documentation: update Documentation/filesystem/proc.txt and Documentation/sysctls
Now /proc/sys is described in many places and much information is
redundant. This patch updates the proc.txt and move the /proc/sys
desciption out to the files in Documentation/sysctls.
Details are:
merge
- 2.1 /proc/sys/fs - File system data
- 2.11 /proc/sys/fs/mqueue - POSIX message queues filesystem
- 2.17 /proc/sys/fs/epoll - Configuration options for the epoll interface
with Documentation/sysctls/fs.txt.
remove
- 2.2 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc - Miscellaneous binary formats
since it's not better then the Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt.
merge
- 2.3 /proc/sys/kernel - general kernel parameters
with Documentation/sysctls/kernel.txt
remove
- 2.5 /proc/sys/dev - Device specific parameters
since it's obsolete the sysfs is used now.
remove
- 2.6 /proc/sys/sunrpc - Remote procedure calls
since it's not better then the Documentation/sysctls/sunrpc.txt
move
- 2.7 /proc/sys/net - Networking stuff
- 2.9 Appletalk
- 2.10 IPX
to newly created Documentation/sysctls/net.txt.
remove
- 2.8 /proc/sys/net/ipv4 - IPV4 settings
since it's not better then the Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt.
add
- Chapter 3 Per-Process Parameters
to descibe /proc/<pid>/xxx parameters.
Signed-off-by: Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
index efc4fd9..ce84cfc 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
Bodo Bauer <bb@ricochet.net>
2.4.x update Jorge Nerin <comandante@zaralinux.com> November 14 2000
+move /proc/sys Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com> April 1 2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version 1.3 Kernel version 2.2.12
Kernel version 2.4.0-test11-pre4
@@ -26,25 +27,17 @@
1.6 Parallel port info in /proc/parport
1.7 TTY info in /proc/tty
1.8 Miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/stat
+ 1.9 Ext4 file system parameters
2 Modifying System Parameters
- 2.1 /proc/sys/fs - File system data
- 2.2 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc - Miscellaneous binary formats
- 2.3 /proc/sys/kernel - general kernel parameters
- 2.4 /proc/sys/vm - The virtual memory subsystem
- 2.5 /proc/sys/dev - Device specific parameters
- 2.6 /proc/sys/sunrpc - Remote procedure calls
- 2.7 /proc/sys/net - Networking stuff
- 2.8 /proc/sys/net/ipv4 - IPV4 settings
- 2.9 Appletalk
- 2.10 IPX
- 2.11 /proc/sys/fs/mqueue - POSIX message queues filesystem
- 2.12 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
- 2.13 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
- 2.14 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
- 2.15 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
- 2.16 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
- 2.17 /proc/sys/fs/epoll - Configuration options for the epoll interface
+
+ 3 Per-Process Parameters
+ 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
+ 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
+ 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
+ 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
+ 3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
+
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preface
@@ -990,1021 +983,24 @@
This chapter is heavily based on the documentation included in the pre 2.2
kernels, and became part of it in version 2.2.1 of the Linux kernel.
-2.1 /proc/sys/fs - File system data
------------------------------------
-
-This subdirectory contains specific file system, file handle, inode, dentry
-and quota information.
-
-Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/fs:
-
-dentry-state
-------------
-
-Status of the directory cache. Since directory entries are dynamically
-allocated and deallocated, this file indicates the current status. It holds
-six values, in which the last two are not used and are always zero. The others
-are listed in table 2-1.
-
-
-Table 2-1: Status files of the directory cache
-..............................................................................
- File Content
- nr_dentry Almost always zero
- nr_unused Number of unused cache entries
- age_limit
- in seconds after the entry may be reclaimed, when memory is short
- want_pages internally
-..............................................................................
-
-dquot-nr and dquot-max
-----------------------
-
-The file dquot-max shows the maximum number of cached disk quota entries.
-
-The file dquot-nr shows the number of allocated disk quota entries and the
-number of free disk quota entries.
-
-If the number of available cached disk quotas is very low and you have a large
-number of simultaneous system users, you might want to raise the limit.
-
-file-nr and file-max
---------------------
-
-The kernel allocates file handles dynamically, but doesn't free them again at
-this time.
-
-The value in file-max denotes the maximum number of file handles that the
-Linux kernel will allocate. When you get a lot of error messages about running
-out of file handles, you might want to raise this limit. The default value is
-10% of RAM in kilobytes. To change it, just write the new number into the
-file:
-
- # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
- 4096
- # echo 8192 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
- # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
- 8192
-
-
-This method of revision is useful for all customizable parameters of the
-kernel - simply echo the new value to the corresponding file.
-
-Historically, the three values in file-nr denoted the number of allocated file
-handles, the number of allocated but unused file handles, and the maximum
-number of file handles. Linux 2.6 always reports 0 as the number of free file
-handles -- this is not an error, it just means that the number of allocated
-file handles exactly matches the number of used file handles.
-
-Attempts to allocate more file descriptors than file-max are reported with
-printk, look for "VFS: file-max limit <number> reached".
-
-inode-state and inode-nr
-------------------------
-
-The file inode-nr contains the first two items from inode-state, so we'll skip
-to that file...
-
-inode-state contains two actual numbers and five dummy values. The numbers
-are nr_inodes and nr_free_inodes (in order of appearance).
-
-nr_inodes
-~~~~~~~~~
-
-Denotes the number of inodes the system has allocated. This number will
-grow and shrink dynamically.
-
-nr_open
--------
-
-Denotes the maximum number of file-handles a process can
-allocate. Default value is 1024*1024 (1048576) which should be
-enough for most machines. Actual limit depends on RLIMIT_NOFILE
-resource limit.
-
-nr_free_inodes
---------------
-
-Represents the number of free inodes. Ie. The number of inuse inodes is
-(nr_inodes - nr_free_inodes).
