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Mauro Carvalho Chehabe53dd082007-09-15 07:38:47 -03001 Kernel Parameters
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +09304The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as
5implemented by the __setup(), core_param() and module_param() macros
6and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined as ignoring all
7punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case insensitive
8manner), and with descriptions where known.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07009
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +093010The kernel parses parameters from the kernel command line up to "--";
11if it doesn't recognize a parameter and it doesn't contain a '.', the
12parameter gets passed to init: parameters with '=' go into init's
13environment, others are passed as command line arguments to init.
14Everything after "--" is passed as an argument to init.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070015
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +093016Module parameters can be specified in two ways: via the kernel command
17line with a module name prefix, or via modprobe, e.g.:
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070018
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +093019 (kernel command line) usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 (modprobe command line) modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070021
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +093022Parameters for modules which are built into the kernel need to be
23specified on the kernel command line. modprobe looks through the
24kernel command line (/proc/cmdline) and collects module parameters
25when it loads a module, so the kernel command line can be used for
26loadable modules too.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070027
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -070028Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
29 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
30can also be entered as
31 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
32
Rusty Russell5888bcc2014-05-14 10:33:45 +093033Double-quotes can be used to protect spaces in values, e.g.:
34 param="spaces in here"
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -070035
Stefan Richtera901ebb2006-04-01 01:43:18 +020036This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
37"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
38module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
39reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
40parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
41"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
42
Stefan Richter6585fa82006-04-01 01:44:30 +020043The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
44enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
45the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
46parameter is applicable:
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070047
48 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
Chuck Ebbertc99c1082007-07-27 10:46:20 +100049 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070050 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
51 APIC APIC support is enabled.
52 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070053 ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
Haavard Skinnemoene7ba1762007-10-10 14:58:29 +020054 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070055 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
Robin Getz0ae53642007-10-09 17:24:49 +080056 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
Olof Johansson1e435252013-04-27 14:10:18 -070057 CLK Common clock infrastructure is enabled.
Robert Tivy5c71d612013-03-28 18:41:46 -070058 CMA Contiguous Memory Area support is enabled.
Alan Cox9cfe2682011-01-25 14:18:38 +000059 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
60 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070061 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
62 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
63 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
Mimi Zohar7102ebc2011-05-12 18:33:20 -040064 EVM Extended Verification Module
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070065 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070066 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
Peter Oberparleiter2521f2c2009-06-17 16:28:08 -070067 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070068 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070069 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
Mimi Zohar6146f0d2009-02-04 09:06:57 -050070 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070071 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
Adrian Bunk41e2e8b2005-07-12 13:58:33 -070072 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -080073 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070074 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
75 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
76 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -050077 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +020078 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
Kristen Carlson Accardi11ef6972006-09-28 11:29:01 -070079 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070080 LP Printer support is enabled.
81 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
82 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
83 These options have more detailed description inside of
84 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070085 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070086 MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070087 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
Matthew Wilcox309e57d2006-03-05 22:33:34 -070088 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -070089 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070090 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
91 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
92 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
93 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -070094 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
95 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070096 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
97 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap7f785762007-10-05 13:17:58 -070098 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070099 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
100 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
101 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
102 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
103 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
104 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
105 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
106 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap163475f2010-08-14 12:36:14 -0700107 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
108 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
James Morris20510f22007-10-16 23:31:32 -0700109 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700110 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
John Johansenc1c124e2010-07-29 14:48:09 -0700111 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700112 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
Paul Mundte523d932007-02-28 18:30:01 +0900113 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700114 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
115 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
David Brownell77437fd2008-07-23 21:28:33 -0700116 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
117 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
Rajiv Andrade225a9be2010-03-25 00:55:32 -0300118 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700119 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -0500120 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700121 USB USB support is enabled.
