Revert of Make GrDrawState and GrPaint take GrEffect* instead of GrEffectRef*. (https://codereview.chromium.org/377503004/)

Reason for revert:
broke linux builders

Original issue's description:
> Make GrDrawState and GrPaint take GrEffect* instead of GrEffectRef*.
>
> Make Sk-effect virtuals produce GrEffect* rather than GrEffectRef*
>
> Make GrEffectRef a typedef for GrEffect.
>
> Committed: https://skia.googlesource.com/skia/+/2011fe9cdfa63b83489a146cea6a724cede352c8

R=robertphillips@google.com, bsalomon@google.com
TBR=bsalomon@google.com, robertphillips@google.com
NOTREECHECKS=true
NOTRY=true

Author: reed@google.com

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/372053003
diff --git a/include/core/SkColorFilter.h b/include/core/SkColorFilter.h
index 25e6bbe..c26bc07 100644
--- a/include/core/SkColorFilter.h
+++ b/include/core/SkColorFilter.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "SkXfermode.h"
 
 class SkBitmap;
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class GrContext;
 
 /**
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     /** A subclass may implement this factory function to work with the GPU backend. If the return
         is non-NULL then the caller owns a ref on the returned object.
      */
-    virtual GrEffect* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const;
+    virtual GrEffectRef* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_PUREVIRT()
 
diff --git a/include/core/SkColorShader.h b/include/core/SkColorShader.h
index ba17f6c..8603577 100644
--- a/include/core/SkColorShader.h
+++ b/include/core/SkColorShader.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                              const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                             GrEffect** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+                             GrEffectRef** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkColorShader)
diff --git a/include/core/SkImageFilter.h b/include/core/SkImageFilter.h
index 088719c..9cdd275 100644
--- a/include/core/SkImageFilter.h
+++ b/include/core/SkImageFilter.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 class SkColorFilter;
 class SkBaseDevice;
 struct SkIPoint;
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class GrTexture;
 
 /**
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@
      *  will be called with (NULL, NULL, SkMatrix::I()) to query for support,
      *  so returning "true" indicates support for all possible matrices.
      */
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect,
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect,
                              GrTexture*,
                              const SkMatrix& matrix,
                              const SkIRect& bounds) const;
diff --git a/include/core/SkMaskFilter.h b/include/core/SkMaskFilter.h
index 3992512..72f20af 100644
--- a/include/core/SkMaskFilter.h
+++ b/include/core/SkMaskFilter.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
      * If effect is non-NULL, a new GrEffect instance is stored in it. The caller assumes ownership
      * of the effect and must unref it.
      */
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect,
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect,
                              GrTexture*,
                              const SkMatrix& ctm) const;
 
diff --git a/include/core/SkShader.h b/include/core/SkShader.h
index 2ed91f8..31f57cc 100644
--- a/include/core/SkShader.h
+++ b/include/core/SkShader.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 class SkPicture;
 class SkXfermode;
 class GrContext;
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 
 /** \class SkShader
  *
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@
      */
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                              const SkMatrix* localMatrixOrNull, GrColor* grColor,
-                             GrEffect** grEffect) const;
+                             GrEffectRef** grEffect) const;
 
 #ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK
     /**
diff --git a/include/core/SkXfermode.h b/include/core/SkXfermode.h
index 74fd9f8..c0a6572 100644
--- a/include/core/SkXfermode.h
+++ b/include/core/SkXfermode.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "SkFlattenable.h"
 #include "SkColor.h"
 
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class GrTexture;
 class SkString;
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
         fragment shader. If NULL, the effect should request access to destination color
         (setWillReadDstColor()), and use that in the fragment shader (builder->dstColor()).
      */
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture* background = NULL) const;
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture* background = NULL) const;
 
     /** Returns true if the xfermode can be expressed as coeffs (src, dst), or as an effect
         (effect). This helper calls the asCoeff() and asNewEffect() virtuals. If the xfermode is
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
         simply test the return value.  effect, src, and dst must all be NULL or all non-NULL.
      */
     static bool AsNewEffectOrCoeff(SkXfermode*,
-                                   GrEffect** effect,
+                                   GrEffectRef** effect,
                                    Coeff* src,
                                    Coeff* dst,
                                    GrTexture* background = NULL);
diff --git a/include/effects/SkColorMatrixFilter.h b/include/effects/SkColorMatrixFilter.h
index edbe07d..5cfa468 100644
--- a/include/effects/SkColorMatrixFilter.h
+++ b/include/effects/SkColorMatrixFilter.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     virtual uint32_t getFlags() const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual bool asColorMatrix(SkScalar matrix[20]) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual GrEffect* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual GrEffectRef* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
     struct State {
diff --git a/include/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.h b/include/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.h
index 06eb01a..f2cee29 100644
--- a/include/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.h
+++ b/include/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     virtual void filterSpan(const SkPMColor src[], int count, SkPMColor[]) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual GrEffect* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual GrEffectRef* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
diff --git a/include/effects/SkMagnifierImageFilter.h b/include/effects/SkMagnifierImageFilter.h
index b992e28..9d8a9b6 100644
--- a/include/effects/SkMagnifierImageFilter.h
+++ b/include/effects/SkMagnifierImageFilter.h
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@
     virtual bool onFilterImage(Proxy*, const SkBitmap& src, const Context&,
                                SkBitmap* result, SkIPoint* offset) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix,
-                             const SkIRect& bounds) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix, const SkIRect& bounds) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
 private:
diff --git a/include/effects/SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter.h b/include/effects/SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter.h
index 6d4c826..606de57 100644
--- a/include/effects/SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter.h
+++ b/include/effects/SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter.h
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect,
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect,
                              GrTexture*,
                              const SkMatrix& ctm,
                              const SkIRect& bounds) const SK_OVERRIDE;
diff --git a/include/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.h b/include/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.h
index 3355925..2d9dfdd 100644
--- a/include/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.h
+++ b/include/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
     };
 
