diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
index 016af58..0b93ad0 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 interface INfcAdapter
 {
     INfcTag getNfcTagInterface();
-    INfcAdapterExtras getNfcAdapterExtrasInterface();
+    INfcAdapterExtras getNfcAdapterExtrasInterface(in String pkg);
 
     int getState();
     boolean disable();
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapterExtras.aidl b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapterExtras.aidl
index 0c2a2fd..2b9d4f0 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapterExtras.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapterExtras.aidl
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@
  * {@hide}
  */
 interface INfcAdapterExtras {
-    Bundle open(IBinder b);
-    Bundle close();
-    Bundle transceive(in byte[] data_in);
-    int getCardEmulationRoute();
-    void setCardEmulationRoute(int route);
-    void authenticate(in byte[] token);
+    Bundle open(in String pkg, IBinder b);
+    Bundle close(in String pkg, IBinder b);
+    Bundle transceive(in String pkg, in byte[] data_in);
+    int getCardEmulationRoute(in String pkg);
+    void setCardEmulationRoute(in String pkg, int route);
+    void authenticate(in String pkg, in byte[] token);
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
index fe0106d..a9f1685 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.nfc;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
 import android.app.Activity;
@@ -197,15 +199,21 @@
     static INfcTag sTagService;
 
     /**
-     * NfcAdapter is currently a singleton, and does not require a context.
-     * However all the public API's are future-proofed to require a context.
-     * If we start using that then we'll need to keep a HashMap of
-     * Context.getApplicationContext() -> NfcAdapter, such that NfcAdapter
-     * is a singleton within each application context.
+     * The NfcAdapter object for each application context.
+     * There is a 1-1 relationship between application context and
+     * NfcAdapter object.
      */
-    static NfcAdapter sSingleton;  // protected by NfcAdapter.class
+    static HashMap<Context, NfcAdapter> sNfcAdapters = new HashMap(); //guard by NfcAdapter.class
+
+    /**
+     * NfcAdapter used with a null context. This ctor was deprecated but we have
+     * to support it for backwards compatibility. New methods that require context
+     * might throw when called on the null-context NfcAdapter.
+     */
+    static NfcAdapter sNullContextNfcAdapter;  // protected by NfcAdapter.class
 
     final NfcActivityManager mNfcActivityManager;
+    final Context mContext;
 
     /**
      * A callback to be invoked when the system successfully delivers your {@link NdefMessage}
@@ -280,12 +288,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the singleton, or throws if NFC is not available.
+     * Returns the NfcAdapter for application context,
+     * or throws if NFC is not available.
+     * @hide
      */
-    static synchronized NfcAdapter getSingleton() {
+    public static synchronized NfcAdapter getNfcAdapter(Context context) {
         if (!sIsInitialized) {
-            sIsInitialized = true;
-
             /* is this device meant to have NFC */
             if (!hasNfcFeature()) {
                 Log.v(TAG, "this device does not have NFC support");
@@ -303,12 +311,21 @@
                 Log.e(TAG, "could not retrieve NFC Tag service");
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
             }
-            sSingleton = new NfcAdapter();
+
+            sIsInitialized = true;
         }
-        if (sSingleton == null) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        if (context == null) {
+            if (sNullContextNfcAdapter == null) {
+                sNullContextNfcAdapter = new NfcAdapter(null);
+            }
+            return sNullContextNfcAdapter;
         }
-        return sSingleton;
+        NfcAdapter adapter = sNfcAdapters.get(context);
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            adapter = new NfcAdapter(context);
+            sNfcAdapters.put(context, adapter);
+        }
+        return adapter;
     }
 