-
-aio-nr and aio-max-nr
----------------------
-
-aio-nr is the running total of the number of events specified on the
-io_setup system call for all currently active aio contexts. If aio-nr
-reaches aio-max-nr then io_setup will fail with EAGAIN. Note that
-raising aio-max-nr does not result in the pre-allocation or re-sizing
-of any kernel data structures.
-
-2.2 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc - Miscellaneous binary formats
------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Besides these files, there is the subdirectory /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc. This
-handles the kernel support for miscellaneous binary formats.
-
-Binfmt_misc provides the ability to register additional binary formats to the
-Kernel without compiling an additional module/kernel. Therefore, binfmt_misc
-needs to know magic numbers at the beginning or the filename extension of the
-binary.
-
-It works by maintaining a linked list of structs that contain a description of
-a binary format, including a magic with size (or the filename extension),
-offset and mask, and the interpreter name. On request it invokes the given
-interpreter with the original program as argument, as binfmt_java and
-binfmt_em86 and binfmt_mz do. Since binfmt_misc does not define any default
-binary-formats, you have to register an additional binary-format.
-
-There are two general files in binfmt_misc and one file per registered format.
-The two general files are register and status.
-
-Registering a new binary format
--------------------------------
-
-To register a new binary format you have to issue the command
-
- echo :name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter: > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-
-
-
-with appropriate name (the name for the /proc-dir entry), offset (defaults to
-0, if omitted), magic, mask (which can be omitted, defaults to all 0xff) and
-last but not least, the interpreter that is to be invoked (for example and
-testing /bin/echo). Type can be M for usual magic matching or E for filename
-extension matching (give extension in place of magic).
-
-Check or reset the status of the binary format handler
-------------------------------------------------------
-
-If you do a cat on the file /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status, you will get the
-current status (enabled/disabled) of binfmt_misc. Change the status by echoing
-0 (disables) or 1 (enables) or -1 (caution: this clears all previously
-registered binary formats) to status. For example echo 0 > status to disable
-binfmt_misc (temporarily).
-
-Status of a single handler
---------------------------
-
-Each registered handler has an entry in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc. These files
-perform the same function as status, but their scope is limited to the actual
-binary format. By cating this file, you also receive all related information
-about the interpreter/magic of the binfmt.
-
-Example usage of binfmt_misc (emulate binfmt_java)
---------------------------------------------------
-
- cd /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
- echo ':Java:M::\xca\xfe\xba\xbe::/usr/local/java/bin/javawrapper:' > register
- echo ':HTML:E::html::/usr/local/java/bin/appletviewer:' > register
- echo ':Applet:M::<!--applet::/usr/local/java/bin/appletviewer:' > register
- echo ':DEXE:M::\x0eDEX::/usr/bin/dosexec:' > register
-
-
-These four lines add support for Java executables and Java applets (like
-binfmt_java, additionally recognizing the .html extension with no need to put
-<!--applet> to every applet file). You have to install the JDK and the
-shell-script /usr/local/java/bin/javawrapper too. It works around the
-brokenness of the Java filename handling. To add a Java binary, just create a
-link to the class-file somewhere in the path.
-
-2.3 /proc/sys/kernel - general kernel parameters
-------------------------------------------------
-
-This directory reflects general kernel behaviors. As I've said before, the
-contents depend on your configuration. Here you'll find the most important
-files, along with descriptions of what they mean and how to use them.
-
-acct
-----
-
-The file contains three values; highwater, lowwater, and frequency.
-
-It exists only when BSD-style process accounting is enabled. These values
-control its behavior. If the free space on the file system where the log lives
-goes below lowwater percentage, accounting suspends. If it goes above
-highwater percentage, accounting resumes. Frequency determines how often you
-check the amount of free space (value is in seconds). Default settings are: 4,
-2, and 30. That is, suspend accounting if there is less than 2 percent free;
-resume it if we have a value of 3 or more percent; consider information about
-the amount of free space valid for 30 seconds
-
-ctrl-alt-del
-------------
-
-When the value in this file is 0, ctrl-alt-del is trapped and sent to the init
-program to handle a graceful restart. However, when the value is greater that
-zero, Linux's reaction to this key combination will be an immediate reboot,
-without syncing its dirty buffers.
-
-[NOTE]
- When a program (like dosemu) has the keyboard in raw mode, the
- ctrl-alt-del is intercepted by the program before it ever reaches the
- kernel tty layer, and it is up to the program to decide what to do with
- it.
-
-domainname and hostname
------------------------
-
-These files can be controlled to set the NIS domainname and hostname of your
-box. For the classic darkstar.frop.org a simple:
-
- # echo "darkstar" > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
- # echo "frop.org" > /proc/sys/kernel/domainname
-
-
-would suffice to set your hostname and NIS domainname.
-
-osrelease, ostype and version
------------------------------
-
-The names make it pretty obvious what these fields contain:
-
- > cat /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
- 2.2.12
-
- > cat /proc/sys/kernel/ostype
- Linux
-
- > cat /proc/sys/kernel/version
- #4 Fri Oct 1 12:41:14 PDT 1999
-
-
-The files osrelease and ostype should be clear enough. Version needs a little
-more clarification. The #4 means that this is the 4th kernel built from this
-source base and the date after it indicates the time the kernel was built. The
-only way to tune these values is to rebuild the kernel.
-
-panic
------
-
-The value in this file represents the number of seconds the kernel waits
-before rebooting on a panic. When you use the software watchdog, the
-recommended setting is 60. If set to 0, the auto reboot after a kernel panic
-is disabled, which is the default setting.
-
-printk
-------
-
-The four values in printk denote
-* console_loglevel,
-* default_message_loglevel,
-* minimum_console_loglevel and
-* default_console_loglevel
-respectively.
-
-These values influence printk() behavior when printing or logging error
-messages, which come from inside the kernel. See syslog(2) for more
-information on the different log levels.
-
-console_loglevel
-----------------
-
-Messages with a higher priority than this will be printed to the console.
-
-default_message_level
----------------------
-
-Messages without an explicit priority will be printed with this priority.
-
-minimum_console_loglevel
-------------------------
-
-Minimum (highest) value to which the console_loglevel can be set.
