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Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Intel Corporation
3 * Authors: Andi Kleen, Fengguang Wu
4 *
5 * This software may be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of
6 * the GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 only as published by the
7 * Free Software Foundation.
8 *
9 * High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
Andi Kleen1c80b992010-09-27 23:09:51 +020010 * hardware as being corrupted usually due to a multi-bit ECC memory or cache
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020011 * failure.
Andi Kleen1c80b992010-09-27 23:09:51 +020012 *
13 * In addition there is a "soft offline" entry point that allows stop using
14 * not-yet-corrupted-by-suspicious pages without killing anything.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020015 *
16 * Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part
Andi Kleen1c80b992010-09-27 23:09:51 +020017 * here is that we can access any page asynchronously in respect to
18 * other VM users, because memory failures could happen anytime and
19 * anywhere. This could violate some of their assumptions. This is why
20 * this code has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use
21 * normal locking rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means
22 * the error handling takes potentially a long time.
23 *
24 * There are several operations here with exponential complexity because
25 * of unsuitable VM data structures. For example the operation to map back
26 * from RMAP chains to processes has to walk the complete process list and
27 * has non linear complexity with the number. But since memory corruptions
28 * are rare we hope to get away with this. This avoids impacting the core
29 * VM.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020030 */
31
32/*
33 * Notebook:
34 * - hugetlb needs more code
35 * - kcore/oldmem/vmcore/mem/kmem check for hwpoison pages
36 * - pass bad pages to kdump next kernel
37 */
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020038#include <linux/kernel.h>
39#include <linux/mm.h>
40#include <linux/page-flags.h>
Wu Fengguang478c5ff2009-12-16 12:19:59 +010041#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020042#include <linux/sched.h>
Hugh Dickins01e00f82009-10-13 15:02:11 +010043#include <linux/ksm.h>
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020044#include <linux/rmap.h>
45#include <linux/pagemap.h>
46#include <linux/swap.h>
47#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +010048#include <linux/migrate.h>
49#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
50#include <linux/suspend.h>
Tejun Heo5a0e3ad2010-03-24 17:04:11 +090051#include <linux/slab.h>
Huang Yingbf998152010-05-31 14:28:19 +080052#include <linux/swapops.h>
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +090053#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
KOSAKI Motohiro20d6c962010-12-02 14:31:19 -080054#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +020055#include "internal.h"
56
57int sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill __read_mostly = 0;
58
59int sysctl_memory_failure_recovery __read_mostly = 1;
60
61atomic_long_t mce_bad_pages __read_mostly = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0);
62
Andi Kleen27df5062009-12-21 19:56:42 +010063#if defined(CONFIG_HWPOISON_INJECT) || defined(CONFIG_HWPOISON_INJECT_MODULE)
64
Haicheng Li1bfe5fe2009-12-16 12:19:59 +010065u32 hwpoison_filter_enable = 0;
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +010066u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_major = ~0U;
67u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_minor = ~0U;
Wu Fengguang478c5ff2009-12-16 12:19:59 +010068u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_mask;
69u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_value;
Haicheng Li1bfe5fe2009-12-16 12:19:59 +010070EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_enable);
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +010071EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_dev_major);
72EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_dev_minor);
Wu Fengguang478c5ff2009-12-16 12:19:59 +010073EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_flags_mask);
74EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_flags_value);
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +010075
76static int hwpoison_filter_dev(struct page *p)
77{
78 struct address_space *mapping;
79 dev_t dev;
80
81 if (hwpoison_filter_dev_major == ~0U &&
82 hwpoison_filter_dev_minor == ~0U)
83 return 0;
84
85 /*
Andi Kleen1c80b992010-09-27 23:09:51 +020086 * page_mapping() does not accept slab pages.
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +010087 */
88 if (PageSlab(p))
89 return -EINVAL;
90
91 mapping = page_mapping(p);
92 if (mapping == NULL || mapping->host == NULL)
93 return -EINVAL;
94
95 dev = mapping->host->i_sb->s_dev;
96 if (hwpoison_filter_dev_major != ~0U &&
97 hwpoison_filter_dev_major != MAJOR(dev))
98 return -EINVAL;
99 if (hwpoison_filter_dev_minor != ~0U &&
100 hwpoison_filter_dev_minor != MINOR(dev))
101 return -EINVAL;
102
103 return 0;
104}
105
Wu Fengguang478c5ff2009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100106static int hwpoison_filter_flags(struct page *p)
107{
108 if (!hwpoison_filter_flags_mask)
109 return 0;
110
111 if ((stable_page_flags(p) & hwpoison_filter_flags_mask) ==
112 hwpoison_filter_flags_value)
113 return 0;
114 else
115 return -EINVAL;
116}
117
Andi Kleen4fd466e2009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100118/*
119 * This allows stress tests to limit test scope to a collection of tasks
120 * by putting them under some memcg. This prevents killing unrelated/important
121 * processes such as /sbin/init. Note that the target task may share clean
122 * pages with init (eg. libc text), which is harmless. If the target task
123 * share _dirty_ pages with another task B, the test scheme must make sure B
124 * is also included in the memcg. At last, due to race conditions this filter
125 * can only guarantee that the page either belongs to the memcg tasks, or is
126 * a freed page.
127 */
128#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
129u64 hwpoison_filter_memcg;
130EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_memcg);
131static int hwpoison_filter_task(struct page *p)
132{
133 struct mem_cgroup *mem;
134 struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
135 unsigned long ino;
136
137 if (!hwpoison_filter_memcg)
138 return 0;
139
140 mem = try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(p);
141 if (!mem)
142 return -EINVAL;
143
144 css = mem_cgroup_css(mem);
145 /* root_mem_cgroup has NULL dentries */
146 if (!css->cgroup->dentry)
147 return -EINVAL;
148
149 ino = css->cgroup->dentry->d_inode->i_ino;
150 css_put(css);
151
152 if (ino != hwpoison_filter_memcg)
153 return -EINVAL;
154
155 return 0;
156}
157#else
158static int hwpoison_filter_task(struct page *p) { return 0; }
159#endif
160
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100161int hwpoison_filter(struct page *p)
162{
Haicheng Li1bfe5fe2009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100163 if (!hwpoison_filter_enable)
164 return 0;
165
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100166 if (hwpoison_filter_dev(p))
167 return -EINVAL;
168
Wu Fengguang478c5ff2009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100169 if (hwpoison_filter_flags(p))
170 return -EINVAL;
171
Andi Kleen4fd466e2009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100172 if (hwpoison_filter_task(p))
173 return -EINVAL;
174
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100175 return 0;
176}
Andi Kleen27df5062009-12-21 19:56:42 +0100177#else
178int hwpoison_filter(struct page *p)
179{
180 return 0;
181}
182#endif
183
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +0100184EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter);
185
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200186/*
187 * Send all the processes who have the page mapped an ``action optional''
188 * signal.
