tools/perf/util/probe-event.c - kernel/msm-4.9 - Gitiles

 /*
  * probe-event.c : perf-probe definition to kprobe_events format converter
  *
  * Written by Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  * (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  *
  */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <limits.h>

 #undef _GNU_SOURCE
 #include "event.h"
 #include "string.h"
 #include "strlist.h"
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "parse-events.h"  /* For debugfs_path */
 #include "probe-event.h"

 #define MAX_CMDLEN 256
 #define MAX_PROBE_ARGS 128
 #define PERFPROBE_GROUP "probe"

 #define semantic_error(msg ...) die("Semantic error :" msg)

 /* If there is no space to write, returns -E2BIG. */
 static int e_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
 	va_list ap;
 	va_start(ap, format);
 	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	if (ret >= (int)size)
 		ret = -E2BIG;
 	return ret;
 }

 /* Parse probepoint definition. */
 static void parse_perf_probe_probepoint(char *arg, struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	char *ptr, *tmp;
 	char c, nc = 0;
 	/*
 	 * <Syntax>
 	 * perf probe SRC:LN
 	 * perf probe FUNC[+OFFS|%return][@SRC]
 	 */

 	ptr = strpbrk(arg, ":+@%");
 	if (ptr) {
 		nc = *ptr;
 		*ptr++ = '\0';
 	}

 	/* Check arg is function or file and copy it */
 	if (strchr(arg, '.'))	/* File */
 		pp->file = strdup(arg);
 	else			/* Function */
 		pp->function = strdup(arg);
 	DIE_IF(pp->file == NULL && pp->function == NULL);

 	/* Parse other options */
 	while (ptr) {
 		arg = ptr;
 		c = nc;
 		ptr = strpbrk(arg, ":+@%");
 		if (ptr) {
 			nc = *ptr;
 			*ptr++ = '\0';
 		}
 		switch (c) {
 		case ':':	/* Line number */
 			pp->line = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
 			if (*tmp != '\0')
 				semantic_error("There is non-digit charactor"
 						" in line number.");
 			break;
 		case '+':	/* Byte offset from a symbol */
 			pp->offset = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
 			if (*tmp != '\0')
 				semantic_error("There is non-digit charactor"
 						" in offset.");
 			break;
 		case '@':	/* File name */
 			if (pp->file)
 				semantic_error("SRC@SRC is not allowed.");
 			pp->file = strdup(arg);
 			DIE_IF(pp->file == NULL);
 			if (ptr)
 				semantic_error("@SRC must be the last "
 					       "option.");
 			break;
 		case '%':	/* Probe places */
 			if (strcmp(arg, "return") == 0) {
 				pp->retprobe = 1;
 			} else	/* Others not supported yet */
 				semantic_error("%%%s is not supported.", arg);
 			break;
 		default:
 			DIE_IF("Program has a bug.");
 			break;
 		}
 	}

 	/* Exclusion check */
 	if (pp->line && pp->offset)
 		semantic_error("Offset can't be used with line number.");

 	if (!pp->line && pp->file && !pp->function)
 		semantic_error("File always requires line number.");

 	if (pp->offset && !pp->function)
 		semantic_error("Offset requires an entry function.");

 	if (pp->retprobe && !pp->function)
 		semantic_error("Return probe requires an entry function.");

 	if ((pp->offset || pp->line) && pp->retprobe)
 		semantic_error("Offset/Line can't be used with return probe.");

 	pr_debug("symbol:%s file:%s line:%d offset:%d, return:%d\n",
 		 pp->function, pp->file, pp->line, pp->offset, pp->retprobe);
 }

 /* Parse perf-probe event definition */
 int parse_perf_probe_event(const char *str, struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	char **argv;
 	int argc, i, need_dwarf = 0;

 	argv = argv_split(str, &argc);
 	if (!argv)
 		die("argv_split failed.");
 	if (argc > MAX_PROBE_ARGS + 1)
 		semantic_error("Too many arguments");

 	/* Parse probe point */
 	parse_perf_probe_probepoint(argv[0], pp);
 	if (pp->file || pp->line)
 		need_dwarf = 1;