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*,
-                             GrEffect**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+                             GrEffectRef**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkPerlinNoiseShader)
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrBackendEffectFactory.h b/include/gpu/GrBackendEffectFactory.h
index af8d5c7..0fc981c 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrBackendEffectFactory.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrBackendEffectFactory.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     of GrGLEffect.
  */
 
+class GrEffectRef;
 class GrGLEffect;
 class GrGLCaps;
 class GrDrawEffect;
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrEffect.h b/include/gpu/GrEffect.h
index 978ad3a..5fed532 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrEffect.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrEffect.h
@@ -21,17 +21,66 @@
 class GrVertexEffect;
 class SkString;
 
+/**
+ * A Wrapper class for GrEffect. Its ref-count will track owners that may use effects to enqueue
+ * new draw operations separately from ownership within a deferred drawing queue. When the
+ * GrEffectRef ref count reaches zero the scratch GrResources owned by the effect can be recycled
+ * in service of later draws. However, the deferred draw queue may still own direct references to
+ * the underlying GrEffect.
+ *
+ * GrEffectRefs created by new are placed in a per-thread managed pool. The pool is destroyed when
+ * the thread ends. Therefore, all dynamically allocated GrEffectRefs must be unreffed before thread
+ * termination.
+ */
+class GrEffectRef : public SkRefCnt {
+public:
+    SK_DECLARE_INST_COUNT(GrEffectRef);
+    virtual ~GrEffectRef();
+
+    GrEffect* get() { return fEffect; }
+    const GrEffect* get() const { return fEffect; }
+
+    const GrEffect* operator-> () { return fEffect; }
+    const GrEffect* operator-> () const { return fEffect; }
+
+    void* operator new(size_t size);
+    void operator delete(void* target);
+
+    void* operator new(size_t size, void* placement) {
+        return ::operator new(size, placement);
+    }
+    void operator delete(void* target, void* placement) {
+        ::operator delete(target, placement);
+    }
+
+private:
+    friend class GrEffect; // to construct these
+
+    explicit GrEffectRef(GrEffect* effect);
+
+    GrEffect* fEffect;
+
+    typedef SkRefCnt INHERITED;
+};
+
 /** Provides custom vertex shader, fragment shader, uniform data for a particular stage of the
     Ganesh shading pipeline.
     Subclasses must have a function that produces a human-readable name:
         static const char* Name();
     GrEffect objects *must* be immutable: after being constructed, their fields may not change.
 
-    Dynamically allocated GrEffects are managed by a per-thread memory pool. The ref count of an
-    effect must reach 0 before the thread terminates and the pool is destroyed. To create a static
-    effect use the macro GR_CREATE_STATIC_EFFECT declared below.
+    GrEffect subclass objects should be created by factory functions that return GrEffectRef.
+    There is no public way to wrap a GrEffect in a GrEffectRef. Thus, a factory should be a static
+    member function of a GrEffect subclass.
+
+    Because almost no code should ever handle a GrEffect directly outside of a GrEffectRef, we
+    privately inherit from SkRefCnt to help prevent accidental direct ref'ing/unref'ing of effects.
+
+    Dynamically allocated GrEffects and their corresponding GrEffectRefs are managed by a per-thread
+    memory pool. The ref count of an effect must reach 0 before the thread terminates and the pool
+    is destroyed. To create a static effect use the macro GR_CREATE_STATIC_EFFECT declared below.
   */
-class GrEffect : public SkRefCnt {
+class GrEffect : private SkRefCnt {
 public:
     SK_DECLARE_INST_COUNT(GrEffect)
 
@@ -75,17 +124,8 @@
         computed by the GrBackendEffectFactory:
             effectA.getFactory().glEffectKey(effectA) == effectB.getFactory().glEffectKey(effectB).
      */
-    bool isEqual(const GrEffect& other) const {
-        if (&this->getFactory() != &other.getFactory()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        bool result = this->onIsEqual(other);
-#ifdef SK_DEBUG
-        if (result) {
-            this->assertEquality(other);
-        }
-#endif
-        return result;
+    bool isEqual(const GrEffectRef& other) const {
+        return this->isEqual(*other.get());
     }
 
     /** Human-meaningful string to identify this effect; may be embedded
@@ -145,6 +185,24 @@
         ::operator delete(target, placement);
     }
 
+    /** These functions are used when recording effects into a deferred drawing queue. The inc call
+        keeps the effect alive outside of GrEffectRef while allowing any resources owned by the
+        effect to be returned to the cache for reuse. The dec call must balance the inc call. */
+    void incDeferredRefCounts() const {
+        this->ref();
+        int count = fTextureAccesses.count();
+        for (int t = 0; t < count; ++t) {
+            fTextureAccesses[t]->getTexture()->incDeferredRefCount();
+        }
+    }
+    void decDeferredRefCounts() const {
+        int count = fTextureAccesses.count();
+        for (int t = 0; t < count; ++t) {
+            fTextureAccesses[t]->getTexture()->decDeferredRefCount();
+        }
+        this->unref();
+    }
+
 protected:
     /**
      * Subclasses call this from their constructor to register coordinate transformations. The
@@ -167,18 +225,32 @@
         : fWillReadDstColor(false)
         , fWillReadFragmentPosition(false)
         , fWillUseInputColor(true)
-        , fHasVertexCode(false) {}
+        , fHasVertexCode(false)
+        , fEffectRef(NULL) {}
 
