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Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001Intro
2=====
3
4This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
Linus Torvalds5adaf852011-07-11 16:48:38 -07005software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07006
7This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
8and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
9Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
10'net).
11
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070012Current Minimal Requirements
13============================
14
15Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
16encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17running, the suggested command should tell you.
18
Linus Torvalds5adaf852011-07-11 16:48:38 -070019Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
20running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070023
Andrew Mortona1365642006-01-08 01:04:09 -080024o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
Adam Lackorzynski2185a5e2009-06-14 22:38:59 +020025o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070026o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
27o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
28o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
Bill Nottingham242f45d2009-01-29 16:28:40 -080029o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070030o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
Christian Kujaue06c3742011-03-22 16:35:02 -070031o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070032o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
Bill Nottingham242f45d2009-01-29 16:28:40 -080033o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
34o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
Robert P. J. Daye4121712006-09-11 12:39:19 -040035o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070036o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
37o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
38o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
39o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
40o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
John Levon0c0a4002005-06-23 22:02:47 -070041o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
Christian Kujaue06c3742011-03-22 16:35:02 -070042o udev 081 # udevd --version
43o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
44o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
Jan Engelhardtd879e192010-03-22 19:39:04 +010045o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
Jan Engelhardt7a922632009-12-14 14:52:10 +010046
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070047
48Kernel compilation
49==================
50
51GCC
52---
53
54The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
Andrew Mortona1365642006-01-08 01:04:09 -080055computer.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070056
57Make
58----
59
Adam Lackorzynski2185a5e2009-06-14 22:38:59 +020060You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070061
62Binutils
63--------
64
65Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
66assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
67your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
68release of binutils.
69
Jose Luis Perez Diez08219622009-06-17 16:26:30 -070070Perl
71----
72
73You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
74File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
75
Alan221069b2014-05-19 14:02:17 +010076BC
77--
78
79You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
80
Jose Luis Perez Diez08219622009-06-17 16:26:30 -070081
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070082System utilities
83================
84
85Architectural changes
86---------------------
87
88DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
89(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
90
9132-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
92
93Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
94documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
95definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
96SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
97files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
98HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
99DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
100well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
101
102Util-linux
103----------
104
105New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
106support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
107types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
108You'll probably want to upgrade.
109
110Ksymoops
111--------
112
Jesper Juhl62a07e62005-11-07 01:01:03 -0800113If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
114ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
Linus Torvalds5adaf852011-07-11 16:48:38 -0700115It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
116that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
117produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
118is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
119reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
120with ksymoops.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700121
122Module-Init-Tools
123-----------------
124
125A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
126to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
127
128Mkinitrd
129--------
130
131These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
132mkinitrd be upgraded.
133
134E2fsprogs
135---------
136
137The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
138debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
139
140JFSutils
141--------
142
143The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
144The following utilities are available:
145o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
146 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
147o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
148o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
149
150Reiserfsprogs
151-------------
152
153The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
154(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
155versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
156reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
157
158Xfsprogs
159--------
160
161The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
162xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
163architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
164work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
165later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
166
Dominik Brodowski5085cb22005-06-27 16:28:45 -0700167PCMCIAutils
168-----------
169
Simon Danner00703e02014-09-06 15:44:06 +0200170PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
Dominik Brodowski5085cb22005-06-27 16:28:45 -0700171PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
172for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
173subsystem is used.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700174
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700175Quota-tools
176-----------
177
178Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
179the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
180newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
181from the table above.
