blob: 2c205ee784ee5b306f7948fee15da9a12952e5fd [file] [log] [blame]
/*
* Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Travis Geiselbrecht
*
* Copyright (c) 2014, The Linux Foundation. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
* a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/**
* @file
* @brief Kernel threading
*
* This file is the core kernel threading interface.
*
* @defgroup thread Threads
* @{
*/
#include <debug.h>
#include <list.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <kernel/thread.h>
#include <kernel/timer.h>
#include <kernel/dpc.h>
#include <platform.h>
#if DEBUGLEVEL > 1
#define THREAD_CHECKS 1
#endif
#if THREAD_STATS
struct thread_stats thread_stats;
#endif
/* global thread list */
static struct list_node thread_list;
/* the current thread */
thread_t *current_thread;
/* the global critical section count */
int critical_section_count = 1;
/* the run queue */
static struct list_node run_queue[NUM_PRIORITIES];
static uint32_t run_queue_bitmap;
/* the bootstrap thread (statically allocated) */
static thread_t bootstrap_thread;
/* the idle thread */
thread_t *idle_thread;
/* local routines */
static void thread_resched(void);
static void idle_thread_routine(void) __NO_RETURN;
#if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER
/* preemption timer */
static timer_t preempt_timer;
#endif
/* run queue manipulation */
static void insert_in_run_queue_head(thread_t *t)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_READY);
ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node));
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
list_add_head(&run_queue[t->priority], &t->queue_node);
run_queue_bitmap |= (1<<t->priority);
}
static void insert_in_run_queue_tail(thread_t *t)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_READY);
ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node));
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
list_add_tail(&run_queue[t->priority], &t->queue_node);
run_queue_bitmap |= (1<<t->priority);
}
static void init_thread_struct(thread_t *t, const char *name)
{
memset(t, 0, sizeof(thread_t));
t->magic = THREAD_MAGIC;
strlcpy(t->name, name, sizeof(t->name));
}
/**
* @brief Create a new thread
*
* This function creates a new thread. The thread is initially suspended, so you
* need to call thread_resume() to execute it.
*
* @param name Name of thread
* @param entry Entry point of thread
* @param arg Arbitrary argument passed to entry()
* @param priority Execution priority for the thread.
* @param stack_size Stack size for the thread.
*
* Thread priority is an integer from 0 (lowest) to 31 (highest). Some standard
* prioritys are defined in <kernel/thread.h>:
*
* HIGHEST_PRIORITY
* DPC_PRIORITY
* HIGH_PRIORITY
* DEFAULT_PRIORITY
* LOW_PRIORITY
* IDLE_PRIORITY
* LOWEST_PRIORITY
*
* Stack size is typically set to DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE
*
* @return Pointer to thread object, or NULL on failure.
*/
thread_t *thread_create(const char *name, thread_start_routine entry, void *arg, int priority, size_t stack_size)
{
thread_t *t;
t = malloc(sizeof(thread_t));
if (!t)
return NULL;
init_thread_struct(t, name);
t->entry = entry;
t->arg = arg;
t->priority = priority;
t->saved_critical_section_count = 1; /* we always start inside a critical section */
t->state = THREAD_SUSPENDED;
t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL;
t->wait_queue_block_ret = NO_ERROR;
/* create the stack */
t->stack = malloc(stack_size);
if (!t->stack) {
free(t);
return NULL;
}
t->stack_size = stack_size;
/* inheirit thread local storage from the parent */
int i;
for (i=0; i < MAX_TLS_ENTRY; i++)
t->tls[i] = current_thread->tls[i];
/* set up the initial stack frame */
arch_thread_initialize(t);
/* add it to the global thread list */
enter_critical_section();
list_add_head(&thread_list, &t->thread_list_node);
exit_critical_section();
return t;
}
/**
* @brief Make a suspended thread executable.
*
* This function is typically called to start a thread which has just been
* created with thread_create()
*
* @param t Thread to resume
*
* @return NO_ERROR on success, ERR_NOT_SUSPENDED if thread was not suspended.
