upgrade sqlite from 3.5.9 to 3.6.22

you should notice the following from the Android changes in 3.5.9
1. Android Changes are grouped wherever possible.

To Do
1. sqlite3_get_pager_stats() needs to be completed
2. Android change lines 63480-63482 on master branch in sqlite3.c is
not ported yet. can't see where it goes in 3.6.22 code.
diff --git a/dist/shell.c b/dist/shell.c
index a631f83..8c7a91f 100644
--- a/dist/shell.c
+++ b/dist/shell.c
@@ -11,12 +11,10 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code to implement the "sqlite" command line
 ** utility for accessing SQLite databases.
-**
-** $Id: shell.c,v 1.178 2008/05/05 16:27:24 drh Exp $
 */
-
-#ifndef NO_ANDROID_FUNCS
-#include <sqlite3_android.h>
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
+/* This needs to come before any includes for MSVC compiler */
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #endif
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -29,7 +27,9 @@
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__)
 # include <signal.h>
-# include <pwd.h>
+# if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
+#  include <pwd.h>
+# endif
 # include <unistd.h>
 # include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
 
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
 # include <io.h>
+#define isatty(h) _isatty(h)
+#define access(f,m) _access((f),(m))
 #else
 /* Make sure isatty() has a prototype.
 */
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@
 #define isatty(x) 1
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__)
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__) && !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 
@@ -84,10 +86,10 @@
   }
 }
 
