src/parser.cc

// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
//       with the distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#include "v8.h"

#include "api.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "bootstrapper.h"
#include "codegen.h"
#include "compiler.h"
#include "func-name-inferrer.h"
#include "messages.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "platform.h"
#include "preparser.h"
#include "runtime.h"
#include "scopeinfo.h"
#include "string-stream.h"

#include "ast-inl.h"
#include "jump-target-inl.h"

namespace v8 {
namespace internal {

// PositionStack is used for on-stack allocation of token positions for
// new expressions. Please look at ParseNewExpression.

class PositionStack  {
 public:
  explicit PositionStack(bool* ok) : top_(NULL), ok_(ok) {}
  ~PositionStack() { ASSERT(!*ok_ || is_empty()); }

  class Element  {
   public:
    Element(PositionStack* stack, int value) {
      previous_ = stack->top();
      value_ = value;
      stack->set_top(this);
    }

   private:
    Element* previous() { return previous_; }
    int value() { return value_; }
    friend class PositionStack;
    Element* previous_;
    int value_;
  };

  bool is_empty() { return top_ == NULL; }
  int pop() {
    ASSERT(!is_empty());
    int result = top_->value();
    top_ = top_->previous();
    return result;
  }

 private:
  Element* top() { return top_; }
  void set_top(Element* value) { top_ = value; }
  Element* top_;
  bool* ok_;
};


RegExpBuilder::RegExpBuilder()
  : pending_empty_(false),
    characters_(NULL),
    terms_(),
    alternatives_()
#ifdef DEBUG
  , last_added_(ADD_NONE)
#endif
  {}


void RegExpBuilder::FlushCharacters() {
  pending_empty_ = false;
  if (characters_ != NULL) {
    RegExpTree* atom = new RegExpAtom(characters_->ToConstVector());
    characters_ = NULL;
    text_.Add(atom);
    LAST(ADD_ATOM);
  }
}


void RegExpBuilder::FlushText() {
  FlushCharacters();
  int num_text = text_.length();
  if (num_text == 0) {
    return;
  } else if (num_text == 1) {
    terms_.Add(text_.last());
  } else {
    RegExpText* text = new RegExpText();
    for (int i = 0; i < num_text; i++)
      text_.Get(i)->AppendToText(text);
    terms_.Add(text);
  }
  text_.Clear();
}


void RegExpBuilder::AddCharacter(uc16 c) {
  pending_empty_ = false;
  if (characters_ == NULL) {
    characters_ = new ZoneList<uc16>(4);
  }
  characters_->Add(c);
  LAST(ADD_CHAR);
}


void RegExpBuilder::AddEmpty() {
  pending_empty_ = true;
}


void RegExpBuilder::AddAtom(RegExpTree* term) {
  if (term->IsEmpty()) {
    AddEmpty();
    return;
  }
  if (term->IsTextElement()) {
    FlushCharacters();
    text_.Add(term);
  } else {
    FlushText();
    terms_.Add(term);
  }
  LAST(ADD_ATOM);
}


void RegExpBuilder::AddAssertion(RegExpTree* assert) {
  FlushText();
  terms_.Add(assert);
  LAST(ADD_ASSERT);
}


void RegExpBuilder::NewAlternative() {
  FlushTerms();
}


void RegExpBuilder::FlushTerms() {
  FlushText();
  int num_terms = terms_.length();
  RegExpTree* alternative;
  if (num_terms == 0) {
    alternative = RegExpEmpty::GetInstance();
  } else if (num_terms == 1) {
    alternative = terms_.last();
  } else {
    alternative = new RegExpAlternative(terms_.GetList());
  }
  alternatives_.Add(alternative);
  terms_.Clear();
  LAST(ADD_NONE);
}


RegExpTree* RegExpBuilder::ToRegExp() {
  FlushTerms();
  int num_alternatives = alternatives_.length();
  if (num_alternatives == 0) {
    return RegExpEmpty::GetInstance();
  }
  if (num_alternatives == 1) {
    return alternatives_.last();
  }
  return new RegExpDisjunction(alternatives_.GetList());
}


void RegExpBuilder::AddQuantifierToAtom(int min,
                                        int max,
                                        RegExpQuantifier::Type type) {
  if (pending_empty_) {
    pending_empty_ = false;
    return;
  }
  RegExpTree* atom;
  if (characters_ != NULL) {
    ASSERT(last_added_ == ADD_CHAR);
    // Last atom was character.
    Vector<const uc16> char_vector = characters_->ToConstVector();
    int num_chars = char_vector.length();
    if (num_chars > 1) {
      Vector<const uc16> prefix = char_vector.SubVector(0, num_chars - 1);
      text_.Add(new RegExpAtom(prefix));
      char_vector = char_vector.SubVector(num_chars - 1, num_chars);
    }
    characters_ = NULL;
    atom = new RegExpAtom(char_vector);
    FlushText();
  } else if (text_.length() > 0) {
    ASSERT(last_added_ == ADD_ATOM);
    atom = text_.RemoveLast();
    FlushText();
  } else if (terms_.length() > 0) {
    ASSERT(last_added_ == ADD_ATOM);
    atom = terms_.RemoveLast();
    if (atom->max_match() == 0) {
      // Guaranteed to only match an empty string.
      LAST(ADD_TERM);
      if (min == 0) {
        return;
      }
      terms_.Add(atom);
      return;
    }
  } else {
    // Only call immediately after adding an atom or character!
    UNREACHABLE();
    return;
  }
  terms_.Add(new RegExpQuantifier(min, max, type, atom));
  LAST(ADD_TERM);
}


Handle<String> Parser::LookupSymbol(int symbol_id) {
  // Length of symbol cache is the number of identified symbols.
  // If we are larger than that, or negative, it's not a cached symbol.
  // This might also happen if there is no preparser symbol data, even
  // if there is some preparser data.
  if (static_cast<unsigned>(symbol_id)
      >= static_cast<unsigned>(symbol_cache_.length())) {
    if (scanner().is_literal_ascii()) {
      return isolate()->factory()->LookupAsciiSymbol(
          scanner().literal_ascii_string());
    } else {
      return isolate()->factory()->LookupTwoByteSymbol(
          scanner().literal_uc16_string());
    }
  }
  return LookupCachedSymbol(symbol_id);
}


Handle<String> Parser::LookupCachedSymbol(int symbol_id) {
  // Make sure the cache is large enough to hold the symbol identifier.
  if (symbol_cache_.length() <= symbol_id) {
    // Increase length to index + 1.
    symbol_cache_.AddBlock(Handle<String>::null(),
                           symbol_id + 1 - symbol_cache_.length());
  }
  Handle<String> result = symbol_cache_.at(symbol_id);
  if (result.is_null()) {
    if (scanner().is_literal_ascii()) {
      result = isolate()->factory()->LookupAsciiSymbol(
          scanner().literal_ascii_string());
    } else {
      result = isolate()->factory()->LookupTwoByteSymbol(
          scanner().literal_uc16_string());
    }
    symbol_cache_.at(symbol_id) = result;
    return result;
  }
  isolate()->counters()->total_preparse_symbols_skipped()->Increment();
  return result;
}


FunctionEntry ScriptDataImpl::GetFunctionEntry(int start) {
  // The current pre-data entry must be a FunctionEntry with the given
  // start position.
  if ((function_index_ + FunctionEntry::kSize <= store_.length())
      && (static_cast<int>(store_[function_index_]) == start)) {
    int index = function_index_;
    function_index_ += FunctionEntry::kSize;
    return FunctionEntry(store_.SubVector(index,
                                          index + FunctionEntry::kSize));
  }
  return FunctionEntry();
}


int ScriptDataImpl::GetSymbolIdentifier() {
  return ReadNumber(&symbol_data_);
}


bool ScriptDataImpl::SanityCheck() {
  // Check that the header data is valid and doesn't specify
  // point to positions outside the store.
  if (store_.length() < PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize) return false;
  if (magic() != PreparseDataConstants::kMagicNumber) return false;
  if (version() != PreparseDataConstants::kCurrentVersion) return false;
  if (has_error()) {
    // Extra sane sanity check for error message encoding.
    if (store_.length() <= PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize
                         + PreparseDataConstants::kMessageTextPos) {
      return false;
    }
    if (Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageStartPos) >
        Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageEndPos)) {
      return false;
    }
    unsigned arg_count = Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageArgCountPos);
    int pos = PreparseDataConstants::kMessageTextPos;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i <= arg_count; i++) {
      if (store_.length() <= PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + pos) {
        return false;
      }
      int length = static_cast<int>(Read(pos));
      if (length < 0) return false;
      pos += 1 + length;
    }
    if (store_.length() < PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + pos) {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
  // Check that the space allocated for function entries is sane.
  int functions_size =
      static_cast<int>(store_[PreparseDataConstants::kFunctionsSizeOffset]);
  if (functions_size < 0) return false;
  if (functions_size % FunctionEntry::kSize != 0) return false;
  // Check that the count of symbols is non-negative.
  int symbol_count =
      static_cast<int>(store_[PreparseDataConstants::kSymbolCountOffset]);
  if (symbol_count < 0) return false;
  // Check that the total size has room for header and function entries.
  int minimum_size =
      PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + functions_size;
  if (store_.length() < minimum_size) return false;
  return true;
}



const char* ScriptDataImpl::ReadString(unsigned* start, int* chars) {
  int length = start[0];
  char* result = NewArray<char>(length + 1);
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    result[i] = start[i + 1];
  }
  result[length] = '\0';
  if (chars != NULL) *chars = length;
  return result;
}

Scanner::Location ScriptDataImpl::MessageLocation() {
  int beg_pos = Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageStartPos);
  int end_pos = Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageEndPos);
  return Scanner::Location(beg_pos, end_pos);
}


const char* ScriptDataImpl::BuildMessage() {
  unsigned* start = ReadAddress(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageTextPos);
  return ReadString(start, NULL);
}


Vector<const char*> ScriptDataImpl::BuildArgs() {
  int arg_count = Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageArgCountPos);
  const char** array = NewArray<const char*>(arg_count);
  // Position after text found by skipping past length field and
  // length field content words.
  int pos = PreparseDataConstants::kMessageTextPos + 1
      + Read(PreparseDataConstants::kMessageTextPos);
  for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++) {
    int count = 0;
    array[i] = ReadString(ReadAddress(pos), &count);
    pos += count + 1;
  }
  return Vector<const char*>(array, arg_count);
}


unsigned ScriptDataImpl::Read(int position) {
  return store_[PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + position];
}


unsigned* ScriptDataImpl::ReadAddress(int position) {
  return &store_[PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + position];
}


Scope* Parser::NewScope(Scope* parent, Scope::Type type, bool inside_with) {
  Scope* result = new Scope(parent, type);
  result->Initialize(inside_with);
  return result;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Target is a support class to facilitate manipulation of the
// Parser's target_stack_ (the stack of potential 'break' and
// 'continue' statement targets). Upon construction, a new target is
// added; it is removed upon destruction.

class Target BASE_EMBEDDED {
 public:
  Target(Target** variable, AstNode* node)
      : variable_(variable), node_(node), previous_(*variable) {
    *variable = this;
  }

  ~Target() {
    *variable_ = previous_;
  }

  Target* previous() { return previous_; }
  AstNode* node() { return node_; }

 private:
  Target** variable_;
  AstNode* node_;
  Target* previous_;
};


class TargetScope BASE_EMBEDDED {
 public:
  explicit TargetScope(Target** variable)
      : variable_(variable), previous_(*variable) {
    *variable = NULL;
  }

  ~TargetScope() {
    *variable_ = previous_;
  }

 private:
  Target** variable_;
  Target* previous_;
};


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LexicalScope is a support class to facilitate manipulation of the
// Parser's scope stack. The constructor sets the parser's top scope
// to the incoming scope, and the destructor resets it.
//
// Additionlaly, it stores transient information used during parsing.
// These scopes are not kept around after parsing or referenced by syntax
// trees so they can be stack-allocated and hence used by the pre-parser.

class LexicalScope BASE_EMBEDDED {
 public:
  LexicalScope(Parser* parser, Scope* scope, Isolate* isolate);
  ~LexicalScope();

  int NextMaterializedLiteralIndex() {
    int next_index =
        materialized_literal_count_ + JSFunction::kLiteralsPrefixSize;
    materialized_literal_count_++;
    return next_index;
  }
  int materialized_literal_count() { return materialized_literal_count_; }

  void SetThisPropertyAssignmentInfo(
      bool only_simple_this_property_assignments,
      Handle<FixedArray> this_property_assignments) {
    only_simple_this_property_assignments_ =
        only_simple_this_property_assignments;
    this_property_assignments_ = this_property_assignments;
  }
  bool only_simple_this_property_assignments() {
    return only_simple_this_property_assignments_;
  }
  Handle<FixedArray> this_property_assignments() {
    return this_property_assignments_;
  }

  void AddProperty() { expected_property_count_++; }
  int expected_property_count() { return expected_property_count_; }

  void AddLoop() { loop_count_++; }
  bool ContainsLoops() const { return loop_count_ > 0; }

 private:
  // Captures the number of literals that need materialization in the
  // function.  Includes regexp literals, and boilerplate for object
  // and array literals.
  int materialized_literal_count_;

  // Properties count estimation.
  int expected_property_count_;

  // Keeps track of assignments to properties of this. Used for
  // optimizing constructors.
  bool only_simple_this_property_assignments_;
  Handle<FixedArray> this_property_assignments_;

  // Captures the number of loops inside the scope.
  int loop_count_;

  // Bookkeeping
  Parser* parser_;
  // Previous values
  LexicalScope* lexical_scope_parent_;
  Scope* previous_scope_;
  int previous_with_nesting_level_;
};


LexicalScope::LexicalScope(Parser* parser, Scope* scope, Isolate* isolate)
  : materialized_literal_count_(0),
    expected_property_count_(0),
    only_simple_this_property_assignments_(false),
    this_property_assignments_(isolate->factory()->empty_fixed_array()),
    loop_count_(0),
    parser_(parser),
    lexical_scope_parent_(parser->lexical_scope_),
    previous_scope_(parser->top_scope_),
    previous_with_nesting_level_(parser->with_nesting_level_) {
  parser->top_scope_ = scope;
  parser->lexical_scope_ = this;
  parser->with_nesting_level_ = 0;
}


LexicalScope::~LexicalScope() {
  parser_->top_scope_->Leave();
  parser_->top_scope_ = previous_scope_;
  parser_->lexical_scope_ = lexical_scope_parent_;
  parser_->with_nesting_level_ = previous_with_nesting_level_;
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The CHECK_OK macro is a convenient macro to enforce error
// handling for functions that may fail (by returning !*ok).
//
// CAUTION: This macro appends extra statements after a call,
// thus it must never be used where only a single statement
// is correct (e.g. an if statement branch w/o braces)!

#define CHECK_OK  ok);   \
  if (!*ok) return NULL; \
  ((void)0
#define DUMMY )  // to make indentation work
#undef DUMMY

#define CHECK_FAILED  /**/);   \
  if (failed_) return NULL; \
  ((void)0
#define DUMMY )  // to make indentation work
#undef DUMMY

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of Parser

Parser::Parser(Handle<Script> script,
               bool allow_natives_syntax,
               v8::Extension* extension,
               ScriptDataImpl* pre_data)
    : isolate_(script->GetIsolate()),
      symbol_cache_(pre_data ? pre_data->symbol_count() : 0),
      script_(script),
      scanner_(isolate_->scanner_constants()),
      top_scope_(NULL),
      with_nesting_level_(0),
      lexical_scope_(NULL),
      target_stack_(NULL),
      allow_natives_syntax_(allow_natives_syntax),
      extension_(extension),
      pre_data_(pre_data),
      fni_(NULL),
      stack_overflow_(false),
      parenthesized_function_(false) {
  AstNode::ResetIds();
}


FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseProgram(Handle<String> source,
                                      bool in_global_context,
                                      StrictModeFlag strict_mode) {
  CompilationZoneScope zone_scope(DONT_DELETE_ON_EXIT);

  HistogramTimerScope timer(isolate()->counters()->parse());
  isolate()->counters()->total_parse_size()->Increment(source->length());
  fni_ = new FuncNameInferrer();

  // Initialize parser state.
  source->TryFlatten();
  if (source->IsExternalTwoByteString()) {
    // Notice that the stream is destroyed at the end of the branch block.
    // The last line of the blocks can't be moved outside, even though they're
    // identical calls.
    ExternalTwoByteStringUC16CharacterStream stream(
        Handle<ExternalTwoByteString>::cast(source), 0, source->length());
    scanner_.Initialize(&stream);
    return DoParseProgram(source, in_global_context, strict_mode, &zone_scope);
  } else {
    GenericStringUC16CharacterStream stream(source, 0, source->length());
    scanner_.Initialize(&stream);
    return DoParseProgram(source, in_global_context, strict_mode, &zone_scope);
  }
}


FunctionLiteral* Parser::DoParseProgram(Handle<String> source,
                                        bool in_global_context,
                                        StrictModeFlag strict_mode,
                                        ZoneScope* zone_scope) {
  ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);
  if (pre_data_ != NULL) pre_data_->Initialize();

  // Compute the parsing mode.
  mode_ = FLAG_lazy ? PARSE_LAZILY : PARSE_EAGERLY;
  if (allow_natives_syntax_ || extension_ != NULL) mode_ = PARSE_EAGERLY;

  Scope::Type type =
    in_global_context
      ? Scope::GLOBAL_SCOPE
      : Scope::EVAL_SCOPE;
  Handle<String> no_name = isolate()->factory()->empty_symbol();

  FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;
  { Scope* scope = NewScope(top_scope_, type, inside_with());
    LexicalScope lexical_scope(this, scope, isolate());
    if (strict_mode == kStrictMode) {
      top_scope_->EnableStrictMode();
    }
    ZoneList<Statement*>* body = new ZoneList<Statement*>(16);
    bool ok = true;
    int beg_loc = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    ParseSourceElements(body, Token::EOS, &ok);
    if (ok && top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      CheckOctalLiteral(beg_loc, scanner().location().end_pos, &ok);
    }
    if (ok) {
      result = new FunctionLiteral(
          no_name,
          top_scope_,
          body,
          lexical_scope.materialized_literal_count(),
          lexical_scope.expected_property_count(),
          lexical_scope.only_simple_this_property_assignments(),
          lexical_scope.this_property_assignments(),
          0,
          0,
          source->length(),
          false,
          lexical_scope.ContainsLoops());
    } else if (stack_overflow_) {
      isolate()->StackOverflow();
    }
  }

  // Make sure the target stack is empty.
  ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);

  // If there was a syntax error we have to get rid of the AST
  // and it is not safe to do so before the scope has been deleted.
  if (result == NULL) zone_scope->DeleteOnExit();
  return result;
}

FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseLazy(CompilationInfo* info) {
  CompilationZoneScope zone_scope(DONT_DELETE_ON_EXIT);
  HistogramTimerScope timer(isolate()->counters()->parse_lazy());
  Handle<String> source(String::cast(script_->source()));
  isolate()->counters()->total_parse_size()->Increment(source->length());

  Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared_info = info->shared_info();
  // Initialize parser state.
  source->TryFlatten();
  if (source->IsExternalTwoByteString()) {
    ExternalTwoByteStringUC16CharacterStream stream(
        Handle<ExternalTwoByteString>::cast(source),
        shared_info->start_position(),
        shared_info->end_position());
    FunctionLiteral* result = ParseLazy(info, &stream, &zone_scope);
    return result;
  } else {
    GenericStringUC16CharacterStream stream(source,
                                            shared_info->start_position(),
                                            shared_info->end_position());
    FunctionLiteral* result = ParseLazy(info, &stream, &zone_scope);
    return result;
  }
}


FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseLazy(CompilationInfo* info,
                                   UC16CharacterStream* source,
                                   ZoneScope* zone_scope) {
  Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared_info = info->shared_info();
  scanner_.Initialize(source);
  ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);

  Handle<String> name(String::cast(shared_info->name()));
  fni_ = new FuncNameInferrer();
  fni_->PushEnclosingName(name);

  mode_ = PARSE_EAGERLY;

  // Place holder for the result.
  FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;

  {
    // Parse the function literal.
    Handle<String> no_name = isolate()->factory()->empty_symbol();
    Scope* scope = NewScope(top_scope_, Scope::GLOBAL_SCOPE, inside_with());
    if (!info->closure().is_null()) {
      scope = Scope::DeserializeScopeChain(info, scope);
    }
    LexicalScope lexical_scope(this, scope, isolate());

    if (shared_info->strict_mode()) {
      top_scope_->EnableStrictMode();
    }

    FunctionLiteralType type =
        shared_info->is_expression() ? EXPRESSION : DECLARATION;
    bool ok = true;
    result = ParseFunctionLiteral(name,
                                  false,    // Strict mode name already checked.
                                  RelocInfo::kNoPosition, type, &ok);
    // Make sure the results agree.
    ASSERT(ok == (result != NULL));
  }

  // Make sure the target stack is empty.
  ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);

  // If there was a stack overflow we have to get rid of AST and it is
  // not safe to do before scope has been deleted.
  if (result == NULL) {
    zone_scope->DeleteOnExit();
    if (stack_overflow_) isolate()->StackOverflow();
  } else {
    Handle<String> inferred_name(shared_info->inferred_name());
    result->set_inferred_name(inferred_name);
  }
  return result;
}


Handle<String> Parser::GetSymbol(bool* ok) {
  int symbol_id = -1;
  if (pre_data() != NULL) {
    symbol_id = pre_data()->GetSymbolIdentifier();
  }
  return LookupSymbol(symbol_id);
}


void Parser::ReportMessage(const char* type, Vector<const char*> args) {
  Scanner::Location source_location = scanner().location();
  ReportMessageAt(source_location, type, args);
}


void Parser::ReportMessageAt(Scanner::Location source_location,
                             const char* type,
                             Vector<const char*> args) {
  MessageLocation location(script_,
                           source_location.beg_pos,
                           source_location.end_pos);
  Factory* factory = isolate()->factory();
  Handle<FixedArray> elements = factory->NewFixedArray(args.length());
  for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
    Handle<String> arg_string = factory->NewStringFromUtf8(CStrVector(args[i]));
    elements->set(i, *arg_string);
  }
  Handle<JSArray> array = factory->NewJSArrayWithElements(elements);
  Handle<Object> result = factory->NewSyntaxError(type, array);
  isolate()->Throw(*result, &location);
}


void Parser::ReportMessageAt(Scanner::Location source_location,
                             const char* type,
                             Vector<Handle<String> > args) {
  MessageLocation location(script_,
                           source_location.beg_pos,
                           source_location.end_pos);
  Factory* factory = isolate()->factory();
  Handle<FixedArray> elements = factory->NewFixedArray(args.length());
  for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
    elements->set(i, *args[i]);
  }
  Handle<JSArray> array = factory->NewJSArrayWithElements(elements);
  Handle<Object> result = factory->NewSyntaxError(type, array);
  isolate()->Throw(*result, &location);
}


// Base class containing common code for the different finder classes used by
// the parser.
class ParserFinder {
 protected:
  ParserFinder() {}
  static Assignment* AsAssignment(Statement* stat) {
    if (stat == NULL) return NULL;
    ExpressionStatement* exp_stat = stat->AsExpressionStatement();
    if (exp_stat == NULL) return NULL;
    return exp_stat->expression()->AsAssignment();
  }
};


// An InitializationBlockFinder finds and marks sequences of statements of the
// form expr.a = ...; expr.b = ...; etc.
class InitializationBlockFinder : public ParserFinder {
 public:
  InitializationBlockFinder()
    : first_in_block_(NULL), last_in_block_(NULL), block_size_(0) {}

  ~InitializationBlockFinder() {
    if (InBlock()) EndBlock();
  }

  void Update(Statement* stat) {
    Assignment* assignment = AsAssignment(stat);
    if (InBlock()) {
      if (BlockContinues(assignment)) {
        UpdateBlock(assignment);
      } else {
        EndBlock();
      }
    }
    if (!InBlock() && (assignment != NULL) &&
        (assignment->op() == Token::ASSIGN)) {
      StartBlock(assignment);
    }
  }

 private:
  // The minimum number of contiguous assignment that will
  // be treated as an initialization block. Benchmarks show that
  // the overhead exceeds the savings below this limit.
  static const int kMinInitializationBlock = 3;

  // Returns true if the expressions appear to denote the same object.
  // In the context of initialization blocks, we only consider expressions
  // of the form 'expr.x' or expr["x"].
  static bool SameObject(Expression* e1, Expression* e2) {
    VariableProxy* v1 = e1->AsVariableProxy();
    VariableProxy* v2 = e2->AsVariableProxy();
    if (v1 != NULL && v2 != NULL) {
      return v1->name()->Equals(*v2->name());
    }
    Property* p1 = e1->AsProperty();
    Property* p2 = e2->AsProperty();
    if ((p1 == NULL) || (p2 == NULL)) return false;
    Literal* key1 = p1->key()->AsLiteral();
    Literal* key2 = p2->key()->AsLiteral();
    if ((key1 == NULL) || (key2 == NULL)) return false;
    if (!key1->handle()->IsString() || !key2->handle()->IsString()) {
      return false;
    }
    String* name1 = String::cast(*key1->handle());
    String* name2 = String::cast(*key2->handle());
    if (!name1->Equals(name2)) return false;
    return SameObject(p1->obj(), p2->obj());
  }

  // Returns true if the expressions appear to denote different properties
  // of the same object.
  static bool PropertyOfSameObject(Expression* e1, Expression* e2) {
    Property* p1 = e1->AsProperty();
    Property* p2 = e2->AsProperty();
    if ((p1 == NULL) || (p2 == NULL)) return false;
    return SameObject(p1->obj(), p2->obj());
  }

  bool BlockContinues(Assignment* assignment) {
    if ((assignment == NULL) || (first_in_block_ == NULL)) return false;
    if (assignment->op() != Token::ASSIGN) return false;
    return PropertyOfSameObject(first_in_block_->target(),
                                assignment->target());
  }

  void StartBlock(Assignment* assignment) {
    first_in_block_ = assignment;
    last_in_block_ = assignment;
    block_size_ = 1;
  }

  void UpdateBlock(Assignment* assignment) {
    last_in_block_ = assignment;
    ++block_size_;
  }

  void EndBlock() {
    if (block_size_ >= kMinInitializationBlock) {
      first_in_block_->mark_block_start();
      last_in_block_->mark_block_end();
    }
    last_in_block_ = first_in_block_ = NULL;
    block_size_ = 0;
  }

  bool InBlock() { return first_in_block_ != NULL; }

  Assignment* first_in_block_;
  Assignment* last_in_block_;
  int block_size_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InitializationBlockFinder);
};


// A ThisNamedPropertyAssigmentFinder finds and marks statements of the form
// this.x = ...;, where x is a named property. It also determines whether a
// function contains only assignments of this type.
class ThisNamedPropertyAssigmentFinder : public ParserFinder {
 public:
  explicit ThisNamedPropertyAssigmentFinder(Isolate* isolate)
      : isolate_(isolate),
        only_simple_this_property_assignments_(true),
        names_(NULL),
        assigned_arguments_(NULL),
        assigned_constants_(NULL) {}

  void Update(Scope* scope, Statement* stat) {
    // Bail out if function already has property assignment that are
    // not simple this property assignments.
    if (!only_simple_this_property_assignments_) {
      return;
    }

    // Check whether this statement is of the form this.x = ...;
    Assignment* assignment = AsAssignment(stat);
    if (IsThisPropertyAssignment(assignment)) {
      HandleThisPropertyAssignment(scope, assignment);
    } else {
      only_simple_this_property_assignments_ = false;
    }
  }

  // Returns whether only statements of the form this.x = y; where y is either a
  // constant or a function argument was encountered.
  bool only_simple_this_property_assignments() {
    return only_simple_this_property_assignments_;
  }

  // Returns a fixed array containing three elements for each assignment of the
  // form this.x = y;
  Handle<FixedArray> GetThisPropertyAssignments() {
    if (names_ == NULL) {
      return isolate_->factory()->empty_fixed_array();
    }
    ASSERT(names_ != NULL);
    ASSERT(assigned_arguments_ != NULL);
    ASSERT_EQ(names_->length(), assigned_arguments_->length());
    ASSERT_EQ(names_->length(), assigned_constants_->length());
    Handle<FixedArray> assignments =
        isolate_->factory()->NewFixedArray(names_->length() * 3);
    for (int i = 0; i < names_->length(); i++) {
      assignments->set(i * 3, *names_->at(i));
      assignments->set(i * 3 + 1, Smi::FromInt(assigned_arguments_->at(i)));
      assignments->set(i * 3 + 2, *assigned_constants_->at(i));
    }
    return assignments;
  }

 private:
  bool IsThisPropertyAssignment(Assignment* assignment) {
    if (assignment != NULL) {
      Property* property = assignment->target()->AsProperty();
      return assignment->op() == Token::ASSIGN
             && property != NULL
             && property->obj()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL
             && property->obj()->AsVariableProxy()->is_this();
    }
    return false;
  }

  void HandleThisPropertyAssignment(Scope* scope, Assignment* assignment) {
    // Check that the property assigned to is a named property, which is not
    // __proto__.
    Property* property = assignment->target()->AsProperty();
    ASSERT(property != NULL);
    Literal* literal = property->key()->AsLiteral();
    uint32_t dummy;
    if (literal != NULL &&
        literal->handle()->IsString() &&
        !String::cast(*(literal->handle()))->Equals(
            isolate_->heap()->Proto_symbol()) &&
        !String::cast(*(literal->handle()))->AsArrayIndex(&dummy)) {
      Handle<String> key = Handle<String>::cast(literal->handle());

      // Check whether the value assigned is either a constant or matches the
      // name of one of the arguments to the function.
      if (assignment->value()->AsLiteral() != NULL) {
        // Constant assigned.
        Literal* literal = assignment->value()->AsLiteral();
        AssignmentFromConstant(key, literal->handle());
        return;
      } else if (assignment->value()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL) {
        // Variable assigned.
        Handle<String> name =
            assignment->value()->AsVariableProxy()->name();
        // Check whether the variable assigned matches an argument name.
        for (int i = 0; i < scope->num_parameters(); i++) {
          if (*scope->parameter(i)->name() == *name) {
            // Assigned from function argument.
            AssignmentFromParameter(key, i);
            return;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // It is not a simple "this.x = value;" assignment with a constant
    // or parameter value.
    AssignmentFromSomethingElse();
  }

  void AssignmentFromParameter(Handle<String> name, int index) {
    EnsureAllocation();
    names_->Add(name);
    assigned_arguments_->Add(index);
    assigned_constants_->Add(isolate_->factory()->undefined_value());
  }

  void AssignmentFromConstant(Handle<String> name, Handle<Object> value) {
    EnsureAllocation();
    names_->Add(name);
    assigned_arguments_->Add(-1);
    assigned_constants_->Add(value);
  }

  void AssignmentFromSomethingElse() {
    // The this assignment is not a simple one.
    only_simple_this_property_assignments_ = false;
  }

  void EnsureAllocation() {
    if (names_ == NULL) {
      ASSERT(assigned_arguments_ == NULL);
      ASSERT(assigned_constants_ == NULL);
      names_ = new ZoneStringList(4);
      assigned_arguments_ = new ZoneList<int>(4);
      assigned_constants_ = new ZoneObjectList(4);
    }
  }

  Isolate* isolate_;
  bool only_simple_this_property_assignments_;
  ZoneStringList* names_;
  ZoneList<int>* assigned_arguments_;
  ZoneObjectList* assigned_constants_;
};


void* Parser::ParseSourceElements(ZoneList<Statement*>* processor,
                                  int end_token,
                                  bool* ok) {
  // SourceElements ::
  //   (Statement)* <end_token>

  // Allocate a target stack to use for this set of source
  // elements. This way, all scripts and functions get their own
  // target stack thus avoiding illegal breaks and continues across
  // functions.
  TargetScope scope(&this->target_stack_);

  ASSERT(processor != NULL);
  InitializationBlockFinder block_finder;
  ThisNamedPropertyAssigmentFinder this_property_assignment_finder(isolate());
  bool directive_prologue = true;     // Parsing directive prologue.

  while (peek() != end_token) {
    if (directive_prologue && peek() != Token::STRING) {
      directive_prologue = false;
    }

    Scanner::Location token_loc = scanner().peek_location();

    Statement* stat;
    if (peek() == Token::FUNCTION) {
      // FunctionDeclaration is only allowed in the context of SourceElements
      // (Ecma 262 5th Edition, clause 14):
      // SourceElement:
      //    Statement
      //    FunctionDeclaration
      // Common language extension is to allow function declaration in place
      // of any statement. This language extension is disabled in strict mode.
      stat = ParseFunctionDeclaration(CHECK_OK);
    } else {
      stat = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
    }

    if (stat == NULL || stat->IsEmpty()) {
      directive_prologue = false;   // End of directive prologue.
      continue;
    }

    if (directive_prologue) {
      // A shot at a directive.
      ExpressionStatement *e_stat;
      Literal *literal;
      // Still processing directive prologue?
      if ((e_stat = stat->AsExpressionStatement()) != NULL &&
          (literal = e_stat->expression()->AsLiteral()) != NULL &&
          literal->handle()->IsString()) {
        Handle<String> directive = Handle<String>::cast(literal->handle());

        // Check "use strict" directive (ES5 14.1).
        if (!top_scope_->is_strict_mode() &&
            directive->Equals(isolate()->heap()->use_strict()) &&
            token_loc.end_pos - token_loc.beg_pos ==
              isolate()->heap()->use_strict()->length() + 2) {
          top_scope_->EnableStrictMode();
          // "use strict" is the only directive for now.
          directive_prologue = false;
        }
      } else {
        // End of the directive prologue.
        directive_prologue = false;
      }
    }

    // We find and mark the initialization blocks on top level code only.
    // This is because the optimization prevents reuse of the map transitions,
    // so it should be used only for code that will only be run once.
    if (top_scope_->is_global_scope()) {
      block_finder.Update(stat);
    }
    // Find and mark all assignments to named properties in this (this.x =)
    if (top_scope_->is_function_scope()) {
      this_property_assignment_finder.Update(top_scope_, stat);
    }
    processor->Add(stat);
  }

  // Propagate the collected information on this property assignments.
  if (top_scope_->is_function_scope()) {
    bool only_simple_this_property_assignments =
        this_property_assignment_finder.only_simple_this_property_assignments()
        && top_scope_->declarations()->length() == 0;
    if (only_simple_this_property_assignments) {
      lexical_scope_->SetThisPropertyAssignmentInfo(
          only_simple_this_property_assignments,
          this_property_assignment_finder.GetThisPropertyAssignments());
    }
  }
  return 0;
}


Statement* Parser::ParseStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // Statement ::
  //   Block
  //   VariableStatement
  //   EmptyStatement
  //   ExpressionStatement
  //   IfStatement
  //   IterationStatement
  //   ContinueStatement
  //   BreakStatement
  //   ReturnStatement
  //   WithStatement
  //   LabelledStatement
  //   SwitchStatement
  //   ThrowStatement
  //   TryStatement
  //   DebuggerStatement

  // Note: Since labels can only be used by 'break' and 'continue'
  // statements, which themselves are only valid within blocks,
  // iterations or 'switch' statements (i.e., BreakableStatements),
  // labels can be simply ignored in all other cases; except for
  // trivial labeled break statements 'label: break label' which is
  // parsed into an empty statement.

  // Keep the source position of the statement
  int statement_pos = scanner().peek_location().beg_pos;
  Statement* stmt = NULL;
  switch (peek()) {
    case Token::LBRACE:
      return ParseBlock(labels, ok);

    case Token::CONST:  // fall through
    case Token::VAR:
      stmt = ParseVariableStatement(ok);
      break;

    case Token::SEMICOLON:
      Next();
      return EmptyStatement();

    case Token::IF:
      stmt = ParseIfStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::DO:
      stmt = ParseDoWhileStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::WHILE:
      stmt = ParseWhileStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::FOR:
      stmt = ParseForStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::CONTINUE:
      stmt = ParseContinueStatement(ok);
      break;

    case Token::BREAK:
      stmt = ParseBreakStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::RETURN:
      stmt = ParseReturnStatement(ok);
      break;

    case Token::WITH:
      stmt = ParseWithStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::SWITCH:
      stmt = ParseSwitchStatement(labels, ok);
      break;

    case Token::THROW:
      stmt = ParseThrowStatement(ok);
      break;

    case Token::TRY: {
      // NOTE: It is somewhat complicated to have labels on
      // try-statements. When breaking out of a try-finally statement,
      // one must take great care not to treat it as a
      // fall-through. It is much easier just to wrap the entire
      // try-statement in a statement block and put the labels there
      Block* result = new Block(labels, 1, false);
      Target target(&this->target_stack_, result);
      TryStatement* statement = ParseTryStatement(CHECK_OK);
      if (statement) {
        statement->set_statement_pos(statement_pos);
      }
      if (result) result->AddStatement(statement);
      return result;
    }

    case Token::FUNCTION: {
      // In strict mode, FunctionDeclaration is only allowed in the context
      // of SourceElements.
      if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
        ReportMessageAt(scanner().peek_location(), "strict_function",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      return ParseFunctionDeclaration(ok);
    }

    case Token::NATIVE:
      return ParseNativeDeclaration(ok);

    case Token::DEBUGGER:
      stmt = ParseDebuggerStatement(ok);
      break;

    default:
      stmt = ParseExpressionOrLabelledStatement(labels, ok);
  }

  // Store the source position of the statement
  if (stmt != NULL) stmt->set_statement_pos(statement_pos);
  return stmt;
}


VariableProxy* Parser::Declare(Handle<String> name,
                               Variable::Mode mode,
                               FunctionLiteral* fun,
                               bool resolve,
                               bool* ok) {
  Variable* var = NULL;
  // If we are inside a function, a declaration of a variable
  // is a truly local variable, and the scope of the variable
  // is always the function scope.