122 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
123 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
Pawel Moll81a054c2012-05-09 18:30:16 +0100124 VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700125 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
126 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
127 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
128 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700129 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700130 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
131 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -0700132 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -0700133 X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
Alex Thorlton1c532e02016-03-31 14:18:29 -0500134 X86_UV SGI UV support is enabled.
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +0100135 XEN Xen support is enabled
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700136
137In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
138
139 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
140 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
141 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
142
143Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
144loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
145Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
Kyle McMartin954a8b82009-02-19 16:48:14 -0500146need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700147
Karsten Weiss55588702007-02-13 13:26:21 +0100148There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -0700149See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
Karsten Weiss55588702007-02-13 13:26:21 +0100150
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700151Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
152a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
153be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
154it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
155running once the system is up.
156
jens m. noedler9c4751f2006-09-29 02:00:27 -0700157The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
158complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
159a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
160and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
161./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
162
Ahmed S. Darwish7a19a232011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800163Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
164parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
165multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
166bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
167
jens m. noedler9c4751f2006-09-29 02:00:27 -0700168
Al Stoneb10d79f2015-03-24 14:02:41 +0000169 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64]
Bernhard Walle03d926f2007-03-06 02:29:44 -0800170 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
Ard Biesheuvel6a1f5472016-04-12 16:09:11 +0200171 Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt |
Rami Rosene58d1542015-09-26 19:27:57 +0300172 copy_dsdt }
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700173 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
Ard Biesheuvel6a1f5472016-04-12 16:09:11 +0200174 on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700175 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
176 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700177 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700178 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
Zhao Yakui237889b2008-12-17 16:55:18 +0800179 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
Lin Mingaa2110c2010-04-08 14:34:27 +0800180 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
Ard Biesheuvel6a1f5472016-04-12 16:09:11 +0200181 For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force"
182 are available
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700183
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200184 See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700185
Len Browna1fdcc02007-03-11 03:26:14 -0400186 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
187 Format: <int>
188 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
189 1,0: use 1st APIC table
Len Brown4e381a42007-03-30 14:16:10 -0400190 default: 0
Len Browna1fdcc02007-03-11 03:26:14 -0400191
Thomas Renningerc3d6de62008-08-01 17:37:55 +0200192 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
193 acpi_backlight=vendor
194 acpi_backlight=video
195 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
196 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
197 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
198
Colin Ian Kingb2ca5da2016-01-21 17:05:47 +0000199 acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr
200 force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the
201 64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64
202 bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use
203 the older legacy 32 bit addresses.
204
Dominik Brodowskief694492015-05-14 15:31:28 +0200205 acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI]
206 Disable AML predefined validation mechanism
207 This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make
208 the return objects more ACPI specification compliant.
209 This option is useful for developers to identify the
210 root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue
211 has something to do with the repair mechanism.
212
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700213 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
214 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700215 Format: <int>
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700216 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
217 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
218 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
219 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
220 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
221 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
222 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
Bjorn Helgaase76f4272008-11-13 17:30:13 -0600223 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
224 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
225 debug layers and levels.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700226
Bjorn Helgaase76f4272008-11-13 17:30:13 -0600227 Enable processor driver info messages:
228 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
229 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
230 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700231 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
232 object while interpreting AML:
233 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700234 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
235 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
Thomas Renninger36eec5e2008-08-11 15:03:20 +0200236
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700237 Some values produce so much output that the system is
238 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
239 if you need to capture more output.
Zhang Ruif9891062007-04-24 13:53:22 +0800240
Dominik Brodowskief694492015-05-14 15:31:28 +0200241 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
242 { strict | lax | no }
243 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
244 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
245 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
246 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
247 can interfere with legacy drivers.
248 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
249 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
250 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
251 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
252 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
253 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
254 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
255 no further checks are performed.
256
Lv Zheng4fc0a7e2014-05-31 08:15:02 +0800257 acpi_force_table_verification [HW,ACPI]
258 Enable table checksum verification during early stage.
259 By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping
260 size limitation.
