arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c

/*
 * Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
 * Thanks to Ben LaHaise for precious feedback.
 */
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>

#include <asm/e820.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>

/*
 * The current flushing context - we pass it instead of 5 arguments:
 */
struct cpa_data {
	unsigned long	vaddr;
	pgprot_t	mask_set;
	pgprot_t	mask_clr;
	int		numpages;
	int		flushtlb;
};

static inline int
within(unsigned long addr, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	return addr >= start && addr < end;
}

/*
 * Flushing functions
 */

/**
 * clflush_cache_range - flush a cache range with clflush
 * @addr:	virtual start address
 * @size:	number of bytes to flush
 *
 * clflush is an unordered instruction which needs fencing with mfence
 * to avoid ordering issues.
 */
void clflush_cache_range(void *vaddr, unsigned int size)
{
	void *vend = vaddr + size - 1;

	mb();

	for (; vaddr < vend; vaddr += boot_cpu_data.x86_clflush_size)
		clflush(vaddr);
	/*
	 * Flush any possible final partial cacheline:
	 */
	clflush(vend);

	mb();
}

static void __cpa_flush_all(void *arg)
{
	unsigned long cache = (unsigned long)arg;

	/*
	 * Flush all to work around Errata in early athlons regarding
	 * large page flushing.
	 */
	__flush_tlb_all();

	if (cache && boot_cpu_data.x86_model >= 4)
		wbinvd();
}

static void cpa_flush_all(unsigned long cache)
{
	BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());

	on_each_cpu(__cpa_flush_all, (void *) cache, 1, 1);
}

static void __cpa_flush_range(void *arg)
{
	/*
	 * We could optimize that further and do individual per page
	 * tlb invalidates for a low number of pages. Caveat: we must
	 * flush the high aliases on 64bit as well.
	 */
	__flush_tlb_all();
}

static void cpa_flush_range(unsigned long start, int numpages, int cache)
{
	unsigned int i, level;
	unsigned long addr;

	BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
	WARN_ON(PAGE_ALIGN(start) != start);

	on_each_cpu(__cpa_flush_range, NULL, 1, 1);

	if (!cache)
		return;

	/*
	 * We only need to flush on one CPU,
	 * clflush is a MESI-coherent instruction that
	 * will cause all other CPUs to flush the same
	 * cachelines:
	 */
	for (i = 0, addr = start; i < numpages; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		pte_t *pte = lookup_address(addr, &level);

		/*
		 * Only flush present addresses:
		 */
		if (pte && (pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT))
			clflush_cache_range((void *) addr, PAGE_SIZE);
	}
}

#define HIGH_MAP_START	__START_KERNEL_map
#define HIGH_MAP_END	(__START_KERNEL_map + KERNEL_TEXT_SIZE)


/*
 * Converts a virtual address to a X86-64 highmap address
 */
static unsigned long virt_to_highmap(void *address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	return __pa((unsigned long)address) + HIGH_MAP_START - phys_base;
#else
	return (unsigned long)address;
#endif
}

/*
 * Certain areas of memory on x86 require very specific protection flags,
 * for example the BIOS area or kernel text. Callers don't always get this
 * right (again, ioremap() on BIOS memory is not uncommon) so this function
 * checks and fixes these known static required protection bits.
 */
static inline pgprot_t static_protections(pgprot_t prot, unsigned long address)
{
	pgprot_t forbidden = __pgprot(0);

	/*
	 * The BIOS area between 640k and 1Mb needs to be executable for
	 * PCI BIOS based config access (CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS) support.
	 */
	if (within(__pa(address), BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END))
		pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;

	/*
	 * The kernel text needs to be executable for obvious reasons
	 * Does not cover __inittext since that is gone later on
	 */
	if (within(address, (unsigned long)_text, (unsigned long)_etext))
		pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;
	/*
	 * Do the same for the x86-64 high kernel mapping
	 */
	if (within(address, virt_to_highmap(_text), virt_to_highmap(_etext)))
		pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;


#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
	/* The .rodata section needs to be read-only */
	if (within(address, (unsigned long)__start_rodata,
				(unsigned long)__end_rodata))
		pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_RW;
	/*
	 * Do the same for the x86-64 high kernel mapping
	 */
	if (within(address, virt_to_highmap(__start_rodata),
				virt_to_highmap(__end_rodata)))
		pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_RW;
#endif

	prot = __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) & ~pgprot_val(forbidden));

	return prot;
}

/*
 * Lookup the page table entry for a virtual address. Return a pointer
 * to the entry and the level of the mapping.
 *
 * Note: We return pud and pmd either when the entry is marked large
 * or when the present bit is not set. Otherwise we would return a
 * pointer to a nonexisting mapping.
 */
pte_t *lookup_address(unsigned long address, int *level)
{
	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(address);
	pud_t *pud;
	pmd_t *pmd;

