diff --git a/RenderScript.h b/RenderScript.h
index e63cc9b..d078d46 100644
--- a/RenderScript.h
+++ b/RenderScript.h
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
 
 
 // Async commands for returning new IDS
-void * rsaTypeCreate(RsContext, RsElement, uint32_t dimCount,
+RsType rsaTypeCreate(RsContext, RsElement, uint32_t dimCount,
                      const RsDimension *dims, const uint32_t *vals);
 
 
diff --git a/rsAdapter.cpp b/rsAdapter.cpp
index ef69b75..1d1425c 100644
--- a/rsAdapter.cpp
+++ b/rsAdapter.cpp
@@ -27,15 +27,11 @@
 
 Adapter1D::Adapter1D(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     reset();
 }
 
 Adapter1D::Adapter1D(Context *rsc, Allocation *a) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     reset();
     setAllocation(a);
 }
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@
 
 void Adapter1D::serialize(OStream *stream) const
 {
-    
+
 }
 
 Adapter1D *Adapter1D::createFromStream(Context *rsc, IStream *stream)
@@ -145,15 +141,11 @@
 
 Adapter2D::Adapter2D(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     reset();
 }
 
 Adapter2D::Adapter2D(Context *rsc, Allocation *a) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     reset();
     setAllocation(a);
 }
@@ -200,7 +192,7 @@
 
 void Adapter2D::serialize(OStream *stream) const
 {
-    
+
 }
 
 Adapter2D *Adapter2D::createFromStream(Context *rsc, IStream *stream)
diff --git a/rsAllocation.cpp b/rsAllocation.cpp
index 6748bb4..fc41a72 100644
--- a/rsAllocation.cpp
+++ b/rsAllocation.cpp
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@
 
 void Allocation::init(Context *rsc, const Type *type)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mPtr = NULL;
 
     mCpuWrite = false;
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@
     uint32_t dataSize = stream->loadU32();
     if(dataSize != type->getSizeBytes()) {
         LOGE("failed to read allocation because numbytes written is not the same loaded type wants\n");
-        delete type;
+        ObjectBase::checkDelete(type);
         return NULL;
     }
 
diff --git a/rsElement.cpp b/rsElement.cpp
index 9e6fbd5..dc021fc 100644
--- a/rsElement.cpp
+++ b/rsElement.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 Element::Element(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
     mBits = 0;
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mFields = NULL;
     mFieldCount = 0;
     mHasReference = false;
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@
     for (uint32_t ct=0; ct < rsc->mStateElement.mElements.size(); ct++) {
         Element *ee = rsc->mStateElement.mElements[ct];
         if(ee->isEqual(elem)) {
-            delete elem;
+            ObjectBase::checkDelete(elem);
             ee->incUserRef();
             return ee;
         }
diff --git a/rsFont.cpp b/rsFont.cpp
index 633129a..d171a48 100644
--- a/rsFont.cpp
+++ b/rsFont.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@
 
 Font::Font(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc), mCachedGlyphs(NULL)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mInitialized = false;
     mHasKerning = false;
     mFace = NULL;
@@ -308,7 +306,7 @@
         return newFont;
     }
 
-    delete newFont;
+    ObjectBase::checkDelete(newFont);
     return NULL;
 
 }
diff --git a/rsMesh.cpp b/rsMesh.cpp
index 8e43f24..761be93 100644
--- a/rsMesh.cpp
+++ b/rsMesh.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 
 Mesh::Mesh(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mPrimitives = NULL;
     mPrimitivesCount = 0;
     mVertexBuffers = NULL;
diff --git a/rsObjectBase.cpp b/rsObjectBase.cpp
index 46b1750..724172e 100644
--- a/rsObjectBase.cpp
+++ b/rsObjectBase.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "rsContextHostStub.h"
 #endif
 
+
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::renderscript;
 
@@ -34,101 +35,119 @@
     mRSC = rsc;
     mNext = NULL;
     mPrev = NULL;
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
+
+#if RS_OBJECT_DEBUG
+    mStack.update(2);
+#endif
 
     rsAssert(rsc);
     add();
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p con", this);
 }
 