     /** This should be called by GrEffect subclass factories. See the comment on AutoEffectUnref for
         an example factory function. */
-    static GrEffect* CreateEffectRef(GrEffect* effect) {
-        return SkRef(effect);
+    static GrEffectRef* CreateEffectRef(GrEffect* effect) {
+        if (NULL == effect->fEffectRef) {
+            effect->fEffectRef = SkNEW_ARGS(GrEffectRef, (effect));
+        } else {
+            effect->fEffectRef->ref();
+        }
+        return effect->fEffectRef;
     }
 
-    static const GrEffect* CreateEffectRef(const GrEffect* effect) {
+    static const GrEffectRef* CreateEffectRef(const GrEffect* effect) {
         return CreateEffectRef(const_cast<GrEffect*>(effect));
     }
 
+    /** Used by GR_CREATE_STATIC_EFFECT below */
+    static GrEffectRef* CreateStaticEffectRef(void* refStorage, GrEffect* effect) {
+        SkASSERT(NULL == effect->fEffectRef);
+        effect->fEffectRef = SkNEW_PLACEMENT_ARGS(refStorage, GrEffectRef, (effect));
+        return effect->fEffectRef;
+    }
+
+
     /** Helper used in subclass factory functions to unref the effect after it has been wrapped in a
         GrEffectRef. E.g.:
 
@@ -189,7 +261,14 @@
                 return CreateEffectRef(effect);
             }
      */
-    typedef SkAutoTUnref<GrEffect> AutoEffectUnref;
+    class AutoEffectUnref {
+    public:
+        AutoEffectUnref(GrEffect* effect) : fEffect(effect) { }
+        ~AutoEffectUnref() { fEffect->unref(); }
+        operator GrEffect*() { return fEffect; }
+    private:
+        GrEffect* fEffect;
+    };
 
     /** Helper for getting the GrEffect out of a GrEffectRef and down-casting to a GrEffect subclass
       */
@@ -220,6 +299,19 @@
     void setWillNotUseInputColor() { fWillUseInputColor = false; }
 
 private:
+    bool isEqual(const GrEffect& other) const {
+        if (&this->getFactory() != &other.getFactory()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        bool result = this->onIsEqual(other);
+#ifdef SK_DEBUG
+        if (result) {
+            this->assertEquality(other);
+        }
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+
     SkDEBUGCODE(void assertEquality(const GrEffect& other) const;)
 
     /** Subclass implements this to support isEqual(). It will only be called if it is known that
@@ -227,6 +319,12 @@
         getFactory()).*/
     virtual bool onIsEqual(const GrEffect& other) const = 0;
 
+    void EffectRefDestroyed() { fEffectRef = NULL; }
+
+    friend class GrEffectRef;    // to call EffectRefDestroyed()
+    friend class GrEffectStage;  // to rewrap GrEffect in GrEffectRef when restoring an effect-stage
+                                 // from deferred state, to call isEqual on naked GrEffects, and
+                                 // to inc/dec deferred ref counts.
     friend class GrVertexEffect; // to set fHasVertexCode and build fVertexAttribTypes.
 
     SkSTArray<4, const GrCoordTransform*, true>  fCoordTransforms;
@@ -236,20 +334,32 @@
     bool                                         fWillReadFragmentPosition;
     bool                                         fWillUseInputColor;
     bool                                         fHasVertexCode;
+    GrEffectRef*                                 fEffectRef;
 
     typedef SkRefCnt INHERITED;
 };
 
-typedef GrEffect GrEffectRef;
+inline GrEffectRef::GrEffectRef(GrEffect* effect) {
+    SkASSERT(NULL != effect);
+    effect->ref();
+    fEffect = effect;
+}
 
 /**
  * This creates an effect outside of the effect memory pool. The effect's destructor will be called
- * at global destruction time. NAME will be the name of the created GrEffect.
+ * at global destruction time. NAME will be the name of the created GrEffectRef.
  */
 #define GR_CREATE_STATIC_EFFECT(NAME, EFFECT_CLASS, ARGS)                                         \
-static SkAlignedSStorage<sizeof(EFFECT_CLASS)> g_##NAME##_Storage;                                \
-static GrEffect* NAME SkNEW_PLACEMENT_ARGS(g_##NAME##_Storage.get(), EFFECT_CLASS, ARGS);         \
-static SkAutoTDestroy<GrEffect> NAME##_ad(NAME);
+enum {                                                                                            \
+    k_##NAME##_EffectRefOffset = GR_CT_ALIGN_UP(sizeof(EFFECT_CLASS), 8),                         \
+    k_##NAME##_StorageSize = k_##NAME##_EffectRefOffset + sizeof(GrEffectRef)                     \
+};                                                                                                \
+static SkAlignedSStorage<k_##NAME##_StorageSize> g_##NAME##_Storage;                              \
+static void* NAME##_RefLocation = (char*)g_##NAME##_Storage.get() + k_##NAME##_EffectRefOffset;   \
+static GrEffect* NAME##_Effect SkNEW_PLACEMENT_ARGS(g_##NAME##_Storage.get(), EFFECT_CLASS, ARGS);\
+static SkAutoTDestroy<GrEffect> NAME##_ad(NAME##_Effect);                                         \
+static GrEffectRef* NAME(GrEffect::CreateStaticEffectRef(NAME##_RefLocation, NAME##_Effect));     \
+static SkAutoTDestroy<GrEffectRef> NAME##_Ref_ad(NAME)
 