261
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700262 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
263 ACPI will balance active IRQs
264 default in APIC mode
265
266 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
267 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
268 default in PIC mode
269
270 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
271 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
272
273 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
274 use by PCI
275 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
276
Lv Zheng08e1d7c2014-03-24 14:49:22 +0800277 acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI]
278 Disable auto-serialization of AML methods
Bob Moore22b5afc2014-03-24 14:49:00 +0800279 AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create
280 named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the
281 auto-serialization feature.
Lv Zheng08e1d7c2014-03-24 14:49:22 +0800282 This feature is enabled by default.
283 This option allows to turn off the feature.
Bob Moore22b5afc2014-03-24 14:49:00 +0800284
Dominik Brodowskief694492015-05-14 15:31:28 +0200285 acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug. Useful for kdump
286 kernels.
287
Lv Zhenga94e88c2014-04-04 12:39:11 +0800288 acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI]
289 Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time
290 By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be
291 installed automatically and they will appear under
292 /sys/firmware/acpi/tables.
293 This option turns off this feature.
294 Note that specifying this option does not affect
295 dynamic table installation which will install SSDT
296 tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic.
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700297
Dominik Brodowskief694492015-05-14 15:31:28 +0200298 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
299 Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
300 on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
301 second kernel for kdump.
Lv Zheng4dde5072014-02-11 11:01:52 +0800302
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700303 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
304 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
305
Rafael J. Wysocki18d78b62015-07-03 01:06:00 +0200306 acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead
307 of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI
308 specification revision (when using this switch, it may
309 be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a
310 row to make it take effect on the platform firmware).
311
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700312 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
Lv Zheng5dc17982013-07-22 16:08:25 +0800313 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1
314 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2
Lv Zheng741d8122013-07-22 16:08:36 +0800315 acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings
Lv Zheng5dc17982013-07-22 16:08:25 +0800316 acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor
317 strings
Lv Zhenga707ede2016-05-03 16:48:32 +0800318 acpi_osi=!! # enable all built-in OS vendor
319 strings
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700320 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
321
Lv Zheng5dc17982013-07-22 16:08:25 +0800322 'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or
323 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS
324 vendor string(s). Note that such command can only
325 affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus
326 it cannot affect the default state of the feature group
327 strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,
328 specifying it multiple times through kernel command line
Lv Zheng741d8122013-07-22 16:08:36 +0800329 is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not
330 care about the state of the feature group strings which
331 should be controlled by the OSPM.
Lv Zheng5dc17982013-07-22 16:08:25 +0800332 Examples:
333 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent
334 to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all
335 can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
336
337 'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other
338 'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not
339 exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can
340 only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it
341 multiple times through kernel command line is also
342 meaningless.
343 Examples:
344 1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'
345 FALSE.
346
Lv Zheng741d8122013-07-22 16:08:36 +0800347 'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or
348 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific
349 string(s). Note that such command can affect the
350 current state of both the OS vendor strings and the
351 feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times
352 through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may
353 still not able to affect the final state of a string if
354 there are quirks related to this string. This command
355 is useful when one want to control the state of the
356 feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to
357 the OSPM features.
358 Examples:
359 1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make
360 '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.
361 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make
362 '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.
363 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is
364 equivalent to
365 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'
366 and
367 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',
368 they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
369
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530370 acpi_pm_good [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700371 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
372 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
373 and always returns good values.
374
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700375 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
376 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
377
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700378 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
379 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
380 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
381
382 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
383 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
Amerigo Wangc3b07952011-05-10 21:09:38 +0200384 old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700385 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
386 s3_bios and s3_mode.
387 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
388 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
389 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
390 used during resume from hibernation.
391 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
392 control method, with respect to putting devices into
393 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
394 of _PTS is used by default).
Rafael J. Wysocki72ad5d72010-07-23 22:59:09 +0200395 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
396 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
Zhang Ruid7f0eea2009-12-30 15:36:42 +0800397 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
398 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
399 but some broken systems don't work without it).