189 */
190static int kill_proc_ao(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long addr, int trapno,
Andi Kleen0d9ee6a2010-09-27 22:03:33 +0200191 unsigned long pfn, struct page *page)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200192{
193 struct siginfo si;
194 int ret;
195
196 printk(KERN_ERR
197 "MCE %#lx: Killing %s:%d early due to hardware memory corruption\n",
198 pfn, t->comm, t->pid);
199 si.si_signo = SIGBUS;
200 si.si_errno = 0;
201 si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AO;
202 si.si_addr = (void *)addr;
203#ifdef __ARCH_SI_TRAPNO
204 si.si_trapno = trapno;
205#endif
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -0800206 si.si_addr_lsb = compound_trans_order(compound_head(page)) + PAGE_SHIFT;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200207 /*
208 * Don't use force here, it's convenient if the signal
209 * can be temporarily blocked.
210 * This could cause a loop when the user sets SIGBUS
211 * to SIG_IGN, but hopefully noone will do that?
212 */
213 ret = send_sig_info(SIGBUS, &si, t); /* synchronous? */
214 if (ret < 0)
215 printk(KERN_INFO "MCE: Error sending signal to %s:%d: %d\n",
216 t->comm, t->pid, ret);
217 return ret;
218}
219
220/*
Andi Kleen588f9ce2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100221 * When a unknown page type is encountered drain as many buffers as possible
222 * in the hope to turn the page into a LRU or free page, which we can handle.
223 */
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +0100224void shake_page(struct page *p, int access)
Andi Kleen588f9ce2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100225{
226 if (!PageSlab(p)) {
227 lru_add_drain_all();
228 if (PageLRU(p))
229 return;
230 drain_all_pages();
231 if (PageLRU(p) || is_free_buddy_page(p))
232 return;
233 }
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +0100234
Andi Kleen588f9ce2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100235 /*
Jin Dongmingaf241a02011-02-01 15:52:41 -0800236 * Only call shrink_slab here (which would also shrink other caches) if
237 * access is not potentially fatal.
Andi Kleen588f9ce2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100238 */
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +0100239 if (access) {
240 int nr;
241 do {
242 nr = shrink_slab(1000, GFP_KERNEL, 1000);
Andi Kleen47f43e72010-09-28 07:37:55 +0200243 if (page_count(p) == 1)
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +0100244 break;
245 } while (nr > 10);
246 }
Andi Kleen588f9ce2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100247}
248EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shake_page);
249
250/*
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200251 * Kill all processes that have a poisoned page mapped and then isolate
252 * the page.
253 *
254 * General strategy:
255 * Find all processes having the page mapped and kill them.
256 * But we keep a page reference around so that the page is not
257 * actually freed yet.
258 * Then stash the page away
259 *
260 * There's no convenient way to get back to mapped processes
261 * from the VMAs. So do a brute-force search over all
262 * running processes.
263 *
264 * Remember that machine checks are not common (or rather
265 * if they are common you have other problems), so this shouldn't
266 * be a performance issue.
267 *
268 * Also there are some races possible while we get from the
269 * error detection to actually handle it.
270 */
271
272struct to_kill {
273 struct list_head nd;
274 struct task_struct *tsk;
275 unsigned long addr;
Andi Kleen9033ae12010-09-27 23:36:05 +0200276 char addr_valid;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200277};
278
279/*
280 * Failure handling: if we can't find or can't kill a process there's
281 * not much we can do. We just print a message and ignore otherwise.
282 */
283
284/*
285 * Schedule a process for later kill.
286 * Uses GFP_ATOMIC allocations to avoid potential recursions in the VM.
287 * TBD would GFP_NOIO be enough?
288 */
289static void add_to_kill(struct task_struct *tsk, struct page *p,
290 struct vm_area_struct *vma,
291 struct list_head *to_kill,
292 struct to_kill **tkc)
293{
294 struct to_kill *tk;
295
296 if (*tkc) {
297 tk = *tkc;
298 *tkc = NULL;
299 } else {
300 tk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct to_kill), GFP_ATOMIC);
301 if (!tk) {
302 printk(KERN_ERR
303 "MCE: Out of memory while machine check handling\n");
304 return;
305 }
306 }
307 tk->addr = page_address_in_vma(p, vma);
308 tk->addr_valid = 1;
309
310 /*
311 * In theory we don't have to kill when the page was
312 * munmaped. But it could be also a mremap. Since that's
313 * likely very rare kill anyways just out of paranoia, but use
314 * a SIGKILL because the error is not contained anymore.
315 */
316 if (tk->addr == -EFAULT) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +0200317 pr_info("MCE: Unable to find user space address %lx in %s\n",
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200318 page_to_pfn(p), tsk->comm);
319 tk->addr_valid = 0;
320 }
321 get_task_struct(tsk);
322 tk->tsk = tsk;
323 list_add_tail(&tk->nd, to_kill);
324}
325
326/*
327 * Kill the processes that have been collected earlier.
328 *
329 * Only do anything when DOIT is set, otherwise just free the list
330 * (this is used for clean pages which do not need killing)
331 * Also when FAIL is set do a force kill because something went
332 * wrong earlier.
333 */
334static void kill_procs_ao(struct list_head *to_kill, int doit, int trapno,
Andi Kleen0d9ee6a2010-09-27 22:03:33 +0200335 int fail, struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200336{
337 struct to_kill *tk, *next;
338
339 list_for_each_entry_safe (tk, next, to_kill, nd) {
340 if (doit) {
341 /*
André Goddard Rosaaf901ca2009-11-14 13:09:05 -0200342 * In case something went wrong with munmapping
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200343 * make sure the process doesn't catch the
344 * signal and then access the memory. Just kill it.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200345 */
346 if (fail || tk->addr_valid == 0) {
347 printk(KERN_ERR
348 "MCE %#lx: forcibly killing %s:%d because of failure to unmap corrupted page\n",
349 pfn, tk->tsk->comm, tk->tsk->pid);
350 force_sig(SIGKILL, tk->tsk);
351 }
352
353 /*
354 * In theory the process could have mapped
355 * something else on the address in-between. We could
356 * check for that, but we need to tell the
357 * process anyways.
358 */
359 else if (kill_proc_ao(tk->tsk, tk->addr, trapno,
Andi Kleen0d9ee6a2010-09-27 22:03:33 +0200360 pfn, page) < 0)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200361 printk(KERN_ERR
362 "MCE %#lx: Cannot send advisory machine check signal to %s:%d\n",
363 pfn, tk->tsk->comm, tk->tsk->pid);
364 }
365 put_task_struct(tk->tsk);
366 kfree(tk);
367 }
368}
369
370static int task_early_kill(struct task_struct *tsk)
371{
372 if (!tsk->mm)
373 return 0;
374 if (tsk->flags & PF_MCE_PROCESS)
375 return !!(tsk->flags & PF_MCE_EARLY);
376 return sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill;
377}
378
379/*
380 * Collect processes when the error hit an anonymous page.