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrEffectStage.h b/include/gpu/GrEffectStage.h
index fb0620d..84ccbbf 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrEffectStage.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrEffectStage.h
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 class GrEffectStage {
 public:
-    explicit GrEffectStage(const GrEffect* effect, int attrIndex0 = -1, int attrIndex1 = -1)
-    : fEffect(SkRef(effect)) {
+    explicit GrEffectStage(const GrEffectRef* effectRef, int attrIndex0 = -1, int attrIndex1 = -1)
+    : fEffectRef(SkRef(effectRef)) {
         fCoordChangeMatrixSet = false;
         fVertexAttribIndices[0] = attrIndex0;
         fVertexAttribIndices[1] = attrIndex1;
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
         if (other.fCoordChangeMatrixSet) {
             fCoordChangeMatrix = other.fCoordChangeMatrix;
         }
-        fEffect.reset(SkRef(other.fEffect.get()));
+        fEffectRef.reset(SkRef(other.fEffectRef.get()));
         memcpy(fVertexAttribIndices, other.fVertexAttribIndices, sizeof(fVertexAttribIndices));
         return *this;
     }
 
     bool operator== (const GrEffectStage& other) const {
-        SkASSERT(NULL != fEffect.get());
-        SkASSERT(NULL != other.fEffect.get());
+        SkASSERT(NULL != fEffectRef.get());
+        SkASSERT(NULL != other.fEffectRef.get());
 
         if (!this->getEffect()->isEqual(*other.getEffect())) {
             return false;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
     private:
         bool fCoordChangeMatrixSet;
         SkMatrix fCoordChangeMatrix;
-        SkDEBUGCODE(mutable SkAutoTUnref<const GrEffect> fEffect;)
+        SkDEBUGCODE(mutable SkAutoTUnref<const GrEffectRef> fEffectRef;)
 
         friend class GrEffectStage;
     };
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@
         if (fCoordChangeMatrixSet) {
             savedCoordChange->fCoordChangeMatrix = fCoordChangeMatrix;
         }
-        SkASSERT(NULL == savedCoordChange->fEffect.get());
-        SkDEBUGCODE(SkRef(fEffect.get());)
-        SkDEBUGCODE(savedCoordChange->fEffect.reset(fEffect.get());)
+        SkASSERT(NULL == savedCoordChange->fEffectRef.get());
+        SkDEBUGCODE(SkRef(fEffectRef.get());)
+        SkDEBUGCODE(savedCoordChange->fEffectRef.reset(fEffectRef.get());)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
         if (fCoordChangeMatrixSet) {
             fCoordChangeMatrix = savedCoordChange.fCoordChangeMatrix;
         }
-        SkASSERT(savedCoordChange.fEffect.get() == fEffect);
-        SkDEBUGCODE(savedCoordChange.fEffect.reset(NULL);)
+        SkASSERT(savedCoordChange.fEffectRef.get() == fEffectRef);
+        SkDEBUGCODE(savedCoordChange.fEffectRef.reset(NULL);)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    const GrEffect* getEffect() const { return fEffect.get(); }
+    const GrEffect* getEffect() const { return fEffectRef.get()->get(); }
 
     const int* getVertexAttribIndices() const { return fVertexAttribIndices; }
-    int getVertexAttribIndexCount() const { return fEffect->numVertexAttribs(); }
+    int getVertexAttribIndexCount() const { return fEffectRef->get()->numVertexAttribs(); }
 
 private:
     bool                                fCoordChangeMatrixSet;
     SkMatrix                            fCoordChangeMatrix;
-    SkAutoTUnref<const GrEffect>        fEffect;
+    SkAutoTUnref<const GrEffectRef>     fEffectRef;
     int                                 fVertexAttribIndices[2];
 };
 
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrEffectUnitTest.h b/include/gpu/GrEffectUnitTest.h
index ffc64f2..f71ab54 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrEffectUnitTest.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrEffectUnitTest.h
@@ -32,26 +32,26 @@
 #if SK_ALLOW_STATIC_GLOBAL_INITIALIZERS
 
 class GrContext;
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class GrTexture;
 
 class GrEffectTestFactory : SkNoncopyable {
 public:
 
-    typedef GrEffect* (*CreateProc)(SkRandom*,
-                                    GrContext*,
-                                    const GrDrawTargetCaps& caps,
-                                    GrTexture* dummyTextures[]);
+    typedef GrEffectRef* (*CreateProc)(SkRandom*,
+                                       GrContext*,
+                                       const GrDrawTargetCaps& caps,
+                                       GrTexture* dummyTextures[]);
 
     GrEffectTestFactory(CreateProc createProc) {
         fCreateProc = createProc;
         GetFactories()->push_back(this);
     }
 
-    static GrEffect* CreateStage(SkRandom* random,
-                                 GrContext* context,
-                                 const GrDrawTargetCaps& caps,
-                                 GrTexture* dummyTextures[]) {
+    static GrEffectRef* CreateStage(SkRandom* random,
+                                    GrContext* context,
+                                    const GrDrawTargetCaps& caps,
+                                    GrTexture* dummyTextures[]) {
         uint32_t idx = random->nextRangeU(0, GetFactories()->count() - 1);
         GrEffectTestFactory* factory = (*GetFactories())[idx];
         return factory->fCreateProc(random, context, caps, dummyTextures);
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@
  */
 #define GR_DECLARE_EFFECT_TEST                                                      \
     static GrEffectTestFactory gTestFactory;                                        \
-    static GrEffect* TestCreate(SkRandom*,                                          \
-                                GrContext*,                                         \
-                                const GrDrawTargetCaps&,                            \
-                                GrTexture* dummyTextures[2])
+    static GrEffectRef* TestCreate(SkRandom*,                                       \
+                                   GrContext*,                                      \
+                                   const GrDrawTargetCaps&,                         \
+                                   GrTexture* dummyTextures[2])
 