-/* Return the difference of two time_structs in microseconds */
-static int timeDiff(struct timeval *pStart, struct timeval *pEnd){
-  return (pEnd->tv_usec - pStart->tv_usec) + 
-         1000000*(pEnd->tv_sec - pStart->tv_sec);
+/* Return the difference of two time_structs in seconds */
+static double timeDiff(struct timeval *pStart, struct timeval *pEnd){
+  return (pEnd->tv_usec - pStart->tv_usec)*0.000001 + 
+         (double)(pEnd->tv_sec - pStart->tv_sec);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,19 +100,962 @@
     struct rusage sEnd;
     getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &sEnd);
     printf("CPU Time: user %f sys %f\n",
-       0.000001*timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_utime, &sEnd.ru_utime),
-       0.000001*timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_stime, &sEnd.ru_stime));
+       timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_utime, &sEnd.ru_utime),
+       timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_stime, &sEnd.ru_stime));
   }
 }
+
 #define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
 #define END_TIMER endTimer()
 #define HAS_TIMER 1
+
+#elif (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32))
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+/* Saved resource information for the beginning of an operation */
+static HANDLE hProcess;
+static FILETIME ftKernelBegin;
+static FILETIME ftUserBegin;
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *GETPROCTIMES)(HANDLE, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME, LPFILETIME);
+static GETPROCTIMES getProcessTimesAddr = NULL;
+
+/* True if the timer is enabled */
+static int enableTimer = 0;
+
+/*
+** Check to see if we have timer support.  Return 1 if necessary
+** support found (or found previously).
+*/
+static int hasTimer(void){
+  if( getProcessTimesAddr ){
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    /* GetProcessTimes() isn't supported in WIN95 and some other Windows versions.
+    ** See if the version we are running on has it, and if it does, save off
+    ** a pointer to it and the current process handle.
+    */
+    hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
+    if( hProcess ){
+      HINSTANCE hinstLib = LoadLibrary(TEXT("Kernel32.dll"));
+      if( NULL != hinstLib ){
+        getProcessTimesAddr = (GETPROCTIMES) GetProcAddress(hinstLib, "GetProcessTimes");
+        if( NULL != getProcessTimesAddr ){
+          return 1;
+        }
+        FreeLibrary(hinstLib); 
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Begin timing an operation
+*/
+static void beginTimer(void){
+  if( enableTimer && getProcessTimesAddr ){
+    FILETIME ftCreation, ftExit;
+    getProcessTimesAddr(hProcess, &ftCreation, &ftExit, &ftKernelBegin, &ftUserBegin);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Return the difference of two FILETIME structs in seconds */
+static double timeDiff(FILETIME *pStart, FILETIME *pEnd){
+  sqlite_int64 i64Start = *((sqlite_int64 *) pStart);
+  sqlite_int64 i64End = *((sqlite_int64 *) pEnd);
+  return (double) ((i64End - i64Start) / 10000000.0);
+}
+
+/*
+** Print the timing results.
+*/
+static void endTimer(void){
+  if( enableTimer && getProcessTimesAddr){
+    FILETIME ftCreation, ftExit, ftKernelEnd, ftUserEnd;
+    getProcessTimesAddr(hProcess, &ftCreation, &ftExit, &ftKernelEnd, &ftUserEnd);
+    printf("CPU Time: user %f sys %f\n",
+       timeDiff(&ftUserBegin, &ftUserEnd),
+       timeDiff(&ftKernelBegin, &ftKernelEnd));
+  }
+}
+
+#define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
+#define END_TIMER endTimer()
+#define HAS_TIMER hasTimer()
+
 #else
 #define BEGIN_TIMER 
 #define END_TIMER
 #define HAS_TIMER 0
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Used to prevent warnings about unused parameters
+*/
+#define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
+
+
+/**************************************************************************
+***************************************************************************
+** Begin genfkey logic.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+
+#define GENFKEY_ERROR         1
+#define GENFKEY_DROPTRIGGER   2
+#define GENFKEY_CREATETRIGGER 3
+static int genfkey_create_triggers(sqlite3 *, const char *, void *,
+  int (*)(void *, int, const char *)
+);
+
+struct GenfkeyCb {
+  void *pCtx;
+  int eType;
+  int (*xData)(void *, int, const char *);
+};
+typedef struct GenfkeyCb GenfkeyCb;
+
+/* The code in this file defines a sqlite3 virtual-table module that
+** provides a read-only view of the current database schema. There is one
+** row in the schema table for each column in the database schema.
+*/
+#define SCHEMA \
+"CREATE TABLE x("                                                            \
+  "database,"          /* Name of database (i.e. main, temp etc.) */         \
+  "tablename,"         /* Name of table */                                   \
+  "cid,"               /* Column number (from left-to-right, 0 upward) */    \
+  "name,"              /* Column name */                                     \
+  "type,"              /* Specified type (i.e. VARCHAR(32)) */               \
+  "not_null,"          /* Boolean. True if NOT NULL was specified */         \
+  "dflt_value,"        /* Default value for this column */                   \
+  "pk"                 /* True if this column is part of the primary key */  \
+")"
+
+#define SCHEMA2 \
+"CREATE TABLE x("                                                            \
+  "database,"          /* Name of database (i.e. main, temp etc.) */         \
+  "from_tbl,"          /* Name of table */                                   \
+  "fkid,"                                                                    \
+  "seq,"                                                                     \
+  "to_tbl,"                                                                  \
+  "from_col,"                                                                \
+  "to_col,"                                                                  \
+  "on_update,"                                                               \
+  "on_delete,"                                                               \
+  "match"                                                                    \
+")"
+
+#define SCHEMA3 \
+"CREATE TABLE x("                                                            \
+  "database,"          /* Name of database (i.e. main, temp etc.) */         \
+  "tablename,"         /* Name of table */                                   \
+  "seq,"                                                                     \
+  "name,"                                                                    \
+  "isunique"                                                                 \
+")"
+
+#define SCHEMA4 \
+"CREATE TABLE x("                                                            \
+  "database,"          /* Name of database (i.e. main, temp etc.) */         \
+  "indexname,"         /* Name of table */                                   \
+  "seqno,"                                                                   \
+  "cid,"                                                                     \
+  "name"                                                                     \
+")"
+
+#define SCHEMA5 \
+"CREATE TABLE x("                                                            \
+  "database,"          /* Name of database (i.e. main, temp etc.) */         \
+  "triggername,"       /* Name of trigger */                                 \
+  "dummy"              /* Unused */                                          \
+")"
+
+typedef struct SchemaTable SchemaTable;
+static struct SchemaTable {
+  const char *zName;
+  const char *zObject;
+  const char *zPragma;
+  const char *zSchema;
+} aSchemaTable[] = {
+  { "table_info",       "table", "PRAGMA %Q.table_info(%Q)",       SCHEMA },
+  { "foreign_key_list", "table", "PRAGMA %Q.foreign_key_list(%Q)", SCHEMA2 },
+  { "index_list",       "table", "PRAGMA %Q.index_list(%Q)",       SCHEMA3 },
+  { "index_info",       "index", "PRAGMA %Q.index_info(%Q)",       SCHEMA4 },
+  { "trigger_list",     "trigger", "SELECT 1",                     SCHEMA5 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+typedef struct schema_vtab schema_vtab;
+typedef struct schema_cursor schema_cursor;
+
+/* A schema table object */
+struct schema_vtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  SchemaTable *pType;
+};
+
+/* A schema table cursor object */
+struct schema_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDbList;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pTableList;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pColumnList;
+  int rowid;
+};
+
+/*
+** Table destructor for the schema module.
+*/
+static int schemaDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Table constructor for the schema module.
+*/
+static int schemaCreate(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  schema_vtab *pVtab;
+  SchemaTable *pType = &aSchemaTable[0];
+
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pzErr);
+  if( argc>3 ){
+    int i;
+    pType = 0;
+    for(i=0; aSchemaTable[i].zName; i++){ 
+      if( 0==strcmp(argv[3], aSchemaTable[i].zName) ){
+        pType = &aSchemaTable[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if( !pType ){
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  pVtab = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(schema_vtab));
+  if( pVtab ){
+    memset(pVtab, 0, sizeof(schema_vtab));
+    pVtab->db = (sqlite3 *)pAux;
+    pVtab->pType = pType;
+    rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, pType->zSchema);
+  }
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab *)pVtab;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Open a new cursor on the schema table.
+*/
+static int schemaOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  schema_cursor *pCur;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVTab);
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(schema_cursor));
+  if( pCur ){
+    memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(schema_cursor));
+    *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)pCur;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Close a schema table cursor.
+*/
+static int schemaClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)cur;
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pDbList);
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pTableList);
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pColumnList);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static void columnToResult(sqlite3_context *ctx, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int iCol){
+  switch( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, iCol) ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL:
+      sqlite3_result_null(ctx);
+      break;
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, iCol));
+      break;
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+      sqlite3_result_double(ctx, sqlite3_column_double(pStmt, iCol));
+      break;
+    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+      const char *z = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, iCol);
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, z, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Retrieve a column of data.
+*/
+static int schemaColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0:
+      columnToResult(ctx, pCur->pDbList, 1);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      columnToResult(ctx, pCur->pTableList, 0);
+      break;
+    default:
+      columnToResult(ctx, pCur->pColumnList, i-2);
+      break;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Retrieve the current rowid.
+*/
+static int schemaRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->rowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int finalize(sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt){
+  int rc = sqlite3_finalize(*ppStmt);
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int schemaEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)cur;
+  return (pCur->pDbList ? 0 : 1);
+}
+
+/*
+** Advance the cursor to the next row.
+*/
+static int schemaNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)cur;
+  schema_vtab *pVtab = (schema_vtab *)(cur->pVtab);
+  char *zSql = 0;
+
+  while( !pCur->pColumnList || SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCur->pColumnList) ){
+    if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = finalize(&pCur->pColumnList)) ) goto next_exit;
+
+    while( !pCur->pTableList || SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCur->pTableList) ){
+      if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = finalize(&pCur->pTableList)) ) goto next_exit;
+
+      assert(pCur->pDbList);
+      while( SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCur->pDbList) ){
+        rc = finalize(&pCur->pDbList);
+        goto next_exit;
+      }
+
+      /* Set zSql to the SQL to pull the list of tables from the 
+      ** sqlite_master (or sqlite_temp_master) table of the database
+      ** identfied by the row pointed to by the SQL statement pCur->pDbList
+      ** (iterating through a "PRAGMA database_list;" statement).
+      */
+      if( sqlite3_column_int(pCur->pDbList, 0)==1 ){
+        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+            "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type=%Q",
+            pVtab->pType->zObject
+        );
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_stmt *pDbList = pCur->pDbList;
+        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+            "SELECT name FROM %Q.sqlite_master WHERE type=%Q",
+             sqlite3_column_text(pDbList, 1), pVtab->pType->zObject
+        );
+      }
+      if( !zSql ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        goto next_exit;
+      }
+
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare(pVtab->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pTableList, 0);
+      sqlite3_free(zSql);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto next_exit;
+    }
+
+    /* Set zSql to the SQL to the table_info pragma for the table currently
+    ** identified by the rows pointed to by statements pCur->pDbList and
+    ** pCur->pTableList.
+    */
+    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(pVtab->pType->zPragma,
+        sqlite3_column_text(pCur->pDbList, 1),
+        sqlite3_column_text(pCur->pTableList, 0)
+    );
+
+    if( !zSql ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      goto next_exit;
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare(pVtab->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pColumnList, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto next_exit;
+  }
+  pCur->rowid++;
+
+next_exit:
+  /* TODO: Handle rc */
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset a schema table cursor.
+*/
+static int schemaFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int rc;
+  schema_vtab *pVtab = (schema_vtab *)(pVtabCursor->pVtab);
+  schema_cursor *pCur = (schema_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxNum);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxStr);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
+  pCur->rowid = 0;
+  finalize(&pCur->pTableList);
+  finalize(&pCur->pColumnList);
+  finalize(&pCur->pDbList);
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare(pVtab->db,"SELECT 0, 'main'", -1, &pCur->pDbList, 0);
+  return (rc==SQLITE_OK ? schemaNext(pVtabCursor) : rc);
+}
+
+/*
+** Analyse the WHERE condition.
+*/
+static int schemaBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(tab);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pIdxInfo);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** A virtual table module that merely echos method calls into TCL
+** variables.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module schemaModule = {
+  0,                           /* iVersion */
+  schemaCreate,
+  schemaCreate,
+  schemaBestIndex,
+  schemaDestroy,
+  schemaDestroy,
+  schemaOpen,                  /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  schemaClose,                 /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  schemaFilter,                /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  schemaNext,                  /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  schemaEof,                   /* xEof */
+  schemaColumn,                /* xColumn - read data */
+  schemaRowid,                 /* xRowid - read data */
+  0,                           /* xUpdate */
+  0,                           /* xBegin */
+  0,                           /* xSync */
+  0,                           /* xCommit */
+  0,                           /* xRollback */
+  0,                           /* xFindMethod */
+  0,                           /* xRename */
+};
+
+/*
+** Extension load function.
+*/
+static int installSchemaModule(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3 *sdb){
+  sqlite3_create_module(db, "schema", &schemaModule, (void *)sdb);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+**   sj(zValue, zJoin)
+**
+** The following block contains the implementation of an aggregate 
+** function that returns a string. Each time the function is stepped, 
+** it appends data to an internal buffer. When the aggregate is finalized,
+** the contents of the buffer are returned.
+**
+** The first time the aggregate is stepped the buffer is set to a copy
+** of the first argument. The second time and subsequent times it is
+** stepped a copy of the second argument is appended to the buffer, then
+** a copy of the first.
+**
+** Example:
+**
+**   INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES('1');
+**   INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES('2');
+**   INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES('3');
+**   SELECT sj(a, ', ') FROM t1;
+**
+**     =>  "1, 2, 3"
+**
+*/
+struct StrBuffer {
+  char *zBuf;
+};
+typedef struct StrBuffer StrBuffer;
+static void joinFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
+  StrBuffer *p;
+  p = (StrBuffer *)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(StrBuffer));
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, p->zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_free(p->zBuf);
+}
+static void joinStep(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  StrBuffer *p;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
+  p = (StrBuffer *)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(StrBuffer));
+  if( p->zBuf==0 ){
+    p->zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]));
+  }else{
+    char *zTmp = p->zBuf;
+    p->zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%s%s%s", 
+        zTmp, sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]), sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])
+    );
+    sqlite3_free(zTmp);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+**   dq(zString)
+**
+** This scalar function accepts a single argument and interprets it as
+** a text value. The return value is the argument enclosed in double
+** quotes. If any double quote characters are present in the argument, 
+** these are escaped.
+**
+**   dq('the raven "Nevermore."') == '"the raven ""Nevermore."""'
+*/
+static void doublequote(
+  sqlite3_context *context, 
+  int argc, 
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int ii;
+  char *zOut;
+  char *zCsr;
+  const char *zIn = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  int nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
+  zOut = sqlite3_malloc(nIn*2+3);
+  zCsr = zOut;
+  *zCsr++ = '"';
+  for(ii=0; ii<nIn; ii++){
+    *zCsr++ = zIn[ii];
+    if( zIn[ii]=='"' ){
+      *zCsr++ = '"';
+    }
+  }
+  *zCsr++ = '"';
+  *zCsr++ = '\0';
+
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, zOut, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_free(zOut);
+}
+
+/*
+**   multireplace(zString, zSearch1, zReplace1, ...)
+*/
+static void multireplace(
+  sqlite3_context *context, 
+  int argc, 
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int i = 0;
+  char *zOut = 0;
+  int nOut = 0;
+  int nMalloc = 0;
+  const char *zIn = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  int nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+
+  while( i<nIn ){
+    const char *zCopy = &zIn[i];
+    int nCopy = 1;
+    int nReplace = 1;
+    int j;
+    for(j=1; j<(argc-1); j+=2){
+      const char *z = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[j]);
+      int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[j]);
+      if( n<=(nIn-i) && 0==strncmp(z, zCopy, n) ){
+        zCopy = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[j+1]);
+        nCopy = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[j+1]);
+        nReplace = n;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( (nOut+nCopy)>nMalloc ){
+      char *zNew;
+      nMalloc = 16 + (nOut+nCopy)*2;
+      zNew = (char*)sqlite3_realloc(zOut, nMalloc);
+      if( zNew==0 ){
+        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+        return;
+      }else{
+        zOut = zNew;
+      }
+    }
+    assert( nMalloc>=(nOut+nCopy) );
+    memcpy(&zOut[nOut], zCopy, nCopy);
+    i += nReplace;
+    nOut += nCopy;
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, zOut, nOut, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_free(zOut);
+}
+
+/*
+** A callback for sqlite3_exec() invokes the callback specified by the
+** GenfkeyCb structure pointed to by the void* passed as the first argument.
+*/
+static int invokeCallback(void *p, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol){
+  GenfkeyCb *pCb = (GenfkeyCb *)p;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(azCol);
+  return pCb->xData(pCb->pCtx, pCb->eType, azArg[0]);
+}
+
+static int detectSchemaProblem(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database connection */
+  const char *zMessage,          /* English language error message */
+  const char *zSql,              /* SQL statement to run */
+  GenfkeyCb *pCb
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  int rc;
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+  while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+    char *zDel;
+    int iFk = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+    const char *zTab = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+    zDel = sqlite3_mprintf("Error in table %s: %s", zTab, zMessage);
+    rc = pCb->xData(pCb->pCtx, pCb->eType, zDel);
+    sqlite3_free(zDel);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+    zDel = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "DELETE FROM temp.fkey WHERE from_tbl = %Q AND fkid = %d"
+        , zTab, iFk
+    );
+    sqlite3_exec(db, zDel, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zDel);
+  }
+  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create and populate temporary table "fkey".
+*/
+static int populateTempTable(sqlite3 *db, GenfkeyCb *pCallback){
+  int rc;
+  
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, 
+      "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.v_fkey USING schema(foreign_key_list);"
+      "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.v_col USING schema(table_info);"
+      "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.v_idxlist USING schema(index_list);"
+      "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.v_idxinfo USING schema(index_info);"
+      "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.v_triggers USING schema(trigger_list);"
+      "CREATE TABLE temp.fkey AS "
+        "SELECT from_tbl, to_tbl, fkid, from_col, to_col, on_update, on_delete "
+        "FROM temp.v_fkey WHERE database = 'main';"
+      , 0, 0, 0
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = detectSchemaProblem(db, "foreign key columns do not exist",
+    "SELECT fkid, from_tbl "
+    "FROM temp.fkey "
+    "WHERE to_col IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 "
+        "FROM temp.v_col WHERE tablename=to_tbl AND name==to_col"
+    ")", pCallback
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  /* At this point the temp.fkey table is mostly populated. If any foreign
+  ** keys were specified so that they implicitly refer to they primary
+  ** key of the parent table, the "to_col" values of the temp.fkey rows
+  ** are still set to NULL.
+  **
+  ** This is easily fixed for single column primary keys, but not for
+  ** composites. With a composite primary key, there is no way to reliably
+  ** query sqlite for the order in which the columns that make up the
+  ** composite key were declared i.e. there is no way to tell if the
+  ** schema actually contains "PRIMARY KEY(a, b)" or "PRIMARY KEY(b, a)".
+  ** Therefore, this case is not handled. The following function call
+  ** detects instances of this case.
+  */
+  rc = detectSchemaProblem(db, "implicit mapping to composite primary key",
+    "SELECT fkid, from_tbl "
+    "FROM temp.fkey "
+    "WHERE to_col IS NULL "
+    "GROUP BY fkid, from_tbl HAVING count(*) > 1", pCallback
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  /* Detect attempts to implicitly map to the primary key of a table 
+  ** that has no primary key column.
+  */
+  rc = detectSchemaProblem(db, "implicit mapping to non-existant primary key",
+    "SELECT fkid, from_tbl "
+    "FROM temp.fkey "
+    "WHERE to_col IS NULL AND NOT EXISTS "
+      "(SELECT 1 FROM temp.v_col WHERE pk AND tablename = temp.fkey.to_tbl)"
+    , pCallback
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  /* Fix all the implicit primary key mappings in the temp.fkey table. */
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, 
+    "UPDATE temp.fkey SET to_col = "
+      "(SELECT name FROM temp.v_col WHERE pk AND tablename=temp.fkey.to_tbl)"
+    " WHERE to_col IS NULL;"
+    , 0, 0, 0
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  /* Now check that all all parent keys are either primary keys or 
+  ** subject to a unique constraint.
+  */
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, 
+    "CREATE TABLE temp.idx2 AS SELECT "
+      "il.tablename AS tablename,"
+      "ii.indexname AS indexname,"
+      "ii.name AS col "
+      "FROM temp.v_idxlist AS il, temp.v_idxinfo AS ii "
+      "WHERE il.isunique AND il.database='main' AND ii.indexname = il.name;"
+    "INSERT INTO temp.idx2 "
+      "SELECT tablename, 'pk', name FROM temp.v_col WHERE pk;"
+
+    "CREATE TABLE temp.idx AS SELECT "
+      "tablename, indexname, sj(dq(col),',') AS cols "
+      "FROM (SELECT * FROM temp.idx2 ORDER BY col) " 
+      "GROUP BY tablename, indexname;"
+
+    "CREATE TABLE temp.fkey2 AS SELECT "
+        "fkid, from_tbl, to_tbl, sj(dq(to_col),',') AS cols "
+        "FROM (SELECT * FROM temp.fkey ORDER BY to_col) " 
+        "GROUP BY fkid, from_tbl;"
+
+    "CREATE TABLE temp.triggers AS SELECT "
+        "triggername FROM temp.v_triggers WHERE database='main' AND "
+        "triggername LIKE 'genfkey%';"
+    , 0, 0, 0
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  rc = detectSchemaProblem(db, "foreign key is not unique",
+    "SELECT fkid, from_tbl "
+    "FROM temp.fkey2 "
+    "WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 "
+        "FROM temp.idx WHERE tablename=to_tbl AND fkey2.cols==idx.cols"
+    ")", pCallback
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#define GENFKEY_ERROR         1
+#define GENFKEY_DROPTRIGGER   2
+#define GENFKEY_CREATETRIGGER 3
+static int genfkey_create_triggers(
+  sqlite3 *sdb,                        /* Connection to read schema from */
+  const char *zDb,                     /* Name of db to read ("main", "temp") */
+  void *pCtx,                          /* Context pointer to pass to xData */
+  int (*xData)(void *, int, const char *)
+){
+  const char *zSql =
+    "SELECT multireplace('"
+
+      "-- Triggers for foreign key mapping:\n"
+      "--\n"
+      "--     /from_readable/ REFERENCES /to_readable/\n"
+      "--     on delete /on_delete/\n"
+      "--     on update /on_update/\n"
+      "--\n"
+
+      /* The "BEFORE INSERT ON <referencing>" trigger. This trigger's job is to
+      ** throw an exception if the user tries to insert a row into the
+      ** referencing table for which there is no corresponding row in
+      ** the referenced table.
+      */
+      "CREATE TRIGGER /name/_insert_referencing BEFORE INSERT ON /tbl/ WHEN \n"
+      "    /key_notnull/ AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM /ref/ WHERE /cond1/)\n" 
+      "BEGIN\n"
+        "  SELECT RAISE(ABORT, ''constraint failed'');\n"
+      "END;\n"
+
+      /* The "BEFORE UPDATE ON <referencing>" trigger. This trigger's job 
+      ** is to throw an exception if the user tries to update a row in the
+      ** referencing table causing it to correspond to no row in the
+      ** referenced table.
+      */
+      "CREATE TRIGGER /name/_update_referencing BEFORE\n"
+      "    UPDATE OF /rkey_list/ ON /tbl/ WHEN \n"
+      "    /key_notnull/ AND \n"
+      "    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM /ref/ WHERE /cond1/)\n" 
+      "BEGIN\n"
+        "  SELECT RAISE(ABORT, ''constraint failed'');\n"
+      "END;\n"
+
+
+      /* The "BEFORE DELETE ON <referenced>" trigger. This trigger's job 
+      ** is to detect when a row is deleted from the referenced table to 
+      ** which rows in the referencing table correspond. The action taken
+      ** depends on the value of the 'ON DELETE' clause.
+      */
+      "CREATE TRIGGER /name/_delete_referenced BEFORE DELETE ON /ref/ WHEN\n"
+      "    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM /tbl/ WHERE /cond2/)\n"
+      "BEGIN\n"
+      "  /delete_action/\n"
+      "END;\n"
+
+      /* The "AFTER UPDATE ON <referenced>" trigger. This trigger's job 
+      ** is to detect when the key columns of a row in the referenced table 
+      ** to which one or more rows in the referencing table correspond are
+      ** updated. The action taken depends on the value of the 'ON UPDATE' 
+      ** clause.
+      */
+      "CREATE TRIGGER /name/_update_referenced AFTER\n"
+      "    UPDATE OF /fkey_list/ ON /ref/ WHEN \n"
+      "    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM /tbl/ WHERE /cond2/)\n"
+      "BEGIN\n"
+      "  /update_action/\n"
+      "END;\n"
+    "'"
+
+    /* These are used in the SQL comment written above each set of triggers */
+    ", '/from_readable/',  from_tbl || '(' || sj(from_col, ', ') || ')'"
+    ", '/to_readable/',    to_tbl || '(' || sj(to_col, ', ') || ')'"
+    ", '/on_delete/', on_delete"
+    ", '/on_update/', on_update"
+
+    ", '/name/',   'genfkey' || min(rowid)"
+    ", '/tbl/',    dq(from_tbl)"
+    ", '/ref/',    dq(to_tbl)"
+    ", '/key_notnull/', sj('new.' || dq(from_col) || ' IS NOT NULL', ' AND ')"
+
+    ", '/fkey_list/', sj(dq(to_col), ', ')"
+    ", '/rkey_list/', sj(dq(from_col), ', ')"
+
+    ", '/cond1/',  sj(multireplace('new./from/ == /to/'"
+                   ", '/from/', dq(from_col)"
+                   ", '/to/',   dq(to_col)"
+                   "), ' AND ')"
+    ", '/cond2/',  sj(multireplace('old./to/ == /from/'"
+                   ", '/from/', dq(from_col)"
+                   ", '/to/',   dq(to_col)"
+                   "), ' AND ')"
+
+    ", '/update_action/', CASE on_update "
+      "WHEN 'SET NULL' THEN "
+        "multireplace('UPDATE /tbl/ SET /setlist/ WHERE /where/;' "
+        ", '/setlist/', sj(dq(from_col)||' = NULL',', ')"
+        ", '/tbl/',     dq(from_tbl)"
+        ", '/where/',   sj(dq(from_col)||' = old.'||dq(to_col),' AND ')"
+        ")"
+      "WHEN 'CASCADE' THEN "
+        "multireplace('UPDATE /tbl/ SET /setlist/ WHERE /where/;' "
+        ", '/setlist/', sj(dq(from_col)||' = new.'||dq(to_col),', ')"
+        ", '/tbl/',     dq(from_tbl)"
+        ", '/where/',   sj(dq(from_col)||' = old.'||dq(to_col),' AND ')"
+        ")"
+      "ELSE "
+      "  'SELECT RAISE(ABORT, ''constraint failed'');'"
+      "END "
+
+    ", '/delete_action/', CASE on_delete "
+      "WHEN 'SET NULL' THEN "
+        "multireplace('UPDATE /tbl/ SET /setlist/ WHERE /where/;' "
+        ", '/setlist/', sj(dq(from_col)||' = NULL',', ')"
+        ", '/tbl/',     dq(from_tbl)"
+        ", '/where/',   sj(dq(from_col)||' = old.'||dq(to_col),' AND ')"
+        ")"
+      "WHEN 'CASCADE' THEN "
+        "multireplace('DELETE FROM /tbl/ WHERE /where/;' "
+        ", '/tbl/',     dq(from_tbl)"
+        ", '/where/',   sj(dq(from_col)||' = old.'||dq(to_col),' AND ')"
+        ")"
+      "ELSE "
+      "  'SELECT RAISE(ABORT, ''constraint failed'');'"
+      "END "
+
+    ") FROM temp.fkey "
+    "GROUP BY from_tbl, fkid"
+  ;
+
+  int rc;
+  const int enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+  sqlite3 *db = 0;
+
+  GenfkeyCb cb;
+  cb.xData = xData;
+  cb.pCtx = pCtx;
+
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zDb);
+
+  /* Open the working database handle. */
+  rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &db);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto genfkey_exit;
+
+  /* Create the special scalar and aggregate functions used by this program. */
+  sqlite3_create_function(db, "dq", 1, enc, 0, doublequote, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3_create_function(db, "multireplace", -1, enc, db, multireplace, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3_create_function(db, "sj", 2, enc, 0, 0, joinStep, joinFinalize);
+
+  /* Install the "schema" virtual table module */
+  installSchemaModule(db, sdb);
+
+  /* Create and populate a temp table with the information required to
+  ** build the foreign key triggers. See function populateTempTable()
+  ** for details.
+  */
+  cb.eType = GENFKEY_ERROR;
+  rc = populateTempTable(db, &cb);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto genfkey_exit;
+
+  /* Unless the --no-drop option was specified, generate DROP TRIGGER
+  ** statements to drop any triggers in the database generated by a
+  ** previous run of this program.
+  */
+  cb.eType = GENFKEY_DROPTRIGGER;
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, 
+    "SELECT 'DROP TRIGGER main.' || dq(triggername) || ';' FROM triggers"
+    ,invokeCallback, (void *)&cb, 0
+  );
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto genfkey_exit;
+
+  /* Run the main query to create the trigger definitions. */
+  cb.eType = GENFKEY_CREATETRIGGER;
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, invokeCallback, (void *)&cb, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto genfkey_exit;
+
+genfkey_exit:
+  sqlite3_close(db);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+#endif
+/* End genfkey logic. */
+/*************************************************************************/
+/*************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** If the following flag is set, then command execution stops
@@ -219,6 +1164,8 @@
 ){
   assert( 0==argc );
   assert( zShellStatic );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
   sqlite3_result_text(context, zShellStatic, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
 }
 