 	/* Copy arguments and ensure return probe has no C argument */
 	pp->nr_args = argc - 1;
 	pp->args = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * pp->nr_args);
 	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
 		pp->args[i] = strdup(argv[i + 1]);
 		if (!pp->args[i])
 			die("Failed to copy argument.");
 		if (is_c_varname(pp->args[i])) {
 			if (pp->retprobe)
 				semantic_error("You can't specify local"
 						" variable for kretprobe");
 			need_dwarf = 1;
 		}
 	}

 	argv_free(argv);
 	return need_dwarf;
 }

 /* Parse kprobe_events event into struct probe_point */
 void parse_trace_kprobe_event(const char *str, char **group, char **event,
 			      struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	char pr;
 	char *p;
 	int ret, i, argc;
 	char **argv;

 	pr_debug("Parsing kprobe_events: %s\n", str);
 	argv = argv_split(str, &argc);
 	if (!argv)
 		die("argv_split failed.");
 	if (argc < 2)
 		semantic_error("Too less arguments.");

 	/* Scan event and group name. */
 	ret = sscanf(argv[0], "%c:%a[^/ \t]/%a[^ \t]",
 		     &pr, (float *)(void *)group, (float *)(void *)event);
 	if (ret != 3)
 		semantic_error("Failed to parse event name: %s", argv[0]);
 	pr_debug("Group:%s Event:%s probe:%c\n", *group, *event, pr);

 	if (!pp)
 		goto end;

 	pp->retprobe = (pr == 'r');

 	/* Scan function name and offset */
 	ret = sscanf(argv[1], "%a[^+]+%d", (float *)(void *)&pp->function, &pp->offset);
 	if (ret == 1)
 		pp->offset = 0;

 	/* kprobe_events doesn't have this information */
 	pp->line = 0;
 	pp->file = NULL;

 	pp->nr_args = argc - 2;
 	pp->args = zalloc(sizeof(char *) * pp->nr_args);
 	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
 		p = strchr(argv[i + 2], '=');
 		if (p)	/* We don't need which register is assigned. */
 			*p = '\0';
 		pp->args[i] = strdup(argv[i + 2]);
 		if (!pp->args[i])
 			die("Failed to copy argument.");
 	}

 end:
 	argv_free(argv);
 }

 int synthesize_perf_probe_event(struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	char *buf;
 	char offs[64] = "", line[64] = "";
 	int i, len, ret;

 	pp->probes[0] = buf = zalloc(MAX_CMDLEN);
 	if (!buf)
 		die("Failed to allocate memory by zalloc.");
 	if (pp->offset) {
 		ret = e_snprintf(offs, 64, "+%d", pp->offset);
 		if (ret <= 0)
 			goto error;
 	}
 	if (pp->line) {
 		ret = e_snprintf(line, 64, ":%d", pp->line);
 		if (ret <= 0)
 			goto error;
 	}

 	if (pp->function)
 		ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s%s%s%s", pp->function,
 				 offs, pp->retprobe ? "%return" : "", line);
 	else
 		ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s%s%s%s", pp->file, line);
 	if (ret <= 0)
 		goto error;
 	len = ret;

 	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
 		ret = e_snprintf(&buf[len], MAX_CMDLEN - len, " %s",
 				 pp->args[i]);
 		if (ret <= 0)
 			goto error;
 		len += ret;
 	}
 	pp->found = 1;

 	return pp->found;
 error:
 	free(pp->probes[0]);

 	return ret;
 }

 int synthesize_trace_kprobe_event(struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	char *buf;
 	int i, len, ret;

 	pp->probes[0] = buf = zalloc(MAX_CMDLEN);
 	if (!buf)
 		die("Failed to allocate memory by zalloc.");
 	ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s+%d", pp->function, pp->offset);
 	if (ret <= 0)
 		goto error;
 	len = ret;

 	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
 		ret = e_snprintf(&buf[len], MAX_CMDLEN - len, " %s",
 				 pp->args[i]);
 		if (ret <= 0)
 			goto error;
 		len += ret;
 	}
 	pp->found = 1;

 	return pp->found;
 error:
 	free(pp->probes[0]);

 	return ret;
 }

 static int open_kprobe_events(int flags, int mode)
 {
 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
 	int ret;

 	ret = e_snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/../kprobe_events", debugfs_path);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		die("Failed to make kprobe_events path.");

 	ret = open(buf, flags, mode);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		if (errno == ENOENT)
 			die("kprobe_events file does not exist -"
 			    " please rebuild with CONFIG_KPROBE_TRACER.");
 		else
 			die("Could not open kprobe_events file: %s",
 			    strerror(errno));
 	}
 	return ret;
 }

