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   <title>LLVM Test Suite Guide</title>
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 <div class="doc_title">
   LLVM Test Suite Guide
 </div>

 <ol>
   <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
   <li><a href="#Requirements">Requirements</a></li>
   <li><a href="#quick">Quick Start</a></li>
   <li><a href="#org">LLVM Test Suite Organization</a>
     <ul>
       <li><a href="#codefragments">Code Fragments</a></li>
       <li><a href="#wholeprograms">Whole Programs</a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#tree">LLVM Test Suite Tree</a></li>
   <li><a href="#dgstructure">DejaGNU Structure</a></li>
   <li><a href="#progstructure"><tt>llvm-test</tt> Structure</a></li>
   <li><a href="#run">Running the LLVM Tests</a></li>
   <li><a href="#nightly">Running the nightly tester</a></li>
 </ol>

 <div class="doc_author">
   <p>Written by John T. Criswell, <a
   href="http://llvm.x10sys.com/rspencer">Reid Spencer</a>, and Tanya Lattner</p>
 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="overview">Overview</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>This document is the reference manual for the LLVM test suite.  It documents
 the structure of the LLVM test suite, the tools needed to use it, and how to add
 and run tests.</p>

 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="Requirements">Requirements</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>In order to use the LLVM test suite, you will need all of the software
 required to build LLVM, plus the following:</p>

 <dl>
 <dt><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/dejagnu/">DejaGNU</a></dt>
 <dd>The Feature and Regressions tests are organized and run by DejaGNU.</dd>
 <dt><a href="http://expect.nist.gov/">Expect</a></dt>
 <dd>Expect is required by DejaGNU.</dd>
 <dt><a href="http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/">tcl</a></dt>
 <dd>Tcl is required by DejaGNU. </dd>

 <dt><a href="http://www.netlib.org/f2c">F2C</a></dt>
 <dd>For now, LLVM does not have a Fortran front-end, but using F2C, we can run
 Fortran benchmarks.  F2C support must be enabled via <tt>configure</tt> if not
 installed in a standard place.  F2C requires three items: the <tt>f2c</tt>
 executable, <tt>f2c.h</tt> to compile the generated code, and <tt>libf2c.a</tt>
 to link generated code.  By default, given an F2C directory <tt>$DIR</tt>, the
 configure script will search <tt>$DIR/bin</tt> for <tt>f2c</tt>,
 <tt>$DIR/include</tt> for <tt>f2c.h</tt>, and <tt>$DIR/lib</tt> for
 <tt>libf2c.a</tt>.  The default <tt>$DIR</tt> values are: <tt>/usr</tt>,
 <tt>/usr/local</tt>, <tt>/sw</tt>, and <tt>/opt</tt>.  If you installed F2C in a
 different location, you must tell <tt>configure</tt>:

 <ul>
 <li><tt>./configure --with-f2c=$DIR</tt><br>
 This will specify a new <tt>$DIR</tt> for the above-described search
 process.  This will only work if the binary, header, and library are in their
 respective subdirectories of <tt>$DIR</tt>.</li>

 <li><tt>./configure --with-f2c-bin=/binary/path --with-f2c-inc=/include/path
 --with-f2c-lib=/lib/path</tt><br>
 This allows you to specify the F2C components separately.  Note: if you choose
 this route, you MUST specify all three components, and you need to only specify
 <em>directories</em> where the files are located; do NOT include the
 filenames themselves on the <tt>configure</tt> line.</li>
 </ul></dd>
 </dl>
 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="quick">Quick Start</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>The tests are located in two separate CVS modules. The basic feature and
 regression tests are in the main "llvm" module under the directory
 <tt>llvm/test</tt>. A more comprehensive test suite that includes whole
 programs in C and C++ is in the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module. This module should
 be checked out to the <tt>llvm/projects</tt> directory. When you
 <tt>configure</tt> the <tt>llvm</tt> module, the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module
 will be automatically configured. Alternatively, you can configure the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module manually.</p>
 <p>To run all of the simple tests in LLVM using DejaGNU, use the master Makefile in the
 <tt>llvm/test</tt> directory:</p>
 <pre>
 % gmake -C llvm/test
 </pre>
 or<br>
 <pre>
 % gmake check
 </pre>
 <p>To run only a subdirectory of tests in llvm/test using DejaGNU (ie. Regression/Transforms). Just substitute the path to the subdirectory:</p>
 <pre>
 % gmake -C llvm/test TESTSUITE=Regression/Transforms
 </pre>
 <dd><b>Note: If you are running the tests with <tt>objdir != subdir</tt> you must have run the complete testsuite before you can specify a subdirectory.</b></dd>