 /** GrEffect subclasses should insert this macro in their implementation file. They must then
  *  also implement this static function:
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@
 // The unit test relies on static initializers. Just declare the TestCreate function so that
 // its definitions will compile.
 #define GR_DECLARE_EFFECT_TEST                                                      \
-    static GrEffect* TestCreate(SkRandom*,                                          \
-                                GrContext*,                                         \
-                                const GrDrawTargetCaps&,                            \
-                                GrTexture* dummyTextures[2])
+    static GrEffectRef* TestCreate(SkRandom*,                                       \
+                                   GrContext*,                                      \
+                                   const GrDrawTargetCaps&,                         \
+                                   GrTexture* dummyTextures[2])
 #define GR_DEFINE_EFFECT_TEST(X)
 
 #endif // !SK_ALLOW_STATIC_GLOBAL_INITIALIZERS
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrPaint.h b/include/gpu/GrPaint.h
index 20dec35..db9b8cc 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrPaint.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrPaint.h
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@
     /**
      * Appends an additional color effect to the color computation.
      */
-    const GrEffect* addColorEffect(const GrEffect* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
+    const GrEffectRef* addColorEffect(const GrEffectRef* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
         SkASSERT(NULL != effect);
-        if (!effect->willUseInputColor()) {
+        if (!(*effect)->willUseInputColor()) {
             fColorStages.reset();
         }
         SkNEW_APPEND_TO_TARRAY(&fColorStages, GrEffectStage, (effect, attr0, attr1));
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@
     /**
      * Appends an additional coverage effect to the coverage computation.
      */
-    const GrEffect* addCoverageEffect(const GrEffect* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
+    const GrEffectRef* addCoverageEffect(const GrEffectRef* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
         SkASSERT(NULL != effect);
-        if (!effect->willUseInputColor()) {
+        if (!(*effect)->willUseInputColor()) {
             fCoverageStages.reset();
         }
         SkNEW_APPEND_TO_TARRAY(&fCoverageStages, GrEffectStage, (effect, attr0, attr1));
diff --git a/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.cpp b/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.cpp
index 37ba540..8e03a80 100644
--- a/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.cpp
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
 
 bool SkBitmapProcShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                      const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                     GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                     GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.h b/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.h
index 550d1d2..08e8397 100644
--- a/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.h
+++ b/src/core/SkBitmapProcShader.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkBitmapProcShader)
 
 
-    bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffect**)
+    bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffectRef**)
             const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     class BitmapProcShaderContext : public SkShader::Context {
diff --git a/src/core/SkColorFilter.cpp b/src/core/SkColorFilter.cpp
index a686f4c..8cf9fc0 100644
--- a/src/core/SkColorFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkColorFilter.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@
     return SkUnPreMultiply::PMColorToColor(dst);
 }
 
-GrEffect* SkColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
+GrEffectRef* SkColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
     return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/SkImageFilter.cpp b/src/core/SkImageFilter.cpp
index 5a5d5bd..4c4b56b 100644
--- a/src/core/SkImageFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkImageFilter.cpp
@@ -204,8 +204,9 @@
     matrix.postTranslate(SkIntToScalar(-bounds.left()), SkIntToScalar(-bounds.top()));
     this->asNewEffect(&effect, srcTexture, matrix, bounds);
     SkASSERT(effect);
+    SkAutoUnref effectRef(effect);
     GrPaint paint;
-    paint.addColorEffect(effect)->unref();
+    paint.addColorEffect(effect);
     context->drawRectToRect(paint, dstRect, srcRect);
 
     SkAutoTUnref<GrTexture> resultTex(dst.detach());
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool SkImageFilter::asNewEffect(GrEffect**, GrTexture*, const SkMatrix&, const SkIRect&) const {
+bool SkImageFilter::asNewEffect(GrEffectRef**, GrTexture*, const SkMatrix&, const SkIRect&) const {
     return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/SkLocalMatrixShader.h b/src/core/SkLocalMatrixShader.h
index b56cd47..1143f06 100644
--- a/src/core/SkLocalMatrixShader.h
+++ b/src/core/SkLocalMatrixShader.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
     
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint, const SkMatrix* localMatrix,
-                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffect** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE {
+                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffectRef** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE {
         SkMatrix tmp = fProxyLocalMatrix;
         if (localMatrix) {
             tmp.preConcat(*localMatrix);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #else 
     
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint, const SkMatrix* localMatrix,
-                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffect** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE {
+                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffectRef** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE {
         SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/SkMaskFilter.cpp b/src/core/SkMaskFilter.cpp
index a2adc7c..2ab2843 100644
--- a/src/core/SkMaskFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkMaskFilter.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
 }
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-bool SkMaskFilter::asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture*, const SkMatrix&) const {
+bool SkMaskFilter::asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture*, const SkMatrix&) const {
     return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/SkPictureShader.cpp b/src/core/SkPictureShader.cpp
index e154131..2de8d4d 100644
--- a/src/core/SkPictureShader.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkPictureShader.cpp
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 #else
 bool SkPictureShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                   const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                  GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                  GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/SkPictureShader.h b/src/core/SkPictureShader.h
index 4995d26..294ffcd 100644
--- a/src/core/SkPictureShader.h
+++ b/src/core/SkPictureShader.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkPictureShader)
 