@@ -265,6 +1212,7 @@
     while( zLine[n] ){ n++; }
     if( n>0 && zLine[n-1]=='\n' ){
       n--;
+      if( n>0 && zLine[n-1]=='\r' ) n--;
       zLine[n] = 0;
       eol = 1;
     }
@@ -310,7 +1258,7 @@
 ** state and mode information.
 */
 struct callback_data {
-  sqlite3 *db;            /* The database */
+  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database */
   int echoOn;            /* True to echo input commands */
   int cnt;               /* Number of records displayed so far */
   FILE *out;             /* Write results here */
@@ -328,6 +1276,7 @@
                          ** .explain ON */
   char outfile[FILENAME_MAX]; /* Filename for *out */
   const char *zDbFilename;    /* name of the database file */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;   /* Current statement if any. */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -358,7 +1307,28 @@
 /*
 ** Number of elements in an array
 */
-#define ArraySize(X)  (sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
+#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
+
+/*
+** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
+** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
+*/
+static int strlen30(const char *z){
+  const char *z2 = z;
+  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
+  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
+}
+
+/*
+** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
+*/
+static void output_hex_blob(FILE *out, const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
+  int i;
+  char *zBlob = (char *)pBlob;
+  fprintf(out,"X'");
+  for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){ fprintf(out,"%02x",zBlob[i]); }
+  fprintf(out,"'");
+}
 