 /* Get raw string list of current kprobe_events */
 static struct strlist *get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(int fd)
 {
 	int ret, idx;
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[MAX_CMDLEN];
 	char *p;
 	struct strlist *sl;

 	sl = strlist__new(true, NULL);

 	fp = fdopen(dup(fd), "r");
 	while (!feof(fp)) {
 		p = fgets(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, fp);
 		if (!p)
 			break;

 		idx = strlen(p) - 1;
 		if (p[idx] == '\n')
 			p[idx] = '\0';
 		ret = strlist__add(sl, buf);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			die("strlist__add failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
 	}
 	fclose(fp);

 	return sl;
 }

 /* Free and zero clear probe_point */
 static void clear_probe_point(struct probe_point *pp)
 {
 	int i;

 	if (pp->function)
 		free(pp->function);
 	if (pp->file)
 		free(pp->file);
 	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++)
 		free(pp->args[i]);
 	if (pp->args)
 		free(pp->args);
 	for (i = 0; i < pp->found; i++)
 		free(pp->probes[i]);
 	memset(pp, 0, sizeof(pp));
 }

 /* List up current perf-probe events */
 void show_perf_probe_events(void)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 	int fd;
 	char *group, *event;
 	struct probe_point pp;
 	struct strlist *rawlist;
 	struct str_node *ent;

 	fd = open_kprobe_events(O_RDONLY, 0);
 	rawlist = get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(fd);
 	close(fd);

 	for (i = 0; i < strlist__nr_entries(rawlist); i++) {
 		ent = strlist__entry(rawlist, i);
 		parse_trace_kprobe_event(ent->s, &group, &event, &pp);
 		synthesize_perf_probe_event(&pp);
 		printf("[%s:%s]\t%s\n", group, event, pp.probes[0]);
 		free(group);
 		free(event);
 		clear_probe_point(&pp);
 	}

 	strlist__delete(rawlist);
 }

 /* Get current perf-probe event names */
 static struct strlist *get_perf_event_names(int fd)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 	char *group, *event;
 	struct strlist *sl, *rawlist;
 	struct str_node *ent;

 	rawlist = get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(fd);

 	sl = strlist__new(false, NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < strlist__nr_entries(rawlist); i++) {
 		ent = strlist__entry(rawlist, i);
 		parse_trace_kprobe_event(ent->s, &group, &event, NULL);
 		strlist__add(sl, event);
 		free(group);
 	}

 	strlist__delete(rawlist);

 	return sl;
 }

 static int write_trace_kprobe_event(int fd, const char *buf)
 {
 	int ret;

 	ret = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
 	if (ret <= 0)
 		die("Failed to create event.");
 	else
 		printf("Added new event: %s\n", buf);

 	return ret;
 }

 static void get_new_event_name(char *buf, size_t len, const char *base,
 			       struct strlist *namelist)
 {
 	int i, ret;
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENT_INDEX; i++) {
 		ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s_%d", base, i);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			die("snprintf() failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
 		if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
 			break;
 	}
 	if (i == MAX_EVENT_INDEX)
 		die("Too many events are on the same function.");
 }

 void add_trace_kprobe_events(struct probe_point *probes, int nr_probes)
 {
 	int i, j, fd;
 	struct probe_point *pp;
 	char buf[MAX_CMDLEN];
 	char event[64];
 	struct strlist *namelist;

 	fd = open_kprobe_events(O_RDWR, O_APPEND);
 	/* Get current event names */
 	namelist = get_perf_event_names(fd);

 	for (j = 0; j < nr_probes; j++) {
 		pp = probes + j;
 		for (i = 0; i < pp->found; i++) {
 			/* Get an unused new event name */
 			get_new_event_name(event, 64, pp->function, namelist);
 			snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%c:%s/%s %s\n",
 				 pp->retprobe ? 'r' : 'p',
 				 PERFPROBE_GROUP, event,
 				 pp->probes[i]);
 			write_trace_kprobe_event(fd, buf);
 			/* Add added event name to namelist */
 			strlist__add(namelist, event);
 		}
 	}
 	close(fd);
 }
	/*
	* probe-event.c : perf-probe definition to kprobe_events format converter
	*
	* Written by Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
	*
	*/

