diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
index ea39eba..433f5e8 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
@@ -2221,9 +2221,9 @@
 	d_add(path.dentry, inode);
 
 	file = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_READ, &pfm_file_ops);
-	if (!file) {
+	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
 		path_put(&path);
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
+		return file;
 	}
 
 	file->f_flags = O_RDONLY;
diff --git a/fs/anon_inodes.c b/fs/anon_inodes.c
index 28d39fb..a14eb0c 100644
--- a/fs/anon_inodes.c
+++ b/fs/anon_inodes.c
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@
 	struct qstr this;
 	struct path path;
 	struct file *file;
-	int error;
 
 	if (IS_ERR(anon_inode_inode))
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@
 	 * Link the inode to a directory entry by creating a unique name
 	 * using the inode sequence number.
 	 */
-	error = -ENOMEM;
+	file = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 	this.name = name;
 	this.len = strlen(name);
 	this.hash = 0;
@@ -160,9 +159,8 @@
 
 	d_instantiate(path.dentry, anon_inode_inode);
 
-	error = -ENFILE;
 	file = alloc_file(&path, OPEN_FMODE(flags), fops);
-	if (!file)
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
 		goto err_dput;
 	file->f_mapping = anon_inode_inode->i_mapping;
 
@@ -177,7 +175,7 @@
 	path_put(&path);
 err_module:
 	module_put(fops->owner);
-	return ERR_PTR(error);
+	return file;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(anon_inode_getfile);
 
diff --git a/fs/file_table.c b/fs/file_table.c
index cd76d4f..aa07d36 100644
--- a/fs/file_table.c
+++ b/fs/file_table.c
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
 
 	file = get_empty_filp();
 	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return NULL;
+		return file;
 
 	file->f_path = *path;
 	file->f_mapping = path->dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
diff --git a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
index edb42ea..99fe7ef 100644
--- a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
@@ -923,8 +923,7 @@
 				struct user_struct **user,
 				int creat_flags, int page_size_log)
 {
-	int error = -ENOMEM;
-	struct file *file;
+	struct file *file = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct path path;
 	struct dentry *root;
@@ -964,7 +963,7 @@
 		goto out_shm_unlock;
 
 	path.mnt = mntget(hugetlbfs_vfsmount[hstate_idx]);
-	error = -ENOSPC;
+	file = ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
 	inode = hugetlbfs_get_inode(root->d_sb, NULL, S_IFREG | S_IRWXUGO, 0);
 	if (!inode)
 		goto out_dentry;
@@ -973,7 +972,7 @@
 	size += addr & ~huge_page_mask(hstate);
 	num_pages = ALIGN(size, huge_page_size(hstate)) >>
 			huge_page_shift(hstate);
-	error = -ENOMEM;
+	file = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 	if (hugetlb_reserve_pages(inode, 0, num_pages, NULL, acctflag))
 		goto out_inode;
 
@@ -981,10 +980,9 @@
 	inode->i_size = size;
 	clear_nlink(inode);
 
-	error = -ENFILE;
 	file = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_READ,
 			&hugetlbfs_file_operations);
-	if (!file)
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
 		goto out_dentry; /* inode is already attached */
 
 	return file;
@@ -998,7 +996,7 @@
 		user_shm_unlock(size, *user);
 		*user = NULL;
 	}
-	return ERR_PTR(error);
+	return file;
 }
 
 static int __init init_hugetlbfs_fs(void)
diff --git a/fs/pipe.c b/fs/pipe.c
index 39baf6c..64a494c 100644
--- a/fs/pipe.c
+++ b/fs/pipe.c
@@ -1037,13 +1037,13 @@
 
 	err = -ENFILE;
 	f = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_WRITE, &write_pipefifo_fops);
-	if (!f)
+	if (IS_ERR(f))
 		goto err_dentry;
 
 	f->f_flags = O_WRONLY | (flags & (O_NONBLOCK | O_DIRECT));
 
 	res[0] = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_READ, &read_pipefifo_fops);
-	if (!res[0])
+	if (IS_ERR(res[0]))
 		goto err_file;
 
 	path_get(&path);
diff --git a/ipc/shm.c b/ipc/shm.c
index 8c9402d..de389e6 100644
--- a/ipc/shm.c
+++ b/ipc/shm.c
@@ -1042,7 +1042,8 @@
 			  is_file_hugepages(shp->shm_file) ?
 				&shm_file_operations_huge :
 				&shm_file_operations);
-	if (!file)
+	err = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
 		goto out_free;
 
 	file->private_data = sfd;
diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
index 814d554..abf07f7 100644
--- a/mm/shmem.c
+++ b/mm/shmem.c
@@ -2913,10 +2913,10 @@
 		goto put_dentry;
 #endif
 
-	error = -ENFILE;
 	file = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_READ,
 		  &shmem_file_operations);
-	if (!file)
+	error = PTR_ERR(file);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
 		goto put_dentry;
 
 	return file;
diff --git a/net/socket.c b/net/socket.c
index 2ca51c7..f4a8c5a 100644
--- a/net/socket.c
+++ b/net/socket.c
@@ -370,11 +370,11 @@
 
 	file = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE,
 		  &socket_file_ops);
-	if (unlikely(!file)) {
+	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(file))) {
 		/* drop dentry, keep inode */
 		ihold(path.dentry->d_inode);
 		path_put(&path);
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
+		return file;
 	}
 
 	sock->file = file;