381 */
382static void collect_procs_anon(struct page *page, struct list_head *to_kill,
383 struct to_kill **tkc)
384{
385 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
386 struct task_struct *tsk;
387 struct anon_vma *av;
388
389 read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
390 av = page_lock_anon_vma(page);
391 if (av == NULL) /* Not actually mapped anymore */
392 goto out;
393 for_each_process (tsk) {
Rik van Riel5beb4932010-03-05 13:42:07 -0800394 struct anon_vma_chain *vmac;
395
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200396 if (!task_early_kill(tsk))
397 continue;
Rik van Riel5beb4932010-03-05 13:42:07 -0800398 list_for_each_entry(vmac, &av->head, same_anon_vma) {
399 vma = vmac->vma;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200400 if (!page_mapped_in_vma(page, vma))
401 continue;
402 if (vma->vm_mm == tsk->mm)
403 add_to_kill(tsk, page, vma, to_kill, tkc);
404 }
405 }
406 page_unlock_anon_vma(av);
407out:
408 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
409}
410
411/*
412 * Collect processes when the error hit a file mapped page.
413 */
414static void collect_procs_file(struct page *page, struct list_head *to_kill,
415 struct to_kill **tkc)
416{
417 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
418 struct task_struct *tsk;
419 struct prio_tree_iter iter;
420 struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
421
422 /*
423 * A note on the locking order between the two locks.
424 * We don't rely on this particular order.
425 * If you have some other code that needs a different order
426 * feel free to switch them around. Or add a reverse link
427 * from mm_struct to task_struct, then this could be all
428 * done without taking tasklist_lock and looping over all tasks.
429 */
430
431 read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
432 spin_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
433 for_each_process(tsk) {
434 pgoff_t pgoff = page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
435
436 if (!task_early_kill(tsk))
437 continue;
438
439 vma_prio_tree_foreach(vma, &iter, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff,
440 pgoff) {
441 /*
442 * Send early kill signal to tasks where a vma covers
443 * the page but the corrupted page is not necessarily
444 * mapped it in its pte.
445 * Assume applications who requested early kill want
446 * to be informed of all such data corruptions.
447 */
448 if (vma->vm_mm == tsk->mm)
449 add_to_kill(tsk, page, vma, to_kill, tkc);
450 }
451 }
452 spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
453 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
454}
455
456/*
457 * Collect the processes who have the corrupted page mapped to kill.
458 * This is done in two steps for locking reasons.
459 * First preallocate one tokill structure outside the spin locks,
460 * so that we can kill at least one process reasonably reliable.
461 */
462static void collect_procs(struct page *page, struct list_head *tokill)
463{
464 struct to_kill *tk;
465
466 if (!page->mapping)
467 return;
468
469 tk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct to_kill), GFP_NOIO);
470 if (!tk)
471 return;
472 if (PageAnon(page))
473 collect_procs_anon(page, tokill, &tk);
474 else
475 collect_procs_file(page, tokill, &tk);
476 kfree(tk);
477}
478
479/*
480 * Error handlers for various types of pages.
481 */
482
483enum outcome {
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100484 IGNORED, /* Error: cannot be handled */
485 FAILED, /* Error: handling failed */
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200486 DELAYED, /* Will be handled later */
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200487 RECOVERED, /* Successfully recovered */
488};
489
490static const char *action_name[] = {
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100491 [IGNORED] = "Ignored",
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200492 [FAILED] = "Failed",
493 [DELAYED] = "Delayed",
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200494 [RECOVERED] = "Recovered",
495};
496
497/*
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100498 * XXX: It is possible that a page is isolated from LRU cache,
499 * and then kept in swap cache or failed to remove from page cache.
500 * The page count will stop it from being freed by unpoison.
501 * Stress tests should be aware of this memory leak problem.
502 */
503static int delete_from_lru_cache(struct page *p)
504{
505 if (!isolate_lru_page(p)) {
506 /*
507 * Clear sensible page flags, so that the buddy system won't
508 * complain when the page is unpoison-and-freed.
509 */
510 ClearPageActive(p);
511 ClearPageUnevictable(p);
512 /*
513 * drop the page count elevated by isolate_lru_page()
514 */
515 page_cache_release(p);
516 return 0;
517 }
518 return -EIO;
519}
520
521/*
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200522 * Error hit kernel page.
523 * Do nothing, try to be lucky and not touch this instead. For a few cases we
524 * could be more sophisticated.
525 */
526static int me_kernel(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
527{
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200528 return IGNORED;
529}
530
531/*
532 * Page in unknown state. Do nothing.
533 */
534static int me_unknown(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
535{
536 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: Unknown page state\n", pfn);
537 return FAILED;
538}
539
540/*
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200541 * Clean (or cleaned) page cache page.
542 */
543static int me_pagecache_clean(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
544{
545 int err;
546 int ret = FAILED;
547 struct address_space *mapping;
548
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100549 delete_from_lru_cache(p);
550
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200551 /*
552 * For anonymous pages we're done the only reference left
553 * should be the one m_f() holds.
554 */
555 if (PageAnon(p))
556 return RECOVERED;
557
558 /*
559 * Now truncate the page in the page cache. This is really
560 * more like a "temporary hole punch"
561 * Don't do this for block devices when someone else
562 * has a reference, because it could be file system metadata
563 * and that's not safe to truncate.
564 */
565 mapping = page_mapping(p);
566 if (!mapping) {
567 /*
568 * Page has been teared down in the meanwhile
569 */
570 return FAILED;
571 }
572
573 /*
574 * Truncation is a bit tricky. Enable it per file system for now.
575 *
576 * Open: to take i_mutex or not for this? Right now we don't.
577 */
578 if (mapping->a_ops->error_remove_page) {
579 err = mapping->a_ops->error_remove_page(mapping, p);
580 if (err != 0) {
581 printk(KERN_INFO "MCE %#lx: Failed to punch page: %d\n",
582 pfn, err);
583 } else if (page_has_private(p) &&
584 !try_to_release_page(p, GFP_NOIO)) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +0200585 pr_info("MCE %#lx: failed to release buffers\n", pfn);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200586 } else {
587 ret = RECOVERED;
588 }
589 } else {
590 /*
591 * If the file system doesn't support it just invalidate
592 * This fails on dirty or anything with private pages
593 */
594 if (invalidate_inode_page(p))
595 ret = RECOVERED;
596 else
597 printk(KERN_INFO "MCE %#lx: Failed to invalidate\n",
598 pfn);
599 }
600 return ret;
601}
602
603/*
604 * Dirty cache page page
605 * Issues: when the error hit a hole page the error is not properly
606 * propagated.
607 */
608static int me_pagecache_dirty(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
609{
610 struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(p);
611
612 SetPageError(p);
613 /* TBD: print more information about the file. */
614 if (mapping) {
615 /*
616 * IO error will be reported by write(), fsync(), etc.
617 * who check the mapping.
618 * This way the application knows that something went
619 * wrong with its dirty file data.
