blob: 8e050fa58218cdac75ad6a49771a224e3d7b7c61 [file] [log] [blame]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001/*
2 * fs/fs-writeback.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
5 *
6 * Contains all the functions related to writing back and waiting
7 * upon dirty inodes against superblocks, and writing back dirty
8 * pages against inodes. ie: data writeback. Writeout of the
9 * inode itself is not handled here.
10 *
11 * 10Apr2002 akpm@zip.com.au
12 * Split out of fs/inode.c
13 * Additions for address_space-based writeback
14 */
15
16#include <linux/kernel.h>
17#include <linux/spinlock.h>
18#include <linux/sched.h>
19#include <linux/fs.h>
20#include <linux/mm.h>
21#include <linux/writeback.h>
22#include <linux/blkdev.h>
23#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
24#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
25
26extern struct super_block *blockdev_superblock;
27
28/**
29 * __mark_inode_dirty - internal function
30 * @inode: inode to mark
31 * @flags: what kind of dirty (i.e. I_DIRTY_SYNC)
32 * Mark an inode as dirty. Callers should use mark_inode_dirty or
33 * mark_inode_dirty_sync.
34 *
35 * Put the inode on the super block's dirty list.
36 *
37 * CAREFUL! We mark it dirty unconditionally, but move it onto the
38 * dirty list only if it is hashed or if it refers to a blockdev.
39 * If it was not hashed, it will never be added to the dirty list
40 * even if it is later hashed, as it will have been marked dirty already.
41 *
42 * In short, make sure you hash any inodes _before_ you start marking
43 * them dirty.
44 *
45 * This function *must* be atomic for the I_DIRTY_PAGES case -
46 * set_page_dirty() is called under spinlock in several places.
47 *
48 * Note that for blockdevs, inode->dirtied_when represents the dirtying time of
49 * the block-special inode (/dev/hda1) itself. And the ->dirtied_when field of
50 * the kernel-internal blockdev inode represents the dirtying time of the
51 * blockdev's pages. This is why for I_DIRTY_PAGES we always use
52 * page->mapping->host, so the page-dirtying time is recorded in the internal
53 * blockdev inode.
54 */
55void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
56{
57 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
58
59 /*
60 * Don't do this for I_DIRTY_PAGES - that doesn't actually
61 * dirty the inode itself
62 */
63 if (flags & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
64 if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
65 sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode);
66 }
67
68 /*
69 * make sure that changes are seen by all cpus before we test i_state
70 * -- mikulas
71 */
72 smp_mb();
73
74 /* avoid the locking if we can */
75 if ((inode->i_state & flags) == flags)
76 return;
77
78 if (unlikely(block_dump)) {
79 struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
80 const char *name = "?";
81
82 if (!list_empty(&inode->i_dentry)) {
83 dentry = list_entry(inode->i_dentry.next,
84 struct dentry, d_alias);
85 if (dentry && dentry->d_name.name)
86 name = (const char *) dentry->d_name.name;
87 }
88
89 if (inode->i_ino || strcmp(inode->i_sb->s_id, "bdev"))
90 printk(KERN_DEBUG
91 "%s(%d): dirtied inode %lu (%s) on %s\n",
92 current->comm, current->pid, inode->i_ino,
93 name, inode->i_sb->s_id);
94 }
95
96 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
97 if ((inode->i_state & flags) != flags) {
98 const int was_dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
99
100 inode->i_state |= flags;
101
102 /*
103 * If the inode is locked, just update its dirty state.
104 * The unlocker will place the inode on the appropriate
105 * superblock list, based upon its state.
106 */
107 if (inode->i_state & I_LOCK)
108 goto out;
109
110 /*
111 * Only add valid (hashed) inodes to the superblock's
112 * dirty list. Add blockdev inodes as well.
113 */
114 if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
115 if (hlist_unhashed(&inode->i_hash))
116 goto out;
117 }
118 if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_CLEAR))
119 goto out;
120
121 /*
122 * If the inode was already on s_dirty or s_io, don't
123 * reposition it (that would break s_dirty time-ordering).