 ObjectBase::~ObjectBase()
 {
     //LOGV("~ObjectBase %p  ref %i,%i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
+#if RS_OBJECT_DEBUG
+    mStack.dump();
+#endif
+
+    if(mPrev || mNext) {
+        // While the normal practice is to call remove before we call
+        // delete.  Its possible for objects without a re-use list
+        // for avoiding duplication to be created on the stack.  In those
+        // cases we need to remove ourself here.
+        asyncLock();
+        remove();
+        asyncUnlock();
+    }
+
     rsAssert(!mUserRefCount);
     rsAssert(!mSysRefCount);
-    remove();
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::dumpLOGV(const char *op) const
 {
     if (mName.size()) {
-        LOGV("%s RSobj %p, name %s, refs %i,%i  from %s,%i links %p,%p,%p",
-             op, this, mName.string(), mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount, mAllocFile, mAllocLine, mNext, mPrev, mRSC);
+        LOGV("%s RSobj %p, name %s, refs %i,%i  links %p,%p,%p",
+             op, this, mName.string(), mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount, mNext, mPrev, mRSC);
     } else {
-        LOGV("%s RSobj %p, no-name, refs %i,%i  from %s,%i links %p,%p,%p",
-             op, this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount, mAllocFile, mAllocLine, mNext, mPrev, mRSC);
+        LOGV("%s RSobj %p, no-name, refs %i,%i  links %p,%p,%p",
+             op, this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount, mNext, mPrev, mRSC);
     }
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::incUserRef() const
 {
-    lockUserRef();
-    mUserRefCount++;
-    unlockUserRef();
-    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p inc ref %i", this, mUserRefCount);
-}
-
-void ObjectBase::prelockedIncUserRef() const
-{
-    mUserRefCount++;
+    android_atomic_inc(&mUserRefCount);
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p incU ref %i, %i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::incSysRef() const
 {
-    mSysRefCount ++;
-    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p inc ref %i", this, mSysRefCount);
+    android_atomic_inc(&mSysRefCount);
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p incS ref %i, %i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
 }
 
-bool ObjectBase::checkDelete() const
+void ObjectBase::preDestroy() const
 {
-    if (!(mSysRefCount | mUserRefCount)) {
-        lockUserRef();
+}
 
-        // Recheck the user ref count since it can be incremented from other threads.
-        if (mUserRefCount) {
-            unlockUserRef();
-            return false;
-        }
+bool ObjectBase::checkDelete(const ObjectBase *ref)
+{
+    if (!ref) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        if (mRSC && mRSC->props.mLogObjects) {
-            dumpLOGV("checkDelete");
-        }
-        unlockUserRef();
-        delete this;
-        return true;
+    asyncLock();
+    // This lock protects us against the non-RS threads changing
+    // the ref counts.  At this point we should be the only thread
+    // working on them.
+    if (ref->mUserRefCount || ref->mSysRefCount) {
+        asyncUnlock();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ref->remove();
+    // At this point we can unlock because there should be no possible way
+    // for another thread to reference this object.
+    ref->preDestroy();
+    asyncUnlock();
+    delete ref;
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool ObjectBase::decUserRef() const
+{
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p decU ref %i, %i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
+    rsAssert(mUserRefCount > 0);
+    if ((android_atomic_dec(&mUserRefCount) <= 1) &&
+        (android_atomic_acquire_load(&mSysRefCount) <= 0)) {
+        return checkDelete(this);
     }
     return false;
 }
 