  // If a function scope exists, then we can statically declare this
  // variable and also set its mode. In any case, a Declaration node
  // will be added to the scope so that the declaration can be added
  // to the corresponding activation frame at runtime if necessary.
  // For instance declarations inside an eval scope need to be added
  // to the calling function context.
  if (top_scope_->is_function_scope()) {
    // Declare the variable in the function scope.
    var = top_scope_->LocalLookup(name);
    if (var == NULL) {
      // Declare the name.
      var = top_scope_->DeclareLocal(name, mode);
    } else {
      // The name was declared before; check for conflicting
      // re-declarations. If the previous declaration was a const or the
      // current declaration is a const then we have a conflict. There is
      // similar code in runtime.cc in the Declare functions.
      if ((mode == Variable::CONST) || (var->mode() == Variable::CONST)) {
        // We only have vars and consts in declarations.
        ASSERT(var->mode() == Variable::VAR ||
               var->mode() == Variable::CONST);
        const char* type = (var->mode() == Variable::VAR) ? "var" : "const";
        Handle<String> type_string =
            isolate()->factory()->NewStringFromUtf8(CStrVector(type), TENURED);
        Expression* expression =
            NewThrowTypeError(isolate()->factory()->redeclaration_symbol(),
                              type_string, name);
        top_scope_->SetIllegalRedeclaration(expression);
      }
    }
  }

  // We add a declaration node for every declaration. The compiler
  // will only generate code if necessary. In particular, declarations
  // for inner local variables that do not represent functions won't
  // result in any generated code.
  //
  // Note that we always add an unresolved proxy even if it's not
  // used, simply because we don't know in this method (w/o extra
  // parameters) if the proxy is needed or not. The proxy will be
  // bound during variable resolution time unless it was pre-bound
  // below.
  //
  // WARNING: This will lead to multiple declaration nodes for the
  // same variable if it is declared several times. This is not a
  // semantic issue as long as we keep the source order, but it may be
  // a performance issue since it may lead to repeated
  // Runtime::DeclareContextSlot() calls.
  VariableProxy* proxy = top_scope_->NewUnresolved(name, inside_with());
  top_scope_->AddDeclaration(new Declaration(proxy, mode, fun));

  // For global const variables we bind the proxy to a variable.
  if (mode == Variable::CONST && top_scope_->is_global_scope()) {
    ASSERT(resolve);  // should be set by all callers
    Variable::Kind kind = Variable::NORMAL;
    var = new Variable(top_scope_, name, Variable::CONST, true, kind);
  }

  // If requested and we have a local variable, bind the proxy to the variable
  // at parse-time. This is used for functions (and consts) declared inside
  // statements: the corresponding function (or const) variable must be in the
  // function scope and not a statement-local scope, e.g. as provided with a
  // 'with' statement:
  //
  //   with (obj) {
  //     function f() {}
  //   }
  //
  // which is translated into:
  //
  //   with (obj) {
  //     // in this case this is not: 'var f; f = function () {};'
  //     var f = function () {};
  //   }
  //
  // Note that if 'f' is accessed from inside the 'with' statement, it
  // will be allocated in the context (because we must be able to look
  // it up dynamically) but it will also be accessed statically, i.e.,
  // with a context slot index and a context chain length for this
  // initialization code. Thus, inside the 'with' statement, we need
  // both access to the static and the dynamic context chain; the
  // runtime needs to provide both.
  if (resolve && var != NULL) proxy->BindTo(var);

  return proxy;
}


// Language extension which is only enabled for source files loaded
// through the API's extension mechanism.  A native function
// declaration is resolved by looking up the function through a
// callback provided by the extension.
Statement* Parser::ParseNativeDeclaration(bool* ok) {
  if (extension_ == NULL) {
    ReportUnexpectedToken(Token::NATIVE);
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }

  Expect(Token::NATIVE, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::FUNCTION, CHECK_OK);
  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  bool done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
  while (!done) {
    ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
    done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
    if (!done) {
      Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
    }
  }
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::SEMICOLON, CHECK_OK);

  // Make sure that the function containing the native declaration
  // isn't lazily compiled. The extension structures are only
  // accessible while parsing the first time not when reparsing
  // because of lazy compilation.
  top_scope_->ForceEagerCompilation();

  // Compute the function template for the native function.
  v8::Handle<v8::FunctionTemplate> fun_template =
      extension_->GetNativeFunction(v8::Utils::ToLocal(name));
  ASSERT(!fun_template.IsEmpty());

  // Instantiate the function and create a shared function info from it.
  Handle<JSFunction> fun = Utils::OpenHandle(*fun_template->GetFunction());
  const int literals = fun->NumberOfLiterals();
  Handle<Code> code = Handle<Code>(fun->shared()->code());
  Handle<Code> construct_stub = Handle<Code>(fun->shared()->construct_stub());
  Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared =
      isolate()->factory()->NewSharedFunctionInfo(name, literals, code,
          Handle<SerializedScopeInfo>(fun->shared()->scope_info()));
  shared->set_construct_stub(*construct_stub);

  // Copy the function data to the shared function info.
  shared->set_function_data(fun->shared()->function_data());
  int parameters = fun->shared()->formal_parameter_count();
  shared->set_formal_parameter_count(parameters);

  // TODO(1240846): It's weird that native function declarations are
  // introduced dynamically when we meet their declarations, whereas
  // other functions are setup when entering the surrounding scope.
  SharedFunctionInfoLiteral* lit = new SharedFunctionInfoLiteral(shared);
  VariableProxy* var = Declare(name, Variable::VAR, NULL, true, CHECK_OK);
  return new ExpressionStatement(
      new Assignment(Token::INIT_VAR, var, lit, RelocInfo::kNoPosition));
}


Statement* Parser::ParseFunctionDeclaration(bool* ok) {
  // FunctionDeclaration ::
  //   'function' Identifier '(' FormalParameterListopt ')' '{' FunctionBody '}'
  Expect(Token::FUNCTION, CHECK_OK);
  int function_token_position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
  bool is_reserved = false;
  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierOrReservedWord(&is_reserved, CHECK_OK);
  FunctionLiteral* fun = ParseFunctionLiteral(name,
                                              is_reserved,
                                              function_token_position,
                                              DECLARATION,
                                              CHECK_OK);
  // Even if we're not at the top-level of the global or a function
  // scope, we treat is as such and introduce the function with it's
  // initial value upon entering the corresponding scope.
  Declare(name, Variable::VAR, fun, true, CHECK_OK);
  return EmptyStatement();
}


Block* Parser::ParseBlock(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // Block ::
  //   '{' Statement* '}'

  // Note that a Block does not introduce a new execution scope!
  // (ECMA-262, 3rd, 12.2)
  //
  // Construct block expecting 16 statements.
  Block* result = new Block(labels, 16, false);
  Target target(&this->target_stack_, result);
  Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
  while (peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
    Statement* stat = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
    if (stat && !stat->IsEmpty()) result->AddStatement(stat);
  }
  Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
  return result;
}


Block* Parser::ParseVariableStatement(bool* ok) {
  // VariableStatement ::
  //   VariableDeclarations ';'

  Expression* dummy;  // to satisfy the ParseVariableDeclarations() signature
  Block* result = ParseVariableDeclarations(true, &dummy, CHECK_OK);
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return result;
}


bool Parser::IsEvalOrArguments(Handle<String> string) {
  return string.is_identical_to(isolate()->factory()->eval_symbol()) ||
      string.is_identical_to(isolate()->factory()->arguments_symbol());
}


// If the variable declaration declares exactly one non-const
// variable, then *var is set to that variable. In all other cases,
// *var is untouched; in particular, it is the caller's responsibility
// to initialize it properly. This mechanism is used for the parsing
// of 'for-in' loops.
Block* Parser::ParseVariableDeclarations(bool accept_IN,
                                         Expression** var,
                                         bool* ok) {
  // VariableDeclarations ::
  //   ('var' | 'const') (Identifier ('=' AssignmentExpression)?)+[',']

  Variable::Mode mode = Variable::VAR;
  bool is_const = false;
  if (peek() == Token::VAR) {
    Consume(Token::VAR);
  } else if (peek() == Token::CONST) {
    Consume(Token::CONST);
    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      ReportMessage("strict_const", Vector<const char*>::empty());
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }
    mode = Variable::CONST;
    is_const = true;
  } else {
    UNREACHABLE();  // by current callers
  }

  // The scope of a variable/const declared anywhere inside a function
  // is the entire function (ECMA-262, 3rd, 10.1.3, and 12.2). Thus we can
  // transform a source-level variable/const declaration into a (Function)
  // Scope declaration, and rewrite the source-level initialization into an
  // assignment statement. We use a block to collect multiple assignments.
  //
  // We mark the block as initializer block because we don't want the
  // rewriter to add a '.result' assignment to such a block (to get compliant
  // behavior for code such as print(eval('var x = 7')), and for cosmetic
  // reasons when pretty-printing. Also, unless an assignment (initialization)
  // is inside an initializer block, it is ignored.
  //
  // Create new block with one expected declaration.
  Block* block = new Block(NULL, 1, true);
  VariableProxy* last_var = NULL;  // the last variable declared
  int nvars = 0;  // the number of variables declared
  do {
    if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Enter();

    // Parse variable name.
    if (nvars > 0) Consume(Token::COMMA);
    Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
    if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushVariableName(name);

    // Strict mode variables may not be named eval or arguments
    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode() && IsEvalOrArguments(name)) {
      ReportMessage("strict_var_name", Vector<const char*>::empty());
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }

    // Declare variable.
    // Note that we *always* must treat the initial value via a separate init
    // assignment for variables and constants because the value must be assigned
    // when the variable is encountered in the source. But the variable/constant
    // is declared (and set to 'undefined') upon entering the function within
    // which the variable or constant is declared. Only function variables have
    // an initial value in the declaration (because they are initialized upon
    // entering the function).
    //
    // If we have a const declaration, in an inner scope, the proxy is always
    // bound to the declared variable (independent of possibly surrounding with
    // statements).
    last_var = Declare(name, mode, NULL,
                       is_const /* always bound for CONST! */,
                       CHECK_OK);
    nvars++;

    // Parse initialization expression if present and/or needed. A
    // declaration of the form:
    //
    //    var v = x;
    //
    // is syntactic sugar for:
    //
    //    var v; v = x;
    //
    // In particular, we need to re-lookup 'v' as it may be a
    // different 'v' than the 'v' in the declaration (if we are inside
    // a 'with' statement that makes a object property with name 'v'
    // visible).
    //
    // However, note that const declarations are different! A const
    // declaration of the form:
    //
    //   const c = x;
    //
    // is *not* syntactic sugar for:
    //
    //   const c; c = x;
    //
    // The "variable" c initialized to x is the same as the declared
    // one - there is no re-lookup (see the last parameter of the
    // Declare() call above).

    Expression* value = NULL;
    int position = -1;
    if (peek() == Token::ASSIGN) {
      Expect(Token::ASSIGN, CHECK_OK);
      position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
      value = ParseAssignmentExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);
      // Don't infer if it is "a = function(){...}();"-like expression.
      if (fni_ != NULL && value->AsCall() == NULL) fni_->Infer();
    }

    // Make sure that 'const c' actually initializes 'c' to undefined
    // even though it seems like a stupid thing to do.
    if (value == NULL && is_const) {
      value = GetLiteralUndefined();
    }

    // Global variable declarations must be compiled in a specific
    // way. When the script containing the global variable declaration
    // is entered, the global variable must be declared, so that if it
    // doesn't exist (not even in a prototype of the global object) it
    // gets created with an initial undefined value. This is handled
    // by the declarations part of the function representing the
    // top-level global code; see Runtime::DeclareGlobalVariable. If
    // it already exists (in the object or in a prototype), it is
    // *not* touched until the variable declaration statement is
    // executed.
    //
    // Executing the variable declaration statement will always
    // guarantee to give the global object a "local" variable; a
    // variable defined in the global object and not in any
    // prototype. This way, global variable declarations can shadow
    // properties in the prototype chain, but only after the variable
    // declaration statement has been executed. This is important in
    // browsers where the global object (window) has lots of
    // properties defined in prototype objects.

    if (top_scope_->is_global_scope()) {
      // Compute the arguments for the runtime call.
      ZoneList<Expression*>* arguments = new ZoneList<Expression*>(3);
      arguments->Add(new Literal(name));  // we have at least 1 parameter
      CallRuntime* initialize;

      if (is_const) {
        arguments->Add(value);
        value = NULL;  // zap the value to avoid the unnecessary assignment

        // Construct the call to Runtime_InitializeConstGlobal
        // and add it to the initialization statement block.
        // Note that the function does different things depending on
        // the number of arguments (1 or 2).
        initialize =
            new CallRuntime(
              isolate()->factory()->InitializeConstGlobal_symbol(),
              Runtime::FunctionForId(Runtime::kInitializeConstGlobal),
              arguments);
      } else {
        // Add strict mode.
        // We may want to pass singleton to avoid Literal allocations.
        arguments->Add(NewNumberLiteral(
            top_scope_->is_strict_mode() ? kStrictMode : kNonStrictMode));

        // Be careful not to assign a value to the global variable if
        // we're in a with. The initialization value should not
        // necessarily be stored in the global object in that case,
        // which is why we need to generate a separate assignment node.
        if (value != NULL && !inside_with()) {
          arguments->Add(value);
          value = NULL;  // zap the value to avoid the unnecessary assignment
        }

        // Construct the call to Runtime_InitializeVarGlobal
        // and add it to the initialization statement block.
        // Note that the function does different things depending on
        // the number of arguments (2 or 3).
        initialize =
            new CallRuntime(
              isolate()->factory()->InitializeVarGlobal_symbol(),
              Runtime::FunctionForId(Runtime::kInitializeVarGlobal),
              arguments);
      }

      block->AddStatement(new ExpressionStatement(initialize));
    }

    // Add an assignment node to the initialization statement block if
    // we still have a pending initialization value. We must distinguish
    // between variables and constants: Variable initializations are simply
    // assignments (with all the consequences if they are inside a 'with'
    // statement - they may change a 'with' object property). Constant
    // initializations always assign to the declared constant which is
    // always at the function scope level. This is only relevant for
    // dynamically looked-up variables and constants (the start context
    // for constant lookups is always the function context, while it is
    // the top context for variables). Sigh...
    if (value != NULL) {
      Token::Value op = (is_const ? Token::INIT_CONST : Token::INIT_VAR);
      Assignment* assignment = new Assignment(op, last_var, value, position);
      if (block) block->AddStatement(new ExpressionStatement(assignment));
    }

    if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Leave();
  } while (peek() == Token::COMMA);

  if (!is_const && nvars == 1) {
    // We have a single, non-const variable.
    ASSERT(last_var != NULL);
    *var = last_var;
  }

  return block;
}


static bool ContainsLabel(ZoneStringList* labels, Handle<String> label) {
  ASSERT(!label.is_null());
  if (labels != NULL)
    for (int i = labels->length(); i-- > 0; )
      if (labels->at(i).is_identical_to(label))
        return true;

  return false;
}


Statement* Parser::ParseExpressionOrLabelledStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
                                                      bool* ok) {
  // ExpressionStatement | LabelledStatement ::
  //   Expression ';'
  //   Identifier ':' Statement
  bool starts_with_idenfifier = peek_any_identifier();
  Expression* expr = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  if (peek() == Token::COLON && starts_with_idenfifier && expr &&
      expr->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
      !expr->AsVariableProxy()->is_this()) {
    // Expression is a single identifier, and not, e.g., a parenthesized
    // identifier.
    VariableProxy* var = expr->AsVariableProxy();
    Handle<String> label = var->name();
    // TODO(1240780): We don't check for redeclaration of labels
    // during preparsing since keeping track of the set of active
    // labels requires nontrivial changes to the way scopes are
    // structured.  However, these are probably changes we want to
    // make later anyway so we should go back and fix this then.
    if (ContainsLabel(labels, label) || TargetStackContainsLabel(label)) {
      SmartPointer<char> c_string = label->ToCString(DISALLOW_NULLS);
      const char* elms[2] = { "Label", *c_string };
      Vector<const char*> args(elms, 2);
      ReportMessage("redeclaration", args);
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }
    if (labels == NULL) labels = new ZoneStringList(4);
    labels->Add(label);
    // Remove the "ghost" variable that turned out to be a label
    // from the top scope. This way, we don't try to resolve it
    // during the scope processing.
    top_scope_->RemoveUnresolved(var);
    Expect(Token::COLON, CHECK_OK);
    return ParseStatement(labels, ok);
  }

  // Parsed expression statement.
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return new ExpressionStatement(expr);
}


IfStatement* Parser::ParseIfStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // IfStatement ::
  //   'if' '(' Expression ')' Statement ('else' Statement)?