	*level = PG_LEVEL_NONE;

	if (pgd_none(*pgd))
		return NULL;

	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
	if (pud_none(*pud))
		return NULL;

	*level = PG_LEVEL_1G;
	if (pud_large(*pud) || !pud_present(*pud))
		return (pte_t *)pud;

	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
	if (pmd_none(*pmd))
		return NULL;

	*level = PG_LEVEL_2M;
	if (pmd_large(*pmd) || !pmd_present(*pmd))
		return (pte_t *)pmd;

	*level = PG_LEVEL_4K;

	return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
}

/*
 * Set the new pmd in all the pgds we know about:
 */
static void __set_pmd_pte(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address, pte_t pte)
{
	/* change init_mm */
	set_pte_atomic(kpte, pte);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
	if (!SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) {
		struct page *page;

		address = __pa(address);
		list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
			pgd_t *pgd;
			pud_t *pud;
			pmd_t *pmd;

			pgd = (pgd_t *)page_address(page) + pgd_index(address);
			pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
			pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
			set_pte_atomic((pte_t *)pmd, pte);
		}
	}
#endif
}

static int
try_preserve_large_page(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address,
			struct cpa_data *cpa)
{
	unsigned long nextpage_addr, numpages, pmask, psize, flags;
	pte_t new_pte, old_pte, *tmp;
	pgprot_t old_prot, new_prot;
	int level, do_split = 1;

	/*
	 * An Athlon 64 X2 showed hard hangs if we tried to preserve
	 * largepages and changed the PSE entry from RW to RO.
	 *
	 * As AMD CPUs have a long series of erratas in this area,
	 * (and none of the known ones seem to explain this hang),
	 * disable this code until the hang can be debugged:
	 */
	if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
		return 1;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
	/*
	 * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
	 * up already:
	 */
	tmp = lookup_address(address, &level);
	if (tmp != kpte)
		goto out_unlock;

	switch (level) {
	case PG_LEVEL_2M:
		psize = PMD_PAGE_SIZE;
		pmask = PMD_PAGE_MASK;
		break;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	case PG_LEVEL_1G:
		psize = PMD_PAGE_SIZE;
		pmask = PMD_PAGE_MASK;
		break;
#endif
	default:
		do_split = -EINVAL;
		goto out_unlock;
	}

	/*
	 * Calculate the number of pages, which fit into this large
	 * page starting at address:
	 */
	nextpage_addr = (address + psize) & pmask;
	numpages = (nextpage_addr - address) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	if (numpages < cpa->numpages)
		cpa->numpages = numpages;

	/*
	 * We are safe now. Check whether the new pgprot is the same:
	 */
	old_pte = *kpte;
	old_prot = new_prot = pte_pgprot(old_pte);

	pgprot_val(new_prot) &= ~pgprot_val(cpa->mask_clr);
	pgprot_val(new_prot) |= pgprot_val(cpa->mask_set);
	new_prot = static_protections(new_prot, address);

	/*
	 * If there are no changes, return. maxpages has been updated
	 * above:
	 */
	if (pgprot_val(new_prot) == pgprot_val(old_prot)) {
		do_split = 0;
		goto out_unlock;
	}

	/*
	 * We need to change the attributes. Check, whether we can
	 * change the large page in one go. We request a split, when
	 * the address is not aligned and the number of pages is
	 * smaller than the number of pages in the large page. Note
	 * that we limited the number of possible pages already to
	 * the number of pages in the large page.
	 */
	if (address == (nextpage_addr - psize) && cpa->numpages == numpages) {
		/*
		 * The address is aligned and the number of pages
		 * covers the full page.
		 */
		new_pte = pfn_pte(pte_pfn(old_pte), canon_pgprot(new_prot));
		__set_pmd_pte(kpte, address, new_pte);
		cpa->flushtlb = 1;
		do_split = 0;
	}

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);

	return do_split;
}

static int split_large_page(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address)
{
	unsigned long flags, pfn, pfninc = 1;
	gfp_t gfp_flags = GFP_KERNEL;
	unsigned int i, level;
	pte_t *pbase, *tmp;
	pgprot_t ref_prot;
	struct page *base;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
	gfp_flags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
#endif
	base = alloc_pages(gfp_flags, 0);
	if (!base)
		return -ENOMEM;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
	/*
	 * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
	 * up for us already:
	 */
	tmp = lookup_address(address, &level);
	if (tmp != kpte)
		goto out_unlock;

	pbase = (pte_t *)page_address(base);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
	paravirt_alloc_pt(&init_mm, page_to_pfn(base));
#endif
	ref_prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*kpte));