 /*
 ** Output the given string as a quoted string using SQL quoting conventions.
@@ -425,7 +1395,13 @@
 static void output_html_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
   int i;
   while( *z ){
-    for(i=0; z[i] && z[i]!='<' && z[i]!='&'; i++){}
+    for(i=0;   z[i] 
+            && z[i]!='<' 
+            && z[i]!='&' 
+            && z[i]!='>' 
+            && z[i]!='\"' 
+            && z[i]!='\'';
+        i++){}
     if( i>0 ){
       fprintf(out,"%.*s",i,z);
     }
@@ -433,6 +1409,12 @@
       fprintf(out,"&lt;");
     }else if( z[i]=='&' ){
       fprintf(out,"&amp;");
+    }else if( z[i]=='>' ){
+      fprintf(out,"&gt;");
+    }else if( z[i]=='\"' ){
+      fprintf(out,"&quot;");
+    }else if( z[i]=='\'' ){
+      fprintf(out,"&#39;");
     }else{
       break;
     }
@@ -475,7 +1457,7 @@
     fprintf(out,"%s",p->nullvalue);
   }else{
     int i;
-    int nSep = strlen(p->separator);
+    int nSep = strlen30(p->separator);
     for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
       if( needCsvQuote[((unsigned char*)z)[i]] 
          || (z[i]==p->separator[0] && 
@@ -505,24 +1487,30 @@
 ** This routine runs when the user presses Ctrl-C
 */
 static void interrupt_handler(int NotUsed){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
   seenInterrupt = 1;
   if( db ) sqlite3_interrupt(db);
 }
 #endif
 
 /*
-** This is the callback routine that the SQLite library
+** This is the callback routine that the shell
 ** invokes for each row of a query result.
 */
-static int callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol){
+static int shell_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol, int *aiType){
   int i;
   struct callback_data *p = (struct callback_data*)pArg;
+
+  if( p->echoOn && p->cnt==0  && p->pStmt){
+    printf("%s\n", sqlite3_sql(p->pStmt));
+  }
+
   switch( p->mode ){
     case MODE_Line: {
       int w = 5;
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        int len = strlen(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+        int len = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
         if( len>w ) w = len;
       }
       if( p->cnt++>0 ) fprintf(p->out,"\n");
@@ -543,9 +1531,9 @@
             w = 0;
           }
           if( w<=0 ){
-            w = strlen(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+            w = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
             if( w<10 ) w = 10;
-            n = strlen(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
+            n = strlen30(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
             if( w<n ) w = n;
           }
           if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
@@ -577,8 +1565,9 @@
         }else{
            w = 10;
         }
-        if( p->mode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlen(azArg[i])>w ){
-          w = strlen(azArg[i]);
+        if( p->mode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && 
+           strlen30(azArg[i])>w ){
+          w = strlen30(azArg[i]);
         }
         fprintf(p->out,"%-*.*s%s",w,w,
             azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue, i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");
@@ -611,7 +1600,9 @@
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         fprintf(p->out,"<TR>");
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          fprintf(p->out,"<TH>%s</TH>",azCol[i]);
+          fprintf(p->out,"<TH>");
+          output_html_string(p->out, azCol[i]);
+          fprintf(p->out,"</TH>\n");
         }
         fprintf(p->out,"</TR>\n");
       }
@@ -656,12 +1647,23 @@
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Insert: {
+      p->cnt++;
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       fprintf(p->out,"INSERT INTO %s VALUES(",p->zDestTable);
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
         char *zSep = i>0 ? ",": "";
-        if( azArg[i]==0 ){
+        if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
           fprintf(p->out,"%sNULL",zSep);
+        }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
+          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+        }else if( aiType && (aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER || aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT) ){
+          fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",zSep, azArg[i]);
+        }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_BLOB && p->pStmt ){
+          const void *pBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(p->pStmt, i);
+          int nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(p->pStmt, i);
+          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
+          output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
           fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",zSep, azArg[i]);
         }else{
@@ -677,6 +1679,15 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** This is the callback routine that the SQLite library
+** invokes for each row of a query result.
+*/
+static int callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol){
+  /* since we don't have type info, call the shell_callback with a NULL value */
+  return shell_callback(pArg, nArg, azArg, azCol, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Set the destination table field of the callback_data structure to
 ** the name of the table given.  Escape any quote characters in the
 ** table name.
@@ -701,7 +1712,7 @@
   if( needQuote ) n += 2;
   z = p->zDestTable = malloc( n+1 );
   if( z==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"Out of memory!\n");
+    fprintf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
     exit(1);
   }
   n = 0;
@@ -725,8 +1736,8 @@
 static char *appendText(char *zIn, char const *zAppend, char quote){
   int len;
   int i;
-  int nAppend = strlen(zAppend);
-  int nIn = (zIn?strlen(zIn):0);
+  int nAppend = strlen30(zAppend);
+  int nIn = (zIn?strlen30(zIn):0);
 
   len = nAppend+nIn+1;
   if( quote ){
@@ -767,7 +1778,12 @@
 ** This is used, for example, to show the schema of the database by
 ** querying the SQLITE_MASTER table.
 */
-static int run_table_dump_query(FILE *out, sqlite3 *db, const char *zSelect){
+static int run_table_dump_query(
+  FILE *out,              /* Send output here */
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database to query */
+  const char *zSelect,    /* SELECT statement to extract content */
+  const char *zFirstRow   /* Print before first row, if not NULL */
+){
   sqlite3_stmt *pSelect;
   int rc;
   rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, zSelect, -1, &pSelect, 0);
@@ -776,12 +1792,146 @@
   }
   rc = sqlite3_step(pSelect);
   while( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    if( zFirstRow ){
+      fprintf(out, "%s", zFirstRow);
+      zFirstRow = 0;
+    }
     fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, 0));
     rc = sqlite3_step(pSelect);
   }
   return sqlite3_finalize(pSelect);
 }
 