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700400
401 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
402 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
403 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
404
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700405 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
406 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
407
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700408 agp= [AGP]
409 { off | try_unsupported }
410 off: disable AGP support
411 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
412 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
413
Randy Dunlapbcfde332010-06-07 17:10:38 -0700414 ALSA [HW,ALSA]
415 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
416
Russell Kingd944d542010-02-20 16:13:29 +0000417 alignment= [KNL,ARM]
418 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
419 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
420 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
421
Borislav Petkovdfb09f92011-08-05 15:15:08 +0200422 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
423 Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
424 allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
425 gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
426 machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
427 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
428 a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
429
Borislav Petkov8360ee22011-11-21 12:10:19 +0100430 32: only for 32-bit processes
431 64: only for 64-bit processes
Borislav Petkovdfb09f92011-08-05 15:15:08 +0200432 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
433 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
434
Steven Rostedt (Red Hat)55034cd2013-03-07 22:48:09 -0500435 alloc_snapshot [FTRACE]
436 Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the
437 main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging
438 and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and
439 do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs
440 to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed.
441
Sedat Dilek89e0b9a2011-12-05 23:08:32 +0100442 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
Joerg Roedel54b4cbd2008-06-26 21:28:10 +0200443 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
444 Possible values are:
FUJITA Tomonoriafa9fdc2008-09-20 01:23:30 +0900445 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
446 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
447 flushed before they will be reused, which
448 is a lot of faster
Joerg Roedela5235722010-05-11 17:12:33 +0200449 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
450 the system
Joerg Roedel5abcdba2011-12-01 15:49:45 +0100451 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
452 devices. The IOMMU driver is not
453 allowed anymore to lift isolation
454 requirements as needed. This option
455 does not override iommu=pt
FUJITA Tomonoriafa9fdc2008-09-20 01:23:30 +0900456
Shuah Khanc099cf12012-05-24 15:58:25 -0600457 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
458 Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
459 for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
460 driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
461 IOMMU initialization.
462
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700463 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
464 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
465 Format: <a>,<b>
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200466 See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700467
468 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
469 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
470 connected to one of 16 gameports
471 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
472
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700473 apc= [HW,SPARC]
474 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700475 Format: noidle
476 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
477 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
478 APC and your system crashes randomly.
479
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -0700480 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -0700481 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700482 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
483 Change the amount of debugging information output
484 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700485
Hidehiro Kawaib7c49482015-12-14 11:19:12 +0100486 apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting
487 Format: { bsp (default) | all | none }
488 bsp: External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0
489 all: External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a
490 backup of CPU 0
491 none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is
492 useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be
493 shot down by NMI
494
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800495 autoconf= [IPV6]
496 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
497
Cyrill Gorcunov9636bc02009-10-14 19:09:04 +0400498 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
499 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
500 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
501 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
502 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
503 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
504 apic=verbose is specified.
505 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
506
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700507 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
Pavel Machek71f77052008-07-04 09:59:43 -0700508 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700509
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700510 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
511 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
512
513 ataflop= [HW,M68k]
514
515 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
516
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700517 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
518 EzKey and similar keyboards
519
520 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
521
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700522 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
523 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700524
525 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
526 keyboards
527
528 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
529 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700530
531 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
532 Use software keyboard repeat
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700533
Richard Guy Briggsa106fb02013-09-23 21:53:35 -0400534 audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system
535 Format: { "0" | "1" } (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
Eric Parisd7961142014-01-13 16:01:06 -0500536 0 - kernel audit is disabled and can not be enabled
537 until the next reboot
538 unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and
539 will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd.
540 1 - kernel audit is initialized and partially enabled,
541 storing at most audit_backlog_limit messages in
542 RAM until it is fully enabled by the userspace
543 auditd.
Richard Guy Briggsa106fb02013-09-23 21:53:35 -0400544 Default: unset
Richard Guy Briggsf3411cb2013-09-17 12:34:52 -0400545
Richard Guy Briggsf910fde2013-09-17 12:34:52 -0400546 audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit.