  Expect(Token::IF, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Expression* condition = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Statement* then_statement = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
  Statement* else_statement = NULL;
  if (peek() == Token::ELSE) {
    Next();
    else_statement = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
  } else {
    else_statement = EmptyStatement();
  }
  return new IfStatement(condition, then_statement, else_statement);
}


Statement* Parser::ParseContinueStatement(bool* ok) {
  // ContinueStatement ::
  //   'continue' Identifier? ';'

  Expect(Token::CONTINUE, CHECK_OK);
  Handle<String> label = Handle<String>::null();
  Token::Value tok = peek();
  if (!scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next() &&
      tok != Token::SEMICOLON && tok != Token::RBRACE && tok != Token::EOS) {
    label = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
  }
  IterationStatement* target = NULL;
  target = LookupContinueTarget(label, CHECK_OK);
  if (target == NULL) {
    // Illegal continue statement.
    const char* message = "illegal_continue";
    Vector<Handle<String> > args;
    if (!label.is_null()) {
      message = "unknown_label";
      args = Vector<Handle<String> >(&label, 1);
    }
    ReportMessageAt(scanner().location(), message, args);
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return new ContinueStatement(target);
}


Statement* Parser::ParseBreakStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // BreakStatement ::
  //   'break' Identifier? ';'

  Expect(Token::BREAK, CHECK_OK);
  Handle<String> label;
  Token::Value tok = peek();
  if (!scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next() &&
      tok != Token::SEMICOLON && tok != Token::RBRACE && tok != Token::EOS) {
    label = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
  }
  // Parse labeled break statements that target themselves into
  // empty statements, e.g. 'l1: l2: l3: break l2;'
  if (!label.is_null() && ContainsLabel(labels, label)) {
    return EmptyStatement();
  }
  BreakableStatement* target = NULL;
  target = LookupBreakTarget(label, CHECK_OK);
  if (target == NULL) {
    // Illegal break statement.
    const char* message = "illegal_break";
    Vector<Handle<String> > args;
    if (!label.is_null()) {
      message = "unknown_label";
      args = Vector<Handle<String> >(&label, 1);
    }
    ReportMessageAt(scanner().location(), message, args);
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return new BreakStatement(target);
}


Statement* Parser::ParseReturnStatement(bool* ok) {
  // ReturnStatement ::
  //   'return' Expression? ';'

  // Consume the return token. It is necessary to do the before
  // reporting any errors on it, because of the way errors are
  // reported (underlining).
  Expect(Token::RETURN, CHECK_OK);

  // An ECMAScript program is considered syntactically incorrect if it
  // contains a return statement that is not within the body of a
  // function. See ECMA-262, section 12.9, page 67.
  //
  // To be consistent with KJS we report the syntax error at runtime.
  if (!top_scope_->is_function_scope()) {
    Handle<String> type = isolate()->factory()->illegal_return_symbol();
    Expression* throw_error = NewThrowSyntaxError(type, Handle<Object>::null());
    return new ExpressionStatement(throw_error);
  }

  Token::Value tok = peek();
  if (scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next() ||
      tok == Token::SEMICOLON ||
      tok == Token::RBRACE ||
      tok == Token::EOS) {
    ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
    return new ReturnStatement(GetLiteralUndefined());
  }

  Expression* expr = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return new ReturnStatement(expr);
}


Block* Parser::WithHelper(Expression* obj,
                          ZoneStringList* labels,
                          bool is_catch_block,
                          bool* ok) {
  // Parse the statement and collect escaping labels.
  ZoneList<BreakTarget*>* target_list = new ZoneList<BreakTarget*>(0);
  TargetCollector collector(target_list);
  Statement* stat;
  { Target target(&this->target_stack_, &collector);
    with_nesting_level_++;
    top_scope_->RecordWithStatement();
    stat = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
    with_nesting_level_--;
  }
  // Create resulting block with two statements.
  // 1: Evaluate the with expression.
  // 2: The try-finally block evaluating the body.
  Block* result = new Block(NULL, 2, false);

  if (result != NULL) {
    result->AddStatement(new WithEnterStatement(obj, is_catch_block));

    // Create body block.
    Block* body = new Block(NULL, 1, false);
    body->AddStatement(stat);

    // Create exit block.
    Block* exit = new Block(NULL, 1, false);
    exit->AddStatement(new WithExitStatement());

    // Return a try-finally statement.
    TryFinallyStatement* wrapper = new TryFinallyStatement(body, exit);
    wrapper->set_escaping_targets(collector.targets());
    result->AddStatement(wrapper);
  }
  return result;
}


Statement* Parser::ParseWithStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // WithStatement ::
  //   'with' '(' Expression ')' Statement

  Expect(Token::WITH, CHECK_OK);

  if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
    ReportMessage("strict_mode_with", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }

  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Expression* expr = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

  return WithHelper(expr, labels, false, CHECK_OK);
}


CaseClause* Parser::ParseCaseClause(bool* default_seen_ptr, bool* ok) {
  // CaseClause ::
  //   'case' Expression ':' Statement*
  //   'default' ':' Statement*

  Expression* label = NULL;  // NULL expression indicates default case
  if (peek() == Token::CASE) {
    Expect(Token::CASE, CHECK_OK);
    label = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  } else {
    Expect(Token::DEFAULT, CHECK_OK);
    if (*default_seen_ptr) {
      ReportMessage("multiple_defaults_in_switch",
                    Vector<const char*>::empty());
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }
    *default_seen_ptr = true;
  }
  Expect(Token::COLON, CHECK_OK);
  int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
  ZoneList<Statement*>* statements = new ZoneList<Statement*>(5);
  while (peek() != Token::CASE &&
         peek() != Token::DEFAULT &&
         peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
    Statement* stat = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
    statements->Add(stat);
  }

  return new CaseClause(label, statements, pos);
}


SwitchStatement* Parser::ParseSwitchStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
                                              bool* ok) {
  // SwitchStatement ::
  //   'switch' '(' Expression ')' '{' CaseClause* '}'

  SwitchStatement* statement = new SwitchStatement(labels);
  Target target(&this->target_stack_, statement);

  Expect(Token::SWITCH, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Expression* tag = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

  bool default_seen = false;
  ZoneList<CaseClause*>* cases = new ZoneList<CaseClause*>(4);
  Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
  while (peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
    CaseClause* clause = ParseCaseClause(&default_seen, CHECK_OK);
    cases->Add(clause);
  }
  Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);

  if (statement) statement->Initialize(tag, cases);
  return statement;
}


Statement* Parser::ParseThrowStatement(bool* ok) {
  // ThrowStatement ::
  //   'throw' Expression ';'

  Expect(Token::THROW, CHECK_OK);
  int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
  if (scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next()) {
    ReportMessage("newline_after_throw", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }
  Expression* exception = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);

  return new ExpressionStatement(new Throw(exception, pos));
}


TryStatement* Parser::ParseTryStatement(bool* ok) {
  // TryStatement ::
  //   'try' Block Catch
  //   'try' Block Finally
  //   'try' Block Catch Finally
  //
  // Catch ::
  //   'catch' '(' Identifier ')' Block
  //
  // Finally ::
  //   'finally' Block

  Expect(Token::TRY, CHECK_OK);

  ZoneList<BreakTarget*>* target_list = new ZoneList<BreakTarget*>(0);
  TargetCollector collector(target_list);
  Block* try_block;

  { Target target(&this->target_stack_, &collector);
    try_block = ParseBlock(NULL, CHECK_OK);
  }

  Block* catch_block = NULL;
  Variable* catch_var = NULL;
  Block* finally_block = NULL;

  Token::Value tok = peek();
  if (tok != Token::CATCH && tok != Token::FINALLY) {
    ReportMessage("no_catch_or_finally", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }

  // If we can break out from the catch block and there is a finally block,
  // then we will need to collect jump targets from the catch block. Since
  // we don't know yet if there will be a finally block, we always collect
  // the jump targets.
  ZoneList<BreakTarget*>* catch_target_list = new ZoneList<BreakTarget*>(0);
  TargetCollector catch_collector(catch_target_list);
  bool has_catch = false;
  if (tok == Token::CATCH) {
    has_catch = true;
    Consume(Token::CATCH);

    Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
    Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);

    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode() && IsEvalOrArguments(name)) {
      ReportMessage("strict_catch_variable", Vector<const char*>::empty());
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }

    Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

    if (peek() == Token::LBRACE) {
      // Allocate a temporary for holding the finally state while
      // executing the finally block.
      catch_var =
          top_scope_->NewTemporary(isolate()->factory()->catch_var_symbol());
      Literal* name_literal = new Literal(name);
      VariableProxy* catch_var_use = new VariableProxy(catch_var);
      Expression* obj = new CatchExtensionObject(name_literal, catch_var_use);
      { Target target(&this->target_stack_, &catch_collector);
        catch_block = WithHelper(obj, NULL, true, CHECK_OK);
      }
    } else {
      Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
    }

    tok = peek();
  }

  if (tok == Token::FINALLY || !has_catch) {
    Consume(Token::FINALLY);
    // Declare a variable for holding the finally state while
    // executing the finally block.
    finally_block = ParseBlock(NULL, CHECK_OK);
  }

  // Simplify the AST nodes by converting:
  //   'try { } catch { } finally { }'
  // to:
  //   'try { try { } catch { } } finally { }'

  if (catch_block != NULL && finally_block != NULL) {
    VariableProxy* catch_var_defn = new VariableProxy(catch_var);
    TryCatchStatement* statement =
        new TryCatchStatement(try_block, catch_var_defn, catch_block);
    statement->set_escaping_targets(collector.targets());
    try_block = new Block(NULL, 1, false);
    try_block->AddStatement(statement);
    catch_block = NULL;
  }

  TryStatement* result = NULL;
  if (catch_block != NULL) {
    ASSERT(finally_block == NULL);
    VariableProxy* catch_var_defn = new VariableProxy(catch_var);
    result = new TryCatchStatement(try_block, catch_var_defn, catch_block);
    result->set_escaping_targets(collector.targets());
  } else {
    ASSERT(finally_block != NULL);
    result = new TryFinallyStatement(try_block, finally_block);
    // Add the jump targets of the try block and the catch block.
    for (int i = 0; i < collector.targets()->length(); i++) {
      catch_collector.AddTarget(collector.targets()->at(i));
    }
    result->set_escaping_targets(catch_collector.targets());
  }

  return result;
}


DoWhileStatement* Parser::ParseDoWhileStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
                                                bool* ok) {
  // DoStatement ::
  //   'do' Statement 'while' '(' Expression ')' ';'

  lexical_scope_->AddLoop();
  DoWhileStatement* loop = new DoWhileStatement(labels);
  Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);

  Expect(Token::DO, CHECK_OK);
  Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::WHILE, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);

  if (loop != NULL) {
    int position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    loop->set_condition_position(position);
  }

  Expression* cond = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  if (cond != NULL) cond->set_is_loop_condition(true);
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

  // Allow do-statements to be terminated with and without
  // semi-colons. This allows code such as 'do;while(0)return' to
  // parse, which would not be the case if we had used the
  // ExpectSemicolon() functionality here.
  if (peek() == Token::SEMICOLON) Consume(Token::SEMICOLON);

  if (loop != NULL) loop->Initialize(cond, body);
  return loop;
}


WhileStatement* Parser::ParseWhileStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // WhileStatement ::
  //   'while' '(' Expression ')' Statement

  lexical_scope_->AddLoop();
  WhileStatement* loop = new WhileStatement(labels);
  Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);

  Expect(Token::WHILE, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Expression* cond = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  if (cond != NULL) cond->set_is_loop_condition(true);
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);

  if (loop != NULL) loop->Initialize(cond, body);
  return loop;
}


Statement* Parser::ParseForStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
  // ForStatement ::
  //   'for' '(' Expression? ';' Expression? ';' Expression? ')' Statement

  lexical_scope_->AddLoop();
  Statement* init = NULL;

  Expect(Token::FOR, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  if (peek() != Token::SEMICOLON) {
    if (peek() == Token::VAR || peek() == Token::CONST) {
      Expression* each = NULL;
      Block* variable_statement =
          ParseVariableDeclarations(false, &each, CHECK_OK);
      if (peek() == Token::IN && each != NULL) {
        ForInStatement* loop = new ForInStatement(labels);
        Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);

        Expect(Token::IN, CHECK_OK);
        Expression* enumerable = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
        Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

        Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
        loop->Initialize(each, enumerable, body);
        Block* result = new Block(NULL, 2, false);
        result->AddStatement(variable_statement);
        result->AddStatement(loop);
        // Parsed for-in loop w/ variable/const declaration.
        return result;
      } else {
        init = variable_statement;
      }

    } else {
      Expression* expression = ParseExpression(false, CHECK_OK);
      if (peek() == Token::IN) {
        // Signal a reference error if the expression is an invalid
        // left-hand side expression.  We could report this as a syntax
        // error here but for compatibility with JSC we choose to report
        // the error at runtime.
        if (expression == NULL || !expression->IsValidLeftHandSide()) {
          Handle<String> type =
              isolate()->factory()->invalid_lhs_in_for_in_symbol();
          expression = NewThrowReferenceError(type);
        }
        ForInStatement* loop = new ForInStatement(labels);
        Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);

        Expect(Token::IN, CHECK_OK);
        Expression* enumerable = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
        Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

        Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
        if (loop) loop->Initialize(expression, enumerable, body);
        // Parsed for-in loop.
        return loop;

      } else {
        init = new ExpressionStatement(expression);
      }
    }
  }

  // Standard 'for' loop
  ForStatement* loop = new ForStatement(labels);
  Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);

  // Parsed initializer at this point.
  Expect(Token::SEMICOLON, CHECK_OK);

  Expression* cond = NULL;
  if (peek() != Token::SEMICOLON) {
    cond = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
    if (cond != NULL) cond->set_is_loop_condition(true);
  }
  Expect(Token::SEMICOLON, CHECK_OK);

  Statement* next = NULL;
  if (peek() != Token::RPAREN) {
    Expression* exp = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
    next = new ExpressionStatement(exp);
  }
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

  Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
  if (loop) loop->Initialize(init, cond, next, body);
  return loop;
}


// Precedence = 1
Expression* Parser::ParseExpression(bool accept_IN, bool* ok) {
  // Expression ::
  //   AssignmentExpression
  //   Expression ',' AssignmentExpression

  Expression* result = ParseAssignmentExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);
  while (peek() == Token::COMMA) {
    Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
    int position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    Expression* right = ParseAssignmentExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);
    result = new BinaryOperation(Token::COMMA, result, right, position);
  }
  return result;
}


// Precedence = 2
Expression* Parser::ParseAssignmentExpression(bool accept_IN, bool* ok) {
  // AssignmentExpression ::
  //   ConditionalExpression
  //   LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression

  if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Enter();
  Expression* expression = ParseConditionalExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);

  if (!Token::IsAssignmentOp(peek())) {
    if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Leave();
    // Parsed conditional expression only (no assignment).
    return expression;
  }

  // Signal a reference error if the expression is an invalid left-hand
  // side expression.  We could report this as a syntax error here but
  // for compatibility with JSC we choose to report the error at
  // runtime.
  if (expression == NULL || !expression->IsValidLeftHandSide()) {
    Handle<String> type =
        isolate()->factory()->invalid_lhs_in_assignment_symbol();
    expression = NewThrowReferenceError(type);
  }

  if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
    // Assignment to eval or arguments is disallowed in strict mode.
    CheckStrictModeLValue(expression, "strict_lhs_assignment", CHECK_OK);
  }

  Token::Value op = Next();  // Get assignment operator.
  int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
  Expression* right = ParseAssignmentExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);

  // TODO(1231235): We try to estimate the set of properties set by
  // constructors. We define a new property whenever there is an
  // assignment to a property of 'this'. We should probably only add
  // properties if we haven't seen them before. Otherwise we'll
  // probably overestimate the number of properties.
  Property* property = expression ? expression->AsProperty() : NULL;
  if (op == Token::ASSIGN &&
      property != NULL &&
      property->obj()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
      property->obj()->AsVariableProxy()->is_this()) {
    lexical_scope_->AddProperty();
  }

  // If we assign a function literal to a property we pretenure the
  // literal so it can be added as a constant function property.
  if (property != NULL && right->AsFunctionLiteral() != NULL) {
    right->AsFunctionLiteral()->set_pretenure(true);
  }

  if (fni_ != NULL) {
    // Check if the right hand side is a call to avoid inferring a
    // name if we're dealing with "a = function(){...}();"-like
    // expression.
    if ((op == Token::INIT_VAR
         || op == Token::INIT_CONST
         || op == Token::ASSIGN)
        && (right->AsCall() == NULL)) {
      fni_->Infer();
    }
    fni_->Leave();
  }

  return new Assignment(op, expression, right, pos);
}


// Precedence = 3
Expression* Parser::ParseConditionalExpression(bool accept_IN, bool* ok) {
  // ConditionalExpression ::
  //   LogicalOrExpression
  //   LogicalOrExpression '?' AssignmentExpression ':' AssignmentExpression

  // We start using the binary expression parser for prec >= 4 only!
  Expression* expression = ParseBinaryExpression(4, accept_IN, CHECK_OK);
  if (peek() != Token::CONDITIONAL) return expression;
  Consume(Token::CONDITIONAL);
  // In parsing the first assignment expression in conditional
  // expressions we always accept the 'in' keyword; see ECMA-262,
  // section 11.12, page 58.
  int left_position = scanner().peek_location().beg_pos;
  Expression* left = ParseAssignmentExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
  Expect(Token::COLON, CHECK_OK);
  int right_position = scanner().peek_location().beg_pos;
  Expression* right = ParseAssignmentExpression(accept_IN, CHECK_OK);
  return new Conditional(expression, left, right,
                         left_position, right_position);
}


static int Precedence(Token::Value tok, bool accept_IN) {
  if (tok == Token::IN && !accept_IN)
    return 0;  // 0 precedence will terminate binary expression parsing

  return Token::Precedence(tok);
}


// Precedence >= 4
Expression* Parser::ParseBinaryExpression(int prec, bool accept_IN, bool* ok) {
  ASSERT(prec >= 4);
  Expression* x = ParseUnaryExpression(CHECK_OK);
  for (int prec1 = Precedence(peek(), accept_IN); prec1 >= prec; prec1--) {
    // prec1 >= 4
    while (Precedence(peek(), accept_IN) == prec1) {
      Token::Value op = Next();
      int position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
      Expression* y = ParseBinaryExpression(prec1 + 1, accept_IN, CHECK_OK);

      // Compute some expressions involving only number literals.
      if (x && x->AsLiteral() && x->AsLiteral()->handle()->IsNumber() &&
          y && y->AsLiteral() && y->AsLiteral()->handle()->IsNumber()) {
        double x_val = x->AsLiteral()->handle()->Number();
        double y_val = y->AsLiteral()->handle()->Number();

        switch (op) {
          case Token::ADD:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(x_val + y_val);
            continue;
          case Token::SUB:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(x_val - y_val);
            continue;
          case Token::MUL:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(x_val * y_val);
            continue;
          case Token::DIV:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(x_val / y_val);
            continue;
          case Token::BIT_OR:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(DoubleToInt32(x_val) | DoubleToInt32(y_val));
            continue;
          case Token::BIT_AND:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(DoubleToInt32(x_val) & DoubleToInt32(y_val));
            continue;
          case Token::BIT_XOR:
            x = NewNumberLiteral(DoubleToInt32(x_val) ^ DoubleToInt32(y_val));
            continue;
          case Token::SHL: {
            int value = DoubleToInt32(x_val) << (DoubleToInt32(y_val) & 0x1f);
            x = NewNumberLiteral(value);
            continue;
          }
          case Token::SHR: {
            uint32_t shift = DoubleToInt32(y_val) & 0x1f;
            uint32_t value = DoubleToUint32(x_val) >> shift;
            x = NewNumberLiteral(value);
            continue;
          }
          case Token::SAR: {
            uint32_t shift = DoubleToInt32(y_val) & 0x1f;
            int value = ArithmeticShiftRight(DoubleToInt32(x_val), shift);
            x = NewNumberLiteral(value);
            continue;
          }
          default:
            break;
        }
      }

      // For now we distinguish between comparisons and other binary
      // operations.  (We could combine the two and get rid of this
      // code and AST node eventually.)
      if (Token::IsCompareOp(op)) {
        // We have a comparison.
        Token::Value cmp = op;
        switch (op) {
          case Token::NE: cmp = Token::EQ; break;
          case Token::NE_STRICT: cmp = Token::EQ_STRICT; break;
          default: break;
        }
        x = NewCompareNode(cmp, x, y, position);
        if (cmp != op) {
          // The comparison was negated - add a NOT.
          x = new UnaryOperation(Token::NOT, x);
        }

      } else {
        // We have a "normal" binary operation.
        x = new BinaryOperation(op, x, y, position);
      }
    }
  }
  return x;
}


Expression* Parser::NewCompareNode(Token::Value op,
                                   Expression* x,
                                   Expression* y,
                                   int position) {
  ASSERT(op != Token::NE && op != Token::NE_STRICT);
  if (op == Token::EQ || op == Token::EQ_STRICT) {
    bool is_strict = (op == Token::EQ_STRICT);
    Literal* x_literal = x->AsLiteral();
    if (x_literal != NULL && x_literal->IsNull()) {
      return new CompareToNull(is_strict, y);
    }

    Literal* y_literal = y->AsLiteral();
    if (y_literal != NULL && y_literal->IsNull()) {
      return new CompareToNull(is_strict, x);
    }
  }
  return new CompareOperation(op, x, y, position);
}


Expression* Parser::ParseUnaryExpression(bool* ok) {
  // UnaryExpression ::
  //   PostfixExpression
  //   'delete' UnaryExpression
  //   'void' UnaryExpression
  //   'typeof' UnaryExpression
  //   '++' UnaryExpression
  //   '--' UnaryExpression
  //   '+' UnaryExpression
  //   '-' UnaryExpression
  //   '~' UnaryExpression
  //   '!' UnaryExpression

  Token::Value op = peek();
  if (Token::IsUnaryOp(op)) {
    op = Next();
    Expression* expression = ParseUnaryExpression(CHECK_OK);

    // Compute some expressions involving only number literals.
    if (expression != NULL && expression->AsLiteral() &&
        expression->AsLiteral()->handle()->IsNumber()) {
      double value = expression->AsLiteral()->handle()->Number();
      switch (op) {
        case Token::ADD:
          return expression;
        case Token::SUB:
          return NewNumberLiteral(-value);
        case Token::BIT_NOT:
          return NewNumberLiteral(~DoubleToInt32(value));
        default: break;
      }
    }

    // "delete identifier" is a syntax error in strict mode.
    if (op == Token::DELETE && top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      VariableProxy* operand = expression->AsVariableProxy();
      if (operand != NULL && !operand->is_this()) {
        ReportMessage("strict_delete", Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
    }

    return new UnaryOperation(op, expression);

  } else if (Token::IsCountOp(op)) {
    op = Next();
    Expression* expression = ParseUnaryExpression(CHECK_OK);
    // Signal a reference error if the expression is an invalid
    // left-hand side expression.  We could report this as a syntax
    // error here but for compatibility with JSC we choose to report the
    // error at runtime.
    if (expression == NULL || !expression->IsValidLeftHandSide()) {
      Handle<String> type =
          isolate()->factory()->invalid_lhs_in_prefix_op_symbol();
      expression = NewThrowReferenceError(type);
    }

    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      // Prefix expression operand in strict mode may not be eval or arguments.
      CheckStrictModeLValue(expression, "strict_lhs_prefix", CHECK_OK);
    }

    int position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    IncrementOperation* increment = new IncrementOperation(op, expression);
    return new CountOperation(true /* prefix */, increment, position);

  } else {
    return ParsePostfixExpression(ok);
  }
}


Expression* Parser::ParsePostfixExpression(bool* ok) {
  // PostfixExpression ::
  //   LeftHandSideExpression ('++' | '--')?