+/*
+** Allocate space and save off current error string.
+*/
+static char *save_err_msg(
+  sqlite3 *db            /* Database to query */
+){
+  int nErrMsg = 1+strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+  char *zErrMsg = sqlite3_malloc(nErrMsg);
+  if( zErrMsg ){
+    memcpy(zErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
+  }
+  return zErrMsg;
+}
+
+/*
+** Execute a statement or set of statements.  Print 
+** any result rows/columns depending on the current mode 
+** set via the supplied callback.
+**
+** This is very similar to SQLite's built-in sqlite3_exec() 
+** function except it takes a slightly different callback 
+** and callback data argument.
+*/
+static int shell_exec(
+  sqlite3 *db,                                /* An open database */
+  const char *zSql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
+  int (*xCallback)(void*,int,char**,char**,int*),   /* Callback function */
+                                              /* (not the same as sqlite3_exec) */
+  struct callback_data *pArg,                 /* Pointer to struct callback_data */
+  char **pzErrMsg                             /* Error msg written here */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL;     /* Statement to execute. */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
+  const char *zLeftover;          /* Tail of unprocessed SQL */
+
+  if( pzErrMsg ){
+    *pzErrMsg = NULL;
+  }
+
+  while( zSql[0] && (SQLITE_OK == rc) ){
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
+    if( SQLITE_OK != rc ){
+      if( pzErrMsg ){
+        *pzErrMsg = save_err_msg(db);
+      }
+    }else{
+      if( !pStmt ){
+        /* this happens for a comment or white-space */
+        zSql = zLeftover;
+        while( isspace(zSql[0]) ) zSql++;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      /* perform the first step.  this will tell us if we
+      ** have a result set or not and how wide it is.
+      */
+      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+      /* if we have a result set... */
+      if( SQLITE_ROW == rc ){
+        /* if we have a callback... */
+        if( xCallback ){
+          /* allocate space for col name ptr, value ptr, and type */
+          int nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
+          void *pData = sqlite3_malloc(3*nCol*sizeof(const char*) + 1);
+          if( !pData ){
+            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          }else{
+            char **azCols = (char **)pData;      /* Names of result columns */
+            char **azVals = &azCols[nCol];       /* Results */
+            int *aiTypes = (int *)&azVals[nCol]; /* Result types */
+            int i;
+            assert(sizeof(int) <= sizeof(char *)); 
+            /* save off ptrs to column names */
+            for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+              azCols[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_name(pStmt, i);
+            }
+            /* save off the prepared statment handle and reset row count */
+            if( pArg ){
+              pArg->pStmt = pStmt;
+              pArg->cnt = 0;
+            }
+            do{
+              /* extract the data and data types */
+              for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+                azVals[i] = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
+                aiTypes[i] = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i);
+                if( !azVals[i] && (aiTypes[i]!=SQLITE_NULL) ){
+                  rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+                  break; /* from for */
+                }
+              } /* end for */
+
+              /* if data and types extracted successfully... */
+              if( SQLITE_ROW == rc ){ 
+                /* call the supplied callback with the result row data */
+                if( xCallback(pArg, nCol, azVals, azCols, aiTypes) ){
+                  rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
+                }else{
+                  rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+                }
+              }
+            } while( SQLITE_ROW == rc );
+            sqlite3_free(pData);
+            if( pArg ){
+              pArg->pStmt = NULL;
+            }
+          }
+        }else{
+          do{
+            rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+          } while( rc == SQLITE_ROW );
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* Finalize the statement just executed. If this fails, save a 
+      ** copy of the error message. Otherwise, set zSql to point to the
+      ** next statement to execute. */
+      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        zSql = zLeftover;
+        while( isspace(zSql[0]) ) zSql++;
+      }else if( pzErrMsg ){
+        *pzErrMsg = save_err_msg(db);
+      }
+    }
+  } /* end while */
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** This is a different callback routine used for dumping the database.
@@ -794,15 +1944,17 @@
   const char *zTable;
   const char *zType;
   const char *zSql;
+  const char *zPrepStmt = 0;
   struct callback_data *p = (struct callback_data *)pArg;
 
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(azCol);
   if( nArg!=3 ) return 1;
   zTable = azArg[0];
   zType = azArg[1];
   zSql = azArg[2];
   
   if( strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ){
-    fprintf(p->out, "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n");
+    zPrepStmt = "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n";
   }else if( strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_stat1")==0 ){
     fprintf(p->out, "ANALYZE sqlite_master;\n");
   }else if( strncmp(zTable, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
@@ -829,13 +1981,14 @@
     char *zSelect = 0;
     char *zTableInfo = 0;
     char *zTmp = 0;
+    int nRow = 0;
    
     zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, "PRAGMA table_info(", 0);
     zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, zTable, '"');
     zTableInfo = appendText(zTableInfo, ");", 0);
 
     rc = sqlite3_prepare(p->db, zTableInfo, -1, &pTableInfo, 0);
-    if( zTableInfo ) free(zTableInfo);
+    free(zTableInfo);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pTableInfo ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -857,19 +2010,20 @@
       }else{
         zSelect = appendText(zSelect, ") ", 0);
       }
+      nRow++;
     }
     rc = sqlite3_finalize(pTableInfo);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( zSelect ) free(zSelect);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nRow==0 ){
+      free(zSelect);
       return 1;
     }
     zSelect = appendText(zSelect, "|| ')' FROM  ", 0);
     zSelect = appendText(zSelect, zTable, '"');
 
-    rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect);
+    rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect, zPrepStmt);
     if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
       zSelect = appendText(zSelect, " ORDER BY rowid DESC", 0);
-      rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect);
+      rc = run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db, zSelect, 0);
     }
     if( zSelect ) free(zSelect);
   }
@@ -892,7 +2046,7 @@
   rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zQuery, dump_callback, p, pzErrMsg);
   if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
     char *zQ2;
-    int len = strlen(zQuery);
+    int len = strlen30(zQuery);
     if( pzErrMsg ) sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
     zQ2 = malloc( len+100 );
     if( zQ2==0 ) return rc;
@@ -903,20 +2057,90 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
+struct GenfkeyCmd {
+  sqlite3 *db;                   /* Database handle */
+  struct callback_data *pCb;     /* Callback data */
+  int isIgnoreErrors;            /* True for --ignore-errors */
+  int isExec;                    /* True for --exec */
+  int isNoDrop;                  /* True for --no-drop */
+  int nErr;                      /* Number of errors seen so far */
+};
+typedef struct GenfkeyCmd GenfkeyCmd;
+
+static int genfkeyParseArgs(GenfkeyCmd *p, char **azArg, int nArg){
+  int ii;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(GenfkeyCmd));
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<nArg; ii++){
+    int n = strlen30(azArg[ii]);
+
+    if( n>2 && n<10 && 0==strncmp(azArg[ii], "--no-drop", n) ){
+      p->isNoDrop = 1;
+    }else if( n>2 && n<16 && 0==strncmp(azArg[ii], "--ignore-errors", n) ){
+      p->isIgnoreErrors = 1;
+    }else if( n>2 && n<7 && 0==strncmp(azArg[ii], "--exec", n) ){
+      p->isExec = 1;
+    }else{
+      fprintf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", azArg[ii]);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int genfkeyCmdCb(void *pCtx, int eType, const char *z){
+  GenfkeyCmd *p = (GenfkeyCmd *)pCtx;
+  if( eType==GENFKEY_ERROR && !p->isIgnoreErrors ){
+    p->nErr++;
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", z);
+  } 
+
+  if( p->nErr==0 && (
+        (eType==GENFKEY_CREATETRIGGER)
+     || (eType==GENFKEY_DROPTRIGGER && !p->isNoDrop)
+  )){
+    if( p->isExec ){
+      sqlite3_exec(p->db, z, 0, 0, 0);
+    }else{
+      char *zCol = "sql";
+      callback((void *)p->pCb, 1, (char **)&z, (char **)&zCol);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Text of a help message
 */
 static char zHelp[] =
+  ".backup ?DB? FILE      Backup DB (default \"main\") to FILE\n"
   ".bail ON|OFF           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF\n"
   ".databases             List names and files of attached databases\n"
   ".dump ?TABLE? ...      Dump the database in an SQL text format\n"
+  "                         If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching\n"
+  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
   ".echo ON|OFF           Turn command echo on or off\n"
   ".exit                  Exit this program\n"
-  ".explain ON|OFF        Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.\n"
+  ".explain ?ON|OFF?      Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.\n"
+  "                         With no args, it turns EXPLAIN on.\n"
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
+  ".genfkey ?OPTIONS?     Options are:\n"
+  "                         --no-drop: Do not drop old fkey triggers.\n"
+  "                         --ignore-errors: Ignore tables with fkey errors\n"
+  "                         --exec: Execute generated SQL immediately\n"
+  "                       See file tool/genfkey.README in the source \n"
+  "                       distribution for further information.\n"
+#endif
   ".header(s) ON|OFF      Turn display of headers on or off\n"
   ".help                  Show this message\n"
   ".import FILE TABLE     Import data from FILE into TABLE\n"
-  ".indices TABLE         Show names of all indices on TABLE\n"
+  ".indices ?TABLE?       Show names of all indices\n"
+  "                         If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables\n"
+  "                         matching LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
   ".iotrace FILE          Enable I/O diagnostic logging to FILE\n"
 #endif
@@ -938,15 +2162,21 @@
   ".prompt MAIN CONTINUE  Replace the standard prompts\n"
   ".quit                  Exit this program\n"
   ".read FILENAME         Execute SQL in FILENAME\n"
+  ".restore ?DB? FILE     Restore content of DB (default \"main\") from FILE\n"
   ".schema ?TABLE?        Show the CREATE statements\n"
+  "                         If TABLE specified, only show tables matching\n"
+  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
   ".separator STRING      Change separator used by output mode and .import\n"
   ".show                  Show the current values for various settings\n"
-  ".tables ?PATTERN?      List names of tables matching a LIKE pattern\n"
+  ".tables ?TABLE?        List names of tables\n"
+  "                         If TABLE specified, only list tables matching\n"
+  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
   ".timeout MS            Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds\n"
-#if HAS_TIMER
+  ".width NUM1 NUM2 ...   Set column widths for \"column\" mode\n"
+;
+
+static char zTimerHelp[] =
   ".timer ON|OFF          Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off\n"
-#endif
-  ".width NUM NUM ...     Set column widths for \"column\" mode\n"
 ;
 
