radix_tree: take radix_tree_path off stack
Down, down in the deepest depths of GFP_NOIO page reclaim, we have
shrink_page_list() calling __remove_mapping() calling __delete_from_
swap_cache() or __delete_from_page_cache().
You would not expect those to need much stack, but in fact they call
radix_tree_delete(): which declares a 192-byte radix_tree_path array on
its stack (to record the node,offsets it visits when descending, in case
it needs to ascend to update them). And if any tag is still set [1],
that calls radix_tree_tag_clear(), which declares a further such
192-byte radix_tree_path array on the stack. (At least we have
interrupts disabled here, so won't then be pushing registers too.)
That was probably a good choice when most users were 32-bit (array of
half the size), and adding fields to radix_tree_node would have bloated
it unnecessarily. But nowadays many are 64-bit, and each
radix_tree_node contains a struct rcu_head, which is only used when
freeing; whereas the radix_tree_path info is only used for updating the
tree (deleting, clearing tags or setting tags if tagged) when a lock
must be held, of no interest when accessing the tree locklessly.
So add a parent pointer to the radix_tree_node, in union with the
rcu_head, and remove all uses of the radix_tree_path. There would be
space in that union to save the offset when descending as before (we can
argue that a lock must already be held to exclude other users), but
recalculating it when ascending is both easy (a constant shift and a
constant mask) and uncommon, so it seems better just to do that.
Two little optimizations: no need to decrement height when descending,
adjusting shift is enough; and once radix_tree_tag_if_tagged() has set
tag on a node and its ancestors, it need not ascend from that node
again.
perf on the radix tree test harness reports radix_tree_insert() as 2%
slower (now having to set parent), but radix_tree_delete() 24% faster.
Surely that's an exaggeration from rtth's artificially low map shift 3,
but forcing it back to 6 still rates radix_tree_delete() 8% faster.
[1] Can a pagecache tag (dirty, writeback or towrite) actually still be
set at the time of radix_tree_delete()? Perhaps not if the filesystem is
well-behaved. But although I've not tracked any stack overflow down to
this cause, I have observed a curious case in which a dirty tag is set
and left set on tmpfs: page migration's migrate_page_copy() happens to
use __set_page_dirty_nobuffers() to set PageDirty on the newpage, and
that sets PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY as a side-effect - harmless to a
filesystem which doesn't use tags, except for this stack depth issue.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
index d9df745..dc63d08 100644
--- a/lib/radix-tree.c
+++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
@@ -48,16 +48,14 @@
struct radix_tree_node {
unsigned int height; /* Height from the bottom */
unsigned int count;
- struct rcu_head rcu_head;
+ union {
+ struct radix_tree_node *parent; /* Used when ascending tree */
+ struct rcu_head rcu_head; /* Used when freeing node */
+ };
void __rcu *slots[RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE];
unsigned long tags[RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS][RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS];
};
-struct radix_tree_path {
- struct radix_tree_node *node;
- int offset;
-};
-
#define RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(unsigned long))
#define RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH (DIV_ROUND_UP(RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS, \
RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
@@ -256,6 +254,7 @@
static int radix_tree_extend(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node;
+ struct radix_tree_node *slot;
unsigned int height;
int tag;
@@ -274,18 +273,23 @@
if (!(node = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
return -ENOMEM;
- /* Increase the height. */
- node->slots[0] = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
-
/* Propagate the aggregated tag info into the new root */
for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
tag_set(node, tag, 0);
}
+ /* Increase the height. */
newheight = root->height+1;
node->height = newheight;
node->count = 1;
+ node->parent = NULL;
+ slot = root->rnode;
+ if (newheight > 1) {
+ slot = indirect_to_ptr(slot);
+ slot->parent = node;
+ }
+ node->slots[0] = slot;
node = ptr_to_indirect(node);
rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, node);
root->height = newheight;
@@ -331,6 +335,7 @@
if (!(slot = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
return -ENOMEM;
slot->height = height;
+ slot->parent = node;
if (node) {
rcu_assign_pointer(node->slots[offset], slot);
node->count++;
@@ -504,47 +509,41 @@
void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
- /*
- * The radix tree path needs to be one longer than the maximum path
- * since the "list" is null terminated.
- */
- struct radix_tree_path path[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1], *pathp = path;
+ struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *slot = NULL;
unsigned int height, shift;
+ int uninitialized_var(offset);
height = root->height;
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
goto out;
- shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
- pathp->node = NULL;
+ shift = height * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
- while (height > 0) {
- int offset;
-
+ while (shift) {
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
- offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
- pathp[1].offset = offset;
- pathp[1].node = slot;
- slot = slot->slots[offset];
- pathp++;
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
- height--;
+ offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+ node = slot;
+ slot = slot->slots[offset];
}
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
- while (pathp->node) {
- if (!tag_get(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset))
+ while (node) {
+ if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
goto out;
- tag_clear(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset);
- if (any_tag_set(pathp->node, tag))
+ tag_clear(node, tag, offset);
+ if (any_tag_set(node, tag))
goto out;
- pathp--;
+
+ index >>= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+ offset = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+ node = node->parent;
}
/* clear the root's tag bit */
@@ -646,8 +645,7 @@
unsigned int iftag, unsigned int settag)
{
unsigned int height = root->height;
- struct radix_tree_path path[height];
- struct radix_tree_path *pathp = path;
+ struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *slot;
unsigned int shift;
unsigned long tagged = 0;
@@ -671,14 +669,8 @@
shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
- /*
- * we fill the path from (root->height - 2) to 0, leaving the index at
- * (root->height - 1) as a terminator. Zero the node in the terminator
- * so that we can use this to end walk loops back up the path.