124 */
125 if (!was_dirty) {
126 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
127 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
128 }
129 }
130out:
131 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
132}
133
134EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty);
135
136static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, int sync)
137{
138 if (inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode && !is_bad_inode(inode))
139 return inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode(inode, sync);
140 return 0;
141}
142
143/*
144 * Write a single inode's dirty pages and inode data out to disk.
145 * If `wait' is set, wait on the writeout.
146 *
147 * The whole writeout design is quite complex and fragile. We want to avoid
148 * starvation of particular inodes when others are being redirtied, prevent
149 * livelocks, etc.
150 *
151 * Called under inode_lock.
152 */
153static int
154__sync_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
155{
156 unsigned dirty;
157 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
158 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
159 int wait = wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL;
160 int ret;
161
162 BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_LOCK);
163
164 /* Set I_LOCK, reset I_DIRTY */
165 dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
166 inode->i_state |= I_LOCK;
167 inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY;
168
169 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
170
171 ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
172
173 /* Don't write the inode if only I_DIRTY_PAGES was set */
174 if (dirty & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
175 int err = write_inode(inode, wait);
176 if (ret == 0)
177 ret = err;
178 }
179
180 if (wait) {
181 int err = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
182 if (ret == 0)
183 ret = err;
184 }
185
186 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
187 inode->i_state &= ~I_LOCK;
188 if (!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) {
189 if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
190 mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
191 /*
192 * We didn't write back all the pages. nfs_writepages()
193 * sometimes bales out without doing anything. Redirty
194 * the inode. It is still on sb->s_io.
195 */
196 if (wbc->for_kupdate) {
197 /*
198 * For the kupdate function we leave the inode
199 * at the head of sb_dirty so it will get more
200 * writeout as soon as the queue becomes
201 * uncongested.
202 */
203 inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
204 list_move_tail(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
205 } else {
206 /*
207 * Otherwise fully redirty the inode so that
208 * other inodes on this superblock will get some
209 * writeout. Otherwise heavy writing to one
210 * file would indefinitely suspend writeout of
211 * all the other files.
212 */
213 inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
214 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
215 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
216 }
217 } else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
218 /*
219 * Someone redirtied the inode while were writing back
220 * the pages.
221 */
222 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
223 } else if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count)) {
224 /*
225 * The inode is clean, inuse
226 */
227 list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode_in_use);
228 } else {
229 /*
230 * The inode is clean, unused
231 */
232 list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode_unused);
233 inodes_stat.nr_unused++;
234 }
235 }
236 wake_up_inode(inode);
237 return ret;
238}
239
240/*
241 * Write out an inode's dirty pages. Called under inode_lock.
242 */
243static int
244__writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode,
245 struct writeback_control *wbc)
246{
247 wait_queue_head_t *wqh;
248
249 if ((wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) && (inode->i_state & I_LOCK)) {
250 list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode->i_sb->s_dirty);
251 return 0;
252 }
253
254 /*
255 * It's a data-integrity sync. We must wait.
256 */
257 if (inode->i_state & I_LOCK) {
258 DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wq, &inode->i_state, __I_LOCK);
259
260 wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_LOCK);
261 do {
262 __iget(inode);
263 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
264 __wait_on_bit(wqh, &wq, inode_wait,
265 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
266 iput(inode);
267 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
268 } while (inode->i_state & I_LOCK);
269 }
270 return __sync_single_inode(inode, wbc);
271}
272
273/*
274 * Write out a superblock's list of dirty inodes. A wait will be performed
275 * upon no inodes, all inodes or the final one, depending upon sync_mode.
276 *
277 * If older_than_this is non-NULL, then only write out inodes which
278 * had their first dirtying at a time earlier than *older_than_this.
279 *
280 * If we're a pdlfush thread, then implement pdflush collision avoidance
281 * against the entire list.
282 *
283 * WB_SYNC_HOLD is a hack for sys_sync(): reattach the inode to sb->s_dirty so
284 * that it can be located for waiting on in __writeback_single_inode().
285 *
286 * Called under inode_lock.
287 *
288 * If `bdi' is non-zero then we're being asked to writeback a specific queue.
289 * This function assumes that the blockdev superblock's inodes are backed by
290 * a variety of queues, so all inodes are searched. For other superblocks,
291 * assume that all inodes are backed by the same queue.