620 *
621 * There's one open issue:
622 *
623 * The EIO will be only reported on the next IO
624 * operation and then cleared through the IO map.
625 * Normally Linux has two mechanisms to pass IO error
626 * first through the AS_EIO flag in the address space
627 * and then through the PageError flag in the page.
628 * Since we drop pages on memory failure handling the
629 * only mechanism open to use is through AS_AIO.
630 *
631 * This has the disadvantage that it gets cleared on
632 * the first operation that returns an error, while
633 * the PageError bit is more sticky and only cleared
634 * when the page is reread or dropped. If an
635 * application assumes it will always get error on
636 * fsync, but does other operations on the fd before
637 * and the page is dropped inbetween then the error
638 * will not be properly reported.
639 *
640 * This can already happen even without hwpoisoned
641 * pages: first on metadata IO errors (which only
642 * report through AS_EIO) or when the page is dropped
643 * at the wrong time.
644 *
645 * So right now we assume that the application DTRT on
646 * the first EIO, but we're not worse than other parts
647 * of the kernel.
648 */
649 mapping_set_error(mapping, EIO);
650 }
651
652 return me_pagecache_clean(p, pfn);
653}
654
655/*
656 * Clean and dirty swap cache.
657 *
658 * Dirty swap cache page is tricky to handle. The page could live both in page
659 * cache and swap cache(ie. page is freshly swapped in). So it could be
660 * referenced concurrently by 2 types of PTEs:
661 * normal PTEs and swap PTEs. We try to handle them consistently by calling
662 * try_to_unmap(TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON) to convert the normal PTEs to swap PTEs,
663 * and then
664 * - clear dirty bit to prevent IO
665 * - remove from LRU
666 * - but keep in the swap cache, so that when we return to it on
667 * a later page fault, we know the application is accessing
668 * corrupted data and shall be killed (we installed simple
669 * interception code in do_swap_page to catch it).
670 *
671 * Clean swap cache pages can be directly isolated. A later page fault will
672 * bring in the known good data from disk.
673 */
674static int me_swapcache_dirty(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
675{
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200676 ClearPageDirty(p);
677 /* Trigger EIO in shmem: */
678 ClearPageUptodate(p);
679
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100680 if (!delete_from_lru_cache(p))
681 return DELAYED;
682 else
683 return FAILED;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200684}
685
686static int me_swapcache_clean(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
687{
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200688 delete_from_swap_cache(p);
Wu Fengguange43c3af2009-09-29 13:16:20 +0800689
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100690 if (!delete_from_lru_cache(p))
691 return RECOVERED;
692 else
693 return FAILED;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200694}
695
696/*
697 * Huge pages. Needs work.
698 * Issues:
Naoya Horiguchi93f70f92010-05-28 09:29:20 +0900699 * - Error on hugepage is contained in hugepage unit (not in raw page unit.)
700 * To narrow down kill region to one page, we need to break up pmd.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200701 */
702static int me_huge_page(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
703{
Naoya Horiguchi6de2b1a2010-09-08 10:19:36 +0900704 int res = 0;
Naoya Horiguchi93f70f92010-05-28 09:29:20 +0900705 struct page *hpage = compound_head(p);
706 /*
707 * We can safely recover from error on free or reserved (i.e.
708 * not in-use) hugepage by dequeuing it from freelist.
709 * To check whether a hugepage is in-use or not, we can't use
710 * page->lru because it can be used in other hugepage operations,
711 * such as __unmap_hugepage_range() and gather_surplus_pages().
712 * So instead we use page_mapping() and PageAnon().
713 * We assume that this function is called with page lock held,
714 * so there is no race between isolation and mapping/unmapping.
715 */
716 if (!(page_mapping(hpage) || PageAnon(hpage))) {
Naoya Horiguchi6de2b1a2010-09-08 10:19:36 +0900717 res = dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page(hpage);
718 if (!res)
719 return RECOVERED;
Naoya Horiguchi93f70f92010-05-28 09:29:20 +0900720 }
721 return DELAYED;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200722}
723
724/*
725 * Various page states we can handle.
726 *
727 * A page state is defined by its current page->flags bits.
728 * The table matches them in order and calls the right handler.
729 *
730 * This is quite tricky because we can access page at any time
731 * in its live cycle, so all accesses have to be extremly careful.
732 *
733 * This is not complete. More states could be added.
734 * For any missing state don't attempt recovery.
735 */
736
737#define dirty (1UL << PG_dirty)
738#define sc (1UL << PG_swapcache)
739#define unevict (1UL << PG_unevictable)
740#define mlock (1UL << PG_mlocked)
741#define writeback (1UL << PG_writeback)
742#define lru (1UL << PG_lru)
743#define swapbacked (1UL << PG_swapbacked)
744#define head (1UL << PG_head)
745#define tail (1UL << PG_tail)
746#define compound (1UL << PG_compound)
747#define slab (1UL << PG_slab)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200748#define reserved (1UL << PG_reserved)
749
750static struct page_state {
751 unsigned long mask;
752 unsigned long res;
753 char *msg;
754 int (*action)(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn);
755} error_states[] = {
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100756 { reserved, reserved, "reserved kernel", me_kernel },
Wu Fengguang95d01fc2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100757 /*
758 * free pages are specially detected outside this table:
759 * PG_buddy pages only make a small fraction of all free pages.
760 */
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200761
762 /*
763 * Could in theory check if slab page is free or if we can drop
764 * currently unused objects without touching them. But just
765 * treat it as standard kernel for now.
766 */
767 { slab, slab, "kernel slab", me_kernel },
768
769#ifdef CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
770 { head, head, "huge", me_huge_page },
771 { tail, tail, "huge", me_huge_page },
772#else
773 { compound, compound, "huge", me_huge_page },
774#endif
775
776 { sc|dirty, sc|dirty, "swapcache", me_swapcache_dirty },
777 { sc|dirty, sc, "swapcache", me_swapcache_clean },
778
779 { unevict|dirty, unevict|dirty, "unevictable LRU", me_pagecache_dirty},
780 { unevict, unevict, "unevictable LRU", me_pagecache_clean},
781
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200782 { mlock|dirty, mlock|dirty, "mlocked LRU", me_pagecache_dirty },
783 { mlock, mlock, "mlocked LRU", me_pagecache_clean },
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200784
785 { lru|dirty, lru|dirty, "LRU", me_pagecache_dirty },
786 { lru|dirty, lru, "clean LRU", me_pagecache_clean },
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200787
788 /*
789 * Catchall entry: must be at end.