-
-default_console_loglevel
-------------------------
-
-Default value for console_loglevel.
-
-sg-big-buff
------------
-
-This file shows the size of the generic SCSI (sg) buffer. At this point, you
-can't tune it yet, but you can change it at compile time by editing
-include/scsi/sg.h and changing the value of SG_BIG_BUFF.
-
-If you use a scanner with SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) you might want to set
-this to a higher value. Refer to the SANE documentation on this issue.
-
-modprobe
---------
-
-The location where the modprobe binary is located. The kernel uses this
-program to load modules on demand.
-
-unknown_nmi_panic
------------------
-
-The value in this file affects behavior of handling NMI. When the value is
-non-zero, unknown NMI is trapped and then panic occurs. At that time, kernel
-debugging information is displayed on console.
-
-NMI switch that most IA32 servers have fires unknown NMI up, for example.
-If a system hangs up, try pressing the NMI switch.
-
-panic_on_unrecovered_nmi
-------------------------
-
-The default Linux behaviour on an NMI of either memory or unknown is to continue
-operation. For many environments such as scientific computing it is preferable
-that the box is taken out and the error dealt with than an uncorrected
-parity/ECC error get propogated.
-
-A small number of systems do generate NMI's for bizarre random reasons such as
-power management so the default is off. That sysctl works like the existing
-panic controls already in that directory.
-
-nmi_watchdog
-------------
-
-Enables/Disables the NMI watchdog on x86 systems. When the value is non-zero
-the NMI watchdog is enabled and will continuously test all online cpus to
-determine whether or not they are still functioning properly. Currently,
-passing "nmi_watchdog=" parameter at boot time is required for this function
-to work.
-
-If LAPIC NMI watchdog method is in use (nmi_watchdog=2 kernel parameter), the
-NMI watchdog shares registers with oprofile. By disabling the NMI watchdog,
-oprofile may have more registers to utilize.
-
-msgmni
-------
-
-Maximum number of message queue ids on the system.
-This value scales to the amount of lowmem. It is automatically recomputed
-upon memory add/remove or ipc namespace creation/removal.
-When a value is written into this file, msgmni's value becomes fixed, i.e. it
-is not recomputed anymore when one of the above events occurs.
-Use auto_msgmni to change this behavior.
-
-auto_msgmni
------------
-
-Enables/Disables automatic recomputing of msgmni upon memory add/remove or
-upon ipc namespace creation/removal (see the msgmni description above).
-Echoing "1" into this file enables msgmni automatic recomputing.
-Echoing "0" turns it off.
-auto_msgmni default value is 1.
-
-
-2.4 /proc/sys/vm - The virtual memory subsystem
------------------------------------------------
-
-Please see: Documentation/sysctls/vm.txt for a description of these
+Please see: Documentation/sysctls/ directory for descriptions of these
entries.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Summary
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Certain aspects of kernel behavior can be modified at runtime, without the
+need to recompile the kernel, or even to reboot the system. The files in the
+/proc/sys tree can not only be read, but also modified. You can use the echo
+command to write value into these files, thereby changing the default settings
+of the kernel.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-2.5 /proc/sys/dev - Device specific parameters
-----------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CHAPTER 3: PER-PROCESS PARAMETERS
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Currently there is only support for CDROM drives, and for those, there is only
-one read-only file containing information about the CD-ROM drives attached to
-the system:
-
- >cat /proc/sys/dev/cdrom/info
- CD-ROM information, Id: cdrom.c 2.55 1999/04/25
-
- drive name: sr0 hdb
- drive speed: 32 40
- drive # of slots: 1 0
- Can close tray: 1 1
- Can open tray: 1 1
- Can lock tray: 1 1
- Can change speed: 1 1
- Can select disk: 0 1
- Can read multisession: 1 1
- Can read MCN: 1 1
- Reports media changed: 1 1
- Can play audio: 1 1
-
-
-You see two drives, sr0 and hdb, along with a list of their features.
-
-2.6 /proc/sys/sunrpc - Remote procedure calls
----------------------------------------------
-
-This directory contains four files, which enable or disable debugging for the
-RPC functions NFS, NFS-daemon, RPC and NLM. The default values are 0. They can
-be set to one to turn debugging on. (The default value is 0 for each)
-
-2.7 /proc/sys/net - Networking stuff
-------------------------------------
-
-The interface to the networking parts of the kernel is located in
-/proc/sys/net. Table 2-3 shows all possible subdirectories. You may see only
-some of them, depending on your kernel's configuration.
-
-
-Table 2-3: Subdirectories in /proc/sys/net
-..............................................................................
- Directory Content Directory Content
- core General parameter appletalk Appletalk protocol
- unix Unix domain sockets netrom NET/ROM
- 802 E802 protocol ax25 AX25
- ethernet Ethernet protocol rose X.25 PLP layer
- ipv4 IP version 4 x25 X.25 protocol
- ipx IPX token-ring IBM token ring
- bridge Bridging decnet DEC net
- ipv6 IP version 6
-..............................................................................
-
-We will concentrate on IP networking here. Since AX15, X.25, and DEC Net are
-only minor players in the Linux world, we'll skip them in this chapter. You'll
-find some short info on Appletalk and IPX further on in this chapter. Review
-the online documentation and the kernel source to get a detailed view of the
-parameters for those protocols. In this section we'll discuss the
-subdirectories printed in bold letters in the table above. As default values
-are suitable for most needs, there is no need to change these values.
-
-/proc/sys/net/core - Network core options
------------------------------------------
-
-rmem_default
-------------
-
-The default setting of the socket receive buffer in bytes.
-
-rmem_max
---------
-
-The maximum receive socket buffer size in bytes.
-
-wmem_default
-------------
-
-The default setting (in bytes) of the socket send buffer.
-
-wmem_max
---------
-
-The maximum send socket buffer size in bytes.
