arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c

/*
 * misc.c
 *
 * This is a collection of several routines used to extract the kernel
 * which includes KASLR relocation, decompression, ELF parsing, and
 * relocation processing. Additionally included are the screen and serial
 * output functions and related debugging support functions.
 *
 * malloc by Hannu Savolainen 1993 and Matthias Urlichs 1994
 * puts by Nick Holloway 1993, better puts by Martin Mares 1995
 * High loaded stuff by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, Feb. 1996
 */

#include "misc.h"
#include "../string.h"

/* WARNING!!
 * This code is compiled with -fPIC and it is relocated dynamically
 * at run time, but no relocation processing is performed.
 * This means that it is not safe to place pointers in static structures.
 */

/*
 * Getting to provable safe in place decompression is hard.
 * Worst case behaviours need to be analyzed.
 * Background information:
 *
 * The file layout is:
 *    magic[2]
 *    method[1]
 *    flags[1]
 *    timestamp[4]
 *    extraflags[1]
 *    os[1]
 *    compressed data blocks[N]
 *    crc[4] orig_len[4]
 *
 * resulting in 18 bytes of non compressed data overhead.
 *
 * Files divided into blocks
 * 1 bit (last block flag)
 * 2 bits (block type)
 *
 * 1 block occurs every 32K -1 bytes or when there 50% compression
 * has been achieved. The smallest block type encoding is always used.
 *
 * stored:
 *    32 bits length in bytes.
 *
 * fixed:
 *    magic fixed tree.
 *    symbols.
 *
 * dynamic:
 *    dynamic tree encoding.
 *    symbols.
 *
 *
 * The buffer for decompression in place is the length of the
 * uncompressed data, plus a small amount extra to keep the algorithm safe.
 * The compressed data is placed at the end of the buffer.  The output
 * pointer is placed at the start of the buffer and the input pointer
 * is placed where the compressed data starts.  Problems will occur
 * when the output pointer overruns the input pointer.
 *
 * The output pointer can only overrun the input pointer if the input
 * pointer is moving faster than the output pointer.  A condition only
 * triggered by data whose compressed form is larger than the uncompressed
 * form.
 *
 * The worst case at the block level is a growth of the compressed data
 * of 5 bytes per 32767 bytes.
 *
 * The worst case internal to a compressed block is very hard to figure.
 * The worst case can at least be boundined by having one bit that represents
 * 32764 bytes and then all of the rest of the bytes representing the very
 * very last byte.
 *
 * All of which is enough to compute an amount of extra data that is required
 * to be safe.  To avoid problems at the block level allocating 5 extra bytes
 * per 32767 bytes of data is sufficient.  To avoind problems internal to a
 * block adding an extra 32767 bytes (the worst case uncompressed block size)
 * is sufficient, to ensure that in the worst case the decompressed data for
 * block will stop the byte before the compressed data for a block begins.
 * To avoid problems with the compressed data's meta information an extra 18
 * bytes are needed.  Leading to the formula:
 *
 * extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 32768 + 18 + decompressor_size.
 *
 * Adding 8 bytes per 32K is a bit excessive but much easier to calculate.
 * Adding 32768 instead of 32767 just makes for round numbers.
 * Adding the decompressor_size is necessary as it musht live after all
 * of the data as well.  Last I measured the decompressor is about 14K.
 * 10K of actual data and 4K of bss.
 *
 */

/*
 * gzip declarations
 */
#define STATIC		static

#undef memcpy

/*
 * Use a normal definition of memset() from string.c. There are already
 * included header files which expect a definition of memset() and by
 * the time we define memset macro, it is too late.
 */
#undef memset
#define memzero(s, n)	memset((s), 0, (n))


static void error(char *m);

/*
 * This is set up by the setup-routine at boot-time
 */
struct boot_params *boot_params;

memptr free_mem_ptr;
memptr free_mem_end_ptr;

static char *vidmem;
static int vidport;
static int lines, cols;