547 Format: <int> (must be >=0)
548 Default: 64
549
Alex Thorlton1c532e02016-03-31 14:18:29 -0500550 bau= [X86_UV] Enable the BAU on SGI UV. The default
551 behavior is to disable the BAU (i.e. bau=0).
552 Format: { "0" | "1" }
553 0 - Disable the BAU.
554 1 - Enable the BAU.
555 unset - Disable the BAU.
556
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700557 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
558 Format: <io>,<mode>
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700559
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700560 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
561 Format: <io>,<mode>
562 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
563
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700564 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
565 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700566 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
567 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
568
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700569 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
570 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700571 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
572 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
573
Paul Gortmaker080506a2013-09-30 13:45:19 -0700574 blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for
575 embedded devices based on command line input.
576 See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt
577
Randy Dunlapbfe8df32007-10-16 01:23:46 -0700578 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
579 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
580 no delay (0).
581 Format: integer
582
Andreas Herrmann35fc9082008-08-20 14:08:58 -0700583 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
584
Huang Yinga3e2acc2016-06-29 13:04:29 -0700585 bert_disable [ACPI]
586 Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes.
587
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700588 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700589 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
590 kernel args too.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700591 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200592 bttv.tuner=
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700593
Will Schmidt4e89a2d2010-09-28 15:33:12 +0000594 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
595 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
596 at a time.
597
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700598 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
599
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700600 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700601 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
602 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
603 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
604 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
605 This option provides an override for these situations.
606
Dmitry Kasatkinffb70f62014-06-17 11:56:58 +0300607 ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on
608 the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate
609 trust validation.
Dmitry Kasatkin32c47412014-06-17 11:56:59 +0300610 format: { id:<keyid> | builtin }
Dmitry Kasatkinffb70f62014-06-17 11:56:58 +0300611
Florian Fainellifd1bb4c2014-06-25 16:41:13 -0700612 cca= [MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency
613 algorithm. Accepted values range from 0 to 7
614 inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h
615 for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and
616 others).
617
Sebastian Ott14ff56b2008-01-26 14:10:37 +0100618 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
619 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700620
Paul Menage8bab8dd2008-04-04 14:29:57 -0700621 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
622 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
Qiang Huangca0bdbb2013-11-06 13:18:09 -0800623 The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are:
624 - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in
625 a single hierarchy
626 - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable
627 subsystem
628 {Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and
629 cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So
630 only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy}
Paul Menage8bab8dd2008-04-04 14:29:57 -0700631
Johannes Weiner1619b6d2016-02-16 13:21:14 -0500632 cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable one, multiple, all cgroup controllers in v1
633 Format: { controller[,controller...] | "all" }
634 Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1;
635 the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2.
636
Johannes Weinerf7e1cb62016-01-14 15:21:29 -0800637 cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller.
638 Format: <string>
639 nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting.
Vladimir Davydov04823c82016-01-20 15:02:38 -0800640 nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting.
Johannes Weinerf7e1cb62016-01-14 15:21:29 -0800641
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700642 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
643 Format: { "0" | "1" }
644 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700645 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
646 any implied execute protection).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700647 1 -- check protection requested by application.
648 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700649 Value can be changed at runtime via
650 /selinux/checkreqprot.
651
Sebastian Ott661ca0d2008-01-26 14:10:36 +0100652 cio_ignore= [S390]
653 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
Olof Johansson1e435252013-04-27 14:10:18 -0700654 clk_ignore_unused
655 [CLK]
Mike Turquettee156ee52014-09-30 14:24:38 -0700656 Prevents the clock framework from automatically gating
657 clocks that have not been explicitly enabled by a Linux
658 device driver but are enabled in hardware at reset or
659 by the bootloader/firmware. Note that this does not
660 force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve
661 those clocks in any way. This parameter is useful for
662 debug and development, but should not be needed on a
663 platform with proper driver support. For more
664 information, see Documentation/clk.txt.