-
-message_burst and message_cost
-------------------------------
-
-These parameters are used to limit the warning messages written to the kernel
-log from the networking code. They enforce a rate limit to make a
-denial-of-service attack impossible. A higher message_cost factor, results in
-fewer messages that will be written. Message_burst controls when messages will
-be dropped. The default settings limit warning messages to one every five
-seconds.
-
-warnings
---------
-
-This controls console messages from the networking stack that can occur because
-of problems on the network like duplicate address or bad checksums. Normally,
-this should be enabled, but if the problem persists the messages can be
-disabled.
-
-netdev_budget
--------------
-
-Maximum number of packets taken from all interfaces in one polling cycle (NAPI
-poll). In one polling cycle interfaces which are registered to polling are
-probed in a round-robin manner. The limit of packets in one such probe can be
-set per-device via sysfs class/net/<device>/weight .
-
-netdev_max_backlog
-------------------
-
-Maximum number of packets, queued on the INPUT side, when the interface
-receives packets faster than kernel can process them.
-
-optmem_max
-----------
-
-Maximum ancillary buffer size allowed per socket. Ancillary data is a sequence
-of struct cmsghdr structures with appended data.
-
-/proc/sys/net/unix - Parameters for Unix domain sockets
--------------------------------------------------------
-
-There are only two files in this subdirectory. They control the delays for
-deleting and destroying socket descriptors.
-
-2.8 /proc/sys/net/ipv4 - IPV4 settings
---------------------------------------
-
-IP version 4 is still the most used protocol in Unix networking. It will be
-replaced by IP version 6 in the next couple of years, but for the moment it's
-the de facto standard for the internet and is used in most networking
-environments around the world. Because of the importance of this protocol,
-we'll have a deeper look into the subtree controlling the behavior of the IPv4
-subsystem of the Linux kernel.
-
-Let's start with the entries in /proc/sys/net/ipv4.
-
-ICMP settings
--------------
-
-icmp_echo_ignore_all and icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
-----------------------------------------------------
-
-Turn on (1) or off (0), if the kernel should ignore all ICMP ECHO requests, or
-just those to broadcast and multicast addresses.
-
-Please note that if you accept ICMP echo requests with a broadcast/multi\-cast
-destination address your network may be used as an exploder for denial of
-service packet flooding attacks to other hosts.
-
-icmp_destunreach_rate, icmp_echoreply_rate, icmp_paramprob_rate and icmp_timeexeed_rate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Sets limits for sending ICMP packets to specific targets. A value of zero
-disables all limiting. Any positive value sets the maximum package rate in
-hundredth of a second (on Intel systems).
-
-IP settings
------------
-
-ip_autoconfig
--------------
-
-This file contains the number one if the host received its IP configuration by
-RARP, BOOTP, DHCP or a similar mechanism. Otherwise it is zero.
-
-ip_default_ttl
---------------
-
-TTL (Time To Live) for IPv4 interfaces. This is simply the maximum number of
-hops a packet may travel.
-
-ip_dynaddr
-----------
-
-Enable dynamic socket address rewriting on interface address change. This is
-useful for dialup interface with changing IP addresses.
-
-ip_forward
-----------
-
-Enable or disable forwarding of IP packages between interfaces. Changing this
-value resets all other parameters to their default values. They differ if the
-kernel is configured as host or router.
-
-ip_local_port_range
--------------------
-
-Range of ports used by TCP and UDP to choose the local port. Contains two
-numbers, the first number is the lowest port, the second number the highest
-local port. Default is 1024-4999. Should be changed to 32768-61000 for
-high-usage systems.
-
-ip_no_pmtu_disc
----------------
-
-Global switch to turn path MTU discovery off. It can also be set on a per
-socket basis by the applications or on a per route basis.
-
-ip_masq_debug
--------------
-
-Enable/disable debugging of IP masquerading.
-
-IP fragmentation settings
--------------------------
-
-ipfrag_high_trash and ipfrag_low_trash
---------------------------------------
-
-Maximum memory used to reassemble IP fragments. When ipfrag_high_thresh bytes
-of memory is allocated for this purpose, the fragment handler will toss
-packets until ipfrag_low_thresh is reached.
-
-ipfrag_time
------------
-
-Time in seconds to keep an IP fragment in memory.
-
-TCP settings
-------------
-
-tcp_ecn
--------
-
-This file controls the use of the ECN bit in the IPv4 headers. This is a new
-feature about Explicit Congestion Notification, but some routers and firewalls
-block traffic that has this bit set, so it could be necessary to echo 0 to
-/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn if you want to talk to these sites. For more info
-you could read RFC2481.
-
-tcp_retrans_collapse
---------------------
-
-Bug-to-bug compatibility with some broken printers. On retransmit, try to send
-larger packets to work around bugs in certain TCP stacks. Can be turned off by
-setting it to zero.
-
-tcp_keepalive_probes
---------------------
-
-Number of keep alive probes TCP sends out, until it decides that the
-connection is broken.
-
-tcp_keepalive_time
-------------------
-
-How often TCP sends out keep alive messages, when keep alive is enabled. The
-default is 2 hours.
-
-tcp_syn_retries
----------------
-
-Number of times initial SYNs for a TCP connection attempt will be
-retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. This is only the timeout for
-outgoing connections, for incoming connections the number of retransmits is
-defined by tcp_retries1.
-
-tcp_sack
---------
-
-Enable select acknowledgments after RFC2018.
-
-tcp_timestamps
---------------
-
-Enable timestamps as defined in RFC1323.
-
-tcp_stdurg
-----------
-
-Enable the strict RFC793 interpretation of the TCP urgent pointer field. The
-default is to use the BSD compatible interpretation of the urgent pointer
-pointing to the first byte after the urgent data. The RFC793 interpretation is
-to have it point to the last byte of urgent data. Enabling this option may
-lead to interoperability problems. Disabled by default.
-
-tcp_syncookies
---------------
-
-Only valid when the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_SYNCOOKIES. Send out
-syncookies when the syn backlog queue of a socket overflows. This is to ward
-off the common 'syn flood attack'. Disabled by default.
