tools/perf/util/pmu.c - kernel/msm-4.9 - Gitiles

 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include "fs.h"
 #include <locale.h>
 #include "util.h"
 #include "pmu.h"
 #include "parse-events.h"
 #include "cpumap.h"

 #define UNIT_MAX_LEN	31 /* max length for event unit name */

 struct perf_pmu_alias {
 	char *name;
 	struct list_head terms;
 	struct list_head list;
 	char unit[UNIT_MAX_LEN+1];
 	double scale;
 };

 struct perf_pmu_format {
 	char *name;
 	int value;
 	DECLARE_BITMAP(bits, PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS);
 	struct list_head list;
 };

 #define EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "/bus/event_source/devices/"

 int perf_pmu_parse(struct list_head *list, char *name);
 extern FILE *perf_pmu_in;

 static LIST_HEAD(pmus);

 /*
  * Parse & process all the sysfs attributes located under
  * the directory specified in 'dir' parameter.
  */
 int perf_pmu__format_parse(char *dir, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	struct dirent *evt_ent;
 	DIR *format_dir;
 	int ret = 0;

 	format_dir = opendir(dir);
 	if (!format_dir)
 		return -EINVAL;

 	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(format_dir))) {
 		char path[PATH_MAX];
 		char *name = evt_ent->d_name;
 		FILE *file;

 		if (!strcmp(name, ".") || !strcmp(name, ".."))
 			continue;

 		snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", dir, name);

 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		file = fopen(path, "r");
 		if (!file)
 			break;

 		perf_pmu_in = file;
 		ret = perf_pmu_parse(head, name);
 		fclose(file);
 	}

 	closedir(format_dir);
 	return ret;
 }

 /*
  * Reading/parsing the default pmu format definition, which should be
  * located at:
  * /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/format as sysfs group attributes.
  */
 static int pmu_format(const char *name, struct list_head *format)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

 	if (!sysfs)
 		return -1;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
 		 "%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "%s/format", sysfs, name);

 	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
 		return 0;	/* no error if format does not exist */

 	if (perf_pmu__format_parse(path, format))
 		return -1;

 	return 0;
 }

 static int perf_pmu__parse_scale(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias, char *dir, char *name)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	ssize_t sret;
 	char scale[128];
 	int fd, ret = -1;
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	char *lc;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s.scale", dir, name);

 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd == -1)
 		return -1;

 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 		goto error;

 	sret = read(fd, scale, sizeof(scale)-1);
 	if (sret < 0)
 		goto error;

 	scale[sret] = '\0';
 	/*
 	 * save current locale
 	 */
 	lc = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL);

 	/*
 	 * force to C locale to ensure kernel
 	 * scale string is converted correctly.
 	 * kernel uses default C locale.
 	 */
 	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");

 	alias->scale = strtod(scale, NULL);

 	/* restore locale */
 	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, lc);

 	ret = 0;
 error:
 	close(fd);
 	return ret;
 }

 static int perf_pmu__parse_unit(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias, char *dir, char *name)
 {
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	ssize_t sret;
 	int fd;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s.unit", dir, name);

 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd == -1)
 		return -1;

 		sret = read(fd, alias->unit, UNIT_MAX_LEN);
 	if (sret < 0)
 		goto error;

 	close(fd);

 	alias->unit[sret] = '\0';

 	return 0;
 error:
 	close(fd);
 	alias->unit[0] = '\0';
 	return -1;
 }

 static int perf_pmu__new_alias(struct list_head *list, char *dir, char *name, FILE *file)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
 	char buf[256];
 	int ret;

 	ret = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), file);
 	if (ret == 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	buf[ret] = 0;

 	alias = malloc(sizeof(*alias));
 	if (!alias)
 		return -ENOMEM;

 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&alias->terms);
 	alias->scale = 1.0;
 	alias->unit[0] = '\0';

 	ret = parse_events_terms(&alias->terms, buf);
 	if (ret) {
 		free(alias);
 		return ret;
 	}

 	alias->name = strdup(name);
 	/*
 	 * load unit name and scale if available
 	 */
 	perf_pmu__parse_unit(alias, dir, name);
 	perf_pmu__parse_scale(alias, dir, name);

 	list_add_tail(&alias->list, list);

 	return 0;
 }

 /*
  * Process all the sysfs attributes located under the directory
  * specified in 'dir' parameter.
  */
 static int pmu_aliases_parse(char *dir, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	struct dirent *evt_ent;
 	DIR *event_dir;
 	size_t len;
 	int ret = 0;

 	event_dir = opendir(dir);
 	if (!event_dir)
 		return -EINVAL;