Sebastian Ott661ca0d2008-01-26 14:10:36 +0100665
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700666 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
john stultz734efb42006-06-26 00:25:05 -0700667 [Deprecated]
Matt LaPlante3f6dee92006-10-03 22:45:33 +0200668 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
john stultz734efb42006-06-26 00:25:05 -0700669 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
Matt LaPlante3f6dee92006-10-03 22:45:33 +0200670 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700671 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
672
John Stultz592913e2010-07-13 17:56:20 -0700673 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
Randy Dunlap3d6ac982007-05-23 13:58:16 -0700674 Format: <string>
675 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
676 with the name specified.
677 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
678 the platform:
679 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
680 [ACPI] acpi_pm
681 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
682 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
683 [AVR32] avr32
Alok Kataria9863c902010-08-23 14:49:11 -0700684 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
Randy Dunlap3d6ac982007-05-23 13:58:16 -0700685 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
686 [MIPS] MIPS
687 [PARISC] cr16
688 [S390] tod
689 [SH] SuperH
690 [SPARC64] tick
691 [X86-64] hpet,tsc
692
Will Deacon46fd5c62016-06-27 17:30:13 +0100693 clocksource.arm_arch_timer.evtstrm=
694 [ARM,ARM64]
695 Format: <bool>
696 Enable/disable the eventstream feature of the ARM
697 architected timer so that code using WFE-based polling
698 loops can be debugged more effectively on production
699 systems.
700
Andi Kleenac72e782008-01-30 13:33:21 +0100701 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
702 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
Borislav Petkovcd4d09e2016-01-26 22:12:04 +0100703 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit
Randy Dunlap07983f02009-01-06 14:42:41 -0800704 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
Andi Kleenac72e782008-01-30 13:33:21 +0100705 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
706 ones should be.
707 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
708 or using the feature without checking anything
709 will still see it. This just prevents it from
710 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
711 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
712 some critical bits.
713
Akinobu Mita5ea3b1b2014-06-04 16:06:54 -0700714 cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]]
715 [ARM,X86,KNL]
716 Sets the size of kernel global memory area for
717 contiguous memory allocations and optionally the
718 placement constraint by the physical address range of
Jean Delvaref0d6d1f2014-10-09 15:29:41 -0700719 memory allocations. A value of 0 disables CMA
720 altogether. For more information, see
Marek Szyprowskic64be2b2011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100721 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
722
Robert Jennings14f966e2009-04-15 05:55:32 +0000723 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
724 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
725 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
726 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
727 a hypervisor.
728 Default: yes
729
Marek Szyprowskic7909502011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100730 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
731 Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
Marek Szyprowskie9da6e92012-07-30 09:11:33 +0200732 allocations, by default set to 256K.
Marek Szyprowskic7909502011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100733
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530734 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
Arjan van de Vena25bd942008-01-30 13:33:08 +0100735 in an oops report.
Chuck Ebbert86c41832007-02-13 13:26:25 +0100736 Range: 0 - 8192
737 Default: 64
738
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700739 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700740 Format:
741 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700742
743 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
744 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
745
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700746 com90xx= [HW,NET]
747 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700748 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
749
750 condev= [HW,S390] console device
751 conmode=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700752
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700753 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
754
755 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
756
757 ttyS<n>[,options]
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800758 ttyUSB0[,options]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700759 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800760 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
761 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
762 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
763 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700764
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800765 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
766 information. See
767 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
768 alternative.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700769
Yinghai Lu18a8bd92007-07-15 23:37:59 -0700770 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
771 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
Masahiro Yamadabd94c402015-10-28 12:46:05 +0900772 uart[8250],mmio16,<addr>[,options]
Peter Hurleyca782f12015-04-06 10:52:39 -0400773 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
774 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700775 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
776 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
Peter Hurleyca782f12015-04-06 10:52:39 -0400777 switching to the matching ttyS device later.