-bool ObjectBase::decUserRef() const
-{
-    lockUserRef();
-    rsAssert(mUserRefCount > 0);
-    //dumpLOGV("decUserRef");
-    mUserRefCount--;
-    unlockUserRef();
-    bool ret = checkDelete();
-    return ret;
-}
-
 bool ObjectBase::zeroUserRef() const
 {
-    lockUserRef();
-    // This can only happen during cleanup and is therefore
-    // thread safe.
-    mUserRefCount = 0;
-    //dumpLOGV("zeroUserRef");
-    unlockUserRef();
-    bool ret = checkDelete();
-    return ret;
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p zeroU ref %i, %i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
+    android_atomic_acquire_store(0, &mUserRefCount);
+    if (android_atomic_acquire_load(&mSysRefCount) <= 0) {
+        return checkDelete(this);
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 bool ObjectBase::decSysRef() const
 {
+    //LOGV("ObjectBase %p decS ref %i, %i", this, mUserRefCount, mSysRefCount);
     rsAssert(mSysRefCount > 0);
-    mSysRefCount --;
-    //dumpLOGV("decSysRef");
-    return checkDelete();
+    if ((android_atomic_dec(&mSysRefCount) <= 1) &&
+        (android_atomic_acquire_load(&mUserRefCount) <= 0)) {
+        return checkDelete(this);
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::setName(const char *name)
@@ -141,19 +160,19 @@
     mName.setTo(name, len);
 }
 
-void ObjectBase::lockUserRef()
+void ObjectBase::asyncLock()
 {
     pthread_mutex_lock(&gObjectInitMutex);
 }
 
-void ObjectBase::unlockUserRef()
+void ObjectBase::asyncUnlock()
 {
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&gObjectInitMutex);
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::add() const
 {
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&gObjectInitMutex);
+    asyncLock();
 
     rsAssert(!mNext);
     rsAssert(!mPrev);
@@ -164,12 +183,11 @@
     }
     mRSC->mObjHead = this;
 
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&gObjectInitMutex);
+    asyncUnlock();
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::remove() const
 {
-    lockUserRef();
     //LOGV("calling remove  rsc %p", mRSC);
     if (!mRSC) {
         rsAssert(!mPrev);
@@ -188,7 +206,6 @@
     }
     mPrev = NULL;
     mNext = NULL;
-    unlockUserRef();
 }
 
 void ObjectBase::zeroAllUserRef(Context *rsc)
@@ -219,7 +236,7 @@
 
 void ObjectBase::dumpAll(Context *rsc)
 {
-    lockUserRef();
+    asyncLock();
 
     LOGV("Dumping all objects");
     const ObjectBase * o = rsc->mObjHead;
@@ -229,22 +246,22 @@
         o = o->mNext;
     }
 
-    unlockUserRef();
+    asyncUnlock();
 }
 
 bool ObjectBase::isValid(const Context *rsc, const ObjectBase *obj)
 {
-    lockUserRef();
+    asyncLock();
 
     const ObjectBase * o = rsc->mObjHead;
     while (o) {
         if (o == obj) {
-            unlockUserRef();
+            asyncUnlock();
             return true;
         }
         o = o->mNext;
     }
-    unlockUserRef();
+    asyncUnlock();
     return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/rsObjectBase.h b/rsObjectBase.h
index 8d1ace1..5f03db5 100644
--- a/rsObjectBase.h
+++ b/rsObjectBase.h
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
 
 #include "rsUtils.h"
 
+#define RS_OBJECT_DEBUG 0
+
+#if RS_OBJECT_DEBUG
+    #include <utils/CallStack.h>
+#endif
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderscript {
@@ -31,7 +36,6 @@
 {
 public:
     ObjectBase(Context *rsc);
-    virtual ~ObjectBase();
 
     void incSysRef() const;
     bool decSysRef() const;
@@ -39,7 +43,8 @@
     void incUserRef() const;
     bool decUserRef() const;
     bool zeroUserRef() const;
-    void prelockedIncUserRef() const;
+
+    static bool checkDelete(const ObjectBase *);
 
     const char * getName() const {
         return mName.string();
@@ -58,13 +63,18 @@
 
     static bool isValid(const Context *rsc, const ObjectBase *obj);
 
-    static void lockUserRef();
-    static void unlockUserRef();
+    // The async lock is taken during object creation in non-rs threads
+    // and object deletion in the rs thread.
+    static void asyncLock();
+    static void asyncUnlock();
 
 protected:
-    const char *mAllocFile;
-    uint32_t mAllocLine;
+    // Called inside the async lock for any object list management that is
+    // necessary in derived classes.
+    virtual void preDestroy() const;
+
     Context *mRSC;
+    virtual ~ObjectBase();
 
 private:
     static pthread_mutex_t gObjectInitMutex;
@@ -72,14 +82,17 @@
     void add() const;
     void remove() const;
 