-    bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffect**)
+    bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffectRef**)
         const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
 protected:
diff --git a/src/core/SkShader.cpp b/src/core/SkShader.cpp
index 71781ee..18fb0d2 100644
--- a/src/core/SkShader.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkShader.cpp
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 
 bool SkShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                            const SkMatrix* localMatrixOrNull, GrColor* grColor,
-                           GrEffect** grEffect)  const {
+                           GrEffectRef** grEffect)  const {
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
 
 bool SkColorShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                      const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                     GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                     GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/SkXfermode.cpp b/src/core/SkXfermode.cpp
index b3e2ed1..d62602e 100644
--- a/src/core/SkXfermode.cpp
+++ b/src/core/SkXfermode.cpp
@@ -676,12 +676,12 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool SkXfermode::asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture* background) const {
+bool SkXfermode::asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture* background) const {
     return false;
 }
 
 bool SkXfermode::AsNewEffectOrCoeff(SkXfermode* xfermode,
-                                    GrEffect** effect,
+                                    GrEffectRef** effect,
                                     Coeff* src,
                                     Coeff* dst,
                                     GrTexture* background) {
diff --git a/src/core/SkXfermode_proccoeff.h b/src/core/SkXfermode_proccoeff.h
index b777f62..7edf665 100644
--- a/src/core/SkXfermode_proccoeff.h
+++ b/src/core/SkXfermode_proccoeff.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     virtual bool asCoeff(Coeff* sc, Coeff* dc) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect,
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect,
                              GrTexture* background) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/effects/SkAlphaThresholdFilter.cpp b/src/effects/SkAlphaThresholdFilter.cpp
index 0bc906d..6fcd2b4 100644
--- a/src/effects/SkAlphaThresholdFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/SkAlphaThresholdFilter.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     virtual bool onFilterImage(Proxy*, const SkBitmap& src, const Context&,
                                SkBitmap* result, SkIPoint* offset) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture* texture,
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture* texture,
                              const SkMatrix& matrix, const SkIRect& bounds) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
 }
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-bool SkAlphaThresholdFilterImpl::asNewEffect(GrEffect** effect, GrTexture* texture,
+bool SkAlphaThresholdFilterImpl::asNewEffect(GrEffectRef** effect, GrTexture* texture,
                                              const SkMatrix& in_matrix, const SkIRect&) const {
     if (effect) {
         GrContext* context = texture->getContext();
diff --git a/src/effects/SkColorFilters.cpp b/src/effects/SkColorFilters.cpp
index bee3a50..81d70a7 100644
--- a/src/effects/SkColorFilters.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/SkColorFilters.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual GrEffect* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual GrEffectRef* asNewEffect(GrContext*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkModeColorFilter)
 
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
     return ModeColorFilterEffect::Create(color, mode);
 }
 
-GrEffect* SkModeColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
+GrEffectRef* SkModeColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
     if (SkXfermode::kDst_Mode != fMode) {
         return ModeColorFilterEffect::Create(SkColor2GrColor(fColor), fMode);
     }
diff --git a/src/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.cpp b/src/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.cpp
index 4c90f3d..ae8b905 100644
--- a/src/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/SkLumaColorFilter.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     }
 };
 
-GrEffect* SkLumaColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
+GrEffectRef* SkLumaColorFilter::asNewEffect(GrContext*) const {
     return LumaColorFilterEffect::Create();
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.cpp b/src/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.cpp
index 502cc07..7f0127e 100644
--- a/src/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/SkPerlinNoiseShader.cpp
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@
 
 bool SkPerlinNoiseShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                       const SkMatrix* externalLocalMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                      GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                      GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkASSERT(NULL != context);
     
     *grColor = SkColor2GrColorJustAlpha(paint.getColor());
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@
 
 bool SkPerlinNoiseShader::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                       const SkMatrix* externalLocalMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                      GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                      GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/SkTableColorFilter.cpp b/src/effects/SkTableColorFilter.cpp
index 771d2fa..6a9ab10 100644
--- a/src/effects/SkTableColorFilter.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/SkTableColorFilter.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     virtual bool asComponentTable(SkBitmap* table) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-    virtual GrEffect* asNewEffect(GrContext* context) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual GrEffectRef* asNewEffect(GrContext* context) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 #endif
 
     virtual void filterSpan(const SkPMColor src[], int count,
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.cpp b/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.cpp
index 768623a..72b9d47 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.cpp
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
 
 bool SkLinearGradient::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                    const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                   GrEffect** grEffect)  const {
+                                   GrEffectRef** grEffect)  const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.h
index bb64188..f412a68 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkLinearGradient.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     virtual BitmapType asABitmap(SkBitmap*, SkMatrix*, TileMode*) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual GradientType asAGradient(GradientInfo* info) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint, const SkMatrix* localMatrix,
-                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffect** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+                             GrColor* grColor, GrEffectRef** grEffect) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkLinearGradient)
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.cpp b/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.cpp
index 38e6f33..f0cb161 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.cpp
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
 
 bool SkRadialGradient::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                    const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                   GrEffect** grEffect) const {
+                                   GrEffectRef** grEffect) const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.h
index ac79a57..197c967 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkRadialGradient.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
                                  SkMatrix* matrix,
                                  TileMode* xy) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual GradientType asAGradient(GradientInfo* info) const SK_OVERRIDE;
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffect**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffectRef**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
     SK_DECLARE_PUBLIC_FLATTENABLE_DESERIALIZATION_PROCS(SkRadialGradient)
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.cpp b/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.cpp
index 3b54ac8..154e3a2 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.cpp
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
 