  Expression* expression = ParseLeftHandSideExpression(CHECK_OK);
  if (!scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next() &&
      Token::IsCountOp(peek())) {
    // Signal a reference error if the expression is an invalid
    // left-hand side expression.  We could report this as a syntax
    // error here but for compatibility with JSC we choose to report the
    // error at runtime.
    if (expression == NULL || !expression->IsValidLeftHandSide()) {
      Handle<String> type =
          isolate()->factory()->invalid_lhs_in_postfix_op_symbol();
      expression = NewThrowReferenceError(type);
    }

    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      // Postfix expression operand in strict mode may not be eval or arguments.
      CheckStrictModeLValue(expression, "strict_lhs_prefix", CHECK_OK);
    }

    Token::Value next = Next();
    int position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    IncrementOperation* increment = new IncrementOperation(next, expression);
    expression = new CountOperation(false /* postfix */, increment, position);
  }
  return expression;
}


Expression* Parser::ParseLeftHandSideExpression(bool* ok) {
  // LeftHandSideExpression ::
  //   (NewExpression | MemberExpression) ...

  Expression* result;
  if (peek() == Token::NEW) {
    result = ParseNewExpression(CHECK_OK);
  } else {
    result = ParseMemberExpression(CHECK_OK);
  }

  while (true) {
    switch (peek()) {
      case Token::LBRACK: {
        Consume(Token::LBRACK);
        int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
        Expression* index = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
        result = new Property(result, index, pos);
        Expect(Token::RBRACK, CHECK_OK);
        break;
      }

      case Token::LPAREN: {
        int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
        ZoneList<Expression*>* args = ParseArguments(CHECK_OK);

        // Keep track of eval() calls since they disable all local variable
        // optimizations.
        // The calls that need special treatment are the
        // direct (i.e. not aliased) eval calls. These calls are all of the
        // form eval(...) with no explicit receiver object where eval is not
        // declared in the current scope chain.
        // These calls are marked as potentially direct eval calls. Whether
        // they are actually direct calls to eval is determined at run time.
        // TODO(994): In ES5, it doesn't matter if the "eval" var is declared
        // in the local scope chain. It only matters that it's called "eval",
        // is called without a receiver and it refers to the original eval
        // function.
        VariableProxy* callee = result->AsVariableProxy();
        if (callee != NULL &&
            callee->IsVariable(isolate()->factory()->eval_symbol())) {
          Handle<String> name = callee->name();
          Variable* var = top_scope_->Lookup(name);
          if (var == NULL) {
            top_scope_->RecordEvalCall();
          }
        }
        result = NewCall(result, args, pos);
        break;
      }

      case Token::PERIOD: {
        Consume(Token::PERIOD);
        int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
        Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
        result = new Property(result, new Literal(name), pos);
        if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushLiteralName(name);
        break;
      }

      default:
        return result;
    }
  }
}


Expression* Parser::ParseNewPrefix(PositionStack* stack, bool* ok) {
  // NewExpression ::
  //   ('new')+ MemberExpression

  // The grammar for new expressions is pretty warped. The keyword
  // 'new' can either be a part of the new expression (where it isn't
  // followed by an argument list) or a part of the member expression,
  // where it must be followed by an argument list. To accommodate
  // this, we parse the 'new' keywords greedily and keep track of how
  // many we have parsed. This information is then passed on to the
  // member expression parser, which is only allowed to match argument
  // lists as long as it has 'new' prefixes left
  Expect(Token::NEW, CHECK_OK);
  PositionStack::Element pos(stack, scanner().location().beg_pos);

  Expression* result;
  if (peek() == Token::NEW) {
    result = ParseNewPrefix(stack, CHECK_OK);
  } else {
    result = ParseMemberWithNewPrefixesExpression(stack, CHECK_OK);
  }

  if (!stack->is_empty()) {
    int last = stack->pop();
    result = new CallNew(result, new ZoneList<Expression*>(0), last);
  }
  return result;
}


Expression* Parser::ParseNewExpression(bool* ok) {
  PositionStack stack(ok);
  return ParseNewPrefix(&stack, ok);
}


Expression* Parser::ParseMemberExpression(bool* ok) {
  return ParseMemberWithNewPrefixesExpression(NULL, ok);
}


Expression* Parser::ParseMemberWithNewPrefixesExpression(PositionStack* stack,
                                                         bool* ok) {
  // MemberExpression ::
  //   (PrimaryExpression | FunctionLiteral)
  //     ('[' Expression ']' | '.' Identifier | Arguments)*

  // Parse the initial primary or function expression.
  Expression* result = NULL;
  if (peek() == Token::FUNCTION) {
    Expect(Token::FUNCTION, CHECK_OK);
    int function_token_position = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    Handle<String> name;
    bool is_reserved_name = false;
    if (peek_any_identifier()) {
        name = ParseIdentifierOrReservedWord(&is_reserved_name, CHECK_OK);
    }
    result = ParseFunctionLiteral(name, is_reserved_name,
                                  function_token_position, NESTED, CHECK_OK);
  } else {
    result = ParsePrimaryExpression(CHECK_OK);
  }

  while (true) {
    switch (peek()) {
      case Token::LBRACK: {
        Consume(Token::LBRACK);
        int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
        Expression* index = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
        result = new Property(result, index, pos);
        Expect(Token::RBRACK, CHECK_OK);
        break;
      }
      case Token::PERIOD: {
        Consume(Token::PERIOD);
        int pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
        Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
        result = new Property(result, new Literal(name), pos);
        if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushLiteralName(name);
        break;
      }
      case Token::LPAREN: {
        if ((stack == NULL) || stack->is_empty()) return result;
        // Consume one of the new prefixes (already parsed).
        ZoneList<Expression*>* args = ParseArguments(CHECK_OK);
        int last = stack->pop();
        result = new CallNew(result, args, last);
        break;
      }
      default:
        return result;
    }
  }
}


DebuggerStatement* Parser::ParseDebuggerStatement(bool* ok) {
  // In ECMA-262 'debugger' is defined as a reserved keyword. In some browser
  // contexts this is used as a statement which invokes the debugger as i a
  // break point is present.
  // DebuggerStatement ::
  //   'debugger' ';'

  Expect(Token::DEBUGGER, CHECK_OK);
  ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
  return new DebuggerStatement();
}


void Parser::ReportUnexpectedToken(Token::Value token) {
  // We don't report stack overflows here, to avoid increasing the
  // stack depth even further.  Instead we report it after parsing is
  // over, in ParseProgram/ParseJson.
  if (token == Token::ILLEGAL && stack_overflow_) return;
  // Four of the tokens are treated specially
  switch (token) {
    case Token::EOS:
      return ReportMessage("unexpected_eos", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    case Token::NUMBER:
      return ReportMessage("unexpected_token_number",
                           Vector<const char*>::empty());
    case Token::STRING:
      return ReportMessage("unexpected_token_string",
                           Vector<const char*>::empty());
    case Token::IDENTIFIER:
      return ReportMessage("unexpected_token_identifier",
                           Vector<const char*>::empty());
    case Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD:
      return ReportMessage(top_scope_->is_strict_mode() ?
                               "unexpected_strict_reserved" :
                               "unexpected_token_identifier",
                           Vector<const char*>::empty());
    default:
      const char* name = Token::String(token);
      ASSERT(name != NULL);
      ReportMessage("unexpected_token", Vector<const char*>(&name, 1));
  }
}


void Parser::ReportInvalidPreparseData(Handle<String> name, bool* ok) {
  SmartPointer<char> name_string = name->ToCString(DISALLOW_NULLS);
  const char* element[1] = { *name_string };
  ReportMessage("invalid_preparser_data",
                Vector<const char*>(element, 1));
  *ok = false;
}


Expression* Parser::ParsePrimaryExpression(bool* ok) {
  // PrimaryExpression ::
  //   'this'
  //   'null'
  //   'true'
  //   'false'
  //   Identifier
  //   Number
  //   String
  //   ArrayLiteral
  //   ObjectLiteral
  //   RegExpLiteral
  //   '(' Expression ')'

  Expression* result = NULL;
  switch (peek()) {
    case Token::THIS: {
      Consume(Token::THIS);
      VariableProxy* recv = top_scope_->receiver();
      result = recv;
      break;
    }

    case Token::NULL_LITERAL:
      Consume(Token::NULL_LITERAL);
      result = new Literal(isolate()->factory()->null_value());
      break;

    case Token::TRUE_LITERAL:
      Consume(Token::TRUE_LITERAL);
      result = new Literal(isolate()->factory()->true_value());
      break;

    case Token::FALSE_LITERAL:
      Consume(Token::FALSE_LITERAL);
      result = new Literal(isolate()->factory()->false_value());
      break;

    case Token::IDENTIFIER:
    case Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD: {
      Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
      if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushVariableName(name);
      result = top_scope_->NewUnresolved(name, inside_with());
      break;
    }

    case Token::NUMBER: {
      Consume(Token::NUMBER);
      ASSERT(scanner().is_literal_ascii());
      double value = StringToDouble(scanner().literal_ascii_string(),
                                    ALLOW_HEX | ALLOW_OCTALS);
      result = NewNumberLiteral(value);
      break;
    }

    case Token::STRING: {
      Consume(Token::STRING);
      Handle<String> symbol = GetSymbol(CHECK_OK);
      result = new Literal(symbol);
      if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushLiteralName(symbol);
      break;
    }

    case Token::ASSIGN_DIV:
      result = ParseRegExpLiteral(true, CHECK_OK);
      break;

    case Token::DIV:
      result = ParseRegExpLiteral(false, CHECK_OK);
      break;

    case Token::LBRACK:
      result = ParseArrayLiteral(CHECK_OK);
      break;

    case Token::LBRACE:
      result = ParseObjectLiteral(CHECK_OK);
      break;

    case Token::LPAREN:
      Consume(Token::LPAREN);
      // Heuristically try to detect immediately called functions before
      // seeing the call parentheses.
      parenthesized_function_ = (peek() == Token::FUNCTION);
      result = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
      Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
      break;

    case Token::MOD:
      if (allow_natives_syntax_ || extension_ != NULL) {
        result = ParseV8Intrinsic(CHECK_OK);
        break;
      }
      // If we're not allowing special syntax we fall-through to the
      // default case.

    default: {
      Token::Value tok = Next();
      ReportUnexpectedToken(tok);
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  return result;
}


void Parser::BuildArrayLiteralBoilerplateLiterals(ZoneList<Expression*>* values,
                                                  Handle<FixedArray> literals,
                                                  bool* is_simple,
                                                  int* depth) {
  // Fill in the literals.
  // Accumulate output values in local variables.
  bool is_simple_acc = true;
  int depth_acc = 1;
  for (int i = 0; i < values->length(); i++) {
    MaterializedLiteral* m_literal = values->at(i)->AsMaterializedLiteral();
    if (m_literal != NULL && m_literal->depth() >= depth_acc) {
      depth_acc = m_literal->depth() + 1;
    }
    Handle<Object> boilerplate_value = GetBoilerplateValue(values->at(i));
    if (boilerplate_value->IsUndefined()) {
      literals->set_the_hole(i);
      is_simple_acc = false;
    } else {
      literals->set(i, *boilerplate_value);
    }
  }

  *is_simple = is_simple_acc;
  *depth = depth_acc;
}


Expression* Parser::ParseArrayLiteral(bool* ok) {
  // ArrayLiteral ::
  //   '[' Expression? (',' Expression?)* ']'

  ZoneList<Expression*>* values = new ZoneList<Expression*>(4);
  Expect(Token::LBRACK, CHECK_OK);
  while (peek() != Token::RBRACK) {
    Expression* elem;
    if (peek() == Token::COMMA) {
      elem = GetLiteralTheHole();
    } else {
      elem = ParseAssignmentExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
    }
    values->Add(elem);
    if (peek() != Token::RBRACK) {
      Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
    }
  }
  Expect(Token::RBRACK, CHECK_OK);

  // Update the scope information before the pre-parsing bailout.
  int literal_index = lexical_scope_->NextMaterializedLiteralIndex();

  // Allocate a fixed array with all the literals.
  Handle<FixedArray> literals =
      isolate()->factory()->NewFixedArray(values->length(), TENURED);

  // Fill in the literals.
  bool is_simple = true;
  int depth = 1;
  for (int i = 0, n = values->length(); i < n; i++) {
    MaterializedLiteral* m_literal = values->at(i)->AsMaterializedLiteral();
    if (m_literal != NULL && m_literal->depth() + 1 > depth) {
      depth = m_literal->depth() + 1;
    }
    Handle<Object> boilerplate_value = GetBoilerplateValue(values->at(i));
    if (boilerplate_value->IsUndefined()) {
      literals->set_the_hole(i);
      is_simple = false;
    } else {
      literals->set(i, *boilerplate_value);
    }
  }

  // Simple and shallow arrays can be lazily copied, we transform the
  // elements array to a copy-on-write array.
  if (is_simple && depth == 1 && values->length() > 0) {
    literals->set_map(isolate()->heap()->fixed_cow_array_map());
  }

  return new ArrayLiteral(literals, values,
                          literal_index, is_simple, depth);
}


bool Parser::IsBoilerplateProperty(ObjectLiteral::Property* property) {
  return property != NULL &&
         property->kind() != ObjectLiteral::Property::PROTOTYPE;
}


bool CompileTimeValue::IsCompileTimeValue(Expression* expression) {
  if (expression->AsLiteral() != NULL) return true;
  MaterializedLiteral* lit = expression->AsMaterializedLiteral();
  return lit != NULL && lit->is_simple();
}


bool CompileTimeValue::ArrayLiteralElementNeedsInitialization(
    Expression* value) {
  // If value is a literal the property value is already set in the
  // boilerplate object.
  if (value->AsLiteral() != NULL) return false;
  // If value is a materialized literal the property value is already set
  // in the boilerplate object if it is simple.
  if (CompileTimeValue::IsCompileTimeValue(value)) return false;
  return true;
}


Handle<FixedArray> CompileTimeValue::GetValue(Expression* expression) {
  ASSERT(IsCompileTimeValue(expression));
  Handle<FixedArray> result = FACTORY->NewFixedArray(2, TENURED);
  ObjectLiteral* object_literal = expression->AsObjectLiteral();
  if (object_literal != NULL) {
    ASSERT(object_literal->is_simple());
    if (object_literal->fast_elements()) {
      result->set(kTypeSlot, Smi::FromInt(OBJECT_LITERAL_FAST_ELEMENTS));
    } else {
      result->set(kTypeSlot, Smi::FromInt(OBJECT_LITERAL_SLOW_ELEMENTS));
    }
    result->set(kElementsSlot, *object_literal->constant_properties());
  } else {
    ArrayLiteral* array_literal = expression->AsArrayLiteral();
    ASSERT(array_literal != NULL && array_literal->is_simple());
    result->set(kTypeSlot, Smi::FromInt(ARRAY_LITERAL));
    result->set(kElementsSlot, *array_literal->constant_elements());
  }
  return result;
}


CompileTimeValue::Type CompileTimeValue::GetType(Handle<FixedArray> value) {
  Smi* type_value = Smi::cast(value->get(kTypeSlot));
  return static_cast<Type>(type_value->value());
}


Handle<FixedArray> CompileTimeValue::GetElements(Handle<FixedArray> value) {
  return Handle<FixedArray>(FixedArray::cast(value->get(kElementsSlot)));
}


Handle<Object> Parser::GetBoilerplateValue(Expression* expression) {
  if (expression->AsLiteral() != NULL) {
    return expression->AsLiteral()->handle();
  }
  if (CompileTimeValue::IsCompileTimeValue(expression)) {
    return CompileTimeValue::GetValue(expression);
  }
  return isolate()->factory()->undefined_value();
}

// Defined in ast.cc
bool IsEqualString(void* first, void* second);
bool IsEqualNumber(void* first, void* second);


// Validation per 11.1.5 Object Initialiser
class ObjectLiteralPropertyChecker {
 public:
  ObjectLiteralPropertyChecker(Parser* parser, bool strict) :
    props(&IsEqualString),
    elems(&IsEqualNumber),
    parser_(parser),
    strict_(strict) {
  }

  void CheckProperty(
    ObjectLiteral::Property* property,
    Scanner::Location loc,
    bool* ok);

 private:
  enum PropertyKind {
    kGetAccessor = 0x01,
    kSetAccessor = 0x02,
    kAccessor = kGetAccessor | kSetAccessor,
    kData = 0x04
  };

  static intptr_t GetPropertyKind(ObjectLiteral::Property* property) {
    switch (property->kind()) {
      case ObjectLiteral::Property::GETTER:
        return kGetAccessor;
      case ObjectLiteral::Property::SETTER:
        return kSetAccessor;
      default:
        return kData;
    }
  }

  HashMap props;
  HashMap elems;
  Parser* parser_;
  bool strict_;
};


void ObjectLiteralPropertyChecker::CheckProperty(
    ObjectLiteral::Property* property,
    Scanner::Location loc,
    bool* ok) {

  ASSERT(property != NULL);