 /* Forward reference */
@@ -964,12 +2194,8 @@
       sqlite3_create_function(db, "shellstatic", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
           shellstaticFunc, 0, 0);
     }
-#ifndef NO_ANDROID_FUNCS
-    register_android_functions(db, 0);
-    register_localized_collators(db, "", 0);
-#endif    
     if( db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(db) ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"Unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n", 
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n", 
           p->zDbFilename, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
       exit(1);
     }
@@ -989,7 +2215,8 @@
 **    \\    -> backslash
 */
 static void resolve_backslashes(char *z){
-  int i, j, c;
+  int i, j;
+  char c;
   for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++, j++){
     if( c=='\\' ){
       c = z[++i];
@@ -1023,7 +2250,7 @@
   int val = atoi(zArg);
   int j;
   for(j=0; zArg[j]; j++){
-    zArg[j] = tolower(zArg[j]);
+    zArg[j] = (char)tolower(zArg[j]);
   }
   if( strcmp(zArg,"on")==0 ){
     val = 1;
@@ -1069,14 +2296,50 @@
 
   /* Process the input line.
   */
-  if( nArg==0 ) return rc;
-  n = strlen(azArg[0]);
+  if( nArg==0 ) return 0; /* no tokens, no error */
+  n = strlen30(azArg[0]);
   c = azArg[0][0];
-  if( c=='b' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "bail", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
+  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "backup", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<4){
+    const char *zDestFile;
+    const char *zDb;
+    sqlite3 *pDest;
+    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
+    if( nArg==2 ){
+      zDestFile = azArg[1];
+      zDb = "main";
+    }else{
+      zDestFile = azArg[2];
+      zDb = azArg[1];
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_open(zDestFile, &pDest);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zDestFile);
+      sqlite3_close(pDest);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    open_db(p);
+    pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(pDest, "main", p->db, zDb);
+    if( pBackup==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(pDest));
+      sqlite3_close(pDest);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    while(  (rc = sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup,100))==SQLITE_OK ){}
+    sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+      rc = 0;
+    }else{
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(pDest));
+      rc = 1;
+    }
+    sqlite3_close(pDest);
+  }else
+
+  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "bail", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
     bail_on_error = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
   }else
 
-  if( c=='d' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "databases", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='d' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "databases", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
     struct callback_data data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
     open_db(p);
@@ -1091,22 +2354,32 @@
     if( zErrMsg ){
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+      rc = 1;
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='d' && strncmp(azArg[0], "dump", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='d' && strncmp(azArg[0], "dump", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
     open_db(p);
+    /* When playing back a "dump", the content might appear in an order
+    ** which causes immediate foreign key constraints to be violated.
+    ** So disable foreign-key constraint enforcement to prevent problems. */
+    fprintf(p->out, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n");
     fprintf(p->out, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n");
     p->writableSchema = 0;
+    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON", 0, 0, 0);
     if( nArg==1 ){
       run_schema_dump_query(p, 
         "SELECT name, type, sql FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type=='table'", 0
+        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type=='table' AND name!='sqlite_sequence'", 0
+      );
+      run_schema_dump_query(p, 
+        "SELECT name, type, sql FROM sqlite_master "
+        "WHERE name=='sqlite_sequence'", 0
       );
       run_table_dump_query(p->out, p->db,
         "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index','trigger','view')"
+        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index','trigger','view')", 0
       );
     }else{
       int i;
@@ -1120,7 +2393,7 @@
           "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master "
           "WHERE sql NOT NULL"
           "  AND type IN ('index','trigger','view')"
-          "  AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic()"
+          "  AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic()", 0
         );
         zShellStatic = 0;
       }
@@ -1129,6 +2402,7 @@
       fprintf(p->out, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n");
       p->writableSchema = 0;
     }
+    sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF", 0, 0, 0);
     if( zErrMsg ){
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
@@ -1137,15 +2411,15 @@
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "echo", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
+  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "echo", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
     p->echoOn = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
   }else
 
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "exit", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "exit", n)==0  && nArg==1 ){
     rc = 2;
   }else
 
-  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
     int val = nArg>=2 ? booleanValue(azArg[1]) : 1;
     if(val == 1) {
       if(!p->explainPrev.valid) {
@@ -1180,20 +2454,33 @@
     }
   }else
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
+  if( c=='g' && strncmp(azArg[0], "genfkey", n)==0 ){
+    GenfkeyCmd cmd;
+    if( 0==genfkeyParseArgs(&cmd, &azArg[1], nArg-1) ){
+      cmd.db = p->db;
+      cmd.pCb = p;
+      genfkey_create_triggers(p->db, "main", (void *)&cmd, genfkeyCmdCb);
+    }
+  }else
+#endif
+
   if( c=='h' && (strncmp(azArg[0], "header", n)==0 ||
-                 strncmp(azArg[0], "headers", n)==0 )&& nArg>1 ){
+                 strncmp(azArg[0], "headers", n)==0) && nArg>1 && nArg<3 ){
     p->showHeader = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
   }else
 
   if( c=='h' && strncmp(azArg[0], "help", n)==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,zHelp);
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s",zHelp);
+    if( HAS_TIMER ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"%s",zTimerHelp);
+    }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "import", n)==0 && nArg>=3 ){
+  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "import", n)==0 && nArg==3 ){
     char *zTable = azArg[2];    /* Insert data into this table */
     char *zFile = azArg[1];     /* The file from which to extract data */
-    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;        /* A statement */
-    int rc;                     /* Result code */
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL; /* A statement */
     int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the table */
     int nByte;                  /* Number of bytes in an SQL string */
     int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
@@ -1206,29 +2493,35 @@
     int lineno = 0;             /* Line number of input file */
 
     open_db(p);
-    nSep = strlen(p->separator);
+    nSep = strlen30(p->separator);
     if( nSep==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "non-null separator required for import\n");
-      return 0;
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: non-null separator required for import\n");
+      return 1;
     }
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT * FROM '%q'", zTable);
-    if( zSql==0 ) return 0;
-    nByte = strlen(zSql);
+    if( zSql==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+    nByte = strlen30(zSql);
     rc = sqlite3_prepare(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
     if( rc ){
+      if (pStmt) sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      nCol = 0;
-      rc = 1;
-    }else{
-      nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
+      return 1;
     }
+    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    if( nCol==0 ) return 0;
+    pStmt = 0;
+    if( nCol==0 ) return 0; /* no columns, no error */
     zSql = malloc( nByte + 20 + nCol*2 );
-    if( zSql==0 ) return 0;
+    if( zSql==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
     sqlite3_snprintf(nByte+20, zSql, "INSERT INTO '%q' VALUES(?", zTable);
-    j = strlen(zSql);
+    j = strlen30(zSql);
     for(i=1; i<nCol; i++){
       zSql[j++] = ',';
       zSql[j++] = '?';
@@ -1239,19 +2532,21 @@
     free(zSql);
     if( rc ){
       fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      if (pStmt) sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
       return 1;
     }
     in = fopen(zFile, "rb");
     if( in==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "cannot open file: %s\n", zFile);
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      return 0;
+      return 1;
     }
     azCol = malloc( sizeof(azCol[0])*(nCol+1) );
     if( azCol==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
       fclose(in);
-      return 0;
+      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      return 1;
     }
     sqlite3_exec(p->db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
     zCommit = "COMMIT";
@@ -1269,13 +2564,16 @@
             z += nSep-1;
           }
         }
-      }
+      } /* end for */
       *z = 0;
       if( i+1!=nCol ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"%s line %d: expected %d columns of data but found %d\n",
-           zFile, lineno, nCol, i+1);
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "Error: %s line %d: expected %d columns of data but found %d\n",
+                zFile, lineno, nCol, i+1);
         zCommit = "ROLLBACK";
-        break;
+        free(zLine);
+        rc = 1;
+        break; /* from while */
       }
       for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
         sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, i+1, azCol[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
@@ -1287,36 +2585,52 @@
         fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
         zCommit = "ROLLBACK";
         rc = 1;
-        break;
+        break; /* from while */
       }
-    }
+    } /* end while */
     free(azCol);
     fclose(in);
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     sqlite3_exec(p->db, zCommit, 0, 0, 0);
   }else
 
-  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "indices", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
+  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "indices", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
     struct callback_data data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
     open_db(p);
     memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
     data.showHeader = 0;
     data.mode = MODE_List;
-    zShellStatic = azArg[1];
-    sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-      "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-      "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
-      "UNION ALL "
-      "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-      "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
-      "ORDER BY 1",
-      callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-    );
-    zShellStatic = 0;
+    if( nArg==1 ){
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
+        "WHERE type='index' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
+        "UNION ALL "
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
+        "WHERE type='index' "
+        "ORDER BY 1",
+        callback, &data, &zErrMsg
+      );
+    }else{
+      zShellStatic = azArg[1];
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
+        "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
+        "UNION ALL "
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
+        "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() "
+        "ORDER BY 1",
+        callback, &data, &zErrMsg
+      );
+      zShellStatic = 0;
+    }
     if( zErrMsg ){
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+      rc = 1;
+    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying sqlite_master and sqlite_temp_master\n");
+      rc = 1;
     }
   }else
 
@@ -1333,8 +2647,9 @@
     }else{
       iotrace = fopen(azArg[1], "w");
       if( iotrace==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr, "cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
         sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
+        rc = 1;
       }else{
         sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
       }
@@ -1346,51 +2661,59 @@
   if( c=='l' && strncmp(azArg[0], "load", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
     const char *zFile, *zProc;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
-    int rc;
     zFile = azArg[1];
     zProc = nArg>=3 ? azArg[2] : 0;
     open_db(p);
     rc = sqlite3_load_extension(p->db, zFile, zProc, &zErrMsg);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", zErrMsg);
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
       rc = 1;
     }
   }else
 #endif
 