 <p>To run the comprehensive test suite (tests that compile and execute whole
 programs), run the <tt>llvm-test</tt> tests:</p>

 <pre>
 % cd llvm/projects
 % cvs co llvm-test
 % cd llvm-test
 % ./configure --with-llvmsrc=$LLVM_SRC_ROOT --with-llvmobj=$LLVM_OBJ_ROOT
 % gmake
 </pre>

 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="org">LLVM Test Suite Organization</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>The LLVM test suite contains two major categories of tests: code
 fragments and whole programs. Code fragments are in the <tt>llvm</tt> module
 under the directory under the <tt>llvm/test</tt> directory. The whole programs
 test suite are in the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module under the main directory.</p>

 </div>

 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="codefragments">Code Fragments</a>
 </div>

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>Code fragments are small pieces of code that test a specific feature of LLVM
 or trigger a specific bug in LLVM.  They are usually written in LLVM assembly
 language, but can be written in other languages if the test targets a particular
 language front end.</p>

 <p>Code fragments are not complete programs, and they are never executed to
 determine correct behavior.</p>

 <p>These code fragment tests are located in the <tt>llvm/test/Features</tt> and
 <tt>llvm/test/Regression</tt> directories.</p>

 </div>

 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="wholeprograms">Whole Programs</a></div>

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>Whole Programs are pieces of code which can be compiled and linked into a
 stand-alone program that can be executed.  These programs are generally written
 in high level languages such as C or C++, but sometimes they are written
 straight in LLVM assembly.</p>

 <p>These programs are compiled and then executed using several different
 methods (native compiler, LLVM C backend, LLVM JIT, LLVM native code generation,
 etc).  The output of these programs is compared to ensure that LLVM is compiling
 the program correctly.</p>

 <p>In addition to compiling and executing programs, whole program tests serve as
 a way of benchmarking LLVM performance, both in terms of the efficiency of the
 programs generated as well as the speed with which LLVM compiles, optimizes, and
 generates code.</p>

 <p>All "whole program" tests are located in the <tt>llvm-test</tt> CVS
 module.</p>

 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="tree">LLVM Test Suite Tree</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>Each type of test in the LLVM test suite has its own directory. The major
 subtrees of the test suite directory tree are as follows:</p>

 <ul>
 <li><tt>llvm/test/Features</tt>
 <p>This directory contains sample codes that test various features of the
 LLVM language.  These pieces of sample code are run through various
 assembler, disassembler, and optimizer passes.</p>
 </li>

 <li><tt>llvm/test/Regression</tt>
 <p>This directory contains regression tests for LLVM.  When a bug is found
 in LLVM, a regression test containing just enough code to reproduce the
 problem should be written and placed somewhere underneath this directory.
 In most cases, this will be a small piece of LLVM assembly language code,
 often distilled from an actual application or benchmark.</p>
 </li>

 <li><tt>llvm-test</tt>
 <p>The <tt>llvm-test</tt> CVS module contains programs that can be compiled
 with LLVM and executed.  These programs are compiled using the native compiler
 and various LLVM backends.  The output from the program compiled with the
 native compiler is assumed correct; the results from the other programs are
 compared to the native program output and pass if they match.</p>

 <p>In addition for testing correctness, the <tt>llvm-test</tt> directory also
 performs timing tests of various LLVM optimizations.  It also records
 compilation times for the compilers and the JIT.  This information can be
 used to compare the effectiveness of LLVM's optimizations and code
 generation.</p></li>