778 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
Masahiro Yamadabd94c402015-10-28 12:46:05 +0900779 (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32).
780 If none of [io|mmio|mmio16|mmio32], <addr> is assumed
781 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified in
782 the same format described for ttyS above; if unspecified,
Peter Hurleyca782f12015-04-06 10:52:39 -0400783 the h/w is not re-initialized.
784
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilka2fd6412013-02-25 15:54:09 -0500785 hvc<n> Use the hypervisor console device <n>. This is for
786 both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700787
Samuel Thibaultf7511d52008-04-30 00:54:51 -0700788 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
789 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
790 console=brl,ttyS0
791 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
792
Daniel Mackf324edc2009-06-16 15:33:52 -0700793 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
794 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
795 disables the blank timer.
796
Hidehiro Kawai4cb0e112009-01-06 14:42:47 -0800797 coredump_filter=
798 [KNL] Change the default value for
799 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
800 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
801
Len Brown62027ae2011-04-01 18:13:10 -0400802 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
803 disable the cpuidle sub-system
804
Len Brownd68921f2015-05-11 17:27:09 -0400805 cpu_init_udelay=N
806 [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert
807 of APIC INIT to start processors. This delay occurs
808 on every CPU online, such as boot, and resume from suspend.
809 Default: 10000
810
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700811 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700812 Format:
813 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700814
Ahmed S. Darwish6f21e642011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800815 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
816 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
817 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
818 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
819 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
820 is selected automatically. Check
821 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
Eric W. Biedermandc009d92005-06-25 14:57:52 -0700822
Bernhard Wallefb391592007-10-18 23:41:02 -0700823 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
824 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
825 in the running system. The syntax of range is
826 start-[end] where start and end are both
827 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
Ahmed S. Darwish6f21e642011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800828 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
Bernhard Wallefb391592007-10-18 23:41:02 -0700829
Yinghai Luadbc7422013-04-15 22:23:48 -0700830 crashkernel=size[KMG],high
Yinghai Lu55a20ee2013-04-15 22:23:47 -0700831 [KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel
832 to allocate physical memory region from top, so could
833 be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed.
834 Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if
835 available.
836 It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified.
Yinghai Luadbc7422013-04-15 22:23:48 -0700837 crashkernel=size[KMG],low
838 [KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high
839 is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region
Yinghai Luc729de82013-04-15 22:23:45 -0700840 above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system
841 that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb
Baoquan Hec6045032015-09-24 16:51:25 +0800842 requires at least 64M+32K low memory, also enough extra
843 low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit
844 devices won't run out. Kernel would try to allocate at
845 at least 256M below 4G automatically.
Yinghai Luc729de82013-04-15 22:23:45 -0700846 This one let user to specify own low range under 4G
847 for second kernel instead.
848 0: to disable low allocation.
Yinghai Luadbc7422013-04-15 22:23:48 -0700849 It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used
Yinghai Lu55a20ee2013-04-15 22:23:47 -0700850 or memory reserved is below 4G.
Yinghai Luc729de82013-04-15 22:23:45 -0700851
Richard W.M. Jones9e5c9fe2016-05-03 10:00:17 +0100852 cryptomgr.notests
853 [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests
854
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700855 cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
856 Format: <dma>
857
858 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
859 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700860
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700861 dasd= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700862 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
863
864 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
865 (one device per port)
866 Format: <port#>,<type>
867 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
868
Thomas Renningera648ec02010-08-06 16:11:02 +0200869 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
870 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
Jim Cromie29e36c92012-04-27 14:30:41 -0600871 details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
Thomas Renningera648ec02010-08-06 16:11:02 +0200872
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700873 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
874
Ingo Molnarcae2ed92006-07-03 00:24:48 -0700875 debug_locks_verbose=
876 [KNL] verbose self-tests
877 Format=<0|1>
878 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
879 self-tests.