-
-Note that the concept of a socket backlog is abandoned. This means the peer
-may not receive reliable error messages from an over loaded server with
-syncookies enabled.
-
-tcp_window_scaling
-------------------
-
-Enable window scaling as defined in RFC1323.
-
-tcp_fin_timeout
----------------
-
-The length of time in seconds it takes to receive a final FIN before the
-socket is always closed. This is strictly a violation of the TCP
-specification, but required to prevent denial-of-service attacks.
-
-tcp_max_ka_probes
------------------
-
-Indicates how many keep alive probes are sent per slow timer run. Should not
-be set too high to prevent bursts.
-
-tcp_max_syn_backlog
--------------------
-
-Length of the per socket backlog queue. Since Linux 2.2 the backlog specified
-in listen(2) only specifies the length of the backlog queue of already
-established sockets. When more connection requests arrive Linux starts to drop
-packets. When syncookies are enabled the packets are still answered and the
-maximum queue is effectively ignored.
-
-tcp_retries1
-------------
-
-Defines how often an answer to a TCP connection request is retransmitted
-before giving up.
-
-tcp_retries2
-------------
-
-Defines how often a TCP packet is retransmitted before giving up.
-
-Interface specific settings
----------------------------
-
-In the directory /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf you'll find one subdirectory for each
-interface the system knows about and one directory calls all. Changes in the
-all subdirectory affect all interfaces, whereas changes in the other
-subdirectories affect only one interface. All directories have the same
-entries:
-
-accept_redirects
-----------------
-
-This switch decides if the kernel accepts ICMP redirect messages or not. The
-default is 'yes' if the kernel is configured for a regular host and 'no' for a
-router configuration.
-
-accept_source_route
--------------------
-
-Should source routed packages be accepted or declined. The default is
-dependent on the kernel configuration. It's 'yes' for routers and 'no' for
-hosts.
-
-bootp_relay
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Accept packets with source address 0.b.c.d with destinations not to this host
-as local ones. It is supposed that a BOOTP relay daemon will catch and forward
-such packets.
-
-The default is 0, since this feature is not implemented yet (kernel version
-2.2.12).
-
-forwarding
-----------
-
-Enable or disable IP forwarding on this interface.
-
-log_martians
-------------
-
-Log packets with source addresses with no known route to kernel log.
-
-mc_forwarding
--------------
-
-Do multicast routing. The kernel needs to be compiled with CONFIG_MROUTE and a
-multicast routing daemon is required.
-
-proxy_arp
----------
-
-Does (1) or does not (0) perform proxy ARP.
-
-rp_filter
----------
-
-Integer value determines if a source validation should be made. 1 means yes, 0
-means no. Disabled by default, but local/broadcast address spoofing is always
-on.
-
-If you set this to 1 on a router that is the only connection for a network to
-the net, it will prevent spoofing attacks against your internal networks
-(external addresses can still be spoofed), without the need for additional
-firewall rules.
-
-secure_redirects
-----------------
-
-Accept ICMP redirect messages only for gateways, listed in default gateway
-list. Enabled by default.
-
-shared_media
-------------
-
-If it is not set the kernel does not assume that different subnets on this
-device can communicate directly. Default setting is 'yes'.
-
-send_redirects
---------------
-
-Determines whether to send ICMP redirects to other hosts.
-
-Routing settings
-----------------
-
-The directory /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route contains several file to control
-routing issues.
-
-error_burst and error_cost
---------------------------
-
-These parameters are used to limit how many ICMP destination unreachable to
-send from the host in question. ICMP destination unreachable messages are
-sent when we cannot reach the next hop while trying to transmit a packet.
-It will also print some error messages to kernel logs if someone is ignoring
-our ICMP redirects. The higher the error_cost factor is, the fewer
-destination unreachable and error messages will be let through. Error_burst
-controls when destination unreachable messages and error messages will be
-dropped. The default settings limit warning messages to five every second.
-
-flush
------
-
-Writing to this file results in a flush of the routing cache.
-
-gc_elasticity, gc_interval, gc_min_interval_ms, gc_timeout, gc_thresh
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Values to control the frequency and behavior of the garbage collection
-algorithm for the routing cache. gc_min_interval is deprecated and replaced
-by gc_min_interval_ms.
-
-
-max_size
---------
-
-Maximum size of the routing cache. Old entries will be purged once the cache
-reached has this size.
-
-redirect_load, redirect_number
-------------------------------
-
-Factors which determine if more ICPM redirects should be sent to a specific
-host. No redirects will be sent once the load limit or the maximum number of
-redirects has been reached.
-
-redirect_silence
-----------------
-
-Timeout for redirects. After this period redirects will be sent again, even if
-this has been stopped, because the load or number limit has been reached.
-
-Network Neighbor handling
--------------------------
-
-Settings about how to handle connections with direct neighbors (nodes attached
-to the same link) can be found in the directory /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh.
-
-As we saw it in the conf directory, there is a default subdirectory which
-holds the default values, and one directory for each interface. The contents
-of the directories are identical, with the single exception that the default
-settings contain additional options to set garbage collection parameters.
-
-In the interface directories you'll find the following entries:
-
-base_reachable_time, base_reachable_time_ms
--------------------------------------------
-
-A base value used for computing the random reachable time value as specified
-in RFC2461.
-
-Expression of base_reachable_time, which is deprecated, is in seconds.
-Expression of base_reachable_time_ms is in milliseconds.
-
-retrans_time, retrans_time_ms
------------------------------
-
-The time between retransmitted Neighbor Solicitation messages.
-Used for address resolution and to determine if a neighbor is
-unreachable.
-
-Expression of retrans_time, which is deprecated, is in 1/100 seconds (for
-IPv4) or in jiffies (for IPv6).
-Expression of retrans_time_ms is in milliseconds.
-
-unres_qlen
-----------
-
-Maximum queue length for a pending arp request - the number of packets which
-are accepted from other layers while the ARP address is still resolved.