 	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(event_dir))) {
 		char path[PATH_MAX];
 		char *name = evt_ent->d_name;
 		FILE *file;

 		if (!strcmp(name, ".") || !strcmp(name, ".."))
 			continue;

 		/*
 		 * skip .unit and .scale info files
 		 * parsed in perf_pmu__new_alias()
 		 */
 		len = strlen(name);
 		if (len > 5 && !strcmp(name + len - 5, ".unit"))
 			continue;
 		if (len > 6 && !strcmp(name + len - 6, ".scale"))
 			continue;

 		snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", dir, name);

 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		file = fopen(path, "r");
 		if (!file)
 			break;

 		ret = perf_pmu__new_alias(head, dir, name, file);
 		fclose(file);
 	}

 	closedir(event_dir);
 	return ret;
 }

 /*
  * Reading the pmu event aliases definition, which should be located at:
  * /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/events as sysfs group attributes.
  */
 static int pmu_aliases(const char *name, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

 	if (!sysfs)
 		return -1;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
 		 "%s/bus/event_source/devices/%s/events", sysfs, name);

 	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
 		return 0;	 /* no error if 'events' does not exist */

 	if (pmu_aliases_parse(path, head))
 		return -1;

 	return 0;
 }

 static int pmu_alias_terms(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias,
 			   struct list_head *terms)
 {
 	struct parse_events_term *term, *clone;
 	LIST_HEAD(list);
 	int ret;

 	list_for_each_entry(term, &alias->terms, list) {
 		ret = parse_events_term__clone(&clone, term);
 		if (ret) {
 			parse_events__free_terms(&list);
 			return ret;
 		}
 		list_add_tail(&clone->list, &list);
 	}
 	list_splice(&list, terms);
 	return 0;
 }

 /*
  * Reading/parsing the default pmu type value, which should be
  * located at:
  * /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/type as sysfs attribute.
  */
 static int pmu_type(const char *name, __u32 *type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	FILE *file;
 	int ret = 0;
 	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

 	if (!sysfs)
 		return -1;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
 		 "%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "%s/type", sysfs, name);

 	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
 		return -1;

 	file = fopen(path, "r");
 	if (!file)
 		return -EINVAL;

 	if (1 != fscanf(file, "%u", type))
 		ret = -1;

 	fclose(file);
 	return ret;
 }

 /* Add all pmus in sysfs to pmu list: */
 static void pmu_read_sysfs(void)
 {
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *dent;
 	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

 	if (!sysfs)
 		return;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
 		 "%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH, sysfs);

 	dir = opendir(path);
 	if (!dir)
 		return;

 	while ((dent = readdir(dir))) {
 		if (!strcmp(dent->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(dent->d_name, ".."))
 			continue;
 		/* add to static LIST_HEAD(pmus): */
 		perf_pmu__find(dent->d_name);
 	}

 	closedir(dir);
 }

 static struct cpu_map *pmu_cpumask(const char *name)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	FILE *file;
 	struct cpu_map *cpus;
 	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

 	if (!sysfs)
 		return NULL;

 	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
 		 "%s/bus/event_source/devices/%s/cpumask", sysfs, name);

 	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
 		return NULL;

 	file = fopen(path, "r");
 	if (!file)
 		return NULL;

 	cpus = cpu_map__read(file);
 	fclose(file);
 	return cpus;
 }

 static struct perf_pmu *pmu_lookup(const char *name)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
 	LIST_HEAD(format);
 	LIST_HEAD(aliases);
 	__u32 type;

 	/*
 	 * The pmu data we store & need consists of the pmu
 	 * type value and format definitions. Load both right
 	 * now.
 	 */
 	if (pmu_format(name, &format))
 		return NULL;

 	if (pmu_aliases(name, &aliases))
 		return NULL;

 	if (pmu_type(name, &type))
 		return NULL;

 	pmu = zalloc(sizeof(*pmu));
 	if (!pmu)
 		return NULL;

 	pmu->cpus = pmu_cpumask(name);