292 *
293 * FIXME: this linear search could get expensive with many fileystems. But
294 * how to fix? We need to go from an address_space to all inodes which share
295 * a queue with that address_space. (Easy: have a global "dirty superblocks"
296 * list).
297 *
298 * The inodes to be written are parked on sb->s_io. They are moved back onto
299 * sb->s_dirty as they are selected for writing. This way, none can be missed
300 * on the writer throttling path, and we get decent balancing between many
301 * throttled threads: we don't want them all piling up on __wait_on_inode.
302 */
303static void
304sync_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct writeback_control *wbc)
305{
306 const unsigned long start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
307
308 if (!wbc->for_kupdate || list_empty(&sb->s_io))
309 list_splice_init(&sb->s_dirty, &sb->s_io);
310
311 while (!list_empty(&sb->s_io)) {
312 struct inode *inode = list_entry(sb->s_io.prev,
313 struct inode, i_list);
314 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
315 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
316 long pages_skipped;
317
318 if (!bdi_cap_writeback_dirty(bdi)) {
319 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
320 if (sb == blockdev_superblock) {
321 /*
322 * Dirty memory-backed blockdev: the ramdisk
323 * driver does this. Skip just this inode
324 */
325 continue;
326 }
327 /*
328 * Dirty memory-backed inode against a filesystem other
329 * than the kernel-internal bdev filesystem. Skip the
330 * entire superblock.
331 */
332 break;
333 }
334
335 if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
336 wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
337 if (sb != blockdev_superblock)
338 break; /* Skip a congested fs */
339 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
340 continue; /* Skip a congested blockdev */
341 }
342
343 if (wbc->bdi && bdi != wbc->bdi) {
344 if (sb != blockdev_superblock)
345 break; /* fs has the wrong queue */
346 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
347 continue; /* blockdev has wrong queue */
348 }
349
350 /* Was this inode dirtied after sync_sb_inodes was called? */
351 if (time_after(inode->dirtied_when, start))
352 break;
353
354 /* Was this inode dirtied too recently? */
355 if (wbc->older_than_this && time_after(inode->dirtied_when,
356 *wbc->older_than_this))
357 break;
358
359 /* Is another pdflush already flushing this queue? */
360 if (current_is_pdflush() && !writeback_acquire(bdi))
361 break;
362
363 BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
364 __iget(inode);
365 pages_skipped = wbc->pages_skipped;
366 __writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
367 if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_HOLD) {
368 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
369 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
370 }
371 if (current_is_pdflush())
372 writeback_release(bdi);
373 if (wbc->pages_skipped != pages_skipped) {
374 /*
375 * writeback is not making progress due to locked
376 * buffers. Skip this inode for now.
377 */
378 list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
379 }
380 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
381 cond_resched();
382 iput(inode);
383 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
384 if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
385 break;
386 }
387 return; /* Leave any unwritten inodes on s_io */
388}
389
390/*
391 * Start writeback of dirty pagecache data against all unlocked inodes.
392 *
393 * Note:
394 * We don't need to grab a reference to superblock here. If it has non-empty
395 * ->s_dirty it's hadn't been killed yet and kill_super() won't proceed
396 * past sync_inodes_sb() until both the ->s_dirty and ->s_io lists are
397 * empty. Since __sync_single_inode() regains inode_lock before it finally moves
398 * inode from superblock lists we are OK.
399 *
400 * If `older_than_this' is non-zero then only flush inodes which have a
401 * flushtime older than *older_than_this.
402 *
403 * If `bdi' is non-zero then we will scan the first inode against each
404 * superblock until we find the matching ones. One group will be the dirty
405 * inodes against a filesystem. Then when we hit the dummy blockdev superblock,
406 * sync_sb_inodes will seekout the blockdev which matches `bdi'. Maybe not
407 * super-efficient but we're about to do a ton of I/O...
408 */
409void
410writeback_inodes(struct writeback_control *wbc)
411{
412 struct super_block *sb;
413
414 might_sleep();
415 spin_lock(&sb_lock);
416restart:
417 sb = sb_entry(super_blocks.prev);
418 for (; sb != sb_entry(&super_blocks); sb = sb_entry(sb->s_list.prev)) {
419 if (!list_empty(&sb->s_dirty) || !list_empty(&sb->s_io)) {
420 /* we're making our own get_super here */
421 sb->s_count++;
422 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
423 /*
424 * If we can't get the readlock, there's no sense in
425 * waiting around, most of the time the FS is going to
426 * be unmounted by the time it is released.