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	if (level == PG_LEVEL_1G) {
		pfninc = PMD_PAGE_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		pgprot_val(ref_prot) |= _PAGE_PSE;
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Get the target pfn from the original entry:
	 */
	pfn = pte_pfn(*kpte);
	for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pfn += pfninc)
		set_pte(&pbase[i], pfn_pte(pfn, ref_prot));

	/*
	 * Install the new, split up pagetable. Important details here:
	 *
	 * On Intel the NX bit of all levels must be cleared to make a
	 * page executable. See section 4.13.2 of Intel 64 and IA-32
	 * Architectures Software Developer's Manual).
	 *
	 * Mark the entry present. The current mapping might be
	 * set to not present, which we preserved above.
	 */
	ref_prot = pte_pgprot(pte_mkexec(pte_clrhuge(*kpte)));
	pgprot_val(ref_prot) |= _PAGE_PRESENT;
	__set_pmd_pte(kpte, address, mk_pte(base, ref_prot));
	base = NULL;

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);

	if (base)
		__free_pages(base, 0);

	return 0;
}

static int __change_page_attr(unsigned long address, struct cpa_data *cpa)
{
	int level, do_split, err;
	struct page *kpte_page;
	pte_t *kpte;

repeat:
	kpte = lookup_address(address, &level);
	if (!kpte)
		return -EINVAL;

	kpte_page = virt_to_page(kpte);
	BUG_ON(PageLRU(kpte_page));
	BUG_ON(PageCompound(kpte_page));

	if (level == PG_LEVEL_4K) {
		pte_t new_pte, old_pte = *kpte;
		pgprot_t new_prot = pte_pgprot(old_pte);

		if(!pte_val(old_pte)) {
			printk(KERN_WARNING "CPA: called for zero pte. "
			       "vaddr = %lx cpa->vaddr = %lx\n", address,
				cpa->vaddr);
			WARN_ON(1);
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		pgprot_val(new_prot) &= ~pgprot_val(cpa->mask_clr);
		pgprot_val(new_prot) |= pgprot_val(cpa->mask_set);

		new_prot = static_protections(new_prot, address);

		/*
		 * We need to keep the pfn from the existing PTE,
		 * after all we're only going to change it's attributes
		 * not the memory it points to
		 */
		new_pte = pfn_pte(pte_pfn(old_pte), canon_pgprot(new_prot));

		/*
		 * Do we really change anything ?
		 */
		if (pte_val(old_pte) != pte_val(new_pte)) {
			set_pte_atomic(kpte, new_pte);
			cpa->flushtlb = 1;
		}
		cpa->numpages = 1;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Check, whether we can keep the large page intact
	 * and just change the pte:
	 */
	do_split = try_preserve_large_page(kpte, address, cpa);
	/*
	 * When the range fits into the existing large page,
	 * return. cp->numpages and cpa->tlbflush have been updated in
	 * try_large_page:
	 */
	if (do_split <= 0)
		return do_split;

	/*
	 * We have to split the large page:
	 */
	err = split_large_page(kpte, address);
	if (!err) {
		cpa->flushtlb = 1;
		goto repeat;
	}

	return err;
}

/**
 * change_page_attr_addr - Change page table attributes in linear mapping
 * @address: Virtual address in linear mapping.
 * @prot:    New page table attribute (PAGE_*)
 *
 * Change page attributes of a page in the direct mapping. This is a variant
 * of change_page_attr() that also works on memory holes that do not have
 * mem_map entry (pfn_valid() is false).
 *
 * See change_page_attr() documentation for more details.
 *
 * Modules and drivers should use the set_memory_* APIs instead.
 */
static int change_page_attr_addr(struct cpa_data *cpa)
{
	int err;
	unsigned long address = cpa->vaddr;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	unsigned long phys_addr = __pa(address);

	/*
	 * If we are inside the high mapped kernel range, then we
	 * fixup the low mapping first. __va() returns the virtual
	 * address in the linear mapping:
	 */
	if (within(address, HIGH_MAP_START, HIGH_MAP_END))
		address = (unsigned long) __va(phys_addr);
#endif

	err = __change_page_attr(address, cpa);
	if (err)
		return err;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	/*
	 * If the physical address is inside the kernel map, we need
	 * to touch the high mapped kernel as well:
	 */
	if (within(phys_addr, 0, KERNEL_TEXT_SIZE)) {
		/*
		 * Calc the high mapping address. See __phys_addr()
		 * for the non obvious details.
		 *
		 * Note that NX and other required permissions are
		 * checked in static_protections().
		 */
		address = phys_addr + HIGH_MAP_START - phys_base;