  Literal *lit = property->key();
  Handle<Object> handle = lit->handle();

  uint32_t hash;
  HashMap* map;
  void* key;

  if (handle->IsSymbol()) {
    Handle<String> name(String::cast(*handle));
    if (name->AsArrayIndex(&hash)) {
      Handle<Object> key_handle = FACTORY->NewNumberFromUint(hash);
      key = key_handle.location();
      map = &elems;
    } else {
      key = handle.location();
      hash = name->Hash();
      map = &props;
    }
  } else if (handle->ToArrayIndex(&hash)) {
    key = handle.location();
    map = &elems;
  } else {
    ASSERT(handle->IsNumber());
    double num = handle->Number();
    char arr[100];
    Vector<char> buffer(arr, ARRAY_SIZE(arr));
    const char* str = DoubleToCString(num, buffer);
    Handle<String> name = FACTORY->NewStringFromAscii(CStrVector(str));
    key = name.location();
    hash = name->Hash();
    map = &props;
  }

  // Lookup property previously defined, if any.
  HashMap::Entry* entry = map->Lookup(key, hash, true);
  intptr_t prev = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t> (entry->value);
  intptr_t curr = GetPropertyKind(property);

  // Duplicate data properties are illegal in strict mode.
  if (strict_ && (curr & prev & kData) != 0) {
    parser_->ReportMessageAt(loc, "strict_duplicate_property",
                             Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return;
  }
  // Data property conflicting with an accessor.
  if (((curr & kData) && (prev & kAccessor)) ||
      ((prev & kData) && (curr & kAccessor))) {
    parser_->ReportMessageAt(loc, "accessor_data_property",
                             Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return;
  }
  // Two accessors of the same type conflicting
  if ((curr & prev & kAccessor) != 0) {
    parser_->ReportMessageAt(loc, "accessor_get_set",
                             Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return;
  }

  // Update map
  entry->value = reinterpret_cast<void*> (prev | curr);
  *ok = true;
}


void Parser::BuildObjectLiteralConstantProperties(
    ZoneList<ObjectLiteral::Property*>* properties,
    Handle<FixedArray> constant_properties,
    bool* is_simple,
    bool* fast_elements,
    int* depth) {
  int position = 0;
  // Accumulate the value in local variables and store it at the end.
  bool is_simple_acc = true;
  int depth_acc = 1;
  uint32_t max_element_index = 0;
  uint32_t elements = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < properties->length(); i++) {
    ObjectLiteral::Property* property = properties->at(i);
    if (!IsBoilerplateProperty(property)) {
      is_simple_acc = false;
      continue;
    }
    MaterializedLiteral* m_literal = property->value()->AsMaterializedLiteral();
    if (m_literal != NULL && m_literal->depth() >= depth_acc) {
      depth_acc = m_literal->depth() + 1;
    }

    // Add CONSTANT and COMPUTED properties to boilerplate. Use undefined
    // value for COMPUTED properties, the real value is filled in at
    // runtime. The enumeration order is maintained.
    Handle<Object> key = property->key()->handle();
    Handle<Object> value = GetBoilerplateValue(property->value());
    is_simple_acc = is_simple_acc && !value->IsUndefined();

    // Keep track of the number of elements in the object literal and
    // the largest element index.  If the largest element index is
    // much larger than the number of elements, creating an object
    // literal with fast elements will be a waste of space.
    uint32_t element_index = 0;
    if (key->IsString()
        && Handle<String>::cast(key)->AsArrayIndex(&element_index)
        && element_index > max_element_index) {
      max_element_index = element_index;
      elements++;
    } else if (key->IsSmi()) {
      int key_value = Smi::cast(*key)->value();
      if (key_value > 0
          && static_cast<uint32_t>(key_value) > max_element_index) {
        max_element_index = key_value;
      }
      elements++;
    }

    // Add name, value pair to the fixed array.
    constant_properties->set(position++, *key);
    constant_properties->set(position++, *value);
  }
  *fast_elements =
      (max_element_index <= 32) || ((2 * elements) >= max_element_index);
  *is_simple = is_simple_acc;
  *depth = depth_acc;
}


ObjectLiteral::Property* Parser::ParseObjectLiteralGetSet(bool is_getter,
                                                          bool* ok) {
  // Special handling of getter and setter syntax:
  // { ... , get foo() { ... }, ... , set foo(v) { ... v ... } , ... }
  // We have already read the "get" or "set" keyword.
  Token::Value next = Next();
  bool is_keyword = Token::IsKeyword(next);
  if (next == Token::IDENTIFIER || next == Token::NUMBER ||
      next == Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD ||
      next == Token::STRING || is_keyword) {
    Handle<String> name;
    if (is_keyword) {
      name = isolate_->factory()->LookupAsciiSymbol(Token::String(next));
    } else {
      name = GetSymbol(CHECK_OK);
    }
    FunctionLiteral* value =
        ParseFunctionLiteral(name,
                             false,   // reserved words are allowed here
                             RelocInfo::kNoPosition,
                             DECLARATION,
                             CHECK_OK);
    // Allow any number of parameters for compatiabilty with JSC.
    // Specification only allows zero parameters for get and one for set.
    ObjectLiteral::Property* property =
        new ObjectLiteral::Property(is_getter, value);
    return property;
  } else {
    ReportUnexpectedToken(next);
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }
}


Expression* Parser::ParseObjectLiteral(bool* ok) {
  // ObjectLiteral ::
  //   '{' (
  //       ((IdentifierName | String | Number) ':' AssignmentExpression)
  //     | (('get' | 'set') (IdentifierName | String | Number) FunctionLiteral)
  //    )*[','] '}'

  ZoneList<ObjectLiteral::Property*>* properties =
      new ZoneList<ObjectLiteral::Property*>(4);
  int number_of_boilerplate_properties = 0;
  bool has_function = false;

  ObjectLiteralPropertyChecker checker(this, top_scope_->is_strict_mode());

  Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
  Scanner::Location loc = scanner().location();

  while (peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
    if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Enter();

    Literal* key = NULL;
    Token::Value next = peek();

    // Location of the property name token
    Scanner::Location loc = scanner().peek_location();

    switch (next) {
      case Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD:
      case Token::IDENTIFIER: {
        bool is_getter = false;
        bool is_setter = false;
        Handle<String> id =
            ParseIdentifierOrGetOrSet(&is_getter, &is_setter, CHECK_OK);
        if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushLiteralName(id);

        if ((is_getter || is_setter) && peek() != Token::COLON) {
            // Update loc to point to the identifier
            loc = scanner().peek_location();
            ObjectLiteral::Property* property =
                ParseObjectLiteralGetSet(is_getter, CHECK_OK);
            if (IsBoilerplateProperty(property)) {
              number_of_boilerplate_properties++;
            }
            // Validate the property.
            checker.CheckProperty(property, loc, CHECK_OK);
            properties->Add(property);
            if (peek() != Token::RBRACE) Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);

            if (fni_ != NULL) {
              fni_->Infer();
              fni_->Leave();
            }
            continue;  // restart the while
        }
        // Failed to parse as get/set property, so it's just a property
        // called "get" or "set".
        key = new Literal(id);
        break;
      }
      case Token::STRING: {
        Consume(Token::STRING);
        Handle<String> string = GetSymbol(CHECK_OK);
        if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushLiteralName(string);
        uint32_t index;
        if (!string.is_null() && string->AsArrayIndex(&index)) {
          key = NewNumberLiteral(index);
          break;
        }
        key = new Literal(string);
        break;
      }
      case Token::NUMBER: {
        Consume(Token::NUMBER);
        ASSERT(scanner().is_literal_ascii());
        double value = StringToDouble(scanner().literal_ascii_string(),
                                      ALLOW_HEX | ALLOW_OCTALS);
        key = NewNumberLiteral(value);
        break;
      }
      default:
        if (Token::IsKeyword(next)) {
          Consume(next);
          Handle<String> string = GetSymbol(CHECK_OK);
          key = new Literal(string);
        } else {
          // Unexpected token.
          Token::Value next = Next();
          ReportUnexpectedToken(next);
          *ok = false;
          return NULL;
        }
    }

    Expect(Token::COLON, CHECK_OK);
    Expression* value = ParseAssignmentExpression(true, CHECK_OK);

    ObjectLiteral::Property* property =
        new ObjectLiteral::Property(key, value);

    // Mark object literals that contain function literals and pretenure the
    // literal so it can be added as a constant function property.
    if (value->AsFunctionLiteral() != NULL) {
      has_function = true;
      value->AsFunctionLiteral()->set_pretenure(true);
    }

    // Count CONSTANT or COMPUTED properties to maintain the enumeration order.
    if (IsBoilerplateProperty(property)) number_of_boilerplate_properties++;
    // Validate the property
    checker.CheckProperty(property, loc, CHECK_OK);
    properties->Add(property);

    // TODO(1240767): Consider allowing trailing comma.
    if (peek() != Token::RBRACE) Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);

    if (fni_ != NULL) {
      fni_->Infer();
      fni_->Leave();
    }
  }
  Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);

  // Computation of literal_index must happen before pre parse bailout.
  int literal_index = lexical_scope_->NextMaterializedLiteralIndex();

  Handle<FixedArray> constant_properties = isolate()->factory()->NewFixedArray(
      number_of_boilerplate_properties * 2, TENURED);

  bool is_simple = true;
  bool fast_elements = true;
  int depth = 1;
  BuildObjectLiteralConstantProperties(properties,
                                       constant_properties,
                                       &is_simple,
                                       &fast_elements,
                                       &depth);
  return new ObjectLiteral(constant_properties,
                           properties,
                           literal_index,
                           is_simple,
                           fast_elements,
                           depth,
                           has_function);
}


Expression* Parser::ParseRegExpLiteral(bool seen_equal, bool* ok) {
  if (!scanner().ScanRegExpPattern(seen_equal)) {
    Next();
    ReportMessage("unterminated_regexp", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }

  int literal_index = lexical_scope_->NextMaterializedLiteralIndex();

  Handle<String> js_pattern = NextLiteralString(TENURED);
  scanner().ScanRegExpFlags();
  Handle<String> js_flags = NextLiteralString(TENURED);
  Next();

  return new RegExpLiteral(js_pattern, js_flags, literal_index);
}


ZoneList<Expression*>* Parser::ParseArguments(bool* ok) {
  // Arguments ::
  //   '(' (AssignmentExpression)*[','] ')'

  ZoneList<Expression*>* result = new ZoneList<Expression*>(4);
  Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  bool done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
  while (!done) {
    Expression* argument = ParseAssignmentExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
    result->Add(argument);
    done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
    if (!done) Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
  }
  Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
  return result;
}


FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseFunctionLiteral(Handle<String> var_name,
                                              bool name_is_reserved,
                                              int function_token_position,
                                              FunctionLiteralType type,
                                              bool* ok) {
  // Function ::
  //   '(' FormalParameterList? ')' '{' FunctionBody '}'
  bool is_named = !var_name.is_null();

  // The name associated with this function. If it's a function expression,
  // this is the actual function name, otherwise this is the name of the
  // variable declared and initialized with the function (expression). In
  // that case, we don't have a function name (it's empty).
  Handle<String> name =
      is_named ? var_name : isolate()->factory()->empty_symbol();
  // The function name, if any.
  Handle<String> function_name = isolate()->factory()->empty_symbol();
  if (is_named && (type == EXPRESSION || type == NESTED)) {
    function_name = name;
  }

  int num_parameters = 0;
  // Parse function body.
  { Scope* scope =
        NewScope(top_scope_, Scope::FUNCTION_SCOPE, inside_with());
    LexicalScope lexical_scope(this, scope, isolate());
    top_scope_->SetScopeName(name);

    //  FormalParameterList ::
    //    '(' (Identifier)*[','] ')'
    Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
    int start_pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    Scanner::Location name_loc = Scanner::NoLocation();
    Scanner::Location dupe_loc = Scanner::NoLocation();
    Scanner::Location reserved_loc = Scanner::NoLocation();

    bool done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
    while (!done) {
      bool is_reserved = false;
      Handle<String> param_name =
          ParseIdentifierOrReservedWord(&is_reserved, CHECK_OK);

      // Store locations for possible future error reports.
      if (!name_loc.IsValid() && IsEvalOrArguments(param_name)) {
        name_loc = scanner().location();
      }
      if (!dupe_loc.IsValid() && top_scope_->IsDeclared(param_name)) {
        dupe_loc = scanner().location();
      }
      if (!reserved_loc.IsValid() && is_reserved) {
        reserved_loc = scanner().location();
      }

      Variable* parameter = top_scope_->DeclareLocal(param_name, Variable::VAR);
      top_scope_->AddParameter(parameter);
      num_parameters++;
      if (num_parameters > kMaxNumFunctionParameters) {
        ReportMessageAt(scanner().location(), "too_many_parameters",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
      if (!done) Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
    }
    Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);

    Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
    ZoneList<Statement*>* body = new ZoneList<Statement*>(8);

    // If we have a named function expression, we add a local variable
    // declaration to the body of the function with the name of the
    // function and let it refer to the function itself (closure).
    // NOTE: We create a proxy and resolve it here so that in the
    // future we can change the AST to only refer to VariableProxies
    // instead of Variables and Proxis as is the case now.
    if (!function_name.is_null() && function_name->length() > 0) {
      Variable* fvar = top_scope_->DeclareFunctionVar(function_name);
      VariableProxy* fproxy =
          top_scope_->NewUnresolved(function_name, inside_with());
      fproxy->BindTo(fvar);
      body->Add(new ExpressionStatement(
                    new Assignment(Token::INIT_CONST, fproxy,
                                   new ThisFunction(),
                                   RelocInfo::kNoPosition)));
    }

    // Determine if the function will be lazily compiled. The mode can
    // only be PARSE_LAZILY if the --lazy flag is true.
    bool is_lazily_compiled = (mode() == PARSE_LAZILY &&
                               top_scope_->outer_scope()->is_global_scope() &&
                               top_scope_->HasTrivialOuterContext() &&
                               !parenthesized_function_);
    parenthesized_function_ = false;  // The bit was set for this function only.

    int function_block_pos = scanner().location().beg_pos;
    int materialized_literal_count;
    int expected_property_count;
    int end_pos;
    bool only_simple_this_property_assignments;
    Handle<FixedArray> this_property_assignments;
    if (is_lazily_compiled && pre_data() != NULL) {
      FunctionEntry entry = pre_data()->GetFunctionEntry(function_block_pos);
      if (!entry.is_valid()) {
        ReportInvalidPreparseData(name, CHECK_OK);
      }
      end_pos = entry.end_pos();
      if (end_pos <= function_block_pos) {
        // End position greater than end of stream is safe, and hard to check.
        ReportInvalidPreparseData(name, CHECK_OK);
      }
      isolate()->counters()->total_preparse_skipped()->Increment(
          end_pos - function_block_pos);
      // Seek to position just before terminal '}'.
      scanner().SeekForward(end_pos - 1);
      materialized_literal_count = entry.literal_count();
      expected_property_count = entry.property_count();
      only_simple_this_property_assignments = false;
      this_property_assignments = isolate()->factory()->empty_fixed_array();
      Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
    } else {
      ParseSourceElements(body, Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);

      materialized_literal_count = lexical_scope.materialized_literal_count();
      expected_property_count = lexical_scope.expected_property_count();
      only_simple_this_property_assignments =
          lexical_scope.only_simple_this_property_assignments();
      this_property_assignments = lexical_scope.this_property_assignments();

      Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
      end_pos = scanner().location().end_pos;
    }

    // Validate strict mode.
    if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
      if (IsEvalOrArguments(name)) {
        int position = function_token_position != RelocInfo::kNoPosition
            ? function_token_position
            : (start_pos > 0 ? start_pos - 1 : start_pos);
        Scanner::Location location = Scanner::Location(position, start_pos);
        ReportMessageAt(location,
                        "strict_function_name", Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      if (name_loc.IsValid()) {
        ReportMessageAt(name_loc, "strict_param_name",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      if (dupe_loc.IsValid()) {
        ReportMessageAt(dupe_loc, "strict_param_dupe",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      if (name_is_reserved) {
        int position = function_token_position != RelocInfo::kNoPosition
            ? function_token_position
            : (start_pos > 0 ? start_pos - 1 : start_pos);
        Scanner::Location location = Scanner::Location(position, start_pos);
        ReportMessageAt(location, "strict_reserved_word",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      if (reserved_loc.IsValid()) {
        ReportMessageAt(reserved_loc, "strict_reserved_word",
                        Vector<const char*>::empty());
        *ok = false;
        return NULL;
      }
      CheckOctalLiteral(start_pos, end_pos, CHECK_OK);
    }

    FunctionLiteral* function_literal =
        new FunctionLiteral(name,
                            top_scope_,
                            body,
                            materialized_literal_count,
                            expected_property_count,
                            only_simple_this_property_assignments,
                            this_property_assignments,
                            num_parameters,
                            start_pos,
                            end_pos,
                            function_name->length() > 0,
                            lexical_scope.ContainsLoops());
    function_literal->set_function_token_position(function_token_position);

    if (fni_ != NULL && !is_named) fni_->AddFunction(function_literal);
    return function_literal;
  }
}


Expression* Parser::ParseV8Intrinsic(bool* ok) {
  // CallRuntime ::
  //   '%' Identifier Arguments

  Expect(Token::MOD, CHECK_OK);
  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(CHECK_OK);
  ZoneList<Expression*>* args = ParseArguments(CHECK_OK);

  if (extension_ != NULL) {
    // The extension structures are only accessible while parsing the
    // very first time not when reparsing because of lazy compilation.
    top_scope_->ForceEagerCompilation();
  }

  const Runtime::Function* function = Runtime::FunctionForSymbol(name);

  // Check for built-in IS_VAR macro.
  if (function != NULL &&
      function->intrinsic_type == Runtime::RUNTIME &&
      function->function_id == Runtime::kIS_VAR) {
    // %IS_VAR(x) evaluates to x if x is a variable,
    // leads to a parse error otherwise.  Could be implemented as an
    // inline function %_IS_VAR(x) to eliminate this special case.
    if (args->length() == 1 && args->at(0)->AsVariableProxy() != NULL) {
      return args->at(0);
    } else {
      ReportMessage("unable_to_parse", Vector<const char*>::empty());
      *ok = false;
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  // Check that the expected number of arguments are being passed.
  if (function != NULL &&
      function->nargs != -1 &&
      function->nargs != args->length()) {
    ReportMessage("illegal_access", Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
    return NULL;
  }

  // We have a valid intrinsics call or a call to a builtin.
  return new CallRuntime(name, function, args);
}


bool Parser::peek_any_identifier() {
  Token::Value next = peek();
  return next == Token::IDENTIFIER ||
         next == Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD;
}


void Parser::Consume(Token::Value token) {
  Token::Value next = Next();
  USE(next);
  USE(token);
  ASSERT(next == token);
}


void Parser::Expect(Token::Value token, bool* ok) {
  Token::Value next = Next();
  if (next == token) return;
  ReportUnexpectedToken(next);
  *ok = false;
}


bool Parser::Check(Token::Value token) {
  Token::Value next = peek();
  if (next == token) {
    Consume(next);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}


void Parser::ExpectSemicolon(bool* ok) {
  // Check for automatic semicolon insertion according to
  // the rules given in ECMA-262, section 7.9, page 21.
  Token::Value tok = peek();
  if (tok == Token::SEMICOLON) {
    Next();
    return;
  }
  if (scanner().has_line_terminator_before_next() ||
      tok == Token::RBRACE ||
      tok == Token::EOS) {
    return;
  }
  Expect(Token::SEMICOLON, ok);
}