-    bool checkDelete() const;
-
     String8 mName;
     mutable int32_t mSysRefCount;
     mutable int32_t mUserRefCount;
 
     mutable const ObjectBase * mPrev;
     mutable const ObjectBase * mNext;
+
+#if RS_OBJECT_DEBUG
+    CallStack mStack;
+#endif
+
 };
 
 template<class T>
@@ -104,6 +117,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    ObjectBaseRef & operator= (const ObjectBaseRef &ref) {
+        return ObjectBaseRef(ref);
+    }
+
     ~ObjectBaseRef() {
         clear();
     }
diff --git a/rsProgram.cpp b/rsProgram.cpp
index 10e00e6..72d1b02 100644
--- a/rsProgram.cpp
+++ b/rsProgram.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
 
 Program::Program(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mDirty = true;
     mShaderID = 0;
     mAttribCount = 0;
@@ -55,8 +53,6 @@
                  const uint32_t * params, uint32_t paramLength) :
     ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mDirty = true;
     mShaderID = 0;
     mAttribCount = 0;
diff --git a/rsProgramFragment.cpp b/rsProgramFragment.cpp
index 81b4fa4..33399d5 100644
--- a/rsProgramFragment.cpp
+++ b/rsProgramFragment.cpp
@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@
                                  uint32_t paramLength) :
     Program(rsc, shaderText, shaderLength, params, paramLength)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
-
     mConstantColor[0] = 1.f;
     mConstantColor[1] = 1.f;
     mConstantColor[2] = 1.f;
@@ -182,8 +179,8 @@
 
 ProgramFragmentState::~ProgramFragmentState()
 {
-    delete mPF;
-
+    ObjectBase::checkDelete(mPF);
+    mPF = NULL;
 }
 
 void ProgramFragmentState::init(Context *rsc)
diff --git a/rsProgramRaster.cpp b/rsProgramRaster.cpp
index 62d060d..5f8c4ba 100644
--- a/rsProgramRaster.cpp
+++ b/rsProgramRaster.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@
                              bool pointSprite) :
     Program(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mPointSmooth = pointSmooth;
     mLineSmooth = lineSmooth;
     mPointSprite = pointSprite;
diff --git a/rsProgramStore.cpp b/rsProgramStore.cpp
index 586a89f..876299f 100644
--- a/rsProgramStore.cpp
+++ b/rsProgramStore.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 ProgramStore::ProgramStore(Context *rsc) :
     Program(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mDitherEnable = true;
     mBlendEnable = false;
     mColorRWriteEnable = true;
@@ -236,8 +234,8 @@
 
 ProgramStoreState::~ProgramStoreState()
 {
-    delete mPFS;
-
+    ObjectBase::checkDelete(mPFS);
+    mPFS = NULL;
 }
 
 void ProgramStoreState::init(Context *rsc)
@@ -258,9 +256,8 @@
 
 void rsi_ProgramStoreBegin(Context * rsc, RsElement in, RsElement out)
 {
-    delete rsc->mStateFragmentStore.mPFS;
+    ObjectBase::checkDelete(rsc->mStateFragmentStore.mPFS);
     rsc->mStateFragmentStore.mPFS = new ProgramStore(rsc);
-
 }
 
 void rsi_ProgramStoreDepthFunc(Context *rsc, RsDepthFunc func)
diff --git a/rsProgramVertex.cpp b/rsProgramVertex.cpp
index a785262..d12439f 100644
--- a/rsProgramVertex.cpp
+++ b/rsProgramVertex.cpp
@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@
                              uint32_t paramLength) :
     Program(rsc, shaderText, shaderLength, params, paramLength)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
-
     init(rsc);
 }
 