182
183Intel IA32 microcode
184--------------------
185
186A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
Greg Kroah-Hartman890fbae2005-06-20 21:15:16 -0700187accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
188udev you may need to:
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700189
190mkdir /dev/cpu
191mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
192chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
193
194as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
195get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
196
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700197udev
198----
199udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
Greg Kroah-Hartman890fbae2005-06-20 21:15:16 -0700200only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
Jan Engelhardt03a67a42006-11-30 05:32:19 +0100201functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
Greg Kroah-Hartman890fbae2005-06-20 21:15:16 -0700202devices.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700203
Miklos Szeredi909021e2005-09-27 21:45:20 -0700204FUSE
205----
206
207Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
208options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
209
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700210Networking
211==========
212
213General changes
214---------------
215
216If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
217consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
218
219Packet Filter / NAT
220-------------------
221The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
222kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
223for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
224
225PPP
226---
227
228The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
229enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
230upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
231
Greg Kroah-Hartman890fbae2005-06-20 21:15:16 -0700232If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700233which can be made by:
234
235mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
236
237as root.
238
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700239Isdn4k-utils
240------------
241
242Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
243needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
244
245NFS-utils
246---------
247
Linus Torvalds5adaf852011-07-11 16:48:38 -0700248In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
249about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700250information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
251mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
252would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
253
254This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
255which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
256fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
257getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
258
Linus Torvalds5adaf852011-07-11 16:48:38 -0700259With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
260when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
261appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
262dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
263currently active clients.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700264
265To enable this new functionality, you need to:
266
Robert P. J. Daye4121712006-09-11 12:39:19 -0400267 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700268
269before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
270services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
271that is possible.
272
Andi Kleen172d8992009-04-28 23:37:02 +0200273mcelog
274------
275
Paul Bollec8c3f7d2014-07-12 09:54:52 -0700276On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
277events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
278by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
Andi Kleen172d8992009-04-28 23:37:02 +0200279
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700280Getting updated software
281========================
282
283Kernel compilation
284******************
285
Andrew Mortona1365642006-01-08 01:04:09 -0800286gcc
287---
288o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700289
290Make
291----
292o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
293
294Binutils
295--------
296o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
297
298System utilities
299****************
300
301Util-linux
302----------
303o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
304
305Ksymoops
306--------
307o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
308
309Module-Init-Tools
310-----------------
311o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
312
313Mkinitrd
314--------
Justin P. Mattocka6557732010-07-03 15:46:13 -0700315o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700316
317E2fsprogs
318---------
319o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
320
321JFSutils
322--------
323o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
324
325Reiserfsprogs
326-------------
Justin P. Mattocka6557732010-07-03 15:46:13 -0700327o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700328
329Xfsprogs
330--------
Justin P. Mattocka6557732010-07-03 15:46:13 -0700331o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700332
Dominik Brodowski5085cb22005-06-27 16:28:45 -0700333Pcmciautils
334-----------
335o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
336
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700337Quota-tools
338----------
339o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
340
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700341DocBook Stylesheets
342-------------------
Simon Danner03ebb7d2014-09-06 15:42:48 +0200343o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700344
Martin Waitz8b0c2d92005-05-01 08:59:27 -0700345XMLTO XSLT Frontend
346-------------------
347o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
348
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700349Intel P6 microcode
350------------------
Simon Danner03ebb7d2014-09-06 15:42:48 +0200351o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700352
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700353udev
354----
Simon Danner03ebb7d2014-09-06 15:42:48 +0200355o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700356
Miklos Szeredi909021e2005-09-27 21:45:20 -0700357FUSE
358----
359o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
360
Andi Kleen172d8992009-04-28 23:37:02 +0200361mcelog
362------
Simon Danner03ebb7d2014-09-06 15:42:48 +0200363o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
Andi Kleen172d8992009-04-28 23:37:02 +0200364
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700365Networking
366**********
367
368PPP
369---
Justin P. Mattocka6557732010-07-03 15:46:13 -0700370o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700371
372Isdn4k-utils
373------------
Justin P. Mattocka6557732010-07-03 15:46:13 -0700374o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700375
376NFS-utils
377---------
378o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
379
380Iptables
381--------
382o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
383
384Ip-route2
385---------
Andrew Shewmaker5d330cd2014-12-03 14:07:31 -0800386o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700387
388OProfile
389--------
390o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
391
392NFS-Utils
393---------
394o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
395