- */
- path[height - 1].node = NULL;
-
for (;;) {
+ unsigned long upindex;
int offset;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
@@ -686,12 +678,10 @@
goto next;
if (!tag_get(slot, iftag, offset))
goto next;
- if (height > 1) {
+ if (shift) {
/* Go down one level */
- height--;
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
- path[height - 1].node = slot;
- path[height - 1].offset = offset;
+ node = slot;
slot = slot->slots[offset];
continue;
}
@@ -701,15 +691,27 @@
tag_set(slot, settag, offset);
/* walk back up the path tagging interior nodes */
- pathp = &path[0];
- while (pathp->node) {
+ upindex = index;
+ while (node) {
+ upindex >>= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+ offset = upindex & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+
/* stop if we find a node with the tag already set */
- if (tag_get(pathp->node, settag, pathp->offset))
+ if (tag_get(node, settag, offset))
break;
- tag_set(pathp->node, settag, pathp->offset);
- pathp++;
+ tag_set(node, settag, offset);
+ node = node->parent;
}
+ /*
+ * Small optimization: now clear that node pointer.
+ * Since all of this slot's ancestors now have the tag set
+ * from setting it above, we have no further need to walk
+ * back up the tree setting tags, until we update slot to
+ * point to another radix_tree_node.
+ */
+ node = NULL;
+
next:
/* Go to next item at level determined by 'shift' */
index = ((index >> shift) + 1) << shift;
@@ -724,8 +726,7 @@
* last_index is guaranteed to be in the tree, what
* we do below cannot wander astray.
*/
- slot = path[height - 1].node;
- height++;
+ slot = slot->parent;
shift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
}
}
@@ -1299,7 +1300,7 @@
/* try to shrink tree height */
while (root->height > 0) {
struct radix_tree_node *to_free = root->rnode;
- void *newptr;
+ struct radix_tree_node *slot;
BUG_ON(!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(to_free));
to_free = indirect_to_ptr(to_free);
@@ -1320,10 +1321,12 @@
* (to_free->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
* one (root->rnode) as far as dependent read barriers go.
*/
- newptr = to_free->slots[0];
- if (root->height > 1)
- newptr = ptr_to_indirect(newptr);
- root->rnode = newptr;
+ slot = to_free->slots[0];
+ if (root->height > 1) {
+ slot->parent = NULL;
+ slot = ptr_to_indirect(slot);
+ }
+ root->rnode = slot;
root->height--;
/*
@@ -1363,16 +1366,12 @@
*/
void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
- /*
- * The radix tree path needs to be one longer than the maximum path
- * since the "list" is null terminated.
- */
- struct radix_tree_path path[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1], *pathp = path;
+ struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *slot = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *to_free;
unsigned int height, shift;
int tag;
- int offset;
+ int uninitialized_var(offset);
height = root->height;
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
@@ -1385,39 +1384,35 @@
goto out;
}
slot = indirect_to_ptr(slot);
-
- shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
- pathp->node = NULL;
+ shift = height * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
do {
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
- pathp++;
- offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
- pathp->offset = offset;
- pathp->node = slot;
- slot = slot->slots[offset];
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
- height--;
- } while (height > 0);
+ offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+ node = slot;
+ slot = slot->slots[offset];
+ } while (shift);
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
/*
- * Clear all tags associated with the just-deleted item
+ * Clear all tags associated with the item to be deleted.
+ * This way of doing it would be inefficient, but seldom is any set.
*/
for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
- if (tag_get(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset))
+ if (tag_get(node, tag, offset))
radix_tree_tag_clear(root, index, tag);
}
to_free = NULL;
/* Now free the nodes we do not need anymore */
- while (pathp->node) {
- pathp->node->slots[pathp->offset] = NULL;
- pathp->node->count--;
+ while (node) {
+ node->slots[offset] = NULL;
+ node->count--;
/*
* Queue the node for deferred freeing after the
* last reference to it disappears (set NULL, above).
@@ -1425,17 +1420,20 @@
if (to_free)
radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
- if (pathp->node->count) {
- if (pathp->node == indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode))
+ if (node->count) {
+ if (node == indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode))
radix_tree_shrink(root);
goto out;
}
/* Node with zero slots in use so free it */
- to_free = pathp->node;
- pathp--;
+ to_free = node;
+ index >>= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+ offset = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+ node = node->parent;
}
+
root_tag_clear_all(root);
root->height = 0;
root->rnode = NULL;