diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
index 6f412ab4..5086bb9 100644
--- a/lib/radix-tree.c
+++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
@@ -82,6 +82,16 @@
 };
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct radix_tree_preload, radix_tree_preloads) = { 0, };
 
+static inline void *ptr_to_indirect(void *ptr)
+{
+	return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr | RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
+}
+
+static inline void *indirect_to_ptr(void *ptr)
+{
+	return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr & ~RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
+}
+
 static inline gfp_t root_gfp_mask(struct radix_tree_root *root)
 {
 	return root->gfp_mask & __GFP_BITS_MASK;
@@ -265,7 +275,7 @@
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
 		/* Increase the height.  */
-		node->slots[0] = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
+		node->slots[0] = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
 
 		/* Propagate the aggregated tag info into the new root */
 		for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
@@ -276,7 +286,7 @@
 		newheight = root->height+1;
 		node->height = newheight;
 		node->count = 1;
-		node = radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(node);
+		node = ptr_to_indirect(node);
 		rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, node);
 		root->height = newheight;
 	} while (height > root->height);
@@ -309,7 +319,7 @@
 			return error;
 	}
 
-	slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
+	slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
 
 	height = root->height;
 	shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
@@ -325,8 +335,7 @@
 				rcu_assign_pointer(node->slots[offset], slot);
 				node->count++;
 			} else
-				rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode,
-					radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(slot));
+				rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, ptr_to_indirect(slot));
 		}
 
 		/* Go a level down */
@@ -374,7 +383,7 @@
 			return NULL;
 		return is_slot ? (void *)&root->rnode : node;
 	}
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	height = node->height;
 	if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
@@ -393,7 +402,7 @@
 		height--;
 	} while (height > 0);
 
-	return is_slot ? (void *)slot:node;
+	return is_slot ? (void *)slot : indirect_to_ptr(node);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -455,7 +464,7 @@
 	height = root->height;
 	BUG_ON(index > radix_tree_maxindex(height));
 
-	slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
+	slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
 	shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
 
 	while (height > 0) {
@@ -509,7 +518,7 @@
 
 	shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
 	pathp->node = NULL;
-	slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
+	slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
 
 	while (height > 0) {
 		int offset;
@@ -579,7 +588,7 @@
 
 	if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node))
 		return (index == 0);
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	height = node->height;
 	if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
@@ -666,7 +675,7 @@
 	}
 
 	shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
-	slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
+	slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
 
 	/*
 	 * we fill the path from (root->height - 2) to 0, leaving the index at
@@ -897,7 +906,7 @@
 		results[0] = node;
 		return 1;
 	}
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
 
@@ -916,7 +925,8 @@
 			slot = *(((void ***)results)[ret + i]);
 			if (!slot)
 				continue;
-			results[ret + nr_found] = rcu_dereference_raw(slot);
+			results[ret + nr_found] =
+				indirect_to_ptr(rcu_dereference_raw(slot));
 			nr_found++;
 		}
 		ret += nr_found;
@@ -965,7 +975,7 @@
 		results[0] = (void **)&root->rnode;
 		return 1;
 	}
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
 
@@ -1090,7 +1100,7 @@
 		results[0] = node;
 		return 1;
 	}
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
 
@@ -1109,7 +1119,8 @@
 			slot = *(((void ***)results)[ret + i]);
 			if (!slot)
 				continue;
-			results[ret + nr_found] = rcu_dereference_raw(slot);
+			results[ret + nr_found] =
+				indirect_to_ptr(rcu_dereference_raw(slot));
 			nr_found++;
 		}
 		ret += nr_found;
@@ -1159,7 +1170,7 @@
 		results[0] = (void **)&root->rnode;
 		return 1;
 	}
-	node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
+	node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
 
 	max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
 
@@ -1195,7 +1206,7 @@
 		void *newptr;
 
 		BUG_ON(!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(to_free));
-		to_free = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(to_free);
+		to_free = indirect_to_ptr(to_free);
 
 		/*
 		 * The candidate node has more than one child, or its child
@@ -1208,16 +1219,39 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * We don't need rcu_assign_pointer(), since we are simply
-		 * moving the node from one part of the tree to another. If
-		 * it was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
+		 * moving the node from one part of the tree to another: if it
+		 * was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
 		 * (to_free->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
-		 * one (root->rnode).
+		 * one (root->rnode) as far as dependent read barriers go.
 		 */
 		newptr = to_free->slots[0];
 		if (root->height > 1)
-			newptr = radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(newptr);
+			newptr = ptr_to_indirect(newptr);
 		root->rnode = newptr;
 		root->height--;
+
+		/*
+		 * We have a dilemma here. The node's slot[0] must not be
+		 * NULLed in case there are concurrent lookups expecting to
+		 * find the item. However if this was a bottom-level node,
+		 * then it may be subject to the slot pointer being visible
+		 * to callers dereferencing it. If item corresponding to
+		 * slot[0] is subsequently deleted, these callers would expect
+		 * their slot to become empty sooner or later.
+		 *
+		 * For example, lockless pagecache will look up a slot, deref
+		 * the page pointer, and if the page is 0 refcount it means it
+		 * was concurrently deleted from pagecache so try the deref
+		 * again. Fortunately there is already a requirement for logic
+		 * to retry the entire slot lookup -- the indirect pointer
+		 * problem (replacing direct root node with an indirect pointer
+		 * also results in a stale slot). So tag the slot as indirect
+		 * to force callers to retry.
+		 */
+		if (root->height == 0)
+			*((unsigned long *)&to_free->slots[0]) |=
+						RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR;
+
 		radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
 	}
 }
@@ -1254,7 +1288,7 @@
 		root->rnode = NULL;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(slot);
+	slot = indirect_to_ptr(slot);
 
 	shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
 	pathp->node = NULL;
@@ -1296,8 +1330,7 @@
 			radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
 
 		if (pathp->node->count) {
-			if (pathp->node ==
-					radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode))
+			if (pathp->node == indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode))
 				radix_tree_shrink(root);
 			goto out;
 		}