 <li><tt>llvm-test/SingleSource</tt>
 <p>The SingleSource directory contains test programs that are only a single
 source file in size.  These are usually small benchmark programs or small
 programs that calculate a particular value.  Several such programs are grouped
 together in each directory.</p></li>

 <li><tt>llvm-test/MultiSource</tt>
 <p>The MultiSource directory contains subdirectories which contain entire
 programs with multiple source files.  Large benchmarks and whole applications
 go here.</p></li>

 <li><tt>llvm-test/External</tt>
 <p>The External directory contains Makefiles for building code that is external
 to (i.e., not distributed with) LLVM.  The most prominent members of this
 directory are the SPEC 95 and SPEC 2000 benchmark suites.  The presence and
 location of these external programs is configured by the llvm-test
 <tt>configure</tt> script.</p></li>

 </ul>

 </div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="dgstructure">DejaGNU Structure</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">
 <p>The LLVM test suite is partially driven by DejaGNU and partially
 driven by GNU Make. Specifically, the Features and Regression tests
 are all driven by DejaGNU. The <tt>llvm-test</tt>
 module is currently driven by a set of Makefiles.</p>

 <p>The DejaGNU structure is very simple, but does require some
 information to be set. This information is gathered via <tt>configure</tt> and
 is written to a file, <tt>site.exp</tt> in <tt>llvm/test</tt>. The
 <tt>llvm/test</tt>
 Makefile does this work for you.</p>

 <p>In order for DejaGNU to work, each directory of tests must have a
 <tt>dg.exp</tt> file. This file is a program written in tcl that calls
 the <tt>llvm-runtests</tt> procedure on each test file. The
 llvm-runtests procedure is defined in
 <tt>llvm/test/lib/llvm-dg.exp</tt>. Any directory that contains only
 directories does not need the <tt>dg.exp</tt> file.</p>

 <p>In order for a test to be run, it must contain information within
 the test file on how to run the test. These are called <tt>RUN</tt>
 lines. Run lines are specified in the comments of the test program
 using the keyword <tt>RUN</tt> followed by a colon, and lastly the
 commands to execute. These commands will be executed in a bash script,
 so any bash syntax is acceptable. You can specify as many RUN lines as
 necessary.  Each RUN line translates to one line in the resulting bash
 script. Below is an example of legal RUN lines in a <tt>.ll</tt>
 file:</p>
 <pre>
 ; RUN: llvm-as < %s | llvm-dis > %t1
 ; RUN: llvm-dis < %s.bc-13 > %t2
 ; RUN: diff %t1 %t2
 </pre>
 <p>There are a couple patterns within a <tt>RUN</tt> line that the
 llvm-runtest procedure looks for and replaces with the appropriate
 syntax:</p>
 <ul>
 <dt>%p</dt>
 <dd>The path to the source directory. This is for locating
 any supporting files that are not generated by the test, but used by
 the test.</dd>
 <dt>%s</dt>
 <dd>The test file.</dd>

 <dt>%t</dt>
 <dd>Temporary filename: testscript.test_filename.tmp, where
 test_filename is the name of the test file. All temporary files are
 placed in the Output directory within the directory the test is
 located.</dd>

 <dt>%prcontext</dt>
 <dd>Path to a script that performs grep -C. Use this since not all
 platforms support grep -C.</dd>

 <dt>%llvmgcc</dt> <dd>Full path to the llvm-gcc executable.</dd>
 <dt>%llvmgxx</dt> <dd>Full path to the llvm-g++ executable.</dd>
 </ul>

 <p>There are also several scripts in the llvm/test/Scripts directory
 that you might find useful when writing <tt>RUN</tt> lines.</p>