 bool SkSweepGradient::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                   const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                  GrEffect** grEffect)  const {
+                                  GrEffectRef** grEffect)  const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.h
index 7404ac7..0b12e71 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkSweepGradient.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
     virtual GradientType asAGradient(GradientInfo* info) const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
-    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffect**)
+    virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*, GrEffectRef**)
         const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SK_TO_STRING_OVERRIDE()
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.cpp b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.cpp
index 6678000..4421b90 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.cpp
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
 
 bool SkTwoPointConicalGradient::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                             const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                            GrEffect** grEffect)  const {
+                                            GrEffectRef** grEffect)  const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.h
index bff377e..f345d08 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                                  TileMode* xy) const;
     virtual SkShader::GradientType asAGradient(GradientInfo* info) const  SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext*, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor* grColor,
-                             GrEffect**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
+                             GrEffectRef**) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual bool isOpaque() const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     SkScalar getCenterX1() const { return SkPoint::Distance(fCenter1, fCenter2); }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient_gpu.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient_gpu.h
index 4471ffc..2b0f061 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient_gpu.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointConicalGradient_gpu.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "SkGradientShaderPriv.h"
 
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class SkTwoPointConicalGradient;
 
 namespace Gr2PtConicalGradientEffect {
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
      * Creates an effect that produces a two point conical gradient based on the
      * shader passed in.
      */
-    GrEffect* Create(GrContext* ctx, const SkTwoPointConicalGradient& shader,
-                     SkShader::TileMode tm, const SkMatrix* localMatrix);
+    GrEffectRef* Create(GrContext* ctx, const SkTwoPointConicalGradient& shader,
+                        SkShader::TileMode tm, const SkMatrix* localMatrix);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.cpp b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.cpp
index 3507c89..e3d8996 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.cpp
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@
 
 bool SkTwoPointRadialGradient::asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint& paint,
                                            const SkMatrix* localMatrix, GrColor* grColor,
-                                           GrEffect** grEffect)  const {
+                                           GrEffectRef** grEffect)  const {
     SkDEBUGFAIL("Should not call in GPU-less build");
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.h b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.h
index dc3a155..8916754 100644
--- a/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.h
+++ b/src/effects/gradients/SkTwoPointRadialGradient.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
                                  TileMode* xy) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual GradientType asAGradient(GradientInfo* info) const SK_OVERRIDE;
     virtual bool asNewEffect(GrContext* context, const SkPaint&, const SkMatrix*, GrColor*,
-                             GrEffect**)  const SK_OVERRIDE;
+                             GrEffectRef**)  const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
     virtual size_t contextSize() const SK_OVERRIDE;
 
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrDrawState.h b/src/gpu/GrDrawState.h
index de14763..d2c60ea 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrDrawState.h
+++ b/src/gpu/GrDrawState.h
@@ -340,13 +340,13 @@
     /// the color / coverage distinction.
     ////
 
-    const GrEffect* addColorEffect(const GrEffect* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
+    const GrEffectRef* addColorEffect(const GrEffectRef* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
         SkASSERT(NULL != effect);
         SkNEW_APPEND_TO_TARRAY(&fColorStages, GrEffectStage, (effect, attr0, attr1));
         return effect;
     }
 
-    const GrEffect* addCoverageEffect(const GrEffect* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
+    const GrEffectRef* addCoverageEffect(const GrEffectRef* effect, int attr0 = -1, int attr1 = -1) {
         SkASSERT(NULL != effect);
         SkNEW_APPEND_TO_TARRAY(&fCoverageStages, GrEffectStage, (effect, attr0, attr1));
         return effect;
@@ -356,23 +356,27 @@
      * Creates a GrSimpleTextureEffect that uses local coords as texture coordinates.
      */
     void addColorTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix) {
-        this->addColorEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix))->unref();
+        GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix);
+        this->addColorEffect(effect)->unref();
     }
 
     void addCoverageTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix) {
-        this->addCoverageEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix))->unref();
+        GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix);
+        this->addCoverageEffect(effect)->unref();
     }
 
     void addColorTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture,
                                const SkMatrix& matrix,
                                const GrTextureParams& params) {
-        this->addColorEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params))->unref();
+        GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params);
+        this->addColorEffect(effect)->unref();
     }
 
     void addCoverageTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture,
                                   const SkMatrix& matrix,
                                   const GrTextureParams& params) {
-        this->addCoverageEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params))->unref();
+        GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params);
+        this->addCoverageEffect(effect)->unref();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrEffect.cpp b/src/gpu/GrEffect.cpp
index f952483..986e80a 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrEffect.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrEffect.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,25 @@
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-GrEffect::~GrEffect() {}
+GrEffectRef::~GrEffectRef() {
+    SkASSERT(this->unique());
+    fEffect->EffectRefDestroyed();
+    fEffect->unref();
+}
+
+void* GrEffectRef::operator new(size_t size) {
+    return GrEffect_Globals::GetTLS()->allocate(size);
+}
+
+void GrEffectRef::operator delete(void* target) {
+    GrEffect_Globals::GetTLS()->release(target);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+GrEffect::~GrEffect() {
+    SkASSERT(NULL == fEffectRef);
+}
 
 const char* GrEffect::name() const {
     return this->getFactory().name();
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrPaint.cpp b/src/gpu/GrPaint.cpp
index 328484b..ddce0ef 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrPaint.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrPaint.cpp
@@ -12,23 +12,27 @@
 #include "effects/GrSimpleTextureEffect.h"
 