790 */
791 { 0, 0, "unknown page state", me_unknown },
792};
793
Andi Kleen2326c462009-12-16 12:20:00 +0100794#undef dirty
795#undef sc
796#undef unevict
797#undef mlock
798#undef writeback
799#undef lru
800#undef swapbacked
801#undef head
802#undef tail
803#undef compound
804#undef slab
805#undef reserved
806
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200807static void action_result(unsigned long pfn, char *msg, int result)
808{
Wu Fengguanga7560fc2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100809 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200810
811 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: %s%s page recovery: %s\n",
812 pfn,
Wu Fengguanga7560fc2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100813 PageDirty(page) ? "dirty " : "",
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200814 msg, action_name[result]);
815}
816
817static int page_action(struct page_state *ps, struct page *p,
Wu Fengguangbd1ce5f2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100818 unsigned long pfn)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200819{
820 int result;
Wu Fengguang7456b042009-10-19 08:15:01 +0200821 int count;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200822
823 result = ps->action(p, pfn);
824 action_result(pfn, ps->msg, result);
Wu Fengguang7456b042009-10-19 08:15:01 +0200825
Wu Fengguangbd1ce5f2009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100826 count = page_count(p) - 1;
Wu Fengguang138ce282009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100827 if (ps->action == me_swapcache_dirty && result == DELAYED)
828 count--;
829 if (count != 0) {
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200830 printk(KERN_ERR
831 "MCE %#lx: %s page still referenced by %d users\n",
Wu Fengguang7456b042009-10-19 08:15:01 +0200832 pfn, ps->msg, count);
Wu Fengguang138ce282009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100833 result = FAILED;
834 }
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200835
836 /* Could do more checks here if page looks ok */
837 /*
838 * Could adjust zone counters here to correct for the missing page.
839 */
840
Wu Fengguang138ce282009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100841 return (result == RECOVERED || result == DELAYED) ? 0 : -EBUSY;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200842}
843
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200844/*
845 * Do all that is necessary to remove user space mappings. Unmap
846 * the pages and send SIGBUS to the processes if the data was dirty.
847 */
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100848static int hwpoison_user_mappings(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn,
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200849 int trapno)
850{
851 enum ttu_flags ttu = TTU_UNMAP | TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS;
852 struct address_space *mapping;
853 LIST_HEAD(tokill);
854 int ret;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200855 int kill = 1;
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +0900856 struct page *hpage = compound_head(p);
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800857 struct page *ppage;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200858
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100859 if (PageReserved(p) || PageSlab(p))
860 return SWAP_SUCCESS;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200861
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200862 /*
863 * This check implies we don't kill processes if their pages
864 * are in the swap cache early. Those are always late kills.
865 */
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +0900866 if (!page_mapped(hpage))
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100867 return SWAP_SUCCESS;
868
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +0900869 if (PageKsm(p))
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100870 return SWAP_FAIL;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200871
872 if (PageSwapCache(p)) {
873 printk(KERN_ERR
874 "MCE %#lx: keeping poisoned page in swap cache\n", pfn);
875 ttu |= TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON;
876 }
877
878 /*
879 * Propagate the dirty bit from PTEs to struct page first, because we
880 * need this to decide if we should kill or just drop the page.
Wu Fengguangdb0480b2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100881 * XXX: the dirty test could be racy: set_page_dirty() may not always
882 * be called inside page lock (it's recommended but not enforced).
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200883 */
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +0900884 mapping = page_mapping(hpage);
885 if (!PageDirty(hpage) && mapping &&
886 mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(mapping)) {
887 if (page_mkclean(hpage)) {
888 SetPageDirty(hpage);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200889 } else {
890 kill = 0;
891 ttu |= TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON;
892 printk(KERN_INFO
893 "MCE %#lx: corrupted page was clean: dropped without side effects\n",
894 pfn);
895 }
896 }
897
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800898 /*
899 * ppage: poisoned page
900 * if p is regular page(4k page)
901 * ppage == real poisoned page;
902 * else p is hugetlb or THP, ppage == head page.
903 */
904 ppage = hpage;
905
Jin Dongmingefeda7a2011-02-01 15:52:39 -0800906 if (PageTransHuge(hpage)) {
907 /*
908 * Verify that this isn't a hugetlbfs head page, the check for
909 * PageAnon is just for avoid tripping a split_huge_page
910 * internal debug check, as split_huge_page refuses to deal with
911 * anything that isn't an anon page. PageAnon can't go away fro
912 * under us because we hold a refcount on the hpage, without a
913 * refcount on the hpage. split_huge_page can't be safely called
914 * in the first place, having a refcount on the tail isn't
915 * enough * to be safe.
916 */
917 if (!PageHuge(hpage) && PageAnon(hpage)) {
918 if (unlikely(split_huge_page(hpage))) {
919 /*
920 * FIXME: if splitting THP is failed, it is
921 * better to stop the following operation rather
922 * than causing panic by unmapping. System might
923 * survive if the page is freed later.
924 */
925 printk(KERN_INFO
926 "MCE %#lx: failed to split THP\n", pfn);
927
928 BUG_ON(!PageHWPoison(p));
929 return SWAP_FAIL;
930 }
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800931 /* THP is split, so ppage should be the real poisoned page. */
932 ppage = p;
Jin Dongmingefeda7a2011-02-01 15:52:39 -0800933 }
934 }
935
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200936 /*
937 * First collect all the processes that have the page
938 * mapped in dirty form. This has to be done before try_to_unmap,
939 * because ttu takes the rmap data structures down.
940 *
941 * Error handling: We ignore errors here because
942 * there's nothing that can be done.
943 */
944 if (kill)
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800945 collect_procs(ppage, &tokill);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200946
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800947 if (hpage != ppage)
948 lock_page_nosync(ppage);
949
950 ret = try_to_unmap(ppage, ttu);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200951 if (ret != SWAP_SUCCESS)
952 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: failed to unmap page (mapcount=%d)\n",
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800953 pfn, page_mapcount(ppage));
954
955 if (hpage != ppage)
956 unlock_page(ppage);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200957
958 /*
959 * Now that the dirty bit has been propagated to the
960 * struct page and all unmaps done we can decide if
961 * killing is needed or not. Only kill when the page
962 * was dirty, otherwise the tokill list is merely
963 * freed. When there was a problem unmapping earlier
964 * use a more force-full uncatchable kill to prevent
965 * any accesses to the poisoned memory.
966 */
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -0800967 kill_procs_ao(&tokill, !!PageDirty(ppage), trapno,
Andi Kleen0d9ee6a2010-09-27 22:03:33 +0200968 ret != SWAP_SUCCESS, p, pfn);
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +0100969
970 return ret;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200971}
972
Naoya Horiguchi7013feb2010-05-28 09:29:18 +0900973static void set_page_hwpoison_huge_page(struct page *hpage)
974{
975 int i;
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -0800976 int nr_pages = 1 << compound_trans_order(hpage);
Naoya Horiguchi7013feb2010-05-28 09:29:18 +0900977 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
978 SetPageHWPoison(hpage + i);
979}
980
981static void clear_page_hwpoison_huge_page(struct page *hpage)
982{
983 int i;
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -0800984 int nr_pages = 1 << compound_trans_order(hpage);
Naoya Horiguchi7013feb2010-05-28 09:29:18 +0900985 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
986 ClearPageHWPoison(hpage + i);
987}
988
Andi Kleen82ba0112009-12-16 12:19:57 +0100989int __memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags)
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200990{
991 struct page_state *ps;
992 struct page *p;
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +0900993 struct page *hpage;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200994 int res;
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +0900995 unsigned int nr_pages;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +0200996
997 if (!sysctl_memory_failure_recovery)
998 panic("Memory failure from trap %d on page %lx", trapno, pfn);
999
1000 if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
Wu Fengguanga7560fc2009-12-16 12:19:57 +01001001 printk(KERN_ERR
1002 "MCE %#lx: memory outside kernel control\n",
1003 pfn);
1004 return -ENXIO;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001005 }
1006
1007 p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +09001008 hpage = compound_head(p);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001009 if (TestSetPageHWPoison(p)) {
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001010 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: already hardware poisoned\n", pfn);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001011 return 0;
1012 }
1013
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -08001014 nr_pages = 1 << compound_trans_order(hpage);
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001015 atomic_long_add(nr_pages, &mce_bad_pages);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001016
1017 /*
1018 * We need/can do nothing about count=0 pages.
