Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt - kernel/msm-4.9 - Gitiles

 Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices
 ===================================================

 1. Description
 ==============

 Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable
 Linux devices to use the minimum amount of power within the audio
 subsystem at all times. It is independent of other kernel PM and as
 such, can easily co-exist with the other PM systems.

 DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as
 all power switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or
 recompiling are required for user space applications. DAPM makes power
 switching decisions based upon any audio stream (capture/playback)
 activity and audio mixer settings within the device.

 DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire
 audio subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine
 level power systems.

 There are 4 power domains within DAPM

    1. Codec domain - VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power)
       Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although
       can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc.

    2. Platform/Machine domain - physically connected inputs and outputs
       Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the
       machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP
       are inserted

    3. Path domain - audio susbsystem signal paths
       Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user.
       e.g. alsamixer, amixer.

    4. Stream domain - DACs and ADCs.
       Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and
       stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord.

 All DAPM power switching decisions are made automatically by consulting an audio
 routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and
 consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including
 internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called
 widgets hereafter.


 2. DAPM Widgets
 ===============

 Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:-

  o Mixer      - Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal.
  o Mux        - An analog switch that outputs only one of many inputs.
  o PGA        - A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget.
  o ADC        - Analog to Digital Converter
  o DAC        - Digital to Analog Converter
  o Switch     - An analog switch
  o Input      - A codec input pin
  o Output     - A codec output pin
  o Headphone  - Headphone (and optional Jack)
  o Mic        - Mic (and optional Jack)
  o Line       - Line Input/Output (and optional Jack)
  o Speaker    - Speaker
  o Pre        - Special PRE widget (exec before all others)
  o Post       - Special POST widget (exec after all others)

 (Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h)

 Widgets are usually added in the codec driver and the machine driver. There are
 convenience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly build a
 list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets.

 Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra
 parameters for stream name and kcontrols.


 2.1 Stream Domain Widgets
 -------------------------

 Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADCs
 (analog to digital converters) and DACs (digital to analog converters).

 Stream widgets have the following format:-

 SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert),

 NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codec
 snd_soc_codec_dai.

 e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture

 SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1),
 SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1),


 2.2 Path Domain Widgets
 -----------------------

 Path domain widgets have a ability to control or affect the audio signal or
 audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:-

 SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls)

 Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members.

 e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first)

 /* Output Mixer */
 static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = {
 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0),
 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0),
 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0),
 };

 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls,
 	ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)),


 2.3 Platform/Machine domain Widgets
 -----------------------------------

 Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a
 codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each
 machine audio component (non codec) that can be independently powered. e.g.

  o Speaker Amp
  o Microphone Bias
  o Jack connectors

 A machine widget can have an optional call back.

 e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias
 when the Mic is inserted:-

 static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event)
 {
 	gpio_set_value(SPITZ_GPIO_MIC_BIAS, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
 	return 0;
 }

 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias),


 2.4 Codec Domain
 ----------------

 The codec power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM event
 handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt to any
 stream event or by kernel PM events.


 2.5 Virtual Widgets
 -------------------

 Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any
 corresponding soft power control. In this case it is necessary to create
 a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g.

 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0),

 This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software.

 After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM
 subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control().


 3. Codec Widget Interconnections
 ================================

 Widgets are connected to each other within the codec and machine by audio paths
 (called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in order to
 create a map of all audio paths between widgets.

 This is easiest with a diagram of the codec (and schematic of the machine audio
 system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal paths.

 e.g., from the WM8731 output mixer (wm8731.c)

 The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources)

  1. Line Bypass Input
  2. DAC (HiFi playback)
  3. Mic Sidetone Input

 Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example
 above) and is connected to the output mixer via it's kcontrol name. We can now
 connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with it's source widgets.

 	/* output mixer */
 	{"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"},
 	{"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"},
 	{"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"},

 So we have :-

 	Destination Widget  <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget

 Or:-

 	Sink, Path, Source

 Or :-

 	"Output Mixer" is connected to the "DAC" via the "HiFi Playback Switch".

 When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we
 pass NULL for the path name.

 Interconnections are created with a call to:-

 snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source);

 Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and
 interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to
 scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the
 physical state of the machine.


 3.1 Machine Widget Interconnections
 -----------------------------------
 Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and
 directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets.

 e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker.

 	/* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2  */
 	{"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"},
 	{"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"},

 This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use)
 and pins that are NC respectively.


 4 Endpoint Widgets
 ===================
 An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the
 machine and includes the codec. e.g.

  o Headphone Jack
  o Internal Speaker
  o Internal Mic
  o Mic Jack
  o Codec Pins

 When a codec pin is NC it can be marked as not used with a call to

 snd_soc_dapm_set_endpoint(codec, "Widget Name", 0);

 The last argument is 0 for inactive and 1 for active. This way the pin and its
 input widget will never be powered up and consume power.

 This also applies to machine widgets. e.g. if a headphone is connected to a
 jack then the jack can be marked active. If the headphone is removed, then
 the headphone jack can be marked inactive.


 5 DAPM Widget Events
 ====================

 Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events.
 e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be
 powered only when the spk is in use.

 /* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */
 static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event)
 {
 	gpio_set_value(CORGI_GPIO_APM_ON, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
 	return 0;
 }

 /* corgi machine dapm widgets */
 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets =
 	SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event);

 Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events.


 5.1 Event types
 ---------------

 The following event types are supported by event widgets.