*/
status_t thread_resume(thread_t *t)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(t->state != THREAD_DEATH);
#endif
if (t->state == THREAD_READY || t->state == THREAD_RUNNING)
return ERR_NOT_SUSPENDED;
enter_critical_section();
t->state = THREAD_READY;
insert_in_run_queue_head(t);
thread_yield();
exit_critical_section();
return NO_ERROR;
}
static void thread_cleanup_dpc(void *thread)
{
thread_t *t = (thread_t *)thread;
// dprintf(SPEW, "thread_cleanup_dpc: thread %p (%s)\n", t, t->name);
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_DEATH);
ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue == NULL);
ASSERT(!list_in_list(&t->queue_node));
#endif
/* remove it from the master thread list */
enter_critical_section();
list_delete(&t->thread_list_node);
exit_critical_section();
/* free its stack and the thread structure itself */
if (t->stack)
free(t->stack);
free(t);
}
/**
* @brief Terminate the current thread
*
* Current thread exits with the specified return code.
*
* This function does not return.
*/
void thread_exit(int retcode)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING);
#endif
// dprintf("thread_exit: current %p\n", current_thread);
enter_critical_section();
/* enter the dead state */
current_thread->state = THREAD_DEATH;
current_thread->retcode = retcode;
/* schedule a dpc to clean ourselves up */
dpc_queue(thread_cleanup_dpc, (void *)current_thread, DPC_FLAG_NORESCHED);
/* reschedule */
thread_resched();
panic("somehow fell through thread_exit()\n");
for(;;);
}
static void idle_thread_routine(void)
{
for(;;)
arch_idle();
}
/**
* @brief Cause another thread to be executed.
*
* Internal reschedule routine. The current thread needs to already be in whatever
* state and queues it needs to be in. This routine simply picks the next thread and
* switches to it.
*
* This is probably not the function you're looking for. See
* thread_yield() instead.
*/
void thread_resched(void)
{
thread_t *oldthread;
thread_t *newthread;
// dprintf("thread_resched: current %p: ", current_thread);
// dump_thread(current_thread);
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
#if THREAD_STATS
thread_stats.reschedules++;
#endif
oldthread = current_thread;
// at the moment, can't deal with more than 32 priority levels
ASSERT(NUM_PRIORITIES <= 32);
// should at least find the idle thread
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(run_queue_bitmap != 0);
#endif
int next_queue = HIGHEST_PRIORITY - __builtin_clz(run_queue_bitmap) - (32 - NUM_PRIORITIES);
//dprintf(SPEW, "bitmap 0x%x, next %d\n", run_queue_bitmap, next_queue);
newthread = list_remove_head_type(&run_queue[next_queue], thread_t, queue_node);
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(newthread);
#endif
if (list_is_empty(&run_queue[next_queue]))
run_queue_bitmap &= ~(1<<next_queue);
#if 0
// XXX make this more efficient
newthread = NULL;
for (i=HIGHEST_PRIORITY; i >= LOWEST_PRIORITY; i--) {
newthread = list_remove_head_type(&run_queue[i], thread_t, queue_node);
if (newthread)
break;
}
#endif
// dprintf("newthread: ");
// dump_thread(newthread);
newthread->state = THREAD_RUNNING;
if (newthread == oldthread)
return;
/* set up quantum for the new thread if it was consumed */
if (newthread->remaining_quantum <= 0) {
newthread->remaining_quantum = 5; // XXX make this smarter
}
#if THREAD_STATS
thread_stats.context_switches++;
if (oldthread == idle_thread) {
bigtime_t now = current_time_hires();
thread_stats.idle_time += now - thread_stats.last_idle_timestamp;
}
if (newthread == idle_thread) {
thread_stats.last_idle_timestamp = current_time_hires();
}
#endif
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(critical_section_count > 0);
ASSERT(newthread->saved_critical_section_count > 0);
#endif
#if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER
/* if we're switching from idle to a real thread, set up a periodic
* timer to run our preemption tick.
*/
if (oldthread == idle_thread) {
timer_set_periodic(&preempt_timer, 10, (timer_callback)thread_timer_tick, NULL);
} else if (newthread == idle_thread) {
timer_cancel(&preempt_timer);
}
#endif
/* do the switch */
oldthread->saved_critical_section_count = critical_section_count;
current_thread = newthread;
critical_section_count = newthread->saved_critical_section_count;
arch_context_switch(oldthread, newthread);
}
/**
* @brief Yield the cpu to another thread
*
* This function places the current thread at the end of the run queue
* and yields the cpu to another waiting thread (if any.)