 <p>Lastly, you can easily mark a test that is expected to fail on a
 specific platform by using the <tt>XFAIL</tt> keyword. Xfail lines are
 specified in the comments of the test program using <tt>XFAIL</tt>,
 followed by a colon, and one or more regular expressions (separated by
 a comma) that will match against the target triplet for the
 machine. You can use * to match all targets. Here is an example of an
 <tt>XFAIL</tt> line:</p>
 <pre>
 ; XFAIL: darwin,sun
 </pre>

 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="progstructure"><tt>llvm-test</tt>
 Structure</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>As mentioned previously, the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module  provides three types
 of tests: MultiSource, SingleSource, and External.  Each tree is then subdivided
 into several categories, including applications, benchmarks, regression tests,
 code that is strange grammatically, etc.  These organizations should be
 relatively self explanatory.</p>

 <p>In addition to the regular "whole program"  tests, the <tt>llvm-test</tt>
 module also provides a mechanism for compiling the programs in different ways.
 If the variable TEST is defined on the gmake command line, the test system will
 include a Makefile named <tt>TEST.&lt;value of TEST variable&gt;.Makefile</tt>.
 This Makefile can modify build rules to yield different results.</p>

 <p>For example, the LLVM nightly tester uses <tt>TEST.nightly.Makefile</tt> to
 create the nightly test reports.  To run the nightly tests, run <tt>gmake
 TEST=nightly</tt>.</p>

 <p>There are several TEST Makefiles available in the tree.  Some of them are
 designed for internal LLVM research and will not work outside of the LLVM
 research group.  They may still be valuable, however, as a guide to writing your
 own TEST Makefile for any optimization or analysis passes that you develop with
 LLVM.</p>

 <p>Note, when configuring the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module, you might want to
 specify the following configuration options:</p>
 <dl>
   <dt><i>--enable-spec2000</i>
   <dt><i>--enable-spec2000=&lt;<tt>directory</tt>&gt;</i>
   <dd>
     Enable the use of SPEC2000 when testing LLVM.  This is disabled by default
     (unless <tt>configure</tt> finds SPEC2000 installed).  By specifying
     <tt>directory</tt>, you can tell configure where to find the SPEC2000
     benchmarks.  If <tt>directory</tt> is left unspecified, <tt>configure</tt>
     uses the default value
     <tt>/home/vadve/shared/benchmarks/speccpu2000/benchspec</tt>.
     <p>
   <dt><i>--enable-spec95</i>
   <dt><i>--enable-spec95=&lt;<tt>directory</tt>&gt;</i>
   <dd>
     Enable the use of SPEC95 when testing LLVM.  It is similar to the
     <i>--enable-spec2000</i> option.
     <p>
   <dt><i>--enable-povray</i>
   <dt><i>--enable-povray=&lt;<tt>directory</tt>&gt;</i>
   <dd>
     Enable the use of Povray as an external test.  Versions of Povray written
     in C should work.  This option is similar to the <i>--enable-spec2000</i>
     option.
 </dl>
 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="run">Running the LLVM Tests</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>First, all tests are executed within the LLVM object directory tree.  They
 <i>are not</i> executed inside of the LLVM source tree. This is because the
 test suite creates temporary files during execution.</p>

 <p>The master Makefile in llvm/test is capable of running only the DejaGNU driven
 tests. By default, it will run all of these tests.</p>

 <p>To run only the DejaGNU driven tests, run <tt>gmake</tt> at the
 command line in llvm/tests.  To run a specific directory of tests, use the
 TESTSUITE variable.
 </p>

 <p>For example, to run the Regression tests, type
 <tt>gmake TESTSUITE=Regression</tt> in <tt>llvm/tests</tt>.</p>

 <p>Note that there are no Makefiles in <tt>llvm/test/Features</tt> and
 <tt>llvm/test/Regression</tt>. You must use DejaGNU from the <tt>llvm/test</tt>
 directory to run them.</p>