Literal* Parser::GetLiteralUndefined() {
  return new Literal(isolate()->factory()->undefined_value());
}


Literal* Parser::GetLiteralTheHole() {
  return new Literal(isolate()->factory()->the_hole_value());
}


Literal* Parser::GetLiteralNumber(double value) {
  return NewNumberLiteral(value);
}


Handle<String> Parser::ParseIdentifier(bool* ok) {
  bool is_reserved;
  return ParseIdentifierOrReservedWord(&is_reserved, ok);
}


Handle<String> Parser::ParseIdentifierOrReservedWord(bool* is_reserved,
                                                     bool* ok) {
  *is_reserved = false;
  if (top_scope_->is_strict_mode()) {
    Expect(Token::IDENTIFIER, ok);
  } else {
    if (!Check(Token::IDENTIFIER)) {
      Expect(Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD, ok);
      *is_reserved = true;
    }
  }
  if (!*ok) return Handle<String>();
  return GetSymbol(ok);
}


Handle<String> Parser::ParseIdentifierName(bool* ok) {
  Token::Value next = Next();
  if (next != Token::IDENTIFIER &&
          next != Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD &&
          !Token::IsKeyword(next)) {
    ReportUnexpectedToken(next);
    *ok = false;
    return Handle<String>();
  }
  return GetSymbol(ok);
}


// Checks LHS expression for assignment and prefix/postfix increment/decrement
// in strict mode.
void Parser::CheckStrictModeLValue(Expression* expression,
                                   const char* error,
                                   bool* ok) {
  ASSERT(top_scope_->is_strict_mode());
  VariableProxy* lhs = expression != NULL
      ? expression->AsVariableProxy()
      : NULL;

  if (lhs != NULL && !lhs->is_this() && IsEvalOrArguments(lhs->name())) {
    ReportMessage(error, Vector<const char*>::empty());
    *ok = false;
  }
}


// Checks whether octal literal last seen is between beg_pos and end_pos.
// If so, reports an error.
void Parser::CheckOctalLiteral(int beg_pos, int end_pos, bool* ok) {
  int octal = scanner().octal_position();
  if (beg_pos <= octal && octal <= end_pos) {
    ReportMessageAt(Scanner::Location(octal, octal + 1), "strict_octal_literal",
                    Vector<const char*>::empty());
    scanner().clear_octal_position();
    *ok = false;
  }
}


// This function reads an identifier and determines whether or not it
// is 'get' or 'set'.
Handle<String> Parser::ParseIdentifierOrGetOrSet(bool* is_get,
                                                 bool* is_set,
                                                 bool* ok) {
  Handle<String> result = ParseIdentifier(ok);
  if (!*ok) return Handle<String>();
  if (scanner().is_literal_ascii() && scanner().literal_length() == 3) {
    const char* token = scanner().literal_ascii_string().start();
    *is_get = strncmp(token, "get", 3) == 0;
    *is_set = !*is_get && strncmp(token, "set", 3) == 0;
  }
  return result;
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Parser support


bool Parser::TargetStackContainsLabel(Handle<String> label) {
  for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
    BreakableStatement* stat = t->node()->AsBreakableStatement();
    if (stat != NULL && ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label))
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}


BreakableStatement* Parser::LookupBreakTarget(Handle<String> label, bool* ok) {
  bool anonymous = label.is_null();
  for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
    BreakableStatement* stat = t->node()->AsBreakableStatement();
    if (stat == NULL) continue;
    if ((anonymous && stat->is_target_for_anonymous()) ||
        (!anonymous && ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label))) {
      RegisterTargetUse(stat->break_target(), t->previous());
      return stat;
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}


IterationStatement* Parser::LookupContinueTarget(Handle<String> label,
                                                 bool* ok) {
  bool anonymous = label.is_null();
  for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
    IterationStatement* stat = t->node()->AsIterationStatement();
    if (stat == NULL) continue;

    ASSERT(stat->is_target_for_anonymous());
    if (anonymous || ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label)) {
      RegisterTargetUse(stat->continue_target(), t->previous());
      return stat;
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}


void Parser::RegisterTargetUse(BreakTarget* target, Target* stop) {
  // Register that a break target found at the given stop in the
  // target stack has been used from the top of the target stack. Add
  // the break target to any TargetCollectors passed on the stack.
  for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != stop; t = t->previous()) {
    TargetCollector* collector = t->node()->AsTargetCollector();
    if (collector != NULL) collector->AddTarget(target);
  }
}


Literal* Parser::NewNumberLiteral(double number) {
  return new Literal(isolate()->factory()->NewNumber(number, TENURED));
}


Expression* Parser::NewThrowReferenceError(Handle<String> type) {
  return NewThrowError(isolate()->factory()->MakeReferenceError_symbol(),
                       type, HandleVector<Object>(NULL, 0));
}


Expression* Parser::NewThrowSyntaxError(Handle<String> type,
                                        Handle<Object> first) {
  int argc = first.is_null() ? 0 : 1;
  Vector< Handle<Object> > arguments = HandleVector<Object>(&first, argc);
  return NewThrowError(
      isolate()->factory()->MakeSyntaxError_symbol(), type, arguments);
}


Expression* Parser::NewThrowTypeError(Handle<String> type,
                                      Handle<Object> first,
                                      Handle<Object> second) {
  ASSERT(!first.is_null() && !second.is_null());
  Handle<Object> elements[] = { first, second };
  Vector< Handle<Object> > arguments =
      HandleVector<Object>(elements, ARRAY_SIZE(elements));
  return NewThrowError(
      isolate()->factory()->MakeTypeError_symbol(), type, arguments);
}


Expression* Parser::NewThrowError(Handle<String> constructor,
                                  Handle<String> type,
                                  Vector< Handle<Object> > arguments) {
  int argc = arguments.length();
  Handle<FixedArray> elements = isolate()->factory()->NewFixedArray(argc,
                                                                    TENURED);
  for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    Handle<Object> element = arguments[i];
    if (!element.is_null()) {
      elements->set(i, *element);
    }
  }
  Handle<JSArray> array = isolate()->factory()->NewJSArrayWithElements(elements,
                                                                       TENURED);

  ZoneList<Expression*>* args = new ZoneList<Expression*>(2);
  args->Add(new Literal(type));
  args->Add(new Literal(array));
  return new Throw(new CallRuntime(constructor, NULL, args),
                   scanner().location().beg_pos);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// JSON

Handle<Object> JsonParser::ParseJson(Handle<String> script,
                                     UC16CharacterStream* source) {
  scanner_.Initialize(source);
  stack_overflow_ = false;
  Handle<Object> result = ParseJsonValue();
  if (result.is_null() || scanner_.Next() != Token::EOS) {
    if (stack_overflow_) {
      // Scanner failed.
      isolate()->StackOverflow();
    } else {
      // Parse failed. Scanner's current token is the unexpected token.
      Token::Value token = scanner_.current_token();

      const char* message;
      const char* name_opt = NULL;

      switch (token) {
        case Token::EOS:
          message = "unexpected_eos";
          break;
        case Token::NUMBER:
          message = "unexpected_token_number";
          break;
        case Token::STRING:
          message = "unexpected_token_string";
          break;
        case Token::IDENTIFIER:
        case Token::FUTURE_RESERVED_WORD:
          message = "unexpected_token_identifier";
          break;
        default:
          message = "unexpected_token";
          name_opt = Token::String(token);
          ASSERT(name_opt != NULL);
          break;
      }

      Scanner::Location source_location = scanner_.location();
      Factory* factory = isolate()->factory();
      MessageLocation location(factory->NewScript(script),
                               source_location.beg_pos,
                               source_location.end_pos);
      Handle<JSArray> array;
      if (name_opt == NULL) {
        array = factory->NewJSArray(0);
      } else {
        Handle<String> name = factory->NewStringFromUtf8(CStrVector(name_opt));
        Handle<FixedArray> element = factory->NewFixedArray(1);
        element->set(0, *name);
        array = factory->NewJSArrayWithElements(element);
      }
      Handle<Object> result = factory->NewSyntaxError(message, array);
      isolate()->Throw(*result, &location);
      return Handle<Object>::null();
    }
  }
  return result;
}


Handle<String> JsonParser::GetString() {
  int literal_length = scanner_.literal_length();
  if (literal_length == 0) {
    return isolate()->factory()->empty_string();
  }
  if (scanner_.is_literal_ascii()) {
    return isolate()->factory()->NewStringFromAscii(
        scanner_.literal_ascii_string());
  } else {
    return isolate()->factory()->NewStringFromTwoByte(
        scanner_.literal_uc16_string());
  }
}


// Parse any JSON value.
Handle<Object> JsonParser::ParseJsonValue() {
  Token::Value token = scanner_.Next();
  switch (token) {
    case Token::STRING:
      return GetString();
    case Token::NUMBER:
      return isolate()->factory()->NewNumber(scanner_.number());
    case Token::FALSE_LITERAL:
      return isolate()->factory()->false_value();
    case Token::TRUE_LITERAL:
      return isolate()->factory()->true_value();
    case Token::NULL_LITERAL:
      return isolate()->factory()->null_value();
    case Token::LBRACE:
      return ParseJsonObject();
    case Token::LBRACK:
      return ParseJsonArray();
    default:
      return ReportUnexpectedToken();
  }
}


// Parse a JSON object. Scanner must be right after '{' token.
Handle<Object> JsonParser::ParseJsonObject() {
  Handle<JSFunction> object_constructor(
      isolate()->global_context()->object_function());
  Handle<JSObject> json_object =
      isolate()->factory()->NewJSObject(object_constructor);
  if (scanner_.peek() == Token::RBRACE) {
    scanner_.Next();
  } else {
    if (StackLimitCheck(isolate()).HasOverflowed()) {
      stack_overflow_ = true;
      return Handle<Object>::null();
    }
    do {
      if (scanner_.Next() != Token::STRING) {
        return ReportUnexpectedToken();
      }
      Handle<String> key = GetString();
      if (scanner_.Next() != Token::COLON) {
        return ReportUnexpectedToken();
      }
      Handle<Object> value = ParseJsonValue();
      if (value.is_null()) return Handle<Object>::null();
      uint32_t index;
      if (key->AsArrayIndex(&index)) {
        SetOwnElement(json_object, index, value, kNonStrictMode);
      } else if (key->Equals(isolate()->heap()->Proto_symbol())) {
        // We can't remove the __proto__ accessor since it's hardcoded
        // in several places. Instead go along and add the value as
        // the prototype of the created object if possible.
        SetPrototype(json_object, value);
      } else {
        SetLocalPropertyIgnoreAttributes(json_object, key, value, NONE);
      }
    } while (scanner_.Next() == Token::COMMA);
    if (scanner_.current_token() != Token::RBRACE) {
      return ReportUnexpectedToken();
    }
  }
  return json_object;
}


// Parse a JSON array. Scanner must be right after '[' token.
Handle<Object> JsonParser::ParseJsonArray() {
  ZoneScope zone_scope(DELETE_ON_EXIT);
  ZoneList<Handle<Object> > elements(4);

  Token::Value token = scanner_.peek();
  if (token == Token::RBRACK) {
    scanner_.Next();
  } else {
    if (StackLimitCheck(isolate()).HasOverflowed()) {
      stack_overflow_ = true;
      return Handle<Object>::null();
    }
    do {
      Handle<Object> element = ParseJsonValue();
      if (element.is_null()) return Handle<Object>::null();
      elements.Add(element);
      token = scanner_.Next();
    } while (token == Token::COMMA);
    if (token != Token::RBRACK) {
      return ReportUnexpectedToken();
    }
  }

  // Allocate a fixed array with all the elements.
  Handle<FixedArray> fast_elements =
      isolate()->factory()->NewFixedArray(elements.length());

  for (int i = 0, n = elements.length(); i < n; i++) {
    fast_elements->set(i, *elements[i]);
  }

  return isolate()->factory()->NewJSArrayWithElements(fast_elements);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Regular expressions


RegExpParser::RegExpParser(FlatStringReader* in,
                           Handle<String>* error,
                           bool multiline)
    : isolate_(Isolate::Current()),
      error_(error),
      captures_(NULL),
      in_(in),
      current_(kEndMarker),
      next_pos_(0),
      capture_count_(0),
      has_more_(true),
      multiline_(multiline),
      simple_(false),
      contains_anchor_(false),
      is_scanned_for_captures_(false),
      failed_(false) {
  Advance();
}


uc32 RegExpParser::Next() {
  if (has_next()) {
    return in()->Get(next_pos_);
  } else {
    return kEndMarker;
  }
}


void RegExpParser::Advance() {
  if (next_pos_ < in()->length()) {
    StackLimitCheck check(isolate());
    if (check.HasOverflowed()) {
      ReportError(CStrVector(Isolate::kStackOverflowMessage));
    } else if (isolate()->zone()->excess_allocation()) {
      ReportError(CStrVector("Regular expression too large"));
    } else {
      current_ = in()->Get(next_pos_);
      next_pos_++;
    }
  } else {
    current_ = kEndMarker;
    has_more_ = false;
  }
}


void RegExpParser::Reset(int pos) {
  next_pos_ = pos;
  Advance();
}


void RegExpParser::Advance(int dist) {
  next_pos_ += dist - 1;
  Advance();
}


bool RegExpParser::simple() {
  return simple_;
}

RegExpTree* RegExpParser::ReportError(Vector<const char> message) {
  failed_ = true;
  *error_ = isolate()->factory()->NewStringFromAscii(message, NOT_TENURED);
  // Zip to the end to make sure the no more input is read.
  current_ = kEndMarker;
  next_pos_ = in()->length();
  return NULL;
}


// Pattern ::
//   Disjunction
RegExpTree* RegExpParser::ParsePattern() {
  RegExpTree* result = ParseDisjunction(CHECK_FAILED);
  ASSERT(!has_more());
  // If the result of parsing is a literal string atom, and it has the
  // same length as the input, then the atom is identical to the input.
  if (result->IsAtom() && result->AsAtom()->length() == in()->length()) {
    simple_ = true;
  }
  return result;
}


// Disjunction ::
//   Alternative
//   Alternative | Disjunction
// Alternative ::
//   [empty]
//   Term Alternative
// Term ::
//   Assertion
//   Atom
//   Atom Quantifier
RegExpTree* RegExpParser::ParseDisjunction() {
  // Used to store current state while parsing subexpressions.
  RegExpParserState initial_state(NULL, INITIAL, 0);
  RegExpParserState* stored_state = &initial_state;
  // Cache the builder in a local variable for quick access.
  RegExpBuilder* builder = initial_state.builder();
  while (true) {
    switch (current()) {
    case kEndMarker:
      if (stored_state->IsSubexpression()) {
        // Inside a parenthesized group when hitting end of input.
        ReportError(CStrVector("Unterminated group") CHECK_FAILED);
      }
      ASSERT_EQ(INITIAL, stored_state->group_type());
      // Parsing completed successfully.
      return builder->ToRegExp();
    case ')': {
      if (!stored_state->IsSubexpression()) {
        ReportError(CStrVector("Unmatched ')'") CHECK_FAILED);
      }
      ASSERT_NE(INITIAL, stored_state->group_type());

      Advance();
      // End disjunction parsing and convert builder content to new single
      // regexp atom.
      RegExpTree* body = builder->ToRegExp();

      int end_capture_index = captures_started();

      int capture_index = stored_state->capture_index();
      SubexpressionType type = stored_state->group_type();

      // Restore previous state.
      stored_state = stored_state->previous_state();
      builder = stored_state->builder();

      // Build result of subexpression.
      if (type == CAPTURE) {
        RegExpCapture* capture = new RegExpCapture(body, capture_index);
        captures_->at(capture_index - 1) = capture;
        body = capture;
      } else if (type != GROUPING) {
        ASSERT(type == POSITIVE_LOOKAHEAD || type == NEGATIVE_LOOKAHEAD);
        bool is_positive = (type == POSITIVE_LOOKAHEAD);
        body = new RegExpLookahead(body,
                                   is_positive,
                                   end_capture_index - capture_index,
                                   capture_index);
      }
      builder->AddAtom(body);
      // For compatability with JSC and ES3, we allow quantifiers after
      // lookaheads, and break in all cases.
      break;
    }
    case '|': {
      Advance();
      builder->NewAlternative();
      continue;
    }
    case '*':
    case '+':
    case '?':
      return ReportError(CStrVector("Nothing to repeat"));
    case '^': {
      Advance();
      if (multiline_) {
        builder->AddAssertion(
            new RegExpAssertion(RegExpAssertion::START_OF_LINE));
      } else {
        builder->AddAssertion(
            new RegExpAssertion(RegExpAssertion::START_OF_INPUT));
        set_contains_anchor();
      }
      continue;
    }
    case '$': {
      Advance();
      RegExpAssertion::Type type =
          multiline_ ? RegExpAssertion::END_OF_LINE :
                       RegExpAssertion::END_OF_INPUT;
      builder->AddAssertion(new RegExpAssertion(type));
      continue;
    }
    case '.': {
      Advance();
      // everything except \x0a, \x0d, \u2028 and \u2029
      ZoneList<CharacterRange>* ranges = new ZoneList<CharacterRange>(2);
      CharacterRange::AddClassEscape('.', ranges);
      RegExpTree* atom = new RegExpCharacterClass(ranges, false);
      builder->AddAtom(atom);
      break;
    }
    case '(': {
      SubexpressionType type = CAPTURE;
      Advance();
      if (current() == '?') {
        switch (Next()) {
          case ':':
            type = GROUPING;
            break;
          case '=':
            type = POSITIVE_LOOKAHEAD;
            break;
          case '!':
            type = NEGATIVE_LOOKAHEAD;
            break;
          default:
            ReportError(CStrVector("Invalid group") CHECK_FAILED);
            break;
        }
        Advance(2);
      } else {
        if (captures_ == NULL) {
          captures_ = new ZoneList<RegExpCapture*>(2);
        }
        if (captures_started() >= kMaxCaptures) {
          ReportError(CStrVector("Too many captures") CHECK_FAILED);
        }
        captures_->Add(NULL);
      }
      // Store current state and begin new disjunction parsing.
      stored_state = new RegExpParserState(stored_state,
                                           type,
                                           captures_started());
      builder = stored_state->builder();
      continue;
    }
    case '[': {
      RegExpTree* atom = ParseCharacterClass(CHECK_FAILED);
      builder->AddAtom(atom);
      break;
    }
    // Atom ::
    //   \ AtomEscape
    case '\\':
      switch (Next()) {
      case kEndMarker:
        return ReportError(CStrVector("\\ at end of pattern"));
      case 'b':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddAssertion(
            new RegExpAssertion(RegExpAssertion::BOUNDARY));
        continue;
      case 'B':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddAssertion(
            new RegExpAssertion(RegExpAssertion::NON_BOUNDARY));
        continue;
      // AtomEscape ::
      //   CharacterClassEscape
      //
      // CharacterClassEscape :: one of
      //   d D s S w W
      case 'd': case 'D': case 's': case 'S': case 'w': case 'W': {
        uc32 c = Next();
        Advance(2);
        ZoneList<CharacterRange>* ranges = new ZoneList<CharacterRange>(2);
        CharacterRange::AddClassEscape(c, ranges);
        RegExpTree* atom = new RegExpCharacterClass(ranges, false);
        builder->AddAtom(atom);
        break;
      }
      case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6':
      case '7': case '8': case '9': {
        int index = 0;
        if (ParseBackReferenceIndex(&index)) {
          RegExpCapture* capture = NULL;
          if (captures_ != NULL && index <= captures_->length()) {
            capture = captures_->at(index - 1);
          }
          if (capture == NULL) {
            builder->AddEmpty();
            break;
          }
          RegExpTree* atom = new RegExpBackReference(capture);
          builder->AddAtom(atom);
          break;
        }
        uc32 first_digit = Next();
        if (first_digit == '8' || first_digit == '9') {
          // Treat as identity escape
          builder->AddCharacter(first_digit);
          Advance(2);
          break;
        }
      }
      // FALLTHROUGH
      case '0': {
        Advance();
        uc32 octal = ParseOctalLiteral();
        builder->AddCharacter(octal);
        break;
      }
      // ControlEscape :: one of
      //   f n r t v
      case 'f':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddCharacter('\f');
        break;
      case 'n':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddCharacter('\n');
        break;
      case 'r':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddCharacter('\r');
        break;
      case 't':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddCharacter('\t');
        break;
      case 'v':
        Advance(2);
        builder->AddCharacter('\v');
        break;
      case 'c': {
        Advance();
        uc32 controlLetter = Next();
        // Special case if it is an ASCII letter.
        // Convert lower case letters to uppercase.
        uc32 letter = controlLetter & ~('a' ^ 'A');
        if (letter < 'A' || 'Z' < letter) {
          // controlLetter is not in range 'A'-'Z' or 'a'-'z'.
          // This is outside the specification. We match JSC in
          // reading the backslash as a literal character instead
          // of as starting an escape.
          builder->AddCharacter('\\');
        } else {
          Advance(2);
          builder->AddCharacter(controlLetter & 0x1f);
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'x': {
        Advance(2);
        uc32 value;
        if (ParseHexEscape(2, &value)) {
          builder->AddCharacter(value);
        } else {
          builder->AddCharacter('x');
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'u': {
        Advance(2);
        uc32 value;
        if (ParseHexEscape(4, &value)) {
          builder->AddCharacter(value);
        } else {
          builder->AddCharacter('u');
        }
        break;
      }
      default:
        // Identity escape.
        builder->AddCharacter(Next());
        Advance(2);
        break;
      }
      break;
    case '{': {
      int dummy;
      if (ParseIntervalQuantifier(&dummy, &dummy)) {
        ReportError(CStrVector("Nothing to repeat") CHECK_FAILED);
      }
      // fallthrough
    }
    default:
      builder->AddCharacter(current());
      Advance();
      break;
    }  // end switch(current())