*
* This function will return at some later time. Possibly immediately if
* no other threads are waiting to execute.
*/
void thread_yield(void)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING);
#endif
enter_critical_section();
#if THREAD_STATS
thread_stats.yields++;
#endif
/* we are yielding the cpu, so stick ourselves into the tail of the run queue and reschedule */
current_thread->state = THREAD_READY;
current_thread->remaining_quantum = 0;
insert_in_run_queue_tail(current_thread);
thread_resched();
exit_critical_section();
}
/**
* @brief Briefly yield cpu to another thread
*
* This function is similar to thread_yield(), except that it will
* restart more quickly.
*
* This function places the current thread at the head of the run
* queue and then yields the cpu to another thread.
*
* Exception: If the time slice for this thread has expired, then
* the thread goes to the end of the run queue.
*
* This function will return at some later time. Possibly immediately if
* no other threads are waiting to execute.
*/
void thread_preempt(void)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING);
#endif
enter_critical_section();
#if THREAD_STATS
if (current_thread != idle_thread)
thread_stats.preempts++; /* only track when a meaningful preempt happens */
#endif
/* we are being preempted, so we get to go back into the front of the run queue if we have quantum left */
current_thread->state = THREAD_READY;
if (current_thread->remaining_quantum > 0)
insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread);
else
insert_in_run_queue_tail(current_thread); /* if we're out of quantum, go to the tail of the queue */
thread_resched();
exit_critical_section();
}
/**
* @brief Suspend thread until woken.
*
* This function schedules another thread to execute. This function does not
* return until the thread is made runable again by some other module.
*
* You probably don't want to call this function directly; it's meant to be called
* from other modules, such as mutex, which will presumably set the thread's
* state to blocked and add it to some queue or another.
*/
void thread_block(void)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_BLOCKED);
#endif
enter_critical_section();
/* we are blocking on something. the blocking code should have already stuck us on a queue */
thread_resched();
exit_critical_section();
}
enum handler_return thread_timer_tick(void)
{
if (current_thread == idle_thread)
return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE;
current_thread->remaining_quantum--;
if (current_thread->remaining_quantum <= 0)
return INT_RESCHEDULE;
else
return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE;
}
/* timer callback to wake up a sleeping thread */
static enum handler_return thread_sleep_handler(timer_t *timer, time_t now, void *arg)
{
thread_t *t = (thread_t *)arg;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_SLEEPING);
#endif
t->state = THREAD_READY;
insert_in_run_queue_head(t);
return INT_RESCHEDULE;
}
/**
* @brief Put thread to sleep; delay specified in ms
*
* This function puts the current thread to sleep until the specified
* delay in ms has expired.
*
* Note that this function could sleep for longer than the specified delay if
* other threads are running. When the timer expires, this thread will
* be placed at the head of the run queue.
*/
void thread_sleep(time_t delay)
{
timer_t timer;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(current_thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING);
#endif
timer_initialize(&timer);
enter_critical_section();
timer_set_oneshot(&timer, delay, thread_sleep_handler, (void *)current_thread);
current_thread->state = THREAD_SLEEPING;
thread_resched();
exit_critical_section();
}
/**
* @brief Initialize threading system
*
* This function is called once, from kmain()
*/
void thread_init_early(void)
{
int i;
/* initialize the run queues */
for (i=0; i < NUM_PRIORITIES; i++)
list_initialize(&run_queue[i]);
/* initialize the thread list */
list_initialize(&thread_list);
/* create a thread to cover the current running state */
thread_t *t = &bootstrap_thread;
init_thread_struct(t, "bootstrap");
/* half construct this thread, since we're already running */
t->priority = HIGHEST_PRIORITY;
t->state = THREAD_RUNNING;
t->saved_critical_section_count = 1;
list_add_head(&thread_list, &t->thread_list_node);
current_thread = t;
}
/**
* @brief Complete thread initialization
*
* This function is called once at boot time
*/
void thread_init(void)
{
#if PLATFORM_HAS_DYNAMIC_TIMER
timer_initialize(&preempt_timer);
#endif
}
/**
* @brief Change name of current thread
*/
void thread_set_name(const char *name)
{
strlcpy(current_thread->name, name, sizeof(current_thread->name));
}
/**
* @brief Change priority of current thread
*
* See thread_create() for a discussion of priority values.