427 */
428 if (down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount)) {
429 if (sb->s_root) {
430 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
431 sync_sb_inodes(sb, wbc);
432 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
433 }
434 up_read(&sb->s_umount);
435 }
436 spin_lock(&sb_lock);
437 if (__put_super_and_need_restart(sb))
438 goto restart;
439 }
440 if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
441 break;
442 }
443 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
444}
445
446/*
447 * writeback and wait upon the filesystem's dirty inodes. The caller will
448 * do this in two passes - one to write, and one to wait. WB_SYNC_HOLD is
449 * used to park the written inodes on sb->s_dirty for the wait pass.
450 *
451 * A finite limit is set on the number of pages which will be written.
452 * To prevent infinite livelock of sys_sync().
453 *
454 * We add in the number of potentially dirty inodes, because each inode write
455 * can dirty pagecache in the underlying blockdev.
456 */
457void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
458{
459 struct writeback_control wbc = {
460 .sync_mode = wait ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_HOLD,
461 };
462 unsigned long nr_dirty = read_page_state(nr_dirty);
463 unsigned long nr_unstable = read_page_state(nr_unstable);
464
465 wbc.nr_to_write = nr_dirty + nr_unstable +
466 (inodes_stat.nr_inodes - inodes_stat.nr_unused) +
467 nr_dirty + nr_unstable;
468 wbc.nr_to_write += wbc.nr_to_write / 2; /* Bit more for luck */
469 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
470 sync_sb_inodes(sb, &wbc);
471 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
472}
473
474/*
475 * Rather lame livelock avoidance.
476 */
477static void set_sb_syncing(int val)
478{
479 struct super_block *sb;
480 spin_lock(&sb_lock);
481 sb = sb_entry(super_blocks.prev);
482 for (; sb != sb_entry(&super_blocks); sb = sb_entry(sb->s_list.prev)) {
483 sb->s_syncing = val;
484 }
485 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
486}
487
488/*
489 * Find a superblock with inodes that need to be synced
490 */
491static struct super_block *get_super_to_sync(void)
492{
493 struct super_block *sb;
494restart:
495 spin_lock(&sb_lock);
496 sb = sb_entry(super_blocks.prev);
497 for (; sb != sb_entry(&super_blocks); sb = sb_entry(sb->s_list.prev)) {
498 if (sb->s_syncing)
499 continue;
500 sb->s_syncing = 1;
501 sb->s_count++;
502 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
503 down_read(&sb->s_umount);
504 if (!sb->s_root) {
505 drop_super(sb);
506 goto restart;
507 }
508 return sb;
509 }
510 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
511 return NULL;
512}
513
514/**
Martin Waitz67be2dd2005-05-01 08:59:26 -0700515 * sync_inodes - writes all inodes to disk
516 * @wait: wait for completion
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700517 *
518 * sync_inodes() goes through each super block's dirty inode list, writes the
519 * inodes out, waits on the writeout and puts the inodes back on the normal
520 * list.
521 *
522 * This is for sys_sync(). fsync_dev() uses the same algorithm. The subtle
523 * part of the sync functions is that the blockdev "superblock" is processed
524 * last. This is because the write_inode() function of a typical fs will
525 * perform no I/O, but will mark buffers in the blockdev mapping as dirty.
526 * What we want to do is to perform all that dirtying first, and then write
527 * back all those inode blocks via the blockdev mapping in one sweep. So the
528 * additional (somewhat redundant) sync_blockdev() calls here are to make
529 * sure that really happens. Because if we call sync_inodes_sb(wait=1) with
530 * outstanding dirty inodes, the writeback goes block-at-a-time within the
531 * filesystem's write_inode(). This is extremely slow.