-  if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
-    int n2 = strlen(azArg[1]);
-    if( strncmp(azArg[1],"line",n2)==0
+  if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
+    int n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
+    if( (n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"line",n2)==0)
         ||
-        strncmp(azArg[1],"lines",n2)==0 ){
+        (n2==5 && strncmp(azArg[1],"lines",n2)==0) ){
       p->mode = MODE_Line;
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"column",n2)==0
+    }else if( (n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"column",n2)==0)
               ||
-              strncmp(azArg[1],"columns",n2)==0 ){
+              (n2==7 && strncmp(azArg[1],"columns",n2)==0) ){
       p->mode = MODE_Column;
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"list",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"list",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_List;
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"html",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"html",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Html;
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"tcl",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"tcl",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Tcl;
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"csv",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"csv",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Csv;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, ",");
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"tabs",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==4 && strncmp(azArg[1],"tabs",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_List;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, "\t");
-    }else if( strncmp(azArg[1],"insert",n2)==0 ){
+    }else if( n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"insert",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Insert;
-      if( nArg>=3 ){
-        set_table_name(p, azArg[2]);
-      }else{
-        set_table_name(p, "table");
-      }
+      set_table_name(p, "table");
     }else {
-      fprintf(stderr,"mode should be one of: "
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: mode should be one of: "
          "column csv html insert line list tabs tcl\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }
+  }else
+
+  if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 && nArg==3 ){
+    int n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
+    if( n2==6 && strncmp(azArg[1],"insert",n2)==0 ){
+      p->mode = MODE_Insert;
+      set_table_name(p, azArg[2]);
+    }else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: invalid arguments: "
+        " \"%s\". Enter \".help\" for help\n", azArg[2]);
+      rc = 1;
     }
   }else
 
@@ -1409,8 +2732,9 @@
     }else{
       p->out = fopen(azArg[1], "wb");
       if( p->out==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"can't write to \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
         p->out = stdout;
+        rc = 1;
       } else {
          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", azArg[1]);
       }
@@ -1426,21 +2750,69 @@
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='q' && strncmp(azArg[0], "quit", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='q' && strncmp(azArg[0], "quit", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
     rc = 2;
   }else
 
-  if( c=='r' && strncmp(azArg[0], "read", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
+  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "read", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
     FILE *alt = fopen(azArg[1], "rb");
     if( alt==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"can't open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+      rc = 1;
     }else{
-      process_input(p, alt);
+      rc = process_input(p, alt);
       fclose(alt);
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "restore", n)==0 && nArg>1 && nArg<4){
+    const char *zSrcFile;
+    const char *zDb;
+    sqlite3 *pSrc;
+    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
+    int nTimeout = 0;
+
+    if( nArg==2 ){
+      zSrcFile = azArg[1];
+      zDb = "main";
+    }else{
+      zSrcFile = azArg[2];
+      zDb = azArg[1];
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_open(zSrcFile, &pSrc);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zSrcFile);
+      sqlite3_close(pSrc);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    open_db(p);
+    pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(p->db, zDb, pSrc, "main");
+    if( pBackup==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      sqlite3_close(pSrc);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    while( (rc = sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup,100))==SQLITE_OK
+          || rc==SQLITE_BUSY  ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
+        if( nTimeout++ >= 3 ) break;
+        sqlite3_sleep(100);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+      rc = 0;
+    }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: source database is busy\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }else{
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      rc = 1;
+    }
+    sqlite3_close(pSrc);
+  }else
+
+  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
     struct callback_data data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
     open_db(p);
@@ -1449,7 +2821,7 @@
     data.mode = MODE_Semi;
     if( nArg>1 ){
       int i;
-      for(i=0; azArg[1][i]; i++) azArg[1][i] = tolower(azArg[1][i]);
+      for(i=0; azArg[1][i]; i++) azArg[1][i] = (char)tolower(azArg[1][i]);
       if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_master")==0 ){
         char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
         new_argv[0] = "CREATE TABLE sqlite_master (\n"
@@ -1463,6 +2835,7 @@
         new_colv[0] = "sql";
         new_colv[1] = 0;
         callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_temp_master")==0 ){
         char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
         new_argv[0] = "CREATE TEMP TABLE sqlite_temp_master (\n"
@@ -1476,22 +2849,25 @@
         new_colv[0] = "sql";
         new_colv[1] = 0;
         callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }else{
         zShellStatic = azArg[1];
-        sqlite3_exec(p->db,
+        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
           "SELECT sql FROM "
-          "  (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-          "   SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
+          "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name"
+          "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
+          "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
           "WHERE tbl_name LIKE shellstatic() AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL "
           "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name",
           callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
         zShellStatic = 0;
       }
     }else{
-      sqlite3_exec(p->db,
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
          "SELECT sql FROM "
-         "  (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-         "   SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
+         "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name"
+         "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
+         "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
          "WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
          "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name",
          callback, &data, &zErrMsg
@@ -1500,6 +2876,12 @@
     if( zErrMsg ){
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+      rc = 1;
+    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying schema information\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }else{
+      rc = 0;
     }
   }else
 
@@ -1508,7 +2890,7 @@
                      "%.*s", (int)sizeof(p->separator)-1, azArg[1]);
   }else
 
-  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0){
+  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0 && nArg==1 ){
     int i;
     fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","echo", p->echoOn ? "on" : "off");
     fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","explain", p->explainPrev.valid ? "on" :"off");
@@ -1518,7 +2900,7 @@
       output_c_string(p->out, p->nullvalue);
       fprintf(p->out, "\n");
     fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: %s\n","output",
-                                 strlen(p->outfile) ? p->outfile : "stdout");
+            strlen30(p->outfile) ? p->outfile : "stdout");
     fprintf(p->out,"%9.9s: ", "separator");
       output_c_string(p->out, p->separator);
       fprintf(p->out, "\n");
@@ -1529,15 +2911,15 @@
     fprintf(p->out,"\n");
   }else
 
-  if( c=='t' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "tables", n)==0 ){
+  if( c=='t' && n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "tables", n)==0 && nArg<3 ){
     char **azResult;
-    int nRow, rc;
+    int nRow;
     char *zErrMsg;
     open_db(p);
     if( nArg==1 ){
       rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db,
         "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
+        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
         "UNION ALL "
         "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
         "WHERE type IN ('table','view') "
@@ -1548,10 +2930,10 @@
       zShellStatic = azArg[1];
       rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db,
         "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE '%'||shellstatic()||'%' "
+        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE shellstatic() "
         "UNION ALL "
         "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE '%'||shellstatic()||'%' "
+        "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name LIKE shellstatic() "
         "ORDER BY 1",
         &azResult, &nRow, 0, &zErrMsg
       );
@@ -1560,14 +2942,17 @@
     if( zErrMsg ){
       fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = 1;
+    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying sqlite_master and sqlite_temp_master\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }else{
       int len, maxlen = 0;
       int i, j;
       int nPrintCol, nPrintRow;
       for(i=1; i<=nRow; i++){
         if( azResult[i]==0 ) continue;
-        len = strlen(azResult[i]);
+        len = strlen30(azResult[i]);
         if( len>maxlen ) maxlen = len;
       }
       nPrintCol = 80/(maxlen+2);
@@ -1580,24 +2965,20 @@
         }
         printf("\n");
       }
-    }else{
-      rc = 1;
     }
     sqlite3_free_table(azResult);
   }else
 
-  if( c=='t' && n>4 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timeout", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
+  if( c=='t' && n>4 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timeout", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
     open_db(p);
     sqlite3_busy_timeout(p->db, atoi(azArg[1]));
   }else
-  
-#if HAS_TIMER  
-  if( c=='t' && n>=5 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timer", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
+    
+  if( HAS_TIMER && c=='t' && n>=5 && strncmp(azArg[0], "timer", n)==0 && nArg==2 ){
     enableTimer = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
   }else
-#endif
-
-  if( c=='w' && strncmp(azArg[0], "width", n)==0 ){
+  
+  if( c=='w' && strncmp(azArg[0], "width", n)==0 && nArg>1 ){
     int j;
     assert( nArg<=ArraySize(azArg) );
     for(j=1; j<nArg && j<ArraySize(p->colWidth); j++){
@@ -1605,10 +2986,10 @@
     }
   }else
 