*/
void thread_set_priority(int priority)
{
if (priority < LOWEST_PRIORITY)
priority = LOWEST_PRIORITY;
if (priority > HIGHEST_PRIORITY)
priority = HIGHEST_PRIORITY;
current_thread->priority = priority;
}
/**
* @brief Become an idle thread
*
* This function marks the current thread as the idle thread -- the one which
* executes when there is nothing else to do. This function does not return.
* This function is called once at boot time.
*/
void thread_become_idle(void)
{
thread_set_name("idle");
thread_set_priority(IDLE_PRIORITY);
idle_thread = current_thread;
idle_thread_routine();
}
/**
* @brief Dump debugging info about the specified thread.
*/
void dump_thread(thread_t *t)
{
dprintf(INFO, "dump_thread: t %p (%s)\n", t, t->name);
dprintf(INFO, "\tstate %d, priority %d, remaining quantum %d, critical section %d\n", t->state, t->priority, t->remaining_quantum, t->saved_critical_section_count);
dprintf(INFO, "\tstack %p, stack_size %zd\n", t->stack, t->stack_size);
dprintf(INFO, "\tentry %p, arg %p\n", t->entry, t->arg);
dprintf(INFO, "\twait queue %p, wait queue ret %d\n", t->blocking_wait_queue, t->wait_queue_block_ret);
dprintf(INFO, "\ttls:");
int i;
for (i=0; i < MAX_TLS_ENTRY; i++) {
dprintf(INFO, " 0x%x", t->tls[i]);
}
dprintf(INFO, "\n");
}
/**
* @brief Dump debugging info about all threads
*/
void dump_all_threads(void)
{
thread_t *t;
enter_critical_section();
list_for_every_entry(&thread_list, t, thread_t, thread_list_node) {
dump_thread(t);
}
exit_critical_section();
}
/** @} */
/**
* @defgroup wait Wait Queue
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief Initialize a wait queue
*/
void wait_queue_init(wait_queue_t *wait)
{
wait->magic = WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC;
list_initialize(&wait->list);
wait->count = 0;
}
static enum handler_return wait_queue_timeout_handler(timer_t *timer, time_t now, void *arg)
{
thread_t *thread = (thread_t *)arg;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(thread->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
#endif
if (thread_unblock_from_wait_queue(thread, false, ERR_TIMED_OUT) >= NO_ERROR)
return INT_RESCHEDULE;
return INT_NO_RESCHEDULE;
}
/**
* @brief Block until a wait queue is notified.
*
* This function puts the current thread at the end of a wait
* queue and then blocks until some other thread wakes the queue
* up again.
*
* @param wait The wait queue to enter
* @param timeout The maximum time, in ms, to wait
*
* If the timeout is zero, this function returns immediately with
* ERR_TIMED_OUT. If the timeout is INFINITE_TIME, this function
* waits indefinitely. Otherwise, this function returns with
* ERR_TIMED_OUT at the end of the timeout period.
*
* @return ERR_TIMED_OUT on timeout, else returns the return
* value specified when the queue was woken by wait_queue_wake_one().
*/
status_t wait_queue_block(wait_queue_t *wait, time_t timeout)
{
timer_t timer;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC);
ASSERT(current_thread->state == THREAD_RUNNING);
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
if (timeout == 0)
return ERR_TIMED_OUT;
list_add_tail(&wait->list, &current_thread->queue_node);
wait->count++;
current_thread->state = THREAD_BLOCKED;
current_thread->blocking_wait_queue = wait;
current_thread->wait_queue_block_ret = NO_ERROR;
/* if the timeout is nonzero or noninfinite, set a callback to yank us out of the queue */
if (timeout != INFINITE_TIME) {
timer_initialize(&timer);
timer_set_oneshot(&timer, timeout, wait_queue_timeout_handler, (void *)current_thread);
}
thread_block();
/* we don't really know if the timer fired or not, so it's better safe to try to cancel it */
if (timeout != INFINITE_TIME) {
timer_cancel(&timer);
}
return current_thread->wait_queue_block_ret;
}
/**
* @brief Wake up one thread sleeping on a wait queue
*
* This function removes one thread (if any) from the head of the wait queue and
* makes it executable. The new thread will be placed at the head of the
* run queue.