	#define _GNU_SOURCE
	#include <sys/utsname.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <limits.h>

	#undef _GNU_SOURCE
	#include "event.h"
	#include "string.h"
	#include "strlist.h"
	#include "debug.h"
	#include "parse-events.h" /* For debugfs_path */
	#include "probe-event.h"

	#define MAX_CMDLEN 256
	#define MAX_PROBE_ARGS 128
	#define PERFPROBE_GROUP "probe"

	#define semantic_error(msg ...) die("Semantic error :" msg)

	/* If there is no space to write, returns -E2BIG. */
	static int e_snprintf(char str, size_t size, const char format, ...)
	{
	int ret;
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, format);
	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	if (ret >= (int)size)
	ret = -E2BIG;
	return ret;
	}

	/* Parse probepoint definition. */
	static void parse_perf_probe_probepoint(char arg, struct probe_point pp)
	{
	char ptr, tmp;
	char c, nc = 0;
	/*
	* <Syntax>
	* perf probe SRC:LN
	* perf probe FUNC[+OFFS\|%return][@SRC]
	*/

	ptr = strpbrk(arg, ":+@%");
	if (ptr) {
	nc = *ptr;
	*ptr++ = '\0';
	}

	/* Check arg is function or file and copy it */
	if (strchr(arg, '.')) /* File */
	pp->file = strdup(arg);
	else /* Function */
	pp->function = strdup(arg);
	DIE_IF(pp->file == NULL && pp->function == NULL);

	/* Parse other options */
	while (ptr) {
	arg = ptr;
	c = nc;
	ptr = strpbrk(arg, ":+@%");
	if (ptr) {
	nc = *ptr;
	*ptr++ = '\0';
	}
	switch (c) {
	case ':': /* Line number */
	pp->line = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
	if (*tmp != '\0')
	semantic_error("There is non-digit charactor"
	" in line number.");
	break;
	case '+': /* Byte offset from a symbol */
	pp->offset = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
	if (*tmp != '\0')
	semantic_error("There is non-digit charactor"
	" in offset.");
	break;
	case '@': /* File name */
	if (pp->file)
	semantic_error("SRC@SRC is not allowed.");
	pp->file = strdup(arg);
	DIE_IF(pp->file == NULL);
	if (ptr)
	semantic_error("@SRC must be the last "
	"option.");
	break;
	case '%': /* Probe places */
	if (strcmp(arg, "return") == 0) {
	pp->retprobe = 1;
	} else /* Others not supported yet */
	semantic_error("%%%s is not supported.", arg);
	break;
	default:
	DIE_IF("Program has a bug.");
	break;
	}
	}

	/* Exclusion check */
	if (pp->line && pp->offset)
	semantic_error("Offset can't be used with line number.");

	if (!pp->line && pp->file && !pp->function)
	semantic_error("File always requires line number.");

	if (pp->offset && !pp->function)
	semantic_error("Offset requires an entry function.");

	if (pp->retprobe && !pp->function)
	semantic_error("Return probe requires an entry function.");

	if ((pp->offset \|\| pp->line) && pp->retprobe)
	semantic_error("Offset/Line can't be used with return probe.");

	pr_debug("symbol:%s file:%s line:%d offset:%d, return:%d\n",
	pp->function, pp->file, pp->line, pp->offset, pp->retprobe);
	}

	/* Parse perf-probe event definition */
	int parse_perf_probe_event(const char str, struct probe_point pp)
	{
	char **argv;
	int argc, i, need_dwarf = 0;

	argv = argv_split(str, &argc);
	if (!argv)
	die("argv_split failed.");
	if (argc > MAX_PROBE_ARGS + 1)
	semantic_error("Too many arguments");

	/* Parse probe point */
	parse_perf_probe_probepoint(argv[0], pp);
	if (pp->file \|\| pp->line)
	need_dwarf = 1;