		/*
		 * Our high aliases are imprecise, because we check
		 * everything between 0 and KERNEL_TEXT_SIZE, so do
		 * not propagate lookup failures back to users:
		 */
		__change_page_attr(address, cpa);
	}
#endif
	return err;
}

static int __change_page_attr_set_clr(struct cpa_data *cpa)
{
	int ret, numpages = cpa->numpages;

	while (numpages) {
		/*
		 * Store the remaining nr of pages for the large page
		 * preservation check.
		 */
		cpa->numpages = numpages;
		ret = change_page_attr_addr(cpa);
		if (ret)
			return ret;

		/*
		 * Adjust the number of pages with the result of the
		 * CPA operation. Either a large page has been
		 * preserved or a single page update happened.
		 */
		BUG_ON(cpa->numpages > numpages);
		numpages -= cpa->numpages;
		cpa->vaddr += cpa->numpages * PAGE_SIZE;
	}
	return 0;
}

static inline int cache_attr(pgprot_t attr)
{
	return pgprot_val(attr) &
		(_PAGE_PAT | _PAGE_PAT_LARGE | _PAGE_PWT | _PAGE_PCD);
}

static int change_page_attr_set_clr(unsigned long addr, int numpages,
				    pgprot_t mask_set, pgprot_t mask_clr)
{
	struct cpa_data cpa;
	int ret, cache;

	/*
	 * Check, if we are requested to change a not supported
	 * feature:
	 */
	mask_set = canon_pgprot(mask_set);
	mask_clr = canon_pgprot(mask_clr);
	if (!pgprot_val(mask_set) && !pgprot_val(mask_clr))
		return 0;

	cpa.vaddr = addr;
	cpa.numpages = numpages;
	cpa.mask_set = mask_set;
	cpa.mask_clr = mask_clr;
	cpa.flushtlb = 0;

	ret = __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa);

	/*
	 * Check whether we really changed something:
	 */
	if (!cpa.flushtlb)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * No need to flush, when we did not set any of the caching
	 * attributes:
	 */
	cache = cache_attr(mask_set);

	/*
	 * On success we use clflush, when the CPU supports it to
	 * avoid the wbindv. If the CPU does not support it and in the
	 * error case we fall back to cpa_flush_all (which uses
	 * wbindv):
	 */
	if (!ret && cpu_has_clflush)
		cpa_flush_range(addr, numpages, cache);
	else
		cpa_flush_all(cache);

	return ret;
}

static inline int change_page_attr_set(unsigned long addr, int numpages,
				       pgprot_t mask)
{
	return change_page_attr_set_clr(addr, numpages, mask, __pgprot(0));
}

static inline int change_page_attr_clear(unsigned long addr, int numpages,
					 pgprot_t mask)
{
	return change_page_attr_set_clr(addr, numpages, __pgprot(0), mask);
}

int set_memory_uc(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_set(addr, numpages,
				    __pgprot(_PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_uc);

int set_memory_wb(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_clear(addr, numpages,
				      __pgprot(_PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_wb);

int set_memory_x(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_clear(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_NX));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_x);

int set_memory_nx(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_set(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_NX));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_nx);

int set_memory_ro(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_clear(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_RW));
}

int set_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_set(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_RW));
}

int set_memory_np(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
{
	return change_page_attr_clear(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT));
}

int set_pages_uc(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_uc(addr, numpages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_uc);

int set_pages_wb(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_wb(addr, numpages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_wb);

int set_pages_x(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_x(addr, numpages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_x);

int set_pages_nx(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_nx(addr, numpages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_nx);

int set_pages_ro(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_ro(addr, numpages);
}

int set_pages_rw(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);

	return set_memory_rw(addr, numpages);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC

static int __set_pages_p(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	struct cpa_data cpa = { .vaddr = (unsigned long) page_address(page),
				.numpages = numpages,
				.mask_set = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW),
				.mask_clr = __pgprot(0)};

	return __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa);
}

static int __set_pages_np(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
	struct cpa_data cpa = { .vaddr = (unsigned long) page_address(page),
				.numpages = numpages,
				.mask_set = __pgprot(0),
				.mask_clr = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW)};

	return __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa);
}

void kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable)
{
	if (PageHighMem(page))
		return;
	if (!enable) {
		debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),
					   numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
	}

	/*
	 * If page allocator is not up yet then do not call c_p_a():
	 */
	if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled)
		return;

	/*
	 * The return value is ignored - the calls cannot fail,
	 * large pages are disabled at boot time:
	 */
	if (enable)
		__set_pages_p(page, numpages);
	else
		__set_pages_np(page, numpages);

	/*
	 * We should perform an IPI and flush all tlbs,
	 * but that can deadlock->flush only current cpu:
	 */
	__flush_tlb_all();
}
#endif

/*
 * The testcases use internal knowledge of the implementation that shouldn't
 * be exposed to the rest of the kernel. Include these directly here.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
#include "pageattr-test.c"
#endif