1019 * 1) it's a free page, and therefore in safe hand:
1020 * prep_new_page() will be the gate keeper.
Naoya Horiguchi8c6c2ec2010-09-08 10:19:38 +09001021 * 2) it's a free hugepage, which is also safe:
1022 * an affected hugepage will be dequeued from hugepage freelist,
1023 * so there's no concern about reusing it ever after.
1024 * 3) it's part of a non-compound high order page.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001025 * Implies some kernel user: cannot stop them from
1026 * R/W the page; let's pray that the page has been
1027 * used and will be freed some time later.
1028 * In fact it's dangerous to directly bump up page count from 0,
1029 * that may make page_freeze_refs()/page_unfreeze_refs() mismatch.
1030 */
Andi Kleen82ba0112009-12-16 12:19:57 +01001031 if (!(flags & MF_COUNT_INCREASED) &&
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +09001032 !get_page_unless_zero(hpage)) {
Wu Fengguang8d22ba12009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001033 if (is_free_buddy_page(p)) {
1034 action_result(pfn, "free buddy", DELAYED);
1035 return 0;
Naoya Horiguchi8c6c2ec2010-09-08 10:19:38 +09001036 } else if (PageHuge(hpage)) {
1037 /*
1038 * Check "just unpoisoned", "filter hit", and
1039 * "race with other subpage."
1040 */
1041 lock_page_nosync(hpage);
1042 if (!PageHWPoison(hpage)
1043 || (hwpoison_filter(p) && TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
1044 || (p != hpage && TestSetPageHWPoison(hpage))) {
1045 atomic_long_sub(nr_pages, &mce_bad_pages);
1046 return 0;
1047 }
1048 set_page_hwpoison_huge_page(hpage);
1049 res = dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page(hpage);
1050 action_result(pfn, "free huge",
1051 res ? IGNORED : DELAYED);
1052 unlock_page(hpage);
1053 return res;
Wu Fengguang8d22ba12009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001054 } else {
1055 action_result(pfn, "high order kernel", IGNORED);
1056 return -EBUSY;
1057 }
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001058 }
1059
1060 /*
Wu Fengguange43c3af2009-09-29 13:16:20 +08001061 * We ignore non-LRU pages for good reasons.
1062 * - PG_locked is only well defined for LRU pages and a few others
1063 * - to avoid races with __set_page_locked()
1064 * - to avoid races with __SetPageSlab*() (and more non-atomic ops)
1065 * The check (unnecessarily) ignores LRU pages being isolated and
1066 * walked by the page reclaim code, however that's not a big loss.
1067 */
Jin Dongmingaf241a02011-02-01 15:52:41 -08001068 if (!PageHuge(p) && !PageTransCompound(p)) {
1069 if (!PageLRU(p))
1070 shake_page(p, 0);
1071 if (!PageLRU(p)) {
1072 /*
1073 * shake_page could have turned it free.
1074 */
1075 if (is_free_buddy_page(p)) {
1076 action_result(pfn, "free buddy, 2nd try",
1077 DELAYED);
1078 return 0;
1079 }
1080 action_result(pfn, "non LRU", IGNORED);
1081 put_page(p);
1082 return -EBUSY;
Andi Kleen0474a602009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001083 }
Wu Fengguange43c3af2009-09-29 13:16:20 +08001084 }
Wu Fengguange43c3af2009-09-29 13:16:20 +08001085
1086 /*
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001087 * Lock the page and wait for writeback to finish.
1088 * It's very difficult to mess with pages currently under IO
1089 * and in many cases impossible, so we just avoid it here.
1090 */
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +09001091 lock_page_nosync(hpage);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001092
1093 /*
1094 * unpoison always clear PG_hwpoison inside page lock
1095 */
1096 if (!PageHWPoison(p)) {
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001097 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: just unpoisoned\n", pfn);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001098 res = 0;
1099 goto out;
1100 }
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +01001101 if (hwpoison_filter(p)) {
1102 if (TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001103 atomic_long_sub(nr_pages, &mce_bad_pages);
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +09001104 unlock_page(hpage);
1105 put_page(hpage);
Wu Fengguang7c116f22009-12-16 12:19:59 +01001106 return 0;
1107 }
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001108
Naoya Horiguchi7013feb2010-05-28 09:29:18 +09001109 /*
1110 * For error on the tail page, we should set PG_hwpoison
1111 * on the head page to show that the hugepage is hwpoisoned
1112 */
Jin Dongminga6d30dd2011-02-01 15:52:40 -08001113 if (PageHuge(p) && PageTail(p) && TestSetPageHWPoison(hpage)) {
Naoya Horiguchi7013feb2010-05-28 09:29:18 +09001114 action_result(pfn, "hugepage already hardware poisoned",
1115 IGNORED);
1116 unlock_page(hpage);
1117 put_page(hpage);
1118 return 0;
1119 }
1120 /*
1121 * Set PG_hwpoison on all pages in an error hugepage,
1122 * because containment is done in hugepage unit for now.
1123 * Since we have done TestSetPageHWPoison() for the head page with
1124 * page lock held, we can safely set PG_hwpoison bits on tail pages.
1125 */
1126 if (PageHuge(p))
1127 set_page_hwpoison_huge_page(hpage);
1128
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001129 wait_on_page_writeback(p);
1130
1131 /*
1132 * Now take care of user space mappings.
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001133 * Abort on fail: __remove_from_page_cache() assumes unmapped page.
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001134 */
Wu Fengguang1668bfd2009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001135 if (hwpoison_user_mappings(p, pfn, trapno) != SWAP_SUCCESS) {
1136 printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: cannot unmap page, give up\n", pfn);
1137 res = -EBUSY;
1138 goto out;
1139 }
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001140
1141 /*
1142 * Torn down by someone else?