	/* Copy arguments and ensure return probe has no C argument */
	pp->nr_args = argc - 1;
	pp->args = zalloc(sizeof(char ) pp->nr_args);
	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
	pp->args[i] = strdup(argv[i + 1]);
	if (!pp->args[i])
	die("Failed to copy argument.");
	if (is_c_varname(pp->args[i])) {
	if (pp->retprobe)
	semantic_error("You can't specify local"
	" variable for kretprobe");
	need_dwarf = 1;
	}
	}

	argv_free(argv);
	return need_dwarf;
	}

	/* Parse kprobe_events event into struct probe_point */
	void parse_trace_kprobe_event(const char str, char group, char *event,
	struct probe_point *pp)
	{
	char pr;
	char *p;
	int ret, i, argc;
	char **argv;

	pr_debug("Parsing kprobe_events: %s\n", str);
	argv = argv_split(str, &argc);
	if (!argv)
	die("argv_split failed.");
	if (argc < 2)
	semantic_error("Too less arguments.");

	/* Scan event and group name. */
	ret = sscanf(argv[0], "%c:%a[^/ \t]/%a[^ \t]",
	&pr, (float )(void )group, (float )(void )event);
	if (ret != 3)
	semantic_error("Failed to parse event name: %s", argv[0]);
	pr_debug("Group:%s Event:%s probe:%c\n", group, event, pr);

	if (!pp)
	goto end;

	pp->retprobe = (pr == 'r');

	/* Scan function name and offset */
	ret = sscanf(argv[1], "%a[^+]+%d", (float )(void )&pp->function, &pp->offset);
	if (ret == 1)
	pp->offset = 0;

	/* kprobe_events doesn't have this information */
	pp->line = 0;
	pp->file = NULL;

	pp->nr_args = argc - 2;
	pp->args = zalloc(sizeof(char ) pp->nr_args);
	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
	p = strchr(argv[i + 2], '=');
	if (p) /* We don't need which register is assigned. */
	*p = '\0';
	pp->args[i] = strdup(argv[i + 2]);
	if (!pp->args[i])
	die("Failed to copy argument.");
	}

	end:
	argv_free(argv);
	}

	int synthesize_perf_probe_event(struct probe_point *pp)
	{
	char *buf;
	char offs[64] = "", line[64] = "";
	int i, len, ret;

	pp->probes[0] = buf = zalloc(MAX_CMDLEN);
	if (!buf)
	die("Failed to allocate memory by zalloc.");
	if (pp->offset) {
	ret = e_snprintf(offs, 64, "+%d", pp->offset);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	}
	if (pp->line) {
	ret = e_snprintf(line, 64, ":%d", pp->line);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	}

	if (pp->function)
	ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s%s%s%s", pp->function,
	offs, pp->retprobe ? "%return" : "", line);
	else
	ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s%s%s%s", pp->file, line);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	len = ret;

	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
	ret = e_snprintf(&buf[len], MAX_CMDLEN - len, " %s",
	pp->args[i]);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	len += ret;
	}
	pp->found = 1;

	return pp->found;
	error:
	free(pp->probes[0]);

	return ret;
	}

	int synthesize_trace_kprobe_event(struct probe_point *pp)
	{
	char *buf;
	int i, len, ret;

	pp->probes[0] = buf = zalloc(MAX_CMDLEN);
	if (!buf)
	die("Failed to allocate memory by zalloc.");
	ret = e_snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%s+%d", pp->function, pp->offset);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	len = ret;

	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++) {
	ret = e_snprintf(&buf[len], MAX_CMDLEN - len, " %s",
	pp->args[i]);
	if (ret <= 0)
	goto error;
	len += ret;
	}
	pp->found = 1;

	return pp->found;
	error:
	free(pp->probes[0]);

	return ret;
	}

	static int open_kprobe_events(int flags, int mode)
	{
	char buf[PATH_MAX];
	int ret;

	ret = e_snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/../kprobe_events", debugfs_path);
	if (ret < 0)
	die("Failed to make kprobe_events path.");

	ret = open(buf, flags, mode);
	if (ret < 0) {
	if (errno == ENOENT)
	die("kprobe_events file does not exist -"
	" please rebuild with CONFIG_KPROBE_TRACER.");
	else
	die("Could not open kprobe_events file: %s",
	strerror(errno));
	}
	return ret;
	}