     /** get handle to NFC service interface */
@@ -336,6 +353,10 @@
      * @return the default NFC adapter, or null if no NFC adapter exists
      */
     public static NfcAdapter getDefaultAdapter(Context context) {
+        if (context == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("context cannot be null");
+        }
+        context = context.getApplicationContext();
         /* use getSystemService() instead of just instantiating to take
          * advantage of the context's cached NfcManager & NfcAdapter */
         NfcManager manager = (NfcManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NFC_SERVICE);
@@ -343,25 +364,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a handle to the default NFC Adapter on this Android device.
-     * <p>
-     * Most Android devices will only have one NFC Adapter (NFC Controller).
-     *
-     * @return the default NFC adapter, or null if no NFC adapter exists
+     * Legacy NfcAdapter getter, always use {@link #getDefaultAdapter(Context)} instead.<p>
+     * This method was deprecated at API level 10 (Gingerbread MR1) because a context is required
+     * for many NFC API methods. Those methods will fail when called on an NfcAdapter
+     * object created from this method.<p>
      * @deprecated use {@link #getDefaultAdapter(Context)}
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static NfcAdapter getDefaultAdapter() {
         Log.w(TAG, "WARNING: NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter() is deprecated, use " +
                 "NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(Context) instead", new Exception());
-        return getSingleton();
+
+        return NfcAdapter.getNfcAdapter(null);
+    }
+
+    NfcAdapter(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mNfcActivityManager = new NfcActivityManager(this);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Does not currently need a context.
+     * @hide
      */
-    NfcAdapter() {
-        mNfcActivityManager = new NfcActivityManager(this);
+    public Context getContext() {
+        return mContext;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -875,8 +901,12 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public INfcAdapterExtras getNfcAdapterExtrasInterface() {
+        if (mContext == null) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("You need a context on NfcAdapter to use the "
+                    + " NFC extras APIs");
+        }
         try {
-            return sService.getNfcAdapterExtrasInterface();
+            return sService.getNfcAdapterExtrasInterface(mContext.getPackageName());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
             return null;
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcManager.java b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcManager.java
index 300ab45..6ec2e21 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcManager.java
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@
      */
     public NfcManager(Context context) {
         NfcAdapter adapter;
+        context = context.getApplicationContext();
         try {
-            adapter = NfcAdapter.getSingleton();
+            adapter = NfcAdapter.getNfcAdapter(context);
         } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             adapter = null;
         }
diff --git a/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcAdapterExtras.java b/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcAdapterExtras.java
index 99cbb86..62213de 100644
--- a/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcAdapterExtras.java
+++ b/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcAdapterExtras.java
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.nfc_extras;
 
-import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
-import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.nfc.INfcAdapterExtras;
 import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -60,10 +59,14 @@
     // best effort recovery
     private static NfcAdapter sAdapter;
     private static INfcAdapterExtras sService;
-    private static NfcAdapterExtras sSingleton;
-    private static NfcExecutionEnvironment sEmbeddedEe;
-    private static CardEmulationRoute sRouteOff;
-    private static CardEmulationRoute sRouteOnWhenScreenOn;
+    private static final CardEmulationRoute ROUTE_OFF =
+            new CardEmulationRoute(CardEmulationRoute.ROUTE_OFF, null);
+
+    private final NfcExecutionEnvironment mEmbeddedEe;
+    private final CardEmulationRoute mRouteOnWhenScreenOn;
+
+    final Context mContext;
+    final String mPackageName;
 
     /** get service handles */
     private static void initService() {
@@ -84,31 +87,35 @@
      * @return the {@link NfcAdapterExtras} object for the given {@link NfcAdapter}
      */
     public static NfcAdapterExtras get(NfcAdapter adapter) {
-        synchronized(NfcAdapterExtras.class) {
-            if (sSingleton == null) {
+        Context context = adapter.getContext();
+        if (context == null) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "You must pass a context to your NfcAdapter to use the NFC extras APIs");
+        }
+
+        synchronized (NfcAdapterExtras.class) {
+            if (sService == null) {
                 try {
                     sAdapter = adapter;
-                    sSingleton = new NfcAdapterExtras();
-                    sEmbeddedEe = new NfcExecutionEnvironment(sSingleton);
-                    sRouteOff = new CardEmulationRoute(CardEmulationRoute.ROUTE_OFF, null);
-                    sRouteOnWhenScreenOn = new CardEmulationRoute(
-                            CardEmulationRoute.ROUTE_ON_WHEN_SCREEN_ON, sEmbeddedEe);
                     initService();
                 } finally {
                     if (sService == null) {
-                        sRouteOnWhenScreenOn = null;
-                        sRouteOff = null;
-                        sEmbeddedEe = null;
-                        sSingleton = null;
                         sAdapter = null;
                     }
                 }
             }
-            return sSingleton;
         }
+
+        return new NfcAdapterExtras(context);
     }
 