 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pmu->format);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pmu->aliases);
 	list_splice(&format, &pmu->format);
 	list_splice(&aliases, &pmu->aliases);
 	pmu->name = strdup(name);
 	pmu->type = type;
 	list_add_tail(&pmu->list, &pmus);
 	return pmu;
 }

 static struct perf_pmu *pmu_find(const char *name)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;

 	list_for_each_entry(pmu, &pmus, list)
 		if (!strcmp(pmu->name, name))
 			return pmu;

 	return NULL;
 }

 struct perf_pmu *perf_pmu__scan(struct perf_pmu *pmu)
 {
 	/*
 	 * pmu iterator: If pmu is NULL, we start at the begin,
 	 * otherwise return the next pmu. Returns NULL on end.
 	 */
 	if (!pmu) {
 		pmu_read_sysfs();
 		pmu = list_prepare_entry(pmu, &pmus, list);
 	}
 	list_for_each_entry_continue(pmu, &pmus, list)
 		return pmu;
 	return NULL;
 }

 struct perf_pmu *perf_pmu__find(const char *name)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;

 	/*
 	 * Once PMU is loaded it stays in the list,
 	 * so we keep us from multiple reading/parsing
 	 * the pmu format definitions.
 	 */
 	pmu = pmu_find(name);
 	if (pmu)
 		return pmu;

 	return pmu_lookup(name);
 }

 static struct perf_pmu_format *
 pmu_find_format(struct list_head *formats, char *name)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu_format *format;

 	list_for_each_entry(format, formats, list)
 		if (!strcmp(format->name, name))
 			return format;

 	return NULL;
 }

 /*
  * Returns value based on the format definition (format parameter)
  * and unformated value (value parameter).
  *
  * TODO maybe optimize a little ;)
  */
 static __u64 pmu_format_value(unsigned long *format, __u64 value)
 {
 	unsigned long fbit, vbit;
 	__u64 v = 0;

 	for (fbit = 0, vbit = 0; fbit < PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS; fbit++) {

 		if (!test_bit(fbit, format))
 			continue;

 		if (!(value & (1llu << vbit++)))
 			continue;

 		v |= (1llu << fbit);
 	}

 	return v;
 }

 /*
  * Setup one of config[12] attr members based on the
  * user input data - temr parameter.
  */
 static int pmu_config_term(struct list_head *formats,
 			   struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 			   struct parse_events_term *term)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu_format *format;
 	__u64 *vp;

 	/*
 	 * Support only for hardcoded and numnerial terms.
 	 * Hardcoded terms should be already in, so nothing
 	 * to be done for them.
 	 */
 	if (parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(term))
 		return 0;

 	if (term->type_val != PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM)
 		return -EINVAL;

 	format = pmu_find_format(formats, term->config);
 	if (!format)
 		return -EINVAL;

 	switch (format->value) {
 	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG:
 		vp = &attr->config;
 		break;
 	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG1:
 		vp = &attr->config1;
 		break;
 	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG2:
 		vp = &attr->config2;
 		break;
 	default:
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}

 	/*
 	 * XXX If we ever decide to go with string values for
 	 * non-hardcoded terms, here's the place to translate
 	 * them into value.
 	 */
 	*vp |= pmu_format_value(format->bits, term->val.num);
 	return 0;
 }

 int perf_pmu__config_terms(struct list_head *formats,
 			   struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 			   struct list_head *head_terms)
 {
 	struct parse_events_term *term;

 	list_for_each_entry(term, head_terms, list)
 		if (pmu_config_term(formats, attr, term))
 			return -EINVAL;

 	return 0;
 }

 /*
  * Configures event's 'attr' parameter based on the:
  * 1) users input - specified in terms parameter
  * 2) pmu format definitions - specified by pmu parameter
  */
 int perf_pmu__config(struct perf_pmu *pmu, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 		     struct list_head *head_terms)
 {
 	attr->type = pmu->type;
 	return perf_pmu__config_terms(&pmu->format, attr, head_terms);
 }

 static struct perf_pmu_alias *pmu_find_alias(struct perf_pmu *pmu,
 					     struct parse_events_term *term)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
 	char *name;

 	if (parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(term))
 		return NULL;

 	if (term->type_val == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM) {
 		if (term->val.num != 1)
 			return NULL;
 		if (pmu_find_format(&pmu->format, term->config))
 			return NULL;
 		name = term->config;
 	} else if (term->type_val == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR) {
 		if (strcasecmp(term->config, "event"))
 			return NULL;
 		name = term->val.str;
 	} else {
 		return NULL;
 	}

