builtin.  In the case where the existing one is a static function, it
  // should just be renamed.
  if (llvm::Function *Existing = getModule().getFunction(Name)) {
    if (Existing->getFunctionType() == Ty && Existing->hasExternalLinkage())
      return FunctionSlot = Existing;
    assert(Existing == 0 && "FIXME: Name collision");
  }

  // FIXME: param attributes for sext/zext etc.
  return FunctionSlot = 
    llvm::Function::Create(Ty, llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
                           &getModule());
}

llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::getIntrinsic(unsigned IID,const llvm::Type **Tys,
                                            unsigned NumTys) {
  return llvm::Intrinsic::getDeclaration(&getModule(),
                                         (llvm::Intrinsic::ID)IID, Tys, NumTys);
}

llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::getMemCpyFn() {
  if (MemCpyFn) return MemCpyFn;
  llvm::Intrinsic::ID IID;
  switch (Context.Target.getPointerWidth(0)) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown ptr width");
  case 32: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memcpy_i32; break;
  case 64: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memcpy_i64; break;
  }
  return MemCpyFn = getIntrinsic(IID);
}

llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::getMemMoveFn() {
  if (MemMoveFn) return MemMoveFn;
  llvm::Intrinsic::ID IID;
  switch (Context.Target.getPointerWidth(0)) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown ptr width");
  case 32: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memmove_i32; break;
  case 64: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memmove_i64; break;
  }
  return MemMoveFn = getIntrinsic(IID);
}

llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::getMemSetFn() {
  if (MemSetFn) return MemSetFn;
  llvm::Intrinsic::ID IID;
  switch (Context.Target.getPointerWidth(0)) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown ptr width");
  case 32: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memset_i32; break;
  case 64: IID = llvm::Intrinsic::memset_i64; break;
  }
  return MemSetFn = getIntrinsic(IID);
}

// FIXME: This needs moving into an Apple Objective-C runtime class
llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::
GetAddrOfConstantCFString(const std::string &str) {
  llvm::StringMapEntry<llvm::Constant *> &Entry = 
    CFConstantStringMap.GetOrCreateValue(&str[0], &str[str.length()]);
  
  if (Entry.getValue())
    return Entry.getValue();
  
  std::vector<llvm::Constant*> Fields;
  
  if (!CFConstantStringClassRef) {
    const llvm::Type *Ty = getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().IntTy);
    Ty = llvm::ArrayType::get(Ty, 0);
  
    CFConstantStringClassRef = 
      new llvm::GlobalVariable(Ty, false,
                               llvm::GlobalVariable::ExternalLinkage, 0, 
                               "__CFConstantStringClassReference", 
                               &getModule());
  }
  
  // Class pointer.
  llvm::Constant *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::Int32Ty);
  llvm::Constant *Zeros[] = { Zero, Zero };
  llvm::Constant *C = 
    llvm::ConstantExpr::getGetElementPtr(CFConstantStringClassRef, Zeros, 2);
  Fields.push_back(C);
  
  // Flags.
  const llvm::Type *Ty = getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().IntTy);
  Fields.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(Ty, 1992));
    
  // String pointer.
  C = llvm::ConstantArray::get(str);
  C = new llvm::GlobalVariable(C->getType(), true, 
                               llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,
                               C, ".str", &getModule());
  
  C = llvm::ConstantExpr::getGetElementPtr(C, Zeros, 2);
  Fields.push_back(C);
  
  // String length.
  Ty = getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().LongTy);
  Fields.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(Ty, str.length()));
  
  // The struct.
  Ty = getTypes().ConvertType(getContext().getCFConstantStringType());
  C = llvm::ConstantStruct::get(cast<llvm::StructType>(Ty), Fields);
  llvm::GlobalVariable *GV = 
    new llvm::GlobalVariable(C->getType(), true, 
                             llvm::GlobalVariable::InternalLinkage, 
                             C, "", &getModule());
  GV->setSection("__DATA,__cfstring");
  Entry.setValue(GV);
  return GV;
}

/// GenerateWritableString -- Creates storage for a string literal.
static llvm::Constant *GenerateStringLiteral(const std::string &str, 
                                             bool constant,
                                             CodeGenModule &CGM) {
  // Create Constant for this string literal
  llvm::Constant *C=llvm::ConstantArray::get(str);
  
  // Create a global variable for this string
  C = new llvm::GlobalVariable(C->getType(), constant, 
                               llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,
                               C, ".str", &CGM.getModule());
  return C;
}

/// CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfConstantString -- returns a pointer to the character
/// array containing the literal.  The result is pointer to array type.
llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfConstantString(const std::string &str) {
  // Don't share any string literals if writable-strings is turned on.
  if (Features.WritableStrings)
    return GenerateStringLiteral(str, false, *this);
  
  llvm::StringMapEntry<llvm::Constant *> &Entry = 
  ConstantStringMap.GetOrCreateValue(&str[0], &str[str.length()]);

  if (Entry.getValue())
      return Entry.getValue();

  // Create a global variable for this.
  llvm::Constant *C = GenerateStringLiteral(str, true, *this);
  Entry.setValue(C);
  return C;
}