*
* @param wait The wait queue to wake
* @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken thread will run immediately.
* @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive
* from wait_queue_block().
*
* @return The number of threads woken (zero or one)
*/
int wait_queue_wake_one(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error)
{
thread_t *t;
int ret = 0;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC);
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
t = list_remove_head_type(&wait->list, thread_t, queue_node);
if (t) {
wait->count--;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_BLOCKED);
#endif
t->state = THREAD_READY;
t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error;
t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL;
/* if we're instructed to reschedule, stick the current thread on the head
* of the run queue first, so that the newly awakened thread gets a chance to run
* before the current one, but the current one doesn't get unnecessarilly punished.
*/
if (reschedule) {
current_thread->state = THREAD_READY;
insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread);
}
insert_in_run_queue_head(t);
if (reschedule)
thread_resched();
ret = 1;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* @brief Wake all threads sleeping on a wait queue
*
* This function removes all threads (if any) from the wait queue and
* makes them executable. The new threads will be placed at the head of the
* run queue.
*
* @param wait The wait queue to wake
* @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken threads will run immediately.
* @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive
* from wait_queue_block().
*
* @return The number of threads woken (zero or one)
*/
int wait_queue_wake_all(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error)
{
thread_t *t;
int ret = 0;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC);
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
if (reschedule && wait->count > 0) {
/* if we're instructed to reschedule, stick the current thread on the head
* of the run queue first, so that the newly awakened threads get a chance to run
* before the current one, but the current one doesn't get unnecessarilly punished.
*/
current_thread->state = THREAD_READY;
insert_in_run_queue_head(current_thread);
}
/* pop all the threads off the wait queue into the run queue */
while ((t = list_remove_head_type(&wait->list, thread_t, queue_node))) {
wait->count--;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->state == THREAD_BLOCKED);
#endif
t->state = THREAD_READY;
t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error;
t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL;
insert_in_run_queue_head(t);
ret++;
}
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(wait->count == 0);
#endif
if (reschedule && ret > 0)
thread_resched();
return ret;
}
/**
* @brief Free all resources allocated in wait_queue_init()
*
* If any threads were waiting on this queue, they are all woken.
*/
void wait_queue_destroy(wait_queue_t *wait, bool reschedule)
{
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(wait->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC);
ASSERT(in_critical_section());
#endif
wait_queue_wake_all(wait, reschedule, ERR_OBJECT_DESTROYED);
wait->magic = 0;
}
/**
* @brief Wake a specific thread in a wait queue
*
* This function extracts a specific thread from a wait queue, wakes it, and
* puts it at the head of the run queue.
*
* @param t The thread to wake
* @param reschedule If true, the newly-woken threads will run immediately.
* @param wait_queue_error The return value which the new thread will receive
* from wait_queue_block().
*
* @return ERR_NOT_BLOCKED if thread was not in any wait queue.
*/
status_t thread_unblock_from_wait_queue(thread_t *t, bool reschedule, status_t wait_queue_error)
{
enter_critical_section();
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->magic == THREAD_MAGIC);
#endif
if (t->state != THREAD_BLOCKED)
return ERR_NOT_BLOCKED;
#if THREAD_CHECKS
ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue != NULL);
ASSERT(t->blocking_wait_queue->magic == WAIT_QUEUE_MAGIC);
ASSERT(list_in_list(&t->queue_node));
#endif
list_delete(&t->queue_node);
t->blocking_wait_queue->count--;
t->blocking_wait_queue = NULL;
t->state = THREAD_READY;
t->wait_queue_block_ret = wait_queue_error;
insert_in_run_queue_head(t);
if (reschedule)
thread_resched();
exit_critical_section();
return NO_ERROR;
}