 	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
 		if (!strcasecmp(alias->name, name))
 			return alias;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }


 static int check_unit_scale(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias,
 			    char **unit, double *scale)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Only one term in event definition can
 	 * define unit and scale, fail if there's
 	 * more than one.
 	 */
 	if ((*unit && alias->unit) ||
 	    (*scale && alias->scale))
 		return -EINVAL;

 	if (alias->unit)
 		*unit = alias->unit;

 	if (alias->scale)
 		*scale = alias->scale;

 	return 0;
 }

 /*
  * Find alias in the terms list and replace it with the terms
  * defined for the alias
  */
 int perf_pmu__check_alias(struct perf_pmu *pmu, struct list_head *head_terms,
 			  char **unit, double *scale)
 {
 	struct parse_events_term *term, *h;
 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
 	int ret;

 	*unit   = NULL;
 	*scale  = 0;

 	list_for_each_entry_safe(term, h, head_terms, list) {
 		alias = pmu_find_alias(pmu, term);
 		if (!alias)
 			continue;
 		ret = pmu_alias_terms(alias, &term->list);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;

 		ret = check_unit_scale(alias, unit, scale);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;

 		list_del(&term->list);
 		free(term);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }

 int perf_pmu__new_format(struct list_head *list, char *name,
 			 int config, unsigned long *bits)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu_format *format;

 	format = zalloc(sizeof(*format));
 	if (!format)
 		return -ENOMEM;

 	format->name = strdup(name);
 	format->value = config;
 	memcpy(format->bits, bits, sizeof(format->bits));

 	list_add_tail(&format->list, list);
 	return 0;
 }

 void perf_pmu__set_format(unsigned long *bits, long from, long to)
 {
 	long b;

 	if (!to)
 		to = from;

 	memset(bits, 0, BITS_TO_BYTES(PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS));
 	for (b = from; b <= to; b++)
 		set_bit(b, bits);
 }

 static char *format_alias(char *buf, int len, struct perf_pmu *pmu,
 			  struct perf_pmu_alias *alias)
 {
 	snprintf(buf, len, "%s/%s/", pmu->name, alias->name);
 	return buf;
 }

 static char *format_alias_or(char *buf, int len, struct perf_pmu *pmu,
 			     struct perf_pmu_alias *alias)
 {
 	snprintf(buf, len, "%s OR %s/%s/", alias->name, pmu->name, alias->name);
 	return buf;
 }

 static int cmp_string(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const char * const *as = a;
 	const char * const *bs = b;
 	return strcmp(*as, *bs);
 }

 void print_pmu_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int printed = 0;
 	int len, j;
 	char **aliases;

 	pmu = NULL;
 	len = 0;
 	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL)
 		list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list)
 			len++;
 	aliases = malloc(sizeof(char *) * len);
 	if (!aliases)
 		return;
 	pmu = NULL;
 	j = 0;
 	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL)
 		list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
 			char *name = format_alias(buf, sizeof(buf), pmu, alias);
 			bool is_cpu = !strcmp(pmu->name, "cpu");

 			if (event_glob != NULL &&
 			    !(strglobmatch(name, event_glob) ||
 			      (!is_cpu && strglobmatch(alias->name,
 						       event_glob))))
 				continue;
 			aliases[j] = name;
 			if (is_cpu && !name_only)
 				aliases[j] = format_alias_or(buf, sizeof(buf),
 							      pmu, alias);
 			aliases[j] = strdup(aliases[j]);
 			j++;
 		}
 	len = j;
 	qsort(aliases, len, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
 	for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
 		if (name_only) {
 			printf("%s ", aliases[j]);
 			continue;
 		}
 		printf("  %-50s [Kernel PMU event]\n", aliases[j]);
 		free(aliases[j]);
 		printed++;
 	}
 	if (printed)
 		printf("\n");
 	free(aliases);
 }

 bool pmu_have_event(const char *pname, const char *name)
 {
 	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
 	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;

 	pmu = NULL;
 	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL) {
 		if (strcmp(pname, pmu->name))
 			continue;
 		list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list)
 			if (!strcmp(alias->name, name))
 				return true;
 	}
 	return false;
 }
	#include <linux/list.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <dirent.h>
	#include "fs.h"
	#include <locale.h>
	#include "util.h"
	#include "pmu.h"
	#include "parse-events.h"
	#include "cpumap.h"