 void GrPaint::addColorTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix) {
-    this->addColorEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix))->unref();
+    GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix);
+    this->addColorEffect(effect)->unref();
 }
 
 void GrPaint::addCoverageTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture, const SkMatrix& matrix) {
-    this->addCoverageEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix))->unref();
+    GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix);
+    this->addCoverageEffect(effect)->unref();
 }
 
 void GrPaint::addColorTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture,
                                     const SkMatrix& matrix,
                                     const GrTextureParams& params) {
-    this->addColorEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params))->unref();
+    GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params);
+    this->addColorEffect(effect)->unref();
 }
 
 void GrPaint::addCoverageTextureEffect(GrTexture* texture,
                                        const SkMatrix& matrix,
                                        const GrTextureParams& params) {
-    this->addCoverageEffect(GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params))->unref();
+    GrEffectRef* effect = GrSimpleTextureEffect::Create(texture, matrix, params);
+    this->addCoverageEffect(effect)->unref();
 }
 
 bool GrPaint::isOpaque() const {
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/GrDashingEffect.h b/src/gpu/effects/GrDashingEffect.h
index 1a51e89..ced9671 100644
--- a/src/gpu/effects/GrDashingEffect.h
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/GrDashingEffect.h
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
      * Bounding geometry is rendered and the effect computes coverage based on the fragment's
      * position relative to the dashed line.
      */
-    GrEffect* Create(GrEffectEdgeType edgeType, const SkPathEffect::DashInfo& info,
-                     SkScalar strokeWidth, DashCap cap);
+    GrEffectRef* Create(GrEffectEdgeType edgeType, const SkPathEffect::DashInfo& info,
+                        SkScalar strokeWidth, DashCap cap);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/GrDitherEffect.h b/src/gpu/effects/GrDitherEffect.h
index 88e0a27..63036c0 100644
--- a/src/gpu/effects/GrDitherEffect.h
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/GrDitherEffect.h
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 #include "GrTypes.h"
 #include "GrTypesPriv.h"
 
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 
 namespace GrDitherEffect {
     /**
      * Creates an effect that dithers the resulting color to an RGBA8 framebuffer
      */
-    GrEffect* Create();
+    GrEffectRef* Create();
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/GrOvalEffect.h b/src/gpu/effects/GrOvalEffect.h
index 37574ec..796ee5b 100644
--- a/src/gpu/effects/GrOvalEffect.h
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/GrOvalEffect.h
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 #include "GrTypes.h"
 #include "GrTypesPriv.h"
 
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 struct SkRect;
 
 namespace GrOvalEffect {
     /**
      * Creates an effect that performs clipping against an oval.
      */
-    GrEffect* Create(GrEffectEdgeType, const SkRect&);
+    GrEffectRef* Create(GrEffectEdgeType, const SkRect&);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/GrRRectEffect.h b/src/gpu/effects/GrRRectEffect.h
index bcf4884..45ac5f4 100644
--- a/src/gpu/effects/GrRRectEffect.h
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/GrRRectEffect.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "GrTypes.h"
 #include "GrTypesPriv.h"
 
-class GrEffect;
+class GrEffectRef;
 class SkRRect;
 
 namespace GrRRectEffect {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
      * Creates an effect that performs anti-aliased clipping against a SkRRect. It doesn't support
      * all varieties of SkRRect so the caller must check for a NULL return.
      */
-    GrEffect* Create(GrEffectEdgeType, const SkRRect&);
+    GrEffectRef* Create(GrEffectEdgeType, const SkRRect&);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/tests/GLProgramsTest.cpp b/tests/GLProgramsTest.cpp
index 8ead5b8..64c8559 100644
--- a/tests/GLProgramsTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/GLProgramsTest.cpp
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
                                                                             *this->caps(),
                                                                             dummyTextures));
             SkASSERT(effect);
-            int numAttribs = effect->numVertexAttribs();
+            int numAttribs = (*effect)->numVertexAttribs();
 
             // If adding this effect would exceed the max attrib count then generate a
             // new random effect.
@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@
 
             // If adding this effect would exceed the max texture coord set count then generate a
             // new random effect.
-            if (useFixedFunctionTexturing && !effect->hasVertexCode()) {
-                int numTransforms = effect->numTransforms();
+            if (useFixedFunctionTexturing && !(*effect)->hasVertexCode()) {
+                int numTransforms = (*effect)->numTransforms();
                 if (currTextureCoordSet + numTransforms > this->glCaps().maxFixedFunctionTextureCoords()) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 currTextureCoordSet += numTransforms;
             }
 
-            useFixedFunctionTexturing = useFixedFunctionTexturing && !effect->hasVertexCode();
+            useFixedFunctionTexturing = useFixedFunctionTexturing && !(*effect)->hasVertexCode();
 
             for (int i = 0; i < numAttribs; ++i) {
                 attribIndices[i] = currAttribIndex++;
diff --git a/tests/GpuColorFilterTest.cpp b/tests/GpuColorFilterTest.cpp
index cdb5ef3..9ba9431 100644
--- a/tests/GpuColorFilterTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/GpuColorFilterTest.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
         SkAutoTUnref<GrEffectRef> grEffect(cf->asNewEffect(grContext));
         GrColor color = test.inputColor;
         uint32_t components = test.inputComponents;
-        grEffect->getConstantColorComponents(&color, &components);
+        grEffect->get()->getConstantColorComponents(&color, &components);
 
         REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, filterColor(color, components) == test.outputColor);
         REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, test.outputComponents == components);