 /* dapm event types */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU	0x1 	/* before widget power up */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU	0x2		/* after widget power up */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD	0x4 	/* before widget power down */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD	0x8		/* after widget power down */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG	0x10	/* before audio path setup */
 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG	0x20	/* after audio path setup */
	Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices
	===================================================

	1. Description
	==============

	Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable
	Linux devices to use the minimum amount of power within the audio
	subsystem at all times. It is independent of other kernel PM and as
	such, can easily co-exist with the other PM systems.

	DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as
	all power switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or
	recompiling are required for user space applications. DAPM makes power
	switching decisions based upon any audio stream (capture/playback)
	activity and audio mixer settings within the device.

	DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire
	audio subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine
	level power systems.

	There are 4 power domains within DAPM

	1. Codec domain - VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power)
	Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although
	can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc.

	2. Platform/Machine domain - physically connected inputs and outputs
	Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the
	machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP
	are inserted

	3. Path domain - audio susbsystem signal paths
	Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user.
	e.g. alsamixer, amixer.

	4. Stream domain - DACs and ADCs.
	Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and
	stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord.

	All DAPM power switching decisions are made automatically by consulting an audio
	routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and
	consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including
	internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called
	widgets hereafter.


	2. DAPM Widgets
	===============

	Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:-

	o Mixer - Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal.
	o Mux - An analog switch that outputs only one of many inputs.
	o PGA - A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget.
	o ADC - Analog to Digital Converter
	o DAC - Digital to Analog Converter
	o Switch - An analog switch
	o Input - A codec input pin
	o Output - A codec output pin
	o Headphone - Headphone (and optional Jack)
	o Mic - Mic (and optional Jack)
	o Line - Line Input/Output (and optional Jack)
	o Speaker - Speaker
	o Pre - Special PRE widget (exec before all others)
	o Post - Special POST widget (exec after all others)

	(Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h)

	Widgets are usually added in the codec driver and the machine driver. There are
	convenience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly build a
	list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets.

	Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra
	parameters for stream name and kcontrols.


	2.1 Stream Domain Widgets
	-------------------------

	Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADCs
	(analog to digital converters) and DACs (digital to analog converters).

	Stream widgets have the following format:-

	SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert),

	NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codec
	snd_soc_codec_dai.

	e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture

	SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1),
	SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1),


	2.2 Path Domain Widgets
	-----------------------

	Path domain widgets have a ability to control or affect the audio signal or
	audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:-

	SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls)

	Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members.

	e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first)

	/* Output Mixer */
	static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = {
	SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0),
	SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0),
	SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0),
	};

	SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls,
	ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)),


	2.3 Platform/Machine domain Widgets
	-----------------------------------

	Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a
	codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each
	machine audio component (non codec) that can be independently powered. e.g.

	o Speaker Amp
	o Microphone Bias
	o Jack connectors

	A machine widget can have an optional call back.

	e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias
	when the Mic is inserted:-

	static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event)
	{
	gpio_set_value(SPITZ_GPIO_MIC_BIAS, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
	return 0;
	}

	SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias),


	2.4 Codec Domain
	----------------

	The codec power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM event
	handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt to any
	stream event or by kernel PM events.


	2.5 Virtual Widgets
	-------------------

	Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any
	corresponding soft power control. In this case it is necessary to create
	a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g.

	SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0),

	This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software.

	After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM
	subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control().


	3. Codec Widget Interconnections
	================================

	Widgets are connected to each other within the codec and machine by audio paths
	(called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in order to
	create a map of all audio paths between widgets.

	This is easiest with a diagram of the codec (and schematic of the machine audio
	system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal paths.

	e.g., from the WM8731 output mixer (wm8731.c)

	The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources)

	1. Line Bypass Input
	2. DAC (HiFi playback)
	3. Mic Sidetone Input

	Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example
	above) and is connected to the output mixer via it's kcontrol name. We can now
	connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with it's source widgets.

	/* output mixer */
	{"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"},
	{"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"},
	{"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"},

	So we have :-

	Destination Widget <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget

	Or:-

	Sink, Path, Source

	Or :-

	"Output Mixer" is connected to the "DAC" via the "HiFi Playback Switch".

	When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we
	pass NULL for the path name.

	Interconnections are created with a call to:-

	snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source);

	Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and
	interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to
	scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the
	physical state of the machine.


	3.1 Machine Widget Interconnections
	-----------------------------------
	Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and
	directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets.

	e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker.

	/* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2 */
	{"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"},
	{"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"},

	This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use)
	and pins that are NC respectively.


	4 Endpoint Widgets
	===================
	An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the
	machine and includes the codec. e.g.

	o Headphone Jack
	o Internal Speaker
	o Internal Mic
	o Mic Jack
	o Codec Pins

	When a codec pin is NC it can be marked as not used with a call to

	snd_soc_dapm_set_endpoint(codec, "Widget Name", 0);

	The last argument is 0 for inactive and 1 for active. This way the pin and its
	input widget will never be powered up and consume power.

	This also applies to machine widgets. e.g. if a headphone is connected to a
	jack then the jack can be marked active. If the headphone is removed, then
	the headphone jack can be marked inactive.


	5 DAPM Widget Events
	====================

	Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events.
	e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be
	powered only when the spk is in use.

	/* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */
	static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event)
	{
	gpio_set_value(CORGI_GPIO_APM_ON, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
	return 0;
	}

	/* corgi machine dapm widgets */
	static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets =
	SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event);

	Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events.


	5.1 Event types
	---------------

	The following event types are supported by event widgets.

	/* dapm event types */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU 0x1 /* before widget power up */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU 0x2 /* after widget power up */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD 0x4 /* before widget power down */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD 0x8 /* after widget power down */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG 0x10 /* before audio path setup */
	#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG 0x20 /* after audio path setup */