	#define UNIT_MAX_LEN 31 /* max length for event unit name */

	struct perf_pmu_alias {
	char *name;
	struct list_head terms;
	struct list_head list;
	char unit[UNIT_MAX_LEN+1];
	double scale;
	};

	struct perf_pmu_format {
	char *name;
	int value;
	DECLARE_BITMAP(bits, PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS);
	struct list_head list;
	};

	#define EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "/bus/event_source/devices/"

	int perf_pmu_parse(struct list_head list, char name);
	extern FILE *perf_pmu_in;

	static LIST_HEAD(pmus);

	/*
	* Parse & process all the sysfs attributes located under
	* the directory specified in 'dir' parameter.
	*/
	int perf_pmu__format_parse(char dir, struct list_head head)
	{
	struct dirent *evt_ent;
	DIR *format_dir;
	int ret = 0;

	format_dir = opendir(dir);
	if (!format_dir)
	return -EINVAL;

	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(format_dir))) {
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	char *name = evt_ent->d_name;
	FILE *file;

	if (!strcmp(name, ".") \|\| !strcmp(name, ".."))
	continue;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", dir, name);

	ret = -EINVAL;
	file = fopen(path, "r");
	if (!file)
	break;

	perf_pmu_in = file;
	ret = perf_pmu_parse(head, name);
	fclose(file);
	}

	closedir(format_dir);
	return ret;
	}

	/*
	* Reading/parsing the default pmu format definition, which should be
	* located at:
	* /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/format as sysfs group attributes.
	*/
	static int pmu_format(const char name, struct list_head format)
	{
	struct stat st;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

	if (!sysfs)
	return -1;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
	"%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "%s/format", sysfs, name);

	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
	return 0; /* no error if format does not exist */

	if (perf_pmu__format_parse(path, format))
	return -1;

	return 0;
	}

	static int perf_pmu__parse_scale(struct perf_pmu_alias alias, char dir, char *name)
	{
	struct stat st;
	ssize_t sret;
	char scale[128];
	int fd, ret = -1;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	char *lc;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s.scale", dir, name);

	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1)
	return -1;

	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
	goto error;

	sret = read(fd, scale, sizeof(scale)-1);
	if (sret < 0)
	goto error;

	scale[sret] = '\0';
	/*
	* save current locale
	*/
	lc = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL);

	/*
	* force to C locale to ensure kernel
	* scale string is converted correctly.
	* kernel uses default C locale.
	*/
	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");

	alias->scale = strtod(scale, NULL);

	/* restore locale */
	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, lc);

	ret = 0;
	error:
	close(fd);
	return ret;
	}

	static int perf_pmu__parse_unit(struct perf_pmu_alias alias, char dir, char *name)
	{
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	ssize_t sret;
	int fd;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s.unit", dir, name);

	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1)
	return -1;

	sret = read(fd, alias->unit, UNIT_MAX_LEN);
	if (sret < 0)
	goto error;

	close(fd);

	alias->unit[sret] = '\0';

	return 0;
	error:
	close(fd);
	alias->unit[0] = '\0';
	return -1;
	}

	static int perf_pmu__new_alias(struct list_head list, char dir, char name, FILE file)
	{
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
	char buf[256];
	int ret;

	ret = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), file);
	if (ret == 0)
	return -EINVAL;
	buf[ret] = 0;

	alias = malloc(sizeof(*alias));
	if (!alias)
	return -ENOMEM;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&alias->terms);
	alias->scale = 1.0;
	alias->unit[0] = '\0';

	ret = parse_events_terms(&alias->terms, buf);
	if (ret) {
	free(alias);
	return ret;
	}

	alias->name = strdup(name);
	/*
	* load unit name and scale if available
	*/
	perf_pmu__parse_unit(alias, dir, name);
	perf_pmu__parse_scale(alias, dir, name);

	list_add_tail(&alias->list, list);

