i2c: Improve dev-interface documentation
* Clarify some points.
* Point developers to i2c-tools instead of lm_sensors.
* Fix coding style in code examples.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface b/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface
index 9dd7912..689a79e 100644
--- a/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
Each registered i2c adapter gets a number, counting from 0. You can
examine /sys/class/i2c-dev/ to see what number corresponds to which adapter.
+Alternatively, you can run "i2cdetect -l" to obtain a formated list of all
+i2c adapters present on your system at a given time. i2cdetect is part of
+the i2c-tools package.
+
I2C device files are character device files with major device number 89
and a minor device number corresponding to the number assigned as
explained above. They should be called "i2c-%d" (i2c-0, i2c-1, ...,
@@ -17,30 +21,34 @@
first thing to do is "#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>". Please note that
there are two files named "i2c-dev.h" out there, one is distributed
with the Linux kernel and is meant to be included from kernel
-driver code, the other one is distributed with lm_sensors and is
+driver code, the other one is distributed with i2c-tools and is
meant to be included from user-space programs. You obviously want
the second one here.
Now, you have to decide which adapter you want to access. You should
-inspect /sys/class/i2c-dev/ to decide this. Adapter numbers are assigned
-somewhat dynamically, so you can not even assume /dev/i2c-0 is the
-first adapter.
+inspect /sys/class/i2c-dev/ or run "i2cdetect -l" to decide this.
+Adapter numbers are assigned somewhat dynamically, so you can not
+assume much about them. They can even change from one boot to the next.
Next thing, open the device file, as follows:
+
int file;
int adapter_nr = 2; /* probably dynamically determined */
char filename[20];
- sprintf(filename,"/dev/i2c-%d",adapter_nr);
- if ((file = open(filename,O_RDWR)) < 0) {
+ snprintf(filename, 19, "/dev/i2c-%d", adapter_nr);
+ file = open(filename, O_RDWR);
+ if (file < 0) {
/* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
exit(1);
}
When you have opened the device, you must specify with what device
address you want to communicate:
+
int addr = 0x40; /* The I2C address */
- if (ioctl(file,I2C_SLAVE,addr) < 0) {
+
+ if (ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, addr) < 0) {
/* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
exit(1);
}
@@ -48,31 +56,41 @@
Well, you are all set up now. You can now use SMBus commands or plain
I2C to communicate with your device. SMBus commands are preferred if
the device supports them. Both are illustrated below.
+
__u8 register = 0x10; /* Device register to access */
__s32 res;
char buf[10];
+
/* Using SMBus commands */
- res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file,register);
+ res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file, register);
if (res < 0) {
/* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
} else {
/* res contains the read word */
}
+
/* Using I2C Write, equivalent of
- i2c_smbus_write_word_data(file,register,0x6543) */
+ i2c_smbus_write_word_data(file, register, 0x6543) */
buf[0] = register;
buf[1] = 0x43;
buf[2] = 0x65;
- if ( write(file,buf,3) != 3) {
+ if (write(file, buf, 3) ! =3) {
/* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
}
+
/* Using I2C Read, equivalent of i2c_smbus_read_byte(file) */
- if (read(file,buf,1) != 1) {
+ if (read(file, buf, 1) != 1) {
/* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
} else {
/* buf[0] contains the read byte */
}
+Note that only a subset of the I2C and SMBus protocols can be achieved by
+the means of read() and write() calls. In particular, so-called combined
+transactions (mixing read and write messages in the same transaction)
+aren't supported. For this reason, this interface is almost never used by
+user-space programs.
+
IMPORTANT: because of the use of inline functions, you *have* to use
'-O' or some variation when you compile your program!
@@ -80,31 +98,29 @@
Full interface description
==========================
-The following IOCTLs are defined and fully supported
-(see also i2c-dev.h):
+The following IOCTLs are defined:
-ioctl(file,I2C_SLAVE,long addr)
+ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, long addr)
Change slave address. The address is passed in the 7 lower bits of the
argument (except for 10 bit addresses, passed in the 10 lower bits in this
case).
-ioctl(file,I2C_TENBIT,long select)
+ioctl(file, I2C_TENBIT, long select)
Selects ten bit addresses if select not equals 0, selects normal 7 bit
addresses if select equals 0. Default 0. This request is only valid
if the adapter has I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR.
-ioctl(file,I2C_PEC,long select)
+ioctl(file, I2C_PEC, long select)
Selects SMBus PEC (packet error checking) generation and verification
if select not equals 0, disables if select equals 0. Default 0.
Used only for SMBus transactions. This request only has an effect if the
the adapter has I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PEC; it is still safe if not, it just
doesn't have any effect.
-ioctl(file,I2C_FUNCS,unsigned long *funcs)
+ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, unsigned long *funcs)
Gets the adapter functionality and puts it in *funcs.
-ioctl(file,I2C_RDWR,struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data *msgset)
-
+ioctl(file, I2C_RDWR, struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data *msgset)
Do combined read/write transaction without stop in between.
Only valid if the adapter has I2C_FUNC_I2C. The argument is
a pointer to a
@@ -120,10 +136,9 @@
The slave address and whether to use ten bit address mode has to be
set in each message, overriding the values set with the above ioctl's.
-
-Other values are NOT supported at this moment, except for I2C_SMBUS,
-which you should never directly call; instead, use the access functions
-below.
+ioctl(file, I2C_SMBUS, struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data *args)
+ Not meant to be called directly; instead, use the access functions
+ below.
You can do plain i2c transactions by using read(2) and write(2) calls.
You do not need to pass the address byte; instead, set it through
@@ -148,7 +163,7 @@
returns the number of values read. The block buffers need not be longer
than 32 bytes.
-The above functions are all macros, that resolve to calls to the
-i2c_smbus_access function, that on its turn calls a specific ioctl
+The above functions are all inline functions, that resolve to calls to
+the i2c_smbus_access function, that on its turn calls a specific ioctl
with the data in a specific format. Read the source code if you
want to know what happens behind the screens.