-    private NfcAdapterExtras() {}
+    private NfcAdapterExtras(Context context) {
+        mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
+        mPackageName = context.getPackageName();
+        mEmbeddedEe = new NfcExecutionEnvironment(this);
+        mRouteOnWhenScreenOn = new CardEmulationRoute(CardEmulationRoute.ROUTE_ON_WHEN_SCREEN_ON,
+                mEmbeddedEe);
+    }
 
     /**
      * Immutable data class that describes a card emulation route.
@@ -166,18 +173,16 @@
      *
      * <p class="note">
      * Requires the {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS} permission.
-     *
-     * @return
      */
     public CardEmulationRoute getCardEmulationRoute() {
         try {
-            int route = sService.getCardEmulationRoute();
+            int route = sService.getCardEmulationRoute(mPackageName);
             return route == CardEmulationRoute.ROUTE_OFF ?
-                    sRouteOff :
-                    sRouteOnWhenScreenOn;
+                    ROUTE_OFF :
+                    mRouteOnWhenScreenOn;
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
-            return sRouteOff;
+            return ROUTE_OFF;
         }
     }
 
@@ -189,11 +194,11 @@
      * <p class="note">
      * Requires the {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS} permission.
      *
-     * @param route a {@link #CardEmulationRoute}
+     * @param route a {@link CardEmulationRoute}
      */
     public void setCardEmulationRoute(CardEmulationRoute route) {
         try {
-            sService.setCardEmulationRoute(route.route);
+            sService.setCardEmulationRoute(mPackageName, route.route);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
         }
@@ -201,7 +206,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Get the {@link NfcExecutionEnvironment} that is embedded with the
-     * {@link NFcAdapter}.
+     * {@link NfcAdapter}.
      *
      * <p class="note">
      * Requires the {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS} permission.
@@ -209,7 +214,7 @@
      * @return a {@link NfcExecutionEnvironment}, or null if there is no embedded NFC-EE
      */
     public NfcExecutionEnvironment getEmbeddedExecutionEnvironment() {
-        return sEmbeddedEe;
+        return mEmbeddedEe;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -218,12 +223,12 @@
      * Some implementations of NFC Adapter Extras may require applications
      * to authenticate with a token, before using other methods.
      *
-     * @param a implementation specific token
-     * @throws a {@link java.lang.SecurityException} if authentication failed
+     * @param token a implementation specific token
+     * @throws java.lang.SecurityException if authentication failed
      */
     public void authenticate(byte[] token) {
         try {
-            sService.authenticate(token);
+            sService.authenticate(mPackageName, token);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
         }
diff --git a/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcExecutionEnvironment.java b/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcExecutionEnvironment.java
index 63c2de2..f47327a 100644
--- a/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcExecutionEnvironment.java
+++ b/nfc-extras/java/com/android/nfc_extras/NfcExecutionEnvironment.java
@@ -16,20 +16,17 @@
 
 package com.android.nfc_extras;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.nfc.INfcAdapterExtras;
-import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 public class NfcExecutionEnvironment {
     private final NfcAdapterExtras mExtras;
+    private final Binder mToken;
 
     /**
      * Broadcast Action: An ISO-DEP AID was selected.
@@ -115,6 +112,7 @@
 
     NfcExecutionEnvironment(NfcAdapterExtras extras) {
         mExtras = extras;
+        mToken = new Binder();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@
      */
     public void open() throws IOException {
         try {
-            Bundle b = mExtras.getService().open(new Binder());
+            Bundle b = mExtras.getService().open(mExtras.mPackageName, mToken);
             throwBundle(b);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             mExtras.attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
@@ -151,7 +149,7 @@
      */
     public void close() throws IOException {
         try {
-            throwBundle(mExtras.getService().close());
+            throwBundle(mExtras.getService().close(mExtras.mPackageName, mToken));
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             mExtras.attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
             throw new IOException("NFC Service was dead");
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@
     public byte[] transceive(byte[] in) throws IOException {
         Bundle b;
         try {
-            b = mExtras.getService().transceive(in);
+            b = mExtras.getService().transceive(mExtras.mPackageName, in);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             mExtras.attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
             throw new IOException("NFC Service was dead, need to re-open");