-
   {
-    fprintf(stderr, "unknown command or invalid arguments: "
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: unknown command or invalid arguments: "
       " \"%s\". Enter \".help\" for help\n", azArg[0]);
+    rc = 1;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -1655,7 +3036,9 @@
 */
 static int _is_command_terminator(const char *zLine){
   while( isspace(*(unsigned char*)zLine) ){ zLine++; };
-  if( zLine[0]=='/' && _all_whitespace(&zLine[1]) ) return 1;  /* Oracle */
+  if( zLine[0]=='/' && _all_whitespace(&zLine[1]) ){
+    return 1;  /* Oracle */
+  }
   if( tolower(zLine[0])=='g' && tolower(zLine[1])=='o'
          && _all_whitespace(&zLine[2]) ){
     return 1;  /* SQL Server */
@@ -1664,6 +3047,20 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return true if zSql is a complete SQL statement.  Return false if it
+** ends in the middle of a string literal or C-style comment.
+*/
+static int _is_complete(char *zSql, int nSql){
+  int rc;
+  if( zSql==0 ) return 1;
+  zSql[nSql] = ';';
+  zSql[nSql+1] = 0;
+  rc = sqlite3_complete(zSql);
+  zSql[nSql] = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Read input from *in and process it.  If *in==0 then input
 ** is interactive - the user is typing it it.  Otherwise, input
 ** is coming from a file or device.  A prompt is issued and history
@@ -1695,18 +3092,18 @@
       seenInterrupt = 0;
     }
     lineno++;
-    if( p->echoOn ) printf("%s\n", zLine);
     if( (zSql==0 || zSql[0]==0) && _all_whitespace(zLine) ) continue;
     if( zLine && zLine[0]=='.' && nSql==0 ){
+      if( p->echoOn ) printf("%s\n", zLine);
       rc = do_meta_command(zLine, p);
-      if( rc==2 ){
+      if( rc==2 ){ /* exit requested */
         break;
       }else if( rc ){
         errCnt++;
       }
       continue;
     }
-    if( _is_command_terminator(zLine) ){
+    if( _is_command_terminator(zLine) && _is_complete(zSql, nSql) ){
       memcpy(zLine,";",2);
     }
     nSqlPrior = nSql;
@@ -1714,20 +3111,20 @@
       int i;
       for(i=0; zLine[i] && isspace((unsigned char)zLine[i]); i++){}
       if( zLine[i]!=0 ){
-        nSql = strlen(zLine);
-        zSql = malloc( nSql+1 );
+        nSql = strlen30(zLine);
+        zSql = malloc( nSql+3 );
         if( zSql==0 ){
-          fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+          fprintf(stderr, "Error: out of memory\n");
           exit(1);
         }
         memcpy(zSql, zLine, nSql+1);
         startline = lineno;
       }
     }else{
-      int len = strlen(zLine);
-      zSql = realloc( zSql, nSql + len + 2 );
+      int len = strlen30(zLine);
+      zSql = realloc( zSql, nSql + len + 4 );
       if( zSql==0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"%s: out of memory!\n", Argv0);
+        fprintf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
         exit(1);
       }
       zSql[nSql++] = '\n';
@@ -1739,22 +3136,22 @@
       p->cnt = 0;
       open_db(p);
       BEGIN_TIMER;
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, callback, p, &zErrMsg);
+      rc = shell_exec(p->db, zSql, shell_callback, p, &zErrMsg);
       END_TIMER;
       if( rc || zErrMsg ){
         char zPrefix[100];
         if( in!=0 || !stdin_is_interactive ){
           sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, 
-                           "SQL error near line %d:", startline);
+                           "Error: near line %d:", startline);
         }else{
-          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, "SQL error:");
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, "Error:");
         }
         if( zErrMsg!=0 ){
-          printf("%s %s\n", zPrefix, zErrMsg);
+          fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", zPrefix, zErrMsg);
           sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
           zErrMsg = 0;
         }else{
-          printf("%s %s\n", zPrefix, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+          fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", zPrefix, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
         }
         errCnt++;
       }
@@ -1764,7 +3161,7 @@
     }
   }
   if( zSql ){
-    if( !_all_whitespace(zSql) ) printf("Incomplete SQL: %s\n", zSql);
+    if( !_all_whitespace(zSql) ) fprintf(stderr, "Error: incomplete SQL: %s\n", zSql);
     free(zSql);
   }
   free(zLine);
@@ -1780,7 +3177,7 @@
 static char *find_home_dir(void){
   char *home_dir = NULL;
 
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE) && !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
   struct passwd *pwent;
   uid_t uid = getuid();
   if( (pwent=getpwuid(uid)) != NULL) {
@@ -1811,7 +3208,7 @@
     zDrive = getenv("HOMEDRIVE");
     zPath = getenv("HOMEPATH");
     if( zDrive && zPath ){
-      n = strlen(zDrive) + strlen(zPath) + 1;
+      n = strlen30(zDrive) + strlen30(zPath) + 1;
       home_dir = malloc( n );
       if( home_dir==0 ) return 0;
       sqlite3_snprintf(n, home_dir, "%s%s", zDrive, zPath);
@@ -1824,7 +3221,7 @@
 #endif /* !_WIN32_WCE */
 
   if( home_dir ){
-    int n = strlen(home_dir) + 1;
+    int n = strlen30(home_dir) + 1;
     char *z = malloc( n );
     if( z ) memcpy(z, home_dir, n);
     home_dir = z;
@@ -1836,8 +3233,10 @@
 /*
 ** Read input from the file given by sqliterc_override.  Or if that
 ** parameter is NULL, take input from ~/.sqliterc
+**
+** Returns the number of errors.
 */
-static void process_sqliterc(
+static int process_sqliterc(
   struct callback_data *p,        /* Configuration data */
   const char *sqliterc_override   /* Name of config file. NULL to use default */
 ){
@@ -1846,18 +3245,21 @@
   char *zBuf = 0;
   FILE *in = NULL;
   int nBuf;
+  int rc = 0;
 
   if (sqliterc == NULL) {
     home_dir = find_home_dir();
     if( home_dir==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot locate your home directory!\n", Argv0);
-      return;
+#if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
+      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: cannot locate your home directory\n", Argv0);
+#endif
+      return 1;
     }
-    nBuf = strlen(home_dir) + 16;
+    nBuf = strlen30(home_dir) + 16;
     zBuf = malloc( nBuf );
     if( zBuf==0 ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: out of memory!\n", Argv0);
-      exit(1);
+      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: out of memory\n",Argv0);
+      return 1;
     }
     sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBuf,"%s/.sqliterc",home_dir);
     free(home_dir);
@@ -1866,19 +3268,20 @@
   in = fopen(sqliterc,"rb");
   if( in ){
     if( stdin_is_interactive ){
-      printf("-- Loading resources from %s\n",sqliterc);
+      fprintf(stderr,"-- Loading resources from %s\n",sqliterc);
     }
-    process_input(p,in);
+    rc = process_input(p,in);
     fclose(in);
   }
   free(zBuf);
-  return;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Show available command line options
 */
 static const char zOptions[] = 
+  "   -help                show this message\n"
   "   -init filename       read/process named file\n"
   "   -echo                print commands before execution\n"
   "   -[no]header          turn headers on or off\n"
@@ -1952,10 +3355,16 @@
     }else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-init")==0 ){
       i++;
       zInitFile = argv[i];
+    /* Need to check for batch mode here to so we can avoid printing
+    ** informational messages (like from process_sqliterc) before 
+    ** we do the actual processing of arguments later in a second pass.
+    */
+    }else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-batch")==0 ){
+      stdin_is_interactive = 0;
     }
   }
   if( i<argc ){
-#ifdef OS_OS2
+#if defined(SQLITE_OS_OS2) && SQLITE_OS_OS2
     data.zDbFilename = (const char *)convertCpPathToUtf8( argv[i++] );
 #else
     data.zDbFilename = argv[i++];
@@ -1970,12 +3379,17 @@
   if( i<argc ){
     zFirstCmd = argv[i++];
   }
+  if( i<argc ){
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: too many options: \"%s\"\n", Argv0, argv[i]);
+    fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
   data.out = stdout;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
   if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
-    fprintf(stderr,"%s: no database filename specified\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(1);
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
+    return 1;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -1992,7 +3406,10 @@
   ** is given on the command line, look for a file named ~/.sqliterc and
   ** try to process it.
   */
-  process_sqliterc(&data,zInitFile);
+  rc = process_sqliterc(&data,zInitFile);
+  if( rc>0 ){
+    return rc;
+  }
 
   /* Make a second pass through the command-line argument and set
   ** options.  This second pass is delayed until after the initialization
@@ -2017,10 +3434,20 @@
       memcpy(data.separator,",",2);
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-separator")==0 ){
       i++;
+      if(i>=argc){
+        fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: missing argument for option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
+        fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
+        return 1;
+      }
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.separator), data.separator,
                        "%.*s",(int)sizeof(data.separator)-1,argv[i]);
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-nullvalue")==0 ){
       i++;
+      if(i>=argc){
+        fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: missing argument for option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
+        fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
+        return 1;
+      }
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.nullvalue), data.nullvalue,
                        "%.*s",(int)sizeof(data.nullvalue)-1,argv[i]);
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-header")==0 ){
@@ -2041,7 +3468,7 @@
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-help")==0 || strcmp(z, "--help")==0 ){
       usage(1);
     }else{
-      fprintf(stderr,"%s: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
+      fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
       fprintf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
       return 1;
     }
@@ -2051,15 +3478,17 @@
     /* Run just the command that follows the database name
     */
     if( zFirstCmd[0]=='.' ){
-      do_meta_command(zFirstCmd, &data);
-      exit(0);
+      rc = do_meta_command(zFirstCmd, &data);
+      return rc;
     }else{
-      int rc;
       open_db(&data);
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(data.db, zFirstCmd, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-      if( rc!=0 && zErrMsg!=0 ){
-        fprintf(stderr,"SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
-        exit(1);
+      rc = shell_exec(data.db, zFirstCmd, shell_callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
+      if( zErrMsg!=0 ){
+        fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
+        return rc!=0 ? rc : 1;
+      }else if( rc!=0 ){
+        fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to process SQL \"%s\"\n", zFirstCmd);
+        return rc;
       }
     }
   }else{
@@ -2071,12 +3500,16 @@
       int nHistory;
       printf(
         "SQLite version %s\n"
-        "Enter \".help\" for instructions\n",
+        "Enter \".help\" for instructions\n"
+        "Enter SQL statements terminated with a \";\"\n",
         sqlite3_libversion()
       );
       zHome = find_home_dir();
-      if( zHome && (zHistory = malloc(nHistory = strlen(zHome)+20))!=0 ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nHistory, zHistory,"%s/.sqlite_history", zHome);
+      if( zHome ){
+        nHistory = strlen30(zHome) + 20;
+        if( (zHistory = malloc(nHistory))!=0 ){
+          sqlite3_snprintf(nHistory, zHistory,"%s/.sqlite_history", zHome);
+        }
       }
 #if defined(HAVE_READLINE) && HAVE_READLINE==1
       if( zHistory ) read_history(zHistory);
@@ -2095,7 +3528,8 @@
   set_table_name(&data, 0);
   if( db ){
     if( sqlite3_close(db)!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      fprintf(stderr,"error closing database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot close database \"%s\"\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      rc++;
     }
   }
   return rc;