diff --git a/rsSampler.cpp b/rsSampler.cpp
index 180d78e..cfae7b2 100644
--- a/rsSampler.cpp
+++ b/rsSampler.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 
 Sampler::Sampler(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     // Should not get called.
     rsAssert(0);
 }
@@ -47,8 +45,6 @@
                  RsSamplerValue wrapR,
                  float aniso) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mMagFilter = magFilter;
     mMinFilter = minFilter;
     mWrapS = wrapS;
diff --git a/rsScript.cpp b/rsScript.cpp
index c5632b5..ef380d2 100644
--- a/rsScript.cpp
+++ b/rsScript.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 
 Script::Script(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     memset(&mEnviroment, 0, sizeof(mEnviroment));
 
     mSlots = NULL;
diff --git a/rsScriptC.cpp b/rsScriptC.cpp
index a2910d7..165fa71 100644
--- a/rsScriptC.cpp
+++ b/rsScriptC.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@
 
 ScriptC::ScriptC(Context *rsc) : Script(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mBccScript = NULL;
     memset(&mProgram, 0, sizeof(mProgram));
 }
@@ -524,11 +522,11 @@
 {
     ScriptCState *ss = &rsc->mScriptC;
 
-    ObjectBaseRef<ScriptC> s = ss->mScript.get();
+    ObjectBaseRef<ScriptC> s(ss->mScript);
     ss->mScript.clear();
+    s->incUserRef();
 
     ss->runCompiler(rsc, s.get());
-    s->incUserRef();
     ss->clear(rsc);
     return s.get();
 }
diff --git a/rsType.cpp b/rsType.cpp
index 27b1b4f..82ad33e 100644
--- a/rsType.cpp
+++ b/rsType.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 
 Type::Type(Context *rsc) : ObjectBase(rsc)
 {
-    mAllocFile = __FILE__;
-    mAllocLine = __LINE__;
     mLODs = 0;
     mLODCount = 0;
     mAttribs = NULL;
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@
     clear();
 }
 
-Type::~Type()
+void Type::preDestroy()
 {
     for (uint32_t ct = 0; ct < mRSC->mStateType.mTypes.size(); ct++) {
         if (mRSC->mStateType.mTypes[ct] == this) {
@@ -44,6 +42,10 @@
             break;
         }
     }
+}
+
+Type::~Type()
+{
     if (mLODs) {
         delete [] mLODs;
         mLODs = NULL;
@@ -401,7 +403,7 @@
 }
 }
 
-void * rsaTypeCreate(RsContext con, RsElement _e, uint32_t dimCount,
+RsType rsaTypeCreate(RsContext con, RsElement _e, uint32_t dimCount,
                      const RsDimension *dims, const uint32_t *vals)
 {
     Context *rsc = static_cast<Context *>(con);
@@ -428,7 +430,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    ObjectBase::lockUserRef();
+    ObjectBase::asyncLock();
     for (uint32_t ct=0; ct < stc->mTypes.size(); ct++) {
         Type *t = stc->mTypes[ct];
         if (t->getElement() != e) continue;
@@ -437,11 +439,11 @@
         if (t->getDimZ() != dimZ) continue;
         if (t->getDimLOD() != dimLOD) continue;
         if (t->getDimFaces() != dimFaces) continue;
-        t->prelockedIncUserRef();
-        ObjectBase::unlockUserRef();
+        t->incUserRef();
+        ObjectBase::asyncUnlock();
         return t;
     }
-    ObjectBase::unlockUserRef();
+    ObjectBase::asyncUnlock();
 
     Type * st = new Type(rsc);
     st->incUserRef();
@@ -453,9 +455,9 @@
     st->setDimFaces(dimFaces);
     st->compute();
 
-    ObjectBase::lockUserRef();
+    ObjectBase::asyncLock();
     stc->mTypes.push(st);
-    ObjectBase::unlockUserRef();
+    ObjectBase::asyncUnlock();
     return st;
 }
 
diff --git a/rsType.h b/rsType.h
index a0c77ab..6b89413 100644
--- a/rsType.h
+++ b/rsType.h
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@
     bool isValidGLComponent(uint32_t fieldIdx);
     void makeGLComponents();
 
+protected:
+    virtual void preDestroy();
+
 private:
     Type(const Type &);
 };