1143 */
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001144 if (PageLRU(p) && !PageSwapCache(p) && p->mapping == NULL) {
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001145 action_result(pfn, "already truncated LRU", IGNORED);
Wu Fengguangd95ea512009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001146 res = -EBUSY;
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001147 goto out;
1148 }
1149
1150 res = -EBUSY;
1151 for (ps = error_states;; ps++) {
Wu Fengguangdc2a1cb2009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001152 if ((p->flags & ps->mask) == ps->res) {
Wu Fengguangbd1ce5f2009-12-16 12:19:57 +01001153 res = page_action(ps, p, pfn);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001154 break;
1155 }
1156 }
1157out:
Naoya Horiguchi7af446a2010-05-28 09:29:17 +09001158 unlock_page(hpage);
Andi Kleen6a460792009-09-16 11:50:15 +02001159 return res;
1160}
1161EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__memory_failure);
1162
1163/**
1164 * memory_failure - Handle memory failure of a page.
1165 * @pfn: Page Number of the corrupted page
1166 * @trapno: Trap number reported in the signal to user space.
1167 *
1168 * This function is called by the low level machine check code
1169 * of an architecture when it detects hardware memory corruption
1170 * of a page. It tries its best to recover, which includes
1171 * dropping pages, killing processes etc.
1172 *
1173 * The function is primarily of use for corruptions that
1174 * happen outside the current execution context (e.g. when
1175 * detected by a background scrubber)
1176 *
1177 * Must run in process context (e.g. a work queue) with interrupts
1178 * enabled and no spinlocks hold.
1179 */
1180void memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno)
1181{
1182 __memory_failure(pfn, trapno, 0);
1183}
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001184
1185/**
1186 * unpoison_memory - Unpoison a previously poisoned page
1187 * @pfn: Page number of the to be unpoisoned page
1188 *
1189 * Software-unpoison a page that has been poisoned by
1190 * memory_failure() earlier.
1191 *
1192 * This is only done on the software-level, so it only works
1193 * for linux injected failures, not real hardware failures
1194 *
1195 * Returns 0 for success, otherwise -errno.
1196 */
1197int unpoison_memory(unsigned long pfn)
1198{
1199 struct page *page;
1200 struct page *p;
1201 int freeit = 0;
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001202 unsigned int nr_pages;
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001203
1204 if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
1205 return -ENXIO;
1206
1207 p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
1208 page = compound_head(p);
1209
1210 if (!PageHWPoison(p)) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001211 pr_info("MCE: Page was already unpoisoned %#lx\n", pfn);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001212 return 0;
1213 }
1214
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -08001215 nr_pages = 1 << compound_trans_order(page);
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001216
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001217 if (!get_page_unless_zero(page)) {
Naoya Horiguchi8c6c2ec2010-09-08 10:19:38 +09001218 /*
1219 * Since HWPoisoned hugepage should have non-zero refcount,
1220 * race between memory failure and unpoison seems to happen.
1221 * In such case unpoison fails and memory failure runs
1222 * to the end.
1223 */
1224 if (PageHuge(page)) {
1225 pr_debug("MCE: Memory failure is now running on free hugepage %#lx\n", pfn);
1226 return 0;
1227 }
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001228 if (TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001229 atomic_long_sub(nr_pages, &mce_bad_pages);
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001230 pr_info("MCE: Software-unpoisoned free page %#lx\n", pfn);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001231 return 0;
1232 }
1233
1234 lock_page_nosync(page);
1235 /*
1236 * This test is racy because PG_hwpoison is set outside of page lock.
1237 * That's acceptable because that won't trigger kernel panic. Instead,
1238 * the PG_hwpoison page will be caught and isolated on the entrance to
1239 * the free buddy page pool.
1240 */
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001241 if (TestClearPageHWPoison(page)) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001242 pr_info("MCE: Software-unpoisoned page %#lx\n", pfn);
Naoya Horiguchic9fbdd52010-05-28 09:29:19 +09001243 atomic_long_sub(nr_pages, &mce_bad_pages);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001244 freeit = 1;
Naoya Horiguchi6a901812010-09-08 10:19:40 +09001245 if (PageHuge(page))
1246 clear_page_hwpoison_huge_page(page);
Wu Fengguang847ce402009-12-16 12:19:58 +01001247 }
1248 unlock_page(page);
1249
1250 put_page(page);
1251 if (freeit)
1252 put_page(page);
1253
1254 return 0;
1255}
1256EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpoison_memory);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001257
1258static struct page *new_page(struct page *p, unsigned long private, int **x)
1259{
Andi Kleen12686d12009-12-16 12:20:01 +01001260 int nid = page_to_nid(p);
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001261 if (PageHuge(p))
1262 return alloc_huge_page_node(page_hstate(compound_head(p)),
1263 nid);
1264 else
1265 return alloc_pages_exact_node(nid, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, 0);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001266}
1267
1268/*
1269 * Safely get reference count of an arbitrary page.
1270 * Returns 0 for a free page, -EIO for a zero refcount page
1271 * that is not free, and 1 for any other page type.
1272 * For 1 the page is returned with increased page count, otherwise not.
1273 */
1274static int get_any_page(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn, int flags)
1275{
1276 int ret;
1277
1278 if (flags & MF_COUNT_INCREASED)
1279 return 1;
1280
1281 /*
KOSAKI Motohiro20d6c962010-12-02 14:31:19 -08001282 * The lock_memory_hotplug prevents a race with memory hotplug.
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001283 * This is a big hammer, a better would be nicer.
1284 */
KOSAKI Motohiro20d6c962010-12-02 14:31:19 -08001285 lock_memory_hotplug();
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001286
1287 /*
1288 * Isolate the page, so that it doesn't get reallocated if it
1289 * was free.
1290 */
1291 set_migratetype_isolate(p);
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001292 /*
1293 * When the target page is a free hugepage, just remove it
1294 * from free hugepage list.