-
-anycast_delay
--------------
-
-Maximum for random delay of answers to neighbor solicitation messages in
-jiffies (1/100 sec). Not yet implemented (Linux does not have anycast support
-yet).
-
-ucast_solicit
--------------
-
-Maximum number of retries for unicast solicitation.
-
-mcast_solicit
--------------
-
-Maximum number of retries for multicast solicitation.
-
-delay_first_probe_time
-----------------------
-
-Delay for the first time probe if the neighbor is reachable. (see
-gc_stale_time)
-
-locktime
---------
-
-An ARP/neighbor entry is only replaced with a new one if the old is at least
-locktime old. This prevents ARP cache thrashing.
-
-proxy_delay
------------
-
-Maximum time (real time is random [0..proxytime]) before answering to an ARP
-request for which we have an proxy ARP entry. In some cases, this is used to
-prevent network flooding.
-
-proxy_qlen
-----------
-
-Maximum queue length of the delayed proxy arp timer. (see proxy_delay).
-
-app_solicit
-----------
-
-Determines the number of requests to send to the user level ARP daemon. Use 0
-to turn off.
-
-gc_stale_time
--------------
-
-Determines how often to check for stale ARP entries. After an ARP entry is
-stale it will be resolved again (which is useful when an IP address migrates
-to another machine). When ucast_solicit is greater than 0 it first tries to
-send an ARP packet directly to the known host When that fails and
-mcast_solicit is greater than 0, an ARP request is broadcasted.
-
-2.9 Appletalk
--------------
-
-The /proc/sys/net/appletalk directory holds the Appletalk configuration data
-when Appletalk is loaded. The configurable parameters are:
-
-aarp-expiry-time
-----------------
-
-The amount of time we keep an ARP entry before expiring it. Used to age out
-old hosts.
-
-aarp-resolve-time
------------------
-
-The amount of time we will spend trying to resolve an Appletalk address.
-
-aarp-retransmit-limit
----------------------
-
-The number of times we will retransmit a query before giving up.
-
-aarp-tick-time
---------------
-
-Controls the rate at which expires are checked.
-
-The directory /proc/net/appletalk holds the list of active Appletalk sockets
-on a machine.
-
-The fields indicate the DDP type, the local address (in network:node format)
-the remote address, the size of the transmit pending queue, the size of the
-received queue (bytes waiting for applications to read) the state and the uid
-owning the socket.
-
-/proc/net/atalk_iface lists all the interfaces configured for appletalk.It
-shows the name of the interface, its Appletalk address, the network range on
-that address (or network number for phase 1 networks), and the status of the
-interface.
-
-/proc/net/atalk_route lists each known network route. It lists the target
-(network) that the route leads to, the router (may be directly connected), the
-route flags, and the device the route is using.
-
-2.10 IPX
---------
-
-The IPX protocol has no tunable values in proc/sys/net.
-
-The IPX protocol does, however, provide proc/net/ipx. This lists each IPX
-socket giving the local and remote addresses in Novell format (that is
-network:node:port). In accordance with the strange Novell tradition,
-everything but the port is in hex. Not_Connected is displayed for sockets that
-are not tied to a specific remote address. The Tx and Rx queue sizes indicate
-the number of bytes pending for transmission and reception. The state
-indicates the state the socket is in and the uid is the owning uid of the
-socket.
-
-The /proc/net/ipx_interface file lists all IPX interfaces. For each interface
-it gives the network number, the node number, and indicates if the network is
-the primary network. It also indicates which device it is bound to (or
-Internal for internal networks) and the Frame Type if appropriate. Linux
-supports 802.3, 802.2, 802.2 SNAP and DIX (Blue Book) ethernet framing for
-IPX.
-
-The /proc/net/ipx_route table holds a list of IPX routes. For each route it
-gives the destination network, the router node (or Directly) and the network
-address of the router (or Connected) for internal networks.
-
-2.11 /proc/sys/fs/mqueue - POSIX message queues filesystem
-----------------------------------------------------------
-
-The "mqueue" filesystem provides the necessary kernel features to enable the
-creation of a user space library that implements the POSIX message queues
-API (as noted by the MSG tag in the POSIX 1003.1-2001 version of the System
-Interfaces specification.)
-
-The "mqueue" filesystem contains values for determining/setting the amount of
-resources used by the file system.
-
-/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/queues_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
-maximum number of message queues allowed on the system.
-
-/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
-maximum number of messages in a queue value. In fact it is the limiting value
-for another (user) limit which is set in mq_open invocation. This attribute of
-a queue must be less or equal then msg_max.
-
-/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
-maximum message size value (it is every message queue's attribute set during
-its creation).
-
-2.12 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
+3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
------------------------------------------------------
This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes
@@ -2041,25 +1037,15 @@
are killed, process itself will be killed in an OOM situation when it does
not have children or some of them disabled oom like described above.
-2.13 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
+3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This file can be used to check the current score used by the oom-killer is for
any given <pid>. Use it together with /proc/<pid>/oom_adj to tune which
process should be killed in an out-of-memory situation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Summary
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Certain aspects of kernel behavior can be modified at runtime, without the
-need to recompile the kernel, or even to reboot the system. The files in the
-/proc/sys tree can not only be read, but also modified. You can use the echo
-command to write value into these files, thereby changing the default settings
-of the kernel.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-2.14 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
+3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
-------------------------------------------------------
This file contains IO statistics for each running process
@@ -2161,7 +1147,7 @@
More information about this can be found within the taskstats documentation in
Documentation/accounting.
-2.15 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
+3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
---------------------------------------------------------------
When a process is dumped, all anonymous memory is written to a core file as
long as the size of the core file isn't limited. But sometimes we don't want
@@ -2205,7 +1191,7 @@
$ echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter
$ ./some_program
-2.16 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
+3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
--------------------------------------------------------
This file contains lines of the form:
@@ -2242,30 +1228,3 @@
Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt
-2.17 /proc/sys/fs/epoll - Configuration options for the epoll interface
---------------------------------------------------------
-
-This directory contains configuration options for the epoll(7) interface.
