writeback: flush inode cgroup wb switches instead of pinning super_block

If cgroup writeback is in use, inodes can be scheduled for
asynchronous wb switching.  Before 5ff8eaac1636 ("writeback: keep
superblock pinned during cgroup writeback association switches"), this
could race with umount leading to super_block being destroyed while
inodes are pinned for wb switching.  5ff8eaac1636 fixed it by bumping
s_active while wb switches are in flight; however, this allowed
in-flight wb switches to make umounts asynchronous when the userland
expected synchronosity - e.g. fsck immediately following umount may
fail because the device is still busy.

This patch removes the problematic super_block pinning and instead
makes generic_shutdown_super() flush in-flight wb switches.  wb
switches are now executed on a dedicated isw_wq so that they can be
flushed and isw_nr_in_flight keeps track of the number of in-flight wb
switches so that flushing can be avoided in most cases.

v2: Move cgroup_writeback_umount() further below and add MS_ACTIVE
    check in inode_switch_wbs() as Jan an Al suggested.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/g/CAAeU0aNCq7LGODvVGRU-oU_o-6enii5ey0p1c26D1ZzYwkDc5A@mail.gmail.com
Fixes: 5ff8eaac1636 ("writeback: keep superblock pinned during cgroup writeback association switches")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org #v4.5
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
diff --git a/include/linux/writeback.h b/include/linux/writeback.h
index b333c94..d0b5ca5 100644
--- a/include/linux/writeback.h
+++ b/include/linux/writeback.h
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@
 void wbc_detach_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc);
 void wbc_account_io(struct writeback_control *wbc, struct page *page,
 		    size_t bytes);
+void cgroup_writeback_umount(void);
 
 /**
  * inode_attach_wb - associate an inode with its wb
@@ -301,6 +302,10 @@
 {
 }
 
+static inline void cgroup_writeback_umount(void)
+{
+}
+
 #endif	/* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
 
 /*