	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* Process all the sysfs attributes located under the directory
	* specified in 'dir' parameter.
	*/
	static int pmu_aliases_parse(char dir, struct list_head head)
	{
	struct dirent *evt_ent;
	DIR *event_dir;
	size_t len;
	int ret = 0;

	event_dir = opendir(dir);
	if (!event_dir)
	return -EINVAL;

	while (!ret && (evt_ent = readdir(event_dir))) {
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	char *name = evt_ent->d_name;
	FILE *file;

	if (!strcmp(name, ".") \|\| !strcmp(name, ".."))
	continue;

	/*
	* skip .unit and .scale info files
	* parsed in perf_pmu__new_alias()
	*/
	len = strlen(name);
	if (len > 5 && !strcmp(name + len - 5, ".unit"))
	continue;
	if (len > 6 && !strcmp(name + len - 6, ".scale"))
	continue;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", dir, name);

	ret = -EINVAL;
	file = fopen(path, "r");
	if (!file)
	break;

	ret = perf_pmu__new_alias(head, dir, name, file);
	fclose(file);
	}

	closedir(event_dir);
	return ret;
	}

	/*
	* Reading the pmu event aliases definition, which should be located at:
	* /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/events as sysfs group attributes.
	*/
	static int pmu_aliases(const char name, struct list_head head)
	{
	struct stat st;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

	if (!sysfs)
	return -1;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
	"%s/bus/event_source/devices/%s/events", sysfs, name);

	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
	return 0; /* no error if 'events' does not exist */

	if (pmu_aliases_parse(path, head))
	return -1;

	return 0;
	}

	static int pmu_alias_terms(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias,
	struct list_head *terms)
	{
	struct parse_events_term term, clone;
	LIST_HEAD(list);
	int ret;

	list_for_each_entry(term, &alias->terms, list) {
	ret = parse_events_term__clone(&clone, term);
	if (ret) {
	parse_events__free_terms(&list);
	return ret;
	}
	list_add_tail(&clone->list, &list);
	}
	list_splice(&list, terms);
	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* Reading/parsing the default pmu type value, which should be
	* located at:
	* /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/type as sysfs attribute.
	*/
	static int pmu_type(const char name, __u32 type)
	{
	struct stat st;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	FILE *file;
	int ret = 0;
	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

	if (!sysfs)
	return -1;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
	"%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH "%s/type", sysfs, name);

	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
	return -1;

	file = fopen(path, "r");
	if (!file)
	return -EINVAL;

	if (1 != fscanf(file, "%u", type))
	ret = -1;

	fclose(file);
	return ret;
	}

	/* Add all pmus in sysfs to pmu list: */
	static void pmu_read_sysfs(void)
	{
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	DIR *dir;
	struct dirent *dent;
	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

	if (!sysfs)
	return;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
	"%s" EVENT_SOURCE_DEVICE_PATH, sysfs);

	dir = opendir(path);
	if (!dir)
	return;

	while ((dent = readdir(dir))) {
	if (!strcmp(dent->d_name, ".") \|\| !strcmp(dent->d_name, ".."))
	continue;
	/* add to static LIST_HEAD(pmus): */
	perf_pmu__find(dent->d_name);
	}

	closedir(dir);
	}

	static struct cpu_map pmu_cpumask(const char name)
	{
	struct stat st;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	FILE *file;
	struct cpu_map *cpus;
	const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();

	if (!sysfs)
	return NULL;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
	"%s/bus/event_source/devices/%s/cpumask", sysfs, name);

	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
	return NULL;

	file = fopen(path, "r");
	if (!file)
	return NULL;

	cpus = cpu_map__read(file);
	fclose(file);
	return cpus;
	}

	static struct perf_pmu pmu_lookup(const char name)
	{
	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
	LIST_HEAD(format);
	LIST_HEAD(aliases);
	__u32 type;