 <p>To run the <tt>llvm-test</tt> suite, you need to use the following steps:
 </p>
 <ol>
   <li>cd into the llvm/projects directory</li>
   <li>check out the <tt>llvm-test</tt> module with:<br/>
   <tt>cvs -d :pserver:anon@llvm.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm co -PR llvm-test</tt><br>
   This will get the test suite into <tt>llvm/projects/llvm-test</tt></li>
   <li>configure the test suite. You can do this one of two ways:
   <ol>
     <li>Use the regular llvm configure:<br/>
     <tt>cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT ; $LLVM_SRC_ROOT/configure</tt><br/>
     This will ensure that the <tt>projects/llvm-test</tt> directory is also
     properly configured.</li>
     <li>Use the <tt>configure</tt> script found in the <tt>llvm-test</tt> source
     directory:<br/>
     <tt>$BUILD_SRC_DIR/configure --with-llvmsrc=$LLVM_SRC_ROOT --with-llvmobj=$LLVM_OBJ_ROOT</tt>
     </li>
   </ol>
   <li>gmake</li>
 </ol>
 <p>Note that the second and third steps only need to be done once. After you
 have the suite checked out and configured, you don't need to do it again (unless
 the test code or configure script changes).</p>

 <p>To make a specialized test (use one of the
 <tt>llvm-test/TEST.&lt;type&gt;.Makefile</tt>s), just run:<br/>
 <tt>gmake TEST=&lt;type&gt; test</tt><br/>For example, you could run the
 nightly tester tests using the following commands:</p>

 <pre>
  % cd llvm/projects/llvm-test
  % gmake TEST=nightly test
 </pre>

 <p>Regardless of which test you're running, the results are printed on standard
 output and standard error.  You can redirect these results to a file if you
 choose.</p>

 <p>Some tests are known to fail.  Some are bugs that we have not fixed yet;
 others are features that we haven't added yet (or may never add).  In DejaGNU,
 the result for such tests will be XFAIL (eXpected FAILure).  In this way, you
 can tell the difference between an expected and unexpected failure.</p>

 <p>The tests in <tt>llvm-test</tt> have no such feature as of this time. If the
 test passes, only warnings and other miscellaneous output will be generated.  If
 a test fails, a large &lt;program&gt; FAILED message will be displayed.  This
 will help you separate benign warnings from actual test failures.</p>

 </div>

 <!--=========================================================================-->
 <div class="doc_section"><a name="nightly">Running the nightly tester</a></div>
 <!--=========================================================================-->

 <div class="doc_text">

 <p>
 The <a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/testresults/">LLVM Nightly Testers</a>
 automatically check out an LLVM tree, build it, run the "nightly"
 program test (described above), run  all of the feature and regression tests,
 and then delete the checked out tree.  This tester is designed to ensure that
 programs don't break as well as keep track of LLVM's progress over time.</p>

 <p>
 If you'd like to set up an instance of the nightly tester to run on your
 machine, take a look at the comments at the top of the utils/NightlyTester.pl
 file.  We usually run it from a crontab entry that looks ilke this:
 </p>

 <pre>
 5 3 * * *  $HOME/llvm/utils/NightlyTest.pl -parallel -enable-linscan ...CVSREPOSTORY... $HOME/buildtest-X86 $HOME/cvs/testresults-X86
 </pre>

 <p>Or, you can create a shell script to encapsulate the running of the script.
 The optimized x86 Linux nightly test is run from just such a script:
 <pre>
 #!/bin/bash
 BASE=/proj/work/llvm/nightlytest
 export CVSROOT=:pserver:anon@llvm.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm
 export BUILDDIR=$BASE/build
 export WEBDIR=$BASE/testresults
 export LLVMGCCDIR=/proj/work/llvm/cfrontend/install
 export PATH=/proj/install/bin:$LLVMGCCDIR/bin:$PATH
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/proj/install/lib
 cd $BASE
 cp /proj/work/llvm/llvm/utils/NightlyTest.pl .
 nice ./NightlyTest.pl -nice -release -verbose -parallel -enable-linscan -noexternals
 </pre>

 <p>
 Take a look at the NightlyTest.pl file to see what all of the flags and
 strings do.  If you start running the nightly tests, please let us know and
 we'll link your page to the global tester page.  Thanks!
 </p>

 </div>

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