1295 */
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001296 if (!get_page_unless_zero(compound_head(p))) {
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001297 if (PageHuge(p)) {
Andi Kleen46e387b2010-10-22 17:40:48 +02001298 pr_info("get_any_page: %#lx free huge page\n", pfn);
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001299 ret = dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page(compound_head(p));
1300 } else if (is_free_buddy_page(p)) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001301 pr_info("get_any_page: %#lx free buddy page\n", pfn);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001302 /* Set hwpoison bit while page is still isolated */
1303 SetPageHWPoison(p);
1304 ret = 0;
1305 } else {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001306 pr_info("get_any_page: %#lx: unknown zero refcount page type %lx\n",
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001307 pfn, p->flags);
1308 ret = -EIO;
1309 }
1310 } else {
1311 /* Not a free page */
1312 ret = 1;
1313 }
1314 unset_migratetype_isolate(p);
KOSAKI Motohiro20d6c962010-12-02 14:31:19 -08001315 unlock_memory_hotplug();
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001316 return ret;
1317}
1318
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001319static int soft_offline_huge_page(struct page *page, int flags)
1320{
1321 int ret;
1322 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
1323 struct page *hpage = compound_head(page);
1324 LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
1325
1326 ret = get_any_page(page, pfn, flags);
1327 if (ret < 0)
1328 return ret;
1329 if (ret == 0)
1330 goto done;
1331
1332 if (PageHWPoison(hpage)) {
1333 put_page(hpage);
1334 pr_debug("soft offline: %#lx hugepage already poisoned\n", pfn);
1335 return -EBUSY;
1336 }
1337
1338 /* Keep page count to indicate a given hugepage is isolated. */
1339
1340 list_add(&hpage->lru, &pagelist);
Mel Gorman77f1fe62011-01-13 15:45:57 -08001341 ret = migrate_huge_pages(&pagelist, new_page, MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL, 0,
1342 true);
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001343 if (ret) {
Minchan Kim48db54e2011-02-01 15:52:33 -08001344 struct page *page1, *page2;
1345 list_for_each_entry_safe(page1, page2, &pagelist, lru)
1346 put_page(page1);
1347
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001348 pr_debug("soft offline: %#lx: migration failed %d, type %lx\n",
1349 pfn, ret, page->flags);
1350 if (ret > 0)
1351 ret = -EIO;
1352 return ret;
1353 }
1354done:
1355 if (!PageHWPoison(hpage))
Andrea Arcangeli37c2ac72011-01-13 15:47:16 -08001356 atomic_long_add(1 << compound_trans_order(hpage), &mce_bad_pages);
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001357 set_page_hwpoison_huge_page(hpage);
1358 dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page(hpage);
1359 /* keep elevated page count for bad page */
1360 return ret;
1361}
1362
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001363/**
1364 * soft_offline_page - Soft offline a page.
1365 * @page: page to offline
1366 * @flags: flags. Same as memory_failure().
1367 *
1368 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise negated errno.
1369 *
1370 * Soft offline a page, by migration or invalidation,
1371 * without killing anything. This is for the case when
1372 * a page is not corrupted yet (so it's still valid to access),
1373 * but has had a number of corrected errors and is better taken
1374 * out.
1375 *
1376 * The actual policy on when to do that is maintained by
1377 * user space.
1378 *
1379 * This should never impact any application or cause data loss,
1380 * however it might take some time.
1381 *
1382 * This is not a 100% solution for all memory, but tries to be
1383 * ``good enough'' for the majority of memory.
1384 */
1385int soft_offline_page(struct page *page, int flags)
1386{
1387 int ret;
1388 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
1389
Naoya Horiguchid950b952010-09-08 10:19:39 +09001390 if (PageHuge(page))
1391 return soft_offline_huge_page(page, flags);
1392
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001393 ret = get_any_page(page, pfn, flags);
1394 if (ret < 0)
1395 return ret;
1396 if (ret == 0)
1397 goto done;
1398
1399 /*
1400 * Page cache page we can handle?
1401 */
1402 if (!PageLRU(page)) {
1403 /*
1404 * Try to free it.
1405 */
1406 put_page(page);
1407 shake_page(page, 1);
1408
1409 /*
1410 * Did it turn free?
1411 */
1412 ret = get_any_page(page, pfn, 0);
1413 if (ret < 0)
1414 return ret;
1415 if (ret == 0)
1416 goto done;
1417 }
1418 if (!PageLRU(page)) {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001419 pr_info("soft_offline: %#lx: unknown non LRU page type %lx\n",
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001420 pfn, page->flags);
1421 return -EIO;
1422 }
1423
1424 lock_page(page);
1425 wait_on_page_writeback(page);
1426
1427 /*
1428 * Synchronized using the page lock with memory_failure()
1429 */
1430 if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
1431 unlock_page(page);
1432 put_page(page);
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001433 pr_info("soft offline: %#lx page already poisoned\n", pfn);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001434 return -EBUSY;
1435 }
1436
1437 /*
1438 * Try to invalidate first. This should work for
1439 * non dirty unmapped page cache pages.
1440 */
1441 ret = invalidate_inode_page(page);
1442 unlock_page(page);
1443
1444 /*
1445 * Drop count because page migration doesn't like raised
1446 * counts. The page could get re-allocated, but if it becomes
1447 * LRU the isolation will just fail.
1448 * RED-PEN would be better to keep it isolated here, but we
1449 * would need to fix isolation locking first.
1450 */
1451 put_page(page);
1452 if (ret == 1) {
1453 ret = 0;
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001454 pr_info("soft_offline: %#lx: invalidated\n", pfn);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001455 goto done;
1456 }
1457
1458 /*
1459 * Simple invalidation didn't work.
1460 * Try to migrate to a new page instead. migrate.c
1461 * handles a large number of cases for us.
1462 */
1463 ret = isolate_lru_page(page);
1464 if (!ret) {
1465 LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
1466
1467 list_add(&page->lru, &pagelist);
Mel Gorman77f1fe62011-01-13 15:45:57 -08001468 ret = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page, MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL,
1469 0, true);
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001470 if (ret) {
Andrea Arcangeli57fc4a52011-02-01 15:52:32 -08001471 putback_lru_pages(&pagelist);
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001472 pr_info("soft offline: %#lx: migration failed %d, type %lx\n",
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001473 pfn, ret, page->flags);
1474 if (ret > 0)
1475 ret = -EIO;
1476 }
1477 } else {
Andi Kleenfb46e732010-09-27 23:31:30 +02001478 pr_info("soft offline: %#lx: isolation failed: %d, page count %d, type %lx\n",
Andi Kleenfacb6012009-12-16 12:20:00 +01001479 pfn, ret, page_count(page), page->flags);
1480 }
1481 if (ret)
1482 return ret;
1483
1484done:
1485 atomic_long_add(1, &mce_bad_pages);
1486 SetPageHWPoison(page);
1487 /* keep elevated page count for bad page */
1488 return ret;
1489}
Huang Yingbf998152010-05-31 14:28:19 +08001490
Huang Yingbbeb3402010-06-22 14:23:11 +08001491/*
1492 * The caller must hold current->mm->mmap_sem in read mode.
1493 */
Huang Yingbf998152010-05-31 14:28:19 +08001494int is_hwpoison_address(unsigned long addr)
1495{
1496 pgd_t *pgdp;
1497 pud_t pud, *pudp;
1498 pmd_t pmd, *pmdp;
1499 pte_t pte, *ptep;
1500 swp_entry_t entry;
1501
1502 pgdp = pgd_offset(current->mm, addr);
1503 if (!pgd_present(*pgdp))
1504 return 0;
1505 pudp = pud_offset(pgdp, addr);
1506 pud = *pudp;
1507 if (!pud_present(pud) || pud_large(pud))
1508 return 0;
1509 pmdp = pmd_offset(pudp, addr);
1510 pmd = *pmdp;
1511 if (!pmd_present(pmd) || pmd_large(pmd))
1512 return 0;
1513 ptep = pte_offset_map(pmdp, addr);
1514 pte = *ptep;
1515 pte_unmap(ptep);
1516 if (!is_swap_pte(pte))
1517 return 0;
1518 entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
1519 return is_hwpoison_entry(entry);
1520}
1521EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(is_hwpoison_address);