	/*
	* The pmu data we store & need consists of the pmu
	* type value and format definitions. Load both right
	* now.
	*/
	if (pmu_format(name, &format))
	return NULL;

	if (pmu_aliases(name, &aliases))
	return NULL;

	if (pmu_type(name, &type))
	return NULL;

	pmu = zalloc(sizeof(*pmu));
	if (!pmu)
	return NULL;

	pmu->cpus = pmu_cpumask(name);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pmu->format);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pmu->aliases);
	list_splice(&format, &pmu->format);
	list_splice(&aliases, &pmu->aliases);
	pmu->name = strdup(name);
	pmu->type = type;
	list_add_tail(&pmu->list, &pmus);
	return pmu;
	}

	static struct perf_pmu pmu_find(const char name)
	{
	struct perf_pmu *pmu;

	list_for_each_entry(pmu, &pmus, list)
	if (!strcmp(pmu->name, name))
	return pmu;

	return NULL;
	}

	struct perf_pmu perf_pmu__scan(struct perf_pmu pmu)
	{
	/*
	* pmu iterator: If pmu is NULL, we start at the begin,
	* otherwise return the next pmu. Returns NULL on end.
	*/
	if (!pmu) {
	pmu_read_sysfs();
	pmu = list_prepare_entry(pmu, &pmus, list);
	}
	list_for_each_entry_continue(pmu, &pmus, list)
	return pmu;
	return NULL;
	}

	struct perf_pmu perf_pmu__find(const char name)
	{
	struct perf_pmu *pmu;

	/*
	* Once PMU is loaded it stays in the list,
	* so we keep us from multiple reading/parsing
	* the pmu format definitions.
	*/
	pmu = pmu_find(name);
	if (pmu)
	return pmu;

	return pmu_lookup(name);
	}

	static struct perf_pmu_format *
	pmu_find_format(struct list_head formats, char name)
	{
	struct perf_pmu_format *format;

	list_for_each_entry(format, formats, list)
	if (!strcmp(format->name, name))
	return format;

	return NULL;
	}

	/*
	* Returns value based on the format definition (format parameter)
	* and unformated value (value parameter).
	*
	* TODO maybe optimize a little ;)
	*/
	static __u64 pmu_format_value(unsigned long *format, __u64 value)
	{
	unsigned long fbit, vbit;
	__u64 v = 0;

	for (fbit = 0, vbit = 0; fbit < PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS; fbit++) {

	if (!test_bit(fbit, format))
	continue;

	if (!(value & (1llu << vbit++)))
	continue;

	v \|= (1llu << fbit);
	}

	return v;
	}

	/*
	* Setup one of config[12] attr members based on the
	* user input data - temr parameter.
	*/
	static int pmu_config_term(struct list_head *formats,
	struct perf_event_attr *attr,
	struct parse_events_term *term)
	{
	struct perf_pmu_format *format;
	__u64 *vp;

	/*
	* Support only for hardcoded and numnerial terms.
	* Hardcoded terms should be already in, so nothing
	* to be done for them.
	*/
	if (parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(term))
	return 0;

	if (term->type_val != PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM)
	return -EINVAL;

	format = pmu_find_format(formats, term->config);
	if (!format)
	return -EINVAL;

	switch (format->value) {
	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG:
	vp = &attr->config;
	break;
	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG1:
	vp = &attr->config1;
	break;
	case PERF_PMU_FORMAT_VALUE_CONFIG2:
	vp = &attr->config2;
	break;
	default:
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	* XXX If we ever decide to go with string values for
	* non-hardcoded terms, here's the place to translate
	* them into value.
	*/
	*vp \|= pmu_format_value(format->bits, term->val.num);
	return 0;
	}

	int perf_pmu__config_terms(struct list_head *formats,
	struct perf_event_attr *attr,
	struct list_head *head_terms)
	{
	struct parse_events_term *term;

	list_for_each_entry(term, head_terms, list)
	if (pmu_config_term(formats, attr, term))
	return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* Configures event's 'attr' parameter based on the:
	* 1) users input - specified in terms parameter
	* 2) pmu format definitions - specified by pmu parameter
	*/
	int perf_pmu__config(struct perf_pmu pmu, struct perf_event_attr attr,
	struct list_head *head_terms)
	{
	attr->type = pmu->type;
	return perf_pmu__config_terms(&pmu->format, attr, head_terms);
	}

	static struct perf_pmu_alias pmu_find_alias(struct perf_pmu pmu,
	struct parse_events_term *term)
	{
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
	char *name;

	if (parse_events__is_hardcoded_term(term))
	return NULL;

	if (term->type_val == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_NUM) {
	if (term->val.num != 1)
	return NULL;
	if (pmu_find_format(&pmu->format, term->config))
	return NULL;
	name = term->config;
	} else if (term->type_val == PARSE_EVENTS__TERM_TYPE_STR) {
	if (strcasecmp(term->config, "event"))
	return NULL;
	name = term->val.str;
	} else {
	return NULL;
	}