	/* Get raw string list of current kprobe_events */
	static struct strlist *get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(int fd)
	{
	int ret, idx;
	FILE *fp;
	char buf[MAX_CMDLEN];
	char *p;
	struct strlist *sl;

	sl = strlist__new(true, NULL);

	fp = fdopen(dup(fd), "r");
	while (!feof(fp)) {
	p = fgets(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, fp);
	if (!p)
	break;

	idx = strlen(p) - 1;
	if (p[idx] == '\n')
	p[idx] = '\0';
	ret = strlist__add(sl, buf);
	if (ret < 0)
	die("strlist__add failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
	}
	fclose(fp);

	return sl;
	}

	/* Free and zero clear probe_point */
	static void clear_probe_point(struct probe_point *pp)
	{
	int i;

	if (pp->function)
	free(pp->function);
	if (pp->file)
	free(pp->file);
	for (i = 0; i < pp->nr_args; i++)
	free(pp->args[i]);
	if (pp->args)
	free(pp->args);
	for (i = 0; i < pp->found; i++)
	free(pp->probes[i]);
	memset(pp, 0, sizeof(pp));
	}

	/* List up current perf-probe events */
	void show_perf_probe_events(void)
	{
	unsigned int i;
	int fd;
	char group, event;
	struct probe_point pp;
	struct strlist *rawlist;
	struct str_node *ent;

	fd = open_kprobe_events(O_RDONLY, 0);
	rawlist = get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(fd);
	close(fd);

	for (i = 0; i < strlist__nr_entries(rawlist); i++) {
	ent = strlist__entry(rawlist, i);
	parse_trace_kprobe_event(ent->s, &group, &event, &pp);
	synthesize_perf_probe_event(&pp);
	printf("[%s:%s]\t%s\n", group, event, pp.probes[0]);
	free(group);
	free(event);
	clear_probe_point(&pp);
	}

	strlist__delete(rawlist);
	}

	/* Get current perf-probe event names */
	static struct strlist *get_perf_event_names(int fd)
	{
	unsigned int i;
	char group, event;
	struct strlist sl, rawlist;
	struct str_node *ent;

	rawlist = get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(fd);

	sl = strlist__new(false, NULL);
	for (i = 0; i < strlist__nr_entries(rawlist); i++) {
	ent = strlist__entry(rawlist, i);
	parse_trace_kprobe_event(ent->s, &group, &event, NULL);
	strlist__add(sl, event);
	free(group);
	}

	strlist__delete(rawlist);

	return sl;
	}

	static int write_trace_kprobe_event(int fd, const char *buf)
	{
	int ret;

	ret = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
	if (ret <= 0)
	die("Failed to create event.");
	else
	printf("Added new event: %s\n", buf);

	return ret;
	}

	static void get_new_event_name(char buf, size_t len, const char base,
	struct strlist *namelist)
	{
	int i, ret;
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENT_INDEX; i++) {
	ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s_%d", base, i);
	if (ret < 0)
	die("snprintf() failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
	if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
	break;
	}
	if (i == MAX_EVENT_INDEX)
	die("Too many events are on the same function.");
	}

	void add_trace_kprobe_events(struct probe_point *probes, int nr_probes)
	{
	int i, j, fd;
	struct probe_point *pp;
	char buf[MAX_CMDLEN];
	char event[64];
	struct strlist *namelist;

	fd = open_kprobe_events(O_RDWR, O_APPEND);
	/* Get current event names */
	namelist = get_perf_event_names(fd);

	for (j = 0; j < nr_probes; j++) {
	pp = probes + j;
	for (i = 0; i < pp->found; i++) {
	/* Get an unused new event name */
	get_new_event_name(event, 64, pp->function, namelist);
	snprintf(buf, MAX_CMDLEN, "%c:%s/%s %s\n",
	pp->retprobe ? 'r' : 'p',
	PERFPROBE_GROUP, event,
	pp->probes[i]);
	write_trace_kprobe_event(fd, buf);
	/* Add added event name to namelist */
	strlist__add(namelist, event);
	}
	}
	close(fd);
	}