-
-max_user_instances
-------------------
-
-This is the maximum number of epoll file descriptors that a single user can
-have open at a given time. The default value is 128, and should be enough
-for normal users.
-
-max_user_watches
-----------------
-
-Every epoll file descriptor can store a number of files to be monitored
-for event readiness. Each one of these monitored files constitutes a "watch".
-This configuration option sets the maximum number of "watches" that are
-allowed for each user.
-Each "watch" costs roughly 90 bytes on a 32bit kernel, and roughly 160 bytes
-on a 64bit one.
-The current default value for max_user_watches is the 1/32 of the available
-low memory, divided for the "watch" cost in bytes.
-
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/00-INDEX b/Documentation/sysctl/00-INDEX
index a20a906..1286f45 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/00-INDEX
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/00-INDEX
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
- documentation for /proc/sys/fs/*.
kernel.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/*.
+net.txt
+ - documentation for /proc/sys/net/*.
sunrpc.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/sunrpc/*.
vm.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
index f992543..1458448 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
Documentation for /proc/sys/fs/* kernel version 2.2.10
(c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel <riel@nl.linux.org>
+ (c) 2009, Shen Feng<shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
For general info and legal blurb, please look in README.
@@ -14,7 +15,12 @@
system, it is advisable to read both documentation and source
before actually making adjustments.
+1. /proc/sys/fs
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/fs:
+- aio-max-nr
+- aio-nr
- dentry-state
- dquot-max
- dquot-nr
@@ -30,8 +36,15 @@
- super-max
- super-nr
-Documentation for the files in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc is
-in Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt.
+==============================================================
+
+aio-nr & aio-max-nr:
+
+aio-nr is the running total of the number of events specified on the
+io_setup system call for all currently active aio contexts. If aio-nr
+reaches aio-max-nr then io_setup will fail with EAGAIN. Note that
+raising aio-max-nr does not result in the pre-allocation or re-sizing
+of any kernel data structures.
==============================================================
@@ -178,3 +191,60 @@
aio-nr can grow to.
==============================================================
+
+
+2. /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+Documentation for the files in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc is
+in Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt.
+
+
+3. /proc/sys/fs/mqueue - POSIX message queues filesystem
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+The "mqueue" filesystem provides the necessary kernel features to enable the
+creation of a user space library that implements the POSIX message queues
+API (as noted by the MSG tag in the POSIX 1003.1-2001 version of the System
+Interfaces specification.)
+
+The "mqueue" filesystem contains values for determining/setting the amount of
+resources used by the file system.
+
+/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/queues_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
+maximum number of message queues allowed on the system.
+
+/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
+maximum number of messages in a queue value. In fact it is the limiting value
+for another (user) limit which is set in mq_open invocation. This attribute of
+a queue must be less or equal then msg_max.
+
+/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max is a read/write file for setting/getting the
+maximum message size value (it is every message queue's attribute set during
+its creation).
+
+
+4. /proc/sys/fs/epoll - Configuration options for the epoll interface
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+This directory contains configuration options for the epoll(7) interface.
+
+max_user_instances
+------------------
+
+This is the maximum number of epoll file descriptors that a single user can
+have open at a given time. The default value is 128, and should be enough
+for normal users.
+
+max_user_watches
+----------------
+
+Every epoll file descriptor can store a number of files to be monitored
+for event readiness. Each one of these monitored files constitutes a "watch".
+This configuration option sets the maximum number of "watches" that are
+allowed for each user.
+Each "watch" costs roughly 90 bytes on a 32bit kernel, and roughly 160 bytes
+on a 64bit one.
+The current default value for max_user_watches is the 1/32 of the available
+low memory, divided for the "watch" cost in bytes.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
index a4ccdd1..f11ca79 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
Documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/* kernel version 2.2.10
(c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel <riel@nl.linux.org>
+ (c) 2009, Shen Feng<shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
For general info and legal blurb, please look in README.
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@
show up in /proc/sys/kernel:
- acpi_video_flags
- acct
+- auto_msgmni
- core_pattern
- core_uses_pid
- ctrl-alt-del
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@
- msgmax
- msgmnb
- msgmni
+- nmi_watchdog
- osrelease
- ostype
- overflowgid
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@
- panic
- pid_max
- powersave-nap [ PPC only ]
+- panic_on_unrecovered_nmi
- printk
- randomize_va_space
- real-root-dev ==> Documentation/initrd.txt
@@ -55,6 +59,7 @@
- sysrq ==> Documentation/sysrq.txt
- tainted
- threads-max
+- unknown_nmi_panic
- version
==============================================================
@@ -381,3 +386,51 @@
512 - A kernel warning has occurred.
1024 - A module from drivers/staging was loaded.
+==============================================================
+
+auto_msgmni:
+
+Enables/Disables automatic recomputing of msgmni upon memory add/remove or
+upon ipc namespace creation/removal (see the msgmni description above).
+Echoing "1" into this file enables msgmni automatic recomputing.
+Echoing "0" turns it off.
+auto_msgmni default value is 1.
+
+==============================================================
+
+nmi_watchdog:
+
+Enables/Disables the NMI watchdog on x86 systems. When the value is non-zero
+the NMI watchdog is enabled and will continuously test all online cpus to
+determine whether or not they are still functioning properly. Currently,
+passing "nmi_watchdog=" parameter at boot time is required for this function
+to work.
+
+If LAPIC NMI watchdog method is in use (nmi_watchdog=2 kernel parameter), the
+NMI watchdog shares registers with oprofile. By disabling the NMI watchdog,
+oprofile may have more registers to utilize.
+
+==============================================================
+
+unknown_nmi_panic:
+
+The value in this file affects behavior of handling NMI. When the value is
+non-zero, unknown NMI is trapped and then panic occurs. At that time, kernel
+debugging information is displayed on console.
+
+NMI switch that most IA32 servers have fires unknown NMI up, for example.
+If a system hangs up, try pressing the NMI switch.