	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
	if (!strcasecmp(alias->name, name))
	return alias;
	}
	return NULL;
	}


	static int check_unit_scale(struct perf_pmu_alias *alias,
	char *unit, double scale)
	{
	/*
	* Only one term in event definition can
	* define unit and scale, fail if there's
	* more than one.
	*/
	if ((*unit && alias->unit) \|\|
	(*scale && alias->scale))
	return -EINVAL;

	if (alias->unit)
	*unit = alias->unit;

	if (alias->scale)
	*scale = alias->scale;

	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* Find alias in the terms list and replace it with the terms
	* defined for the alias
	*/
	int perf_pmu__check_alias(struct perf_pmu pmu, struct list_head head_terms,
	char *unit, double scale)
	{
	struct parse_events_term term, h;
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
	int ret;

	*unit = NULL;
	*scale = 0;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(term, h, head_terms, list) {
	alias = pmu_find_alias(pmu, term);
	if (!alias)
	continue;
	ret = pmu_alias_terms(alias, &term->list);
	if (ret)
	return ret;

	ret = check_unit_scale(alias, unit, scale);
	if (ret)
	return ret;

	list_del(&term->list);
	free(term);
	}
	return 0;
	}

	int perf_pmu__new_format(struct list_head list, char name,
	int config, unsigned long *bits)
	{
	struct perf_pmu_format *format;

	format = zalloc(sizeof(*format));
	if (!format)
	return -ENOMEM;

	format->name = strdup(name);
	format->value = config;
	memcpy(format->bits, bits, sizeof(format->bits));

	list_add_tail(&format->list, list);
	return 0;
	}

	void perf_pmu__set_format(unsigned long *bits, long from, long to)
	{
	long b;

	if (!to)
	to = from;

	memset(bits, 0, BITS_TO_BYTES(PERF_PMU_FORMAT_BITS));
	for (b = from; b <= to; b++)
	set_bit(b, bits);
	}

	static char format_alias(char buf, int len, struct perf_pmu *pmu,
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias)
	{
	snprintf(buf, len, "%s/%s/", pmu->name, alias->name);
	return buf;
	}

	static char format_alias_or(char buf, int len, struct perf_pmu *pmu,
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias)
	{
	snprintf(buf, len, "%s OR %s/%s/", alias->name, pmu->name, alias->name);
	return buf;
	}

	static int cmp_string(const void a, const void b)
	{
	const char * const *as = a;
	const char * const *bs = b;
	return strcmp(as, bs);
	}

	void print_pmu_events(const char *event_glob, bool name_only)
	{
	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;
	char buf[1024];
	int printed = 0;
	int len, j;
	char **aliases;

	pmu = NULL;
	len = 0;
	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL)
	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list)
	len++;
	aliases = malloc(sizeof(char ) len);
	if (!aliases)
	return;
	pmu = NULL;
	j = 0;
	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL)
	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list) {
	char *name = format_alias(buf, sizeof(buf), pmu, alias);
	bool is_cpu = !strcmp(pmu->name, "cpu");

	if (event_glob != NULL &&
	!(strglobmatch(name, event_glob) \|\|
	(!is_cpu && strglobmatch(alias->name,
	event_glob))))
	continue;
	aliases[j] = name;
	if (is_cpu && !name_only)
	aliases[j] = format_alias_or(buf, sizeof(buf),
	pmu, alias);
	aliases[j] = strdup(aliases[j]);
	j++;
	}
	len = j;
	qsort(aliases, len, sizeof(char *), cmp_string);
	for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
	if (name_only) {
	printf("%s ", aliases[j]);
	continue;
	}
	printf(" %-50s [Kernel PMU event]\n", aliases[j]);
	free(aliases[j]);
	printed++;
	}
	if (printed)
	printf("\n");
	free(aliases);
	}

	bool pmu_have_event(const char pname, const char name)
	{
	struct perf_pmu *pmu;
	struct perf_pmu_alias *alias;

	pmu = NULL;
	while ((pmu = perf_pmu__scan(pmu)) != NULL) {
	if (strcmp(pname, pmu->name))
	continue;
	list_for_each_entry(alias, &pmu->aliases, list)
	if (!strcmp(alias->name, name))
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}