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_inflate.c"
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_BZIP2
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_bunzip2.c"
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZMA
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlzma.c"
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_XZ
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_unxz.c"
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZO
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlzo.c"
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZ4
#include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlz4.c"
#endif

static void scroll(void)
{
	int i;

	memcpy(vidmem, vidmem + cols * 2, (lines - 1) * cols * 2);
	for (i = (lines - 1) * cols * 2; i < lines * cols * 2; i += 2)
		vidmem[i] = ' ';
}

#define XMTRDY          0x20

#define TXR             0       /*  Transmit register (WRITE) */
#define LSR             5       /*  Line Status               */
static void serial_putchar(int ch)
{
	unsigned timeout = 0xffff;

	while ((inb(early_serial_base + LSR) & XMTRDY) == 0 && --timeout)
		cpu_relax();

	outb(ch, early_serial_base + TXR);
}

void __putstr(const char *s)
{
	int x, y, pos;
	char c;

	if (early_serial_base) {
		const char *str = s;
		while (*str) {
			if (*str == '\n')
				serial_putchar('\r');
			serial_putchar(*str++);
		}
	}

	if (boot_params->screen_info.orig_video_mode == 0 &&
	    lines == 0 && cols == 0)
		return;

	x = boot_params->screen_info.orig_x;
	y = boot_params->screen_info.orig_y;

	while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
		if (c == '\n') {
			x = 0;
			if (++y >= lines) {
				scroll();
				y--;
			}
		} else {
			vidmem[(x + cols * y) * 2] = c;
			if (++x >= cols) {
				x = 0;
				if (++y >= lines) {
					scroll();
					y--;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	boot_params->screen_info.orig_x = x;
	boot_params->screen_info.orig_y = y;

	pos = (x + cols * y) * 2;	/* Update cursor position */
	outb(14, vidport);
	outb(0xff & (pos >> 9), vidport+1);
	outb(15, vidport);
	outb(0xff & (pos >> 1), vidport+1);
}

void __puthex(unsigned long value)
{
	char alpha[2] = "0";
	int bits;

	for (bits = sizeof(value) * 8 - 4; bits >= 0; bits -= 4) {
		unsigned long digit = (value >> bits) & 0xf;

		if (digit < 0xA)
			alpha[0] = '0' + digit;
		else
			alpha[0] = 'a' + (digit - 0xA);

		__putstr(alpha);
	}
}

static void error(char *x)
{
	error_putstr("\n\n");
	error_putstr(x);
	error_putstr("\n\n -- System halted");

	while (1)
		asm("hlt");
}

#if CONFIG_X86_NEED_RELOCS
static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len)
{
	int *reloc;
	unsigned long delta, map, ptr;
	unsigned long min_addr = (unsigned long)output;
	unsigned long max_addr = min_addr + output_len;

	/*
	 * Calculate the delta between where vmlinux was linked to load
	 * and where it was actually loaded.
	 */
	delta = min_addr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
	if (!delta) {
		debug_putstr("No relocation needed... ");
		return;
	}
	debug_putstr("Performing relocations... ");

	/*
	 * The kernel contains a table of relocation addresses. Those
	 * addresses have the final load address of the kernel in virtual
	 * memory. We are currently working in the self map. So we need to
	 * create an adjustment for kernel memory addresses to the self map.
	 * This will involve subtracting out the base address of the kernel.
	 */
	map = delta - __START_KERNEL_map;

	/*
	 * Process relocations: 32 bit relocations first then 64 bit after.
	 * Three sets of binary relocations are added to the end of the kernel
	 * before compression. Each relocation table entry is the kernel
	 * address of the location which needs to be updated stored as a
	 * 32-bit value which is sign extended to 64 bits.
	 *
	 * Format is:
	 *
	 * kernel bits...
	 * 0 - zero terminator for 64 bit relocations
	 * 64 bit relocation repeated
	 * 0 - zero terminator for inverse 32 bit relocations
	 * 32 bit inverse relocation repeated
	 * 0 - zero terminator for 32 bit relocations
	 * 32 bit relocation repeated
	 *
	 * So we work backwards from the end of the decompressed image.
	 */
	for (reloc = output + output_len - sizeof(*reloc); *reloc; reloc--) {
		int extended = *reloc;
		extended += map;

		ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
		if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
			error("32-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");

		*(uint32_t *)ptr += delta;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	while (*--reloc) {
		long extended = *reloc;
		extended += map;

		ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
		if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
			error("inverse 32-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");

		*(int32_t *)ptr -= delta;
	}
	for (reloc--; *reloc; reloc--) {
		long extended = *reloc;
		extended += map;

		ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
		if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
			error("64-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");

		*(uint64_t *)ptr += delta;
	}
#endif
}
#else
static inline void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len)
{ }
#endif

static void parse_elf(void *output)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
	Elf64_Phdr *phdrs, *phdr;
#else
	Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
	Elf32_Phdr *phdrs, *phdr;
#endif
	void *dest;
	int i;

	memcpy(&ehdr, output, sizeof(ehdr));
	if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 ||
	   ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 ||
	   ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 ||
	   ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3) {
		error("Kernel is not a valid ELF file");
		return;
	}

	debug_putstr("Parsing ELF... ");

	phdrs = malloc(sizeof(*phdrs) * ehdr.e_phnum);
	if (!phdrs)
		error("Failed to allocate space for phdrs");

	memcpy(phdrs, output + ehdr.e_phoff, sizeof(*phdrs) * ehdr.e_phnum);

	for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) {
		phdr = &phdrs[i];

		switch (phdr->p_type) {
		case PT_LOAD:
#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
			dest = output;
			dest += (phdr->p_paddr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR);
#else
			dest = (void *)(phdr->p_paddr);
#endif
			memcpy(dest,
			       output + phdr->p_offset,
			       phdr->p_filesz);
			break;
		default: /* Ignore other PT_* */ break;
		}
	}

	free(phdrs);
}

asmlinkage __visible void *extract_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap,
				  unsigned char *input_data,
				  unsigned long input_len,
				  unsigned char *output,
				  unsigned long output_len,
				  unsigned long run_size)
{
	unsigned char *output_orig = output;

	/* Retain x86 boot parameters pointer passed from startup_32/64. */
	boot_params = rmode;

	/* Clear flags intended for solely in-kernel use. */
	boot_params->hdr.loadflags &= ~KASLR_FLAG;

	sanitize_boot_params(boot_params);

	if (boot_params->screen_info.orig_video_mode == 7) {
		vidmem = (char *) 0xb0000;
		vidport = 0x3b4;
	} else {
		vidmem = (char *) 0xb8000;
		vidport = 0x3d4;
	}

	lines = boot_params->screen_info.orig_video_lines;
	cols = boot_params->screen_info.orig_video_cols;

	console_init();
	debug_putstr("early console in extract_kernel\n");

	free_mem_ptr     = heap;	/* Heap */
	free_mem_end_ptr = heap + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE;

	/* Report initial kernel position details. */
	debug_putaddr(input_data);
	debug_putaddr(input_len);
	debug_putaddr(output);
	debug_putaddr(output_len);
	debug_putaddr(run_size);

	/*
	 * The memory hole needed for the kernel is the larger of either
	 * the entire decompressed kernel plus relocation table, or the
	 * entire decompressed kernel plus .bss and .brk sections.
	 */
	output = choose_kernel_location(input_data, input_len, output,
					output_len > run_size ? output_len
							      : run_size);

	/* Validate memory location choices. */
	if ((unsigned long)output & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1))
		error("Destination address inappropriately aligned");
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	if (heap > 0x3fffffffffffUL)
		error("Destination address too large");
#else
	if (heap > ((-__PAGE_OFFSET-(128<<20)-1) & 0x7fffffff))
		error("Destination address too large");
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
	if ((unsigned long)output != LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR)
		error("Wrong destination address");
#endif

	debug_putstr("\nDecompressing Linux... ");
	__decompress(input_data, input_len, NULL, NULL, output, output_len,
			NULL, error);
	parse_elf(output);
	/*
	 * 32-bit always performs relocations. 64-bit relocations are only
	 * needed if kASLR has chosen a different load address.
	 */
	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) || output != output_orig)
		handle_relocations(output, output_len);
	debug_putstr("done.\nBooting the kernel.\n");
	return output;
}