532 */
533void sync_inodes(int wait)
534{
535 struct super_block *sb;
536
537 set_sb_syncing(0);
538 while ((sb = get_super_to_sync()) != NULL) {
539 sync_inodes_sb(sb, 0);
540 sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
541 drop_super(sb);
542 }
543 if (wait) {
544 set_sb_syncing(0);
545 while ((sb = get_super_to_sync()) != NULL) {
546 sync_inodes_sb(sb, 1);
547 sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
548 drop_super(sb);
549 }
550 }
551}
552
553/**
554 * write_inode_now - write an inode to disk
555 * @inode: inode to write to disk
556 * @sync: whether the write should be synchronous or not
557 *
558 * This function commits an inode to disk immediately if it is
559 * dirty. This is primarily needed by knfsd.
560 */
561
562int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
563{
564 int ret;
565 struct writeback_control wbc = {
566 .nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
567 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
568 };
569
570 if (!mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(inode->i_mapping))
571 return 0;
572
573 might_sleep();
574 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
575 ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
576 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
577 if (sync)
578 wait_on_inode(inode);
579 return ret;
580}
581EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
582
583/**
584 * sync_inode - write an inode and its pages to disk.
585 * @inode: the inode to sync
586 * @wbc: controls the writeback mode
587 *
588 * sync_inode() will write an inode and its pages to disk. It will also
589 * correctly update the inode on its superblock's dirty inode lists and will
590 * update inode->i_state.
591 *
592 * The caller must have a ref on the inode.
593 */
594int sync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
595{
596 int ret;
597
598 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
599 ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
600 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
601 return ret;
602}
603EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode);
604
605/**
606 * generic_osync_inode - flush all dirty data for a given inode to disk
607 * @inode: inode to write
Martin Waitz67be2dd2005-05-01 08:59:26 -0700608 * @mapping: the address_space that should be flushed
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700609 * @what: what to write and wait upon
610 *
611 * This can be called by file_write functions for files which have the
612 * O_SYNC flag set, to flush dirty writes to disk.
613 *
614 * @what is a bitmask, specifying which part of the inode's data should be
615 * written and waited upon:
616 *
617 * OSYNC_DATA: i_mapping's dirty data
618 * OSYNC_METADATA: the buffers at i_mapping->private_list
619 * OSYNC_INODE: the inode itself
620 */
621
622int generic_osync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct address_space *mapping, int what)
623{
624 int err = 0;
625 int need_write_inode_now = 0;
626 int err2;
627
628 current->flags |= PF_SYNCWRITE;
629 if (what & OSYNC_DATA)
630 err = filemap_fdatawrite(mapping);
631 if (what & (OSYNC_METADATA|OSYNC_DATA)) {
632 err2 = sync_mapping_buffers(mapping);
633 if (!err)
634 err = err2;
635 }
636 if (what & OSYNC_DATA) {
637 err2 = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
638 if (!err)
639 err = err2;
640 }
641 current->flags &= ~PF_SYNCWRITE;
642
643 spin_lock(&inode_lock);
644 if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
645 ((what & OSYNC_INODE) || (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)))
646 need_write_inode_now = 1;
647 spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
648
649 if (need_write_inode_now) {
650 err2 = write_inode_now(inode, 1);
651 if (!err)
652 err = err2;
653 }
654 else
655 wait_on_inode(inode);
656
657 return err;
658}
659
660EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_osync_inode);
661
662/**
663 * writeback_acquire: attempt to get exclusive writeback access to a device
664 * @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure
665 *
666 * It is a waste of resources to have more than one pdflush thread blocked on
667 * a single request queue. Exclusion at the request_queue level is obtained
668 * via a flag in the request_queue's backing_dev_info.state.
669 *
670 * Non-request_queue-backed address_spaces will share default_backing_dev_info,
671 * unless they implement their own. Which is somewhat inefficient, as this
672 * may prevent concurrent writeback against multiple devices.
673 */
674int writeback_acquire(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
675{
676 return !test_and_set_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
677}
678
679/**
680 * writeback_in_progress: determine whether there is writeback in progress
681 * against a backing device.
682 * @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure.
683 */
684int writeback_in_progress(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
685{
686 return test_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
687}
688
689/**
690 * writeback_release: relinquish exclusive writeback access against a device.
691 * @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure
692 */
693void writeback_release(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
694{
695 BUG_ON(!writeback_in_progress(bdi));
696 clear_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
697}