    int min;
    int max;
    switch (current()) {
    // QuantifierPrefix ::
    //   *
    //   +
    //   ?
    //   {
    case '*':
      min = 0;
      max = RegExpTree::kInfinity;
      Advance();
      break;
    case '+':
      min = 1;
      max = RegExpTree::kInfinity;
      Advance();
      break;
    case '?':
      min = 0;
      max = 1;
      Advance();
      break;
    case '{':
      if (ParseIntervalQuantifier(&min, &max)) {
        if (max < min) {
          ReportError(CStrVector("numbers out of order in {} quantifier.")
                      CHECK_FAILED);
        }
        break;
      } else {
        continue;
      }
    default:
      continue;
    }
    RegExpQuantifier::Type type = RegExpQuantifier::GREEDY;
    if (current() == '?') {
      type = RegExpQuantifier::NON_GREEDY;
      Advance();
    } else if (FLAG_regexp_possessive_quantifier && current() == '+') {
      // FLAG_regexp_possessive_quantifier is a debug-only flag.
      type = RegExpQuantifier::POSSESSIVE;
      Advance();
    }
    builder->AddQuantifierToAtom(min, max, type);
  }
}


#ifdef DEBUG
// Currently only used in an ASSERT.
static bool IsSpecialClassEscape(uc32 c) {
  switch (c) {
    case 'd': case 'D':
    case 's': case 'S':
    case 'w': case 'W':
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
  }
}
#endif


// In order to know whether an escape is a backreference or not we have to scan
// the entire regexp and find the number of capturing parentheses.  However we
// don't want to scan the regexp twice unless it is necessary.  This mini-parser
// is called when needed.  It can see the difference between capturing and
// noncapturing parentheses and can skip character classes and backslash-escaped
// characters.
void RegExpParser::ScanForCaptures() {
  // Start with captures started previous to current position
  int capture_count = captures_started();
  // Add count of captures after this position.
  int n;
  while ((n = current()) != kEndMarker) {
    Advance();
    switch (n) {
      case '\\':
        Advance();
        break;
      case '[': {
        int c;
        while ((c = current()) != kEndMarker) {
          Advance();
          if (c == '\\') {
            Advance();
          } else {
            if (c == ']') break;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
      case '(':
        if (current() != '?') capture_count++;
        break;
    }
  }
  capture_count_ = capture_count;
  is_scanned_for_captures_ = true;
}


bool RegExpParser::ParseBackReferenceIndex(int* index_out) {
  ASSERT_EQ('\\', current());
  ASSERT('1' <= Next() && Next() <= '9');
  // Try to parse a decimal literal that is no greater than the total number
  // of left capturing parentheses in the input.
  int start = position();
  int value = Next() - '0';
  Advance(2);
  while (true) {
    uc32 c = current();
    if (IsDecimalDigit(c)) {
      value = 10 * value + (c - '0');
      if (value > kMaxCaptures) {
        Reset(start);
        return false;
      }
      Advance();
    } else {
      break;
    }
  }
  if (value > captures_started()) {
    if (!is_scanned_for_captures_) {
      int saved_position = position();
      ScanForCaptures();
      Reset(saved_position);
    }
    if (value > capture_count_) {
      Reset(start);
      return false;
    }
  }
  *index_out = value;
  return true;
}


// QuantifierPrefix ::
//   { DecimalDigits }
//   { DecimalDigits , }
//   { DecimalDigits , DecimalDigits }
//
// Returns true if parsing succeeds, and set the min_out and max_out
// values. Values are truncated to RegExpTree::kInfinity if they overflow.
bool RegExpParser::ParseIntervalQuantifier(int* min_out, int* max_out) {
  ASSERT_EQ(current(), '{');
  int start = position();
  Advance();
  int min = 0;
  if (!IsDecimalDigit(current())) {
    Reset(start);
    return false;
  }
  while (IsDecimalDigit(current())) {
    int next = current() - '0';
    if (min > (RegExpTree::kInfinity - next) / 10) {
      // Overflow. Skip past remaining decimal digits and return -1.
      do {
        Advance();
      } while (IsDecimalDigit(current()));
      min = RegExpTree::kInfinity;
      break;
    }
    min = 10 * min + next;
    Advance();
  }
  int max = 0;
  if (current() == '}') {
    max = min;
    Advance();
  } else if (current() == ',') {
    Advance();
    if (current() == '}') {
      max = RegExpTree::kInfinity;
      Advance();
    } else {
      while (IsDecimalDigit(current())) {
        int next = current() - '0';
        if (max > (RegExpTree::kInfinity - next) / 10) {
          do {
            Advance();
          } while (IsDecimalDigit(current()));
          max = RegExpTree::kInfinity;
          break;
        }
        max = 10 * max + next;
        Advance();
      }
      if (current() != '}') {
        Reset(start);
        return false;
      }
      Advance();
    }
  } else {
    Reset(start);
    return false;
  }
  *min_out = min;
  *max_out = max;
  return true;
}


uc32 RegExpParser::ParseOctalLiteral() {
  ASSERT('0' <= current() && current() <= '7');
  // For compatibility with some other browsers (not all), we parse
  // up to three octal digits with a value below 256.
  uc32 value = current() - '0';
  Advance();
  if ('0' <= current() && current() <= '7') {
    value = value * 8 + current() - '0';
    Advance();
    if (value < 32 && '0' <= current() && current() <= '7') {
      value = value * 8 + current() - '0';
      Advance();
    }
  }
  return value;
}


bool RegExpParser::ParseHexEscape(int length, uc32 *value) {
  int start = position();
  uc32 val = 0;
  bool done = false;
  for (int i = 0; !done; i++) {
    uc32 c = current();
    int d = HexValue(c);
    if (d < 0) {
      Reset(start);
      return false;
    }
    val = val * 16 + d;
    Advance();
    if (i == length - 1) {
      done = true;
    }
  }
  *value = val;
  return true;
}


uc32 RegExpParser::ParseClassCharacterEscape() {
  ASSERT(current() == '\\');
  ASSERT(has_next() && !IsSpecialClassEscape(Next()));
  Advance();
  switch (current()) {
    case 'b':
      Advance();
      return '\b';
    // ControlEscape :: one of
    //   f n r t v
    case 'f':
      Advance();
      return '\f';
    case 'n':
      Advance();
      return '\n';
    case 'r':
      Advance();
      return '\r';
    case 't':
      Advance();
      return '\t';
    case 'v':
      Advance();
      return '\v';
    case 'c': {
      uc32 controlLetter = Next();
      uc32 letter = controlLetter & ~('A' ^ 'a');
      // For compatibility with JSC, inside a character class
      // we also accept digits and underscore as control characters.
      if ((controlLetter >= '0' && controlLetter <= '9') ||
          controlLetter == '_' ||
          (letter >= 'A' && letter <= 'Z')) {
        Advance(2);
        // Control letters mapped to ASCII control characters in the range
        // 0x00-0x1f.
        return controlLetter & 0x1f;
      }
      // We match JSC in reading the backslash as a literal
      // character instead of as starting an escape.
      return '\\';
    }
    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
    case '6': case '7':
      // For compatibility, we interpret a decimal escape that isn't
      // a back reference (and therefore either \0 or not valid according
      // to the specification) as a 1..3 digit octal character code.
      return ParseOctalLiteral();
    case 'x': {
      Advance();
      uc32 value;
      if (ParseHexEscape(2, &value)) {
        return value;
      }
      // If \x is not followed by a two-digit hexadecimal, treat it
      // as an identity escape.
      return 'x';
    }
    case 'u': {
      Advance();
      uc32 value;
      if (ParseHexEscape(4, &value)) {
        return value;
      }
      // If \u is not followed by a four-digit hexadecimal, treat it
      // as an identity escape.
      return 'u';
    }
    default: {
      // Extended identity escape. We accept any character that hasn't
      // been matched by a more specific case, not just the subset required
      // by the ECMAScript specification.
      uc32 result = current();
      Advance();
      return result;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}


CharacterRange RegExpParser::ParseClassAtom(uc16* char_class) {
  ASSERT_EQ(0, *char_class);
  uc32 first = current();
  if (first == '\\') {
    switch (Next()) {
      case 'w': case 'W': case 'd': case 'D': case 's': case 'S': {
        *char_class = Next();
        Advance(2);
        return CharacterRange::Singleton(0);  // Return dummy value.
      }
      case kEndMarker:
        return ReportError(CStrVector("\\ at end of pattern"));
      default:
        uc32 c = ParseClassCharacterEscape(CHECK_FAILED);
        return CharacterRange::Singleton(c);
    }
  } else {
    Advance();
    return CharacterRange::Singleton(first);
  }
}


static const uc16 kNoCharClass = 0;

// Adds range or pre-defined character class to character ranges.
// If char_class is not kInvalidClass, it's interpreted as a class
// escape (i.e., 's' means whitespace, from '\s').
static inline void AddRangeOrEscape(ZoneList<CharacterRange>* ranges,
                                    uc16 char_class,
                                    CharacterRange range) {
  if (char_class != kNoCharClass) {
    CharacterRange::AddClassEscape(char_class, ranges);
  } else {
    ranges->Add(range);
  }
}


RegExpTree* RegExpParser::ParseCharacterClass() {
  static const char* kUnterminated = "Unterminated character class";
  static const char* kRangeOutOfOrder = "Range out of order in character class";

  ASSERT_EQ(current(), '[');
  Advance();
  bool is_negated = false;
  if (current() == '^') {
    is_negated = true;
    Advance();
  }
  ZoneList<CharacterRange>* ranges = new ZoneList<CharacterRange>(2);
  while (has_more() && current() != ']') {
    uc16 char_class = kNoCharClass;
    CharacterRange first = ParseClassAtom(&char_class CHECK_FAILED);
    if (current() == '-') {
      Advance();
      if (current() == kEndMarker) {
        // If we reach the end we break out of the loop and let the
        // following code report an error.
        break;
      } else if (current() == ']') {
        AddRangeOrEscape(ranges, char_class, first);
        ranges->Add(CharacterRange::Singleton('-'));
        break;
      }
      uc16 char_class_2 = kNoCharClass;
      CharacterRange next = ParseClassAtom(&char_class_2 CHECK_FAILED);
      if (char_class != kNoCharClass || char_class_2 != kNoCharClass) {
        // Either end is an escaped character class. Treat the '-' verbatim.
        AddRangeOrEscape(ranges, char_class, first);
        ranges->Add(CharacterRange::Singleton('-'));
        AddRangeOrEscape(ranges, char_class_2, next);
        continue;
      }
      if (first.from() > next.to()) {
        return ReportError(CStrVector(kRangeOutOfOrder) CHECK_FAILED);
      }
      ranges->Add(CharacterRange::Range(first.from(), next.to()));
    } else {
      AddRangeOrEscape(ranges, char_class, first);
    }
  }
  if (!has_more()) {
    return ReportError(CStrVector(kUnterminated) CHECK_FAILED);
  }
  Advance();
  if (ranges->length() == 0) {
    ranges->Add(CharacterRange::Everything());
    is_negated = !is_negated;
  }
  return new RegExpCharacterClass(ranges, is_negated);
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The Parser interface.

ParserMessage::~ParserMessage() {
  for (int i = 0; i < args().length(); i++)
    DeleteArray(args()[i]);
  DeleteArray(args().start());
}


ScriptDataImpl::~ScriptDataImpl() {
  if (owns_store_) store_.Dispose();
}


int ScriptDataImpl::Length() {
  return store_.length() * sizeof(unsigned);
}


const char* ScriptDataImpl::Data() {
  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(store_.start());
}


bool ScriptDataImpl::HasError() {
  return has_error();
}


void ScriptDataImpl::Initialize() {
  // Prepares state for use.
  if (store_.length() >= PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize) {
    function_index_ = PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize;
    int symbol_data_offset = PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize
        + store_[PreparseDataConstants::kFunctionsSizeOffset];
    if (store_.length() > symbol_data_offset) {
      symbol_data_ = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(&store_[symbol_data_offset]);
    } else {
      // Partial preparse causes no symbol information.
      symbol_data_ = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(&store_[0] + store_.length());
    }
    symbol_data_end_ = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(&store_[0] + store_.length());
  }
}


int ScriptDataImpl::ReadNumber(byte** source) {
  // Reads a number from symbol_data_ in base 128. The most significant
  // bit marks that there are more digits.
  // If the first byte is 0x80 (kNumberTerminator), it would normally
  // represent a leading zero. Since that is useless, and therefore won't
  // appear as the first digit of any actual value, it is used to
  // mark the end of the input stream.
  byte* data = *source;
  if (data >= symbol_data_end_) return -1;
  byte input = *data;
  if (input == PreparseDataConstants::kNumberTerminator) {
    // End of stream marker.
    return -1;
  }
  int result = input & 0x7f;
  data++;
  while ((input & 0x80u) != 0) {
    if (data >= symbol_data_end_) return -1;
    input = *data;
    result = (result << 7) | (input & 0x7f);
    data++;
  }
  *source = data;
  return result;
}


// Create a Scanner for the preparser to use as input, and preparse the source.
static ScriptDataImpl* DoPreParse(UC16CharacterStream* source,
                                  bool allow_lazy,
                                  ParserRecorder* recorder) {
  Isolate* isolate = Isolate::Current();
  V8JavaScriptScanner scanner(isolate->scanner_constants());
  scanner.Initialize(source);
  intptr_t stack_limit = isolate->stack_guard()->real_climit();
  if (!preparser::PreParser::PreParseProgram(&scanner,
                                             recorder,
                                             allow_lazy,
                                             stack_limit)) {
    isolate->StackOverflow();
    return NULL;
  }

  // Extract the accumulated data from the recorder as a single
  // contiguous vector that we are responsible for disposing.
  Vector<unsigned> store = recorder->ExtractData();
  return new ScriptDataImpl(store);
}


// Preparse, but only collect data that is immediately useful,
// even if the preparser data is only used once.
ScriptDataImpl* ParserApi::PartialPreParse(UC16CharacterStream* source,
                                           v8::Extension* extension) {
  bool allow_lazy = FLAG_lazy && (extension == NULL);
  if (!allow_lazy) {
    // Partial preparsing is only about lazily compiled functions.
    // If we don't allow lazy compilation, the log data will be empty.
    return NULL;
  }
  PartialParserRecorder recorder;
  return DoPreParse(source, allow_lazy, &recorder);
}


ScriptDataImpl* ParserApi::PreParse(UC16CharacterStream* source,
                                    v8::Extension* extension) {
  Handle<Script> no_script;
  bool allow_lazy = FLAG_lazy && (extension == NULL);
  CompleteParserRecorder recorder;
  return DoPreParse(source, allow_lazy, &recorder);
}


bool RegExpParser::ParseRegExp(FlatStringReader* input,
                               bool multiline,
                               RegExpCompileData* result) {
  ASSERT(result != NULL);
  RegExpParser parser(input, &result->error, multiline);
  RegExpTree* tree = parser.ParsePattern();
  if (parser.failed()) {
    ASSERT(tree == NULL);
    ASSERT(!result->error.is_null());
  } else {
    ASSERT(tree != NULL);
    ASSERT(result->error.is_null());
    result->tree = tree;
    int capture_count = parser.captures_started();
    result->simple = tree->IsAtom() && parser.simple() && capture_count == 0;
    result->contains_anchor = parser.contains_anchor();
    result->capture_count = capture_count;
  }
  return !parser.failed();
}


bool ParserApi::Parse(CompilationInfo* info) {
  ASSERT(info->function() == NULL);
  FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;
  Handle<Script> script = info->script();
  if (info->is_lazy()) {
    Parser parser(script, true, NULL, NULL);
    result = parser.ParseLazy(info);
  } else {
    bool allow_natives_syntax =
        info->allows_natives_syntax() || FLAG_allow_natives_syntax;
    ScriptDataImpl* pre_data = info->pre_parse_data();
    Parser parser(script, allow_natives_syntax, info->extension(), pre_data);
    if (pre_data != NULL && pre_data->has_error()) {
      Scanner::Location loc = pre_data->MessageLocation();
      const char* message = pre_data->BuildMessage();
      Vector<const char*> args = pre_data->BuildArgs();
      parser.ReportMessageAt(loc, message, args);
      DeleteArray(message);
      for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
        DeleteArray(args[i]);
      }
      DeleteArray(args.start());
      ASSERT(info->isolate()->has_pending_exception());
    } else {
      Handle<String> source = Handle<String>(String::cast(script->source()));
      result = parser.ParseProgram(source,
                                   info->is_global(),
                                   info->StrictMode());
    }
  }

  info->SetFunction(result);
  return (result != NULL);
}

} }  // namespace v8::internal