+
+==============================================================
+
+panic_on_unrecovered_nmi:
+
+The default Linux behaviour on an NMI of either memory or unknown is to continue
+operation. For many environments such as scientific computing it is preferable
+that the box is taken out and the error dealt with than an uncorrected
+parity/ECC error get propogated.
+
+A small number of systems do generate NMI's for bizarre random reasons such as
+power management so the default is off. That sysctl works like the existing
+panic controls already in that directory.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995c225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+Documentation for /proc/sys/net/* kernel version 2.4.0-test11-pre4
+ (c) 1999 Terrehon Bowden <terrehon@pacbell.net>
+ Bodo Bauer <bb@ricochet.net>
+ (c) 2000 Jorge Nerin <comandante@zaralinux.com>
+ (c) 2009 Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+For general info and legal blurb, please look in README.
+
+==============================================================
+
+This file contains the documentation for the sysctl files in
+/proc/sys/net and is valid for Linux kernel version 2.4.0-test11-pre4.
+
+The interface to the networking parts of the kernel is located in
+/proc/sys/net. The following table shows all possible subdirectories.You may
+see only some of them, depending on your kernel's configuration.
+
+
+Table : Subdirectories in /proc/sys/net
+..............................................................................
+ Directory Content Directory Content
+ core General parameter appletalk Appletalk protocol
+ unix Unix domain sockets netrom NET/ROM
+ 802 E802 protocol ax25 AX25
+ ethernet Ethernet protocol rose X.25 PLP layer
+ ipv4 IP version 4 x25 X.25 protocol
+ ipx IPX token-ring IBM token ring
+ bridge Bridging decnet DEC net
+ ipv6 IP version 6
+..............................................................................
+
+1. /proc/sys/net/core - Network core options
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+rmem_default
+------------
+
+The default setting of the socket receive buffer in bytes.
+
+rmem_max
+--------
+
+The maximum receive socket buffer size in bytes.
+
+wmem_default
+------------
+
+The default setting (in bytes) of the socket send buffer.
+
+wmem_max
+--------
+
+The maximum send socket buffer size in bytes.
+
+message_burst and message_cost
+------------------------------
+
+These parameters are used to limit the warning messages written to the kernel
+log from the networking code. They enforce a rate limit to make a
+denial-of-service attack impossible. A higher message_cost factor, results in
+fewer messages that will be written. Message_burst controls when messages will
+be dropped. The default settings limit warning messages to one every five
+seconds.
+
+warnings
+--------
+
+This controls console messages from the networking stack that can occur because
+of problems on the network like duplicate address or bad checksums. Normally,
+this should be enabled, but if the problem persists the messages can be
+disabled.
+
+netdev_budget
+-------------
+
+Maximum number of packets taken from all interfaces in one polling cycle (NAPI
+poll). In one polling cycle interfaces which are registered to polling are
+probed in a round-robin manner. The limit of packets in one such probe can be
+set per-device via sysfs class/net/<device>/weight .
+
+netdev_max_backlog
+------------------
+
+Maximum number of packets, queued on the INPUT side, when the interface
+receives packets faster than kernel can process them.
+
+optmem_max
+----------
+
+Maximum ancillary buffer size allowed per socket. Ancillary data is a sequence
+of struct cmsghdr structures with appended data.
+
+2. /proc/sys/net/unix - Parameters for Unix domain sockets
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+There are only two files in this subdirectory. They control the delays for
+deleting and destroying socket descriptors.
+
+
+3. /proc/sys/net/ipv4 - IPV4 settings
+-------------------------------------------------------
+Please see: Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt and ipvs-sysctl.txt for
+descriptions of these entries.
+
+
+4. Appletalk
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+The /proc/sys/net/appletalk directory holds the Appletalk configuration data
+when Appletalk is loaded. The configurable parameters are:
+
+aarp-expiry-time
+----------------
+
+The amount of time we keep an ARP entry before expiring it. Used to age out
+old hosts.
+
+aarp-resolve-time
+-----------------
+
+The amount of time we will spend trying to resolve an Appletalk address.
+
+aarp-retransmit-limit
+---------------------
+
+The number of times we will retransmit a query before giving up.
+
+aarp-tick-time
+--------------
+
+Controls the rate at which expires are checked.
+
+The directory /proc/net/appletalk holds the list of active Appletalk sockets
+on a machine.
+
+The fields indicate the DDP type, the local address (in network:node format)
+the remote address, the size of the transmit pending queue, the size of the
+received queue (bytes waiting for applications to read) the state and the uid
+owning the socket.
+
+/proc/net/atalk_iface lists all the interfaces configured for appletalk.It
+shows the name of the interface, its Appletalk address, the network range on
+that address (or network number for phase 1 networks), and the status of the
+interface.
+
+/proc/net/atalk_route lists each known network route. It lists the target
+(network) that the route leads to, the router (may be directly connected), the
+route flags, and the device the route is using.
+
+
+5. IPX
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+The IPX protocol has no tunable values in proc/sys/net.
+
+The IPX protocol does, however, provide proc/net/ipx. This lists each IPX
+socket giving the local and remote addresses in Novell format (that is
+network:node:port). In accordance with the strange Novell tradition,
+everything but the port is in hex. Not_Connected is displayed for sockets that
+are not tied to a specific remote address. The Tx and Rx queue sizes indicate
+the number of bytes pending for transmission and reception. The state
+indicates the state the socket is in and the uid is the owning uid of the
+socket.
+
+The /proc/net/ipx_interface file lists all IPX interfaces. For each interface
+it gives the network number, the node number, and indicates if the network is
+the primary network. It also indicates which device it is bound to (or
+Internal for internal networks) and the Frame Type if appropriate. Linux
+supports 802.3, 802.2, 802.2 SNAP and DIX (Blue Book) ethernet framing for
+IPX.
+
+The /proc/net/ipx_route table holds a list of IPX routes. For each route it
+gives the destination network, the router node (or Directly) and the network
+address of the router (or Connected) for internal networks.