880 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
881 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
882 only useful to kernel developers.
883
Thomas Gleixner3ac7fe52008-04-30 00:55:01 -0700884 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
885
Kyle McMartin3e8ebb52009-03-01 20:41:41 -0500886 no_debug_objects
887 [KNL] Disable object debugging
888
Stanislaw Gruszkac0a32fc52012-01-10 15:07:28 -0800889 debug_guardpage_minorder=
890 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
891 parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
892 be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
893 buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
894 of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
895 amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
896 possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
897 to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
898 memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
899 driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
900 random memory location. Note that there exists a class
901 of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
902 F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
903 memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
904 bypassed) which are not detectable by
905 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
906 tracking down these problems.
907
Joonsoo Kim031bc572014-12-12 16:55:52 -0800908 debug_pagealloc=
909 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
910 parameter enables the feature at boot time. In
911 default, it is disabled. We can avoid allocating huge
912 chunk of memory for debug pagealloc if we don't enable
913 it at boot time and the system will work mostly same
914 with the kernel built without CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
915 on: enable the feature
916
Thomas Gleixnerd3af01f2008-07-15 15:04:56 +0200917 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
918
Robert P. J. Day2d27a962008-02-03 15:18:45 +0200919 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700920 Format: <area>[,<node>]
921 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
922
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700923 default_hugepagesz=
924 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
925 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
926 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
927 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
928 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
929 if not specified.
Antonino A. Daplas55ff9782007-05-08 00:38:53 -0700930
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700931 dhash_entries= [KNL]
932 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700933
Oliver O'Halloranfaf78822016-07-05 11:43:21 +1000934 disable_1tb_segments [PPC]
935 Disables the use of 1TB hash page table segments. This
936 causes the kernel to fall back to 256MB segments which
937 can be useful when debugging issues that require an SLB
938 miss to occur.
939
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800940 disable= [IPV6]
941 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
942
Aneesh Kumar K.Vb275bfb2016-07-13 15:05:31 +0530943 disable_radix [PPC]
944 Disable RADIX MMU mode on POWER9
945
HATAYAMA Daisuke151e0c72014-01-15 15:44:58 +0900946 disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP]
947 Format: <int>
948 The number of initial APIC ID for the
949 corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot,
950 mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to
951 disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without
952 causing system reset or hang due to sending
953 INIT from AP to BSP.
954
Nishanth Aravamudan4e8b0cf2011-02-10 09:10:47 +0000955 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
956 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
957 to workaround buggy firmware.
958
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800959 disable_ipv6= [IPV6]
960 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
961
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700962 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700963 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
964 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700965 entry later. This parameter disables that.
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700966
Yinghai Lu093af8d2008-01-30 13:33:32 +0100967 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
Jesse Barnes99fc8d42008-01-30 13:33:18 +0100968 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
969 memory out of your available memory pool based on
970 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
971 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
972
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530973 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700974 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
975 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
976
Prarit Bhargavace14c582015-08-25 13:34:53 -0400977 dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the microcode loader.
978
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700979 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
980 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
981
982 dma_debug_entries=<number>
983 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
984 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
985 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
986 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
987 architectural default is too low.
988
Joerg Roedel1745de52009-05-22 21:49:51 +0200989 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
990 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
991 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
992 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
993 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
994 driver later using sysfs.
995
Bob Paauwe96206e22015-08-27 10:04:13 -0700996 drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>[,[<connector>:]<file>]
997 Broken monitors, graphic adapters, KVMs and EDIDless
998 panels may send no or incorrect EDID data sets.
999 This parameter allows to specify an EDID data sets
1000 in the /lib/firmware directory that are used instead.
Carsten Emdeda0df922012-03-18 22:37:33 +01001001 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
1002 edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
1003 edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
1004 and no file with the same name exists. Details and
1005 instructions how to build your own EDID data are
1006 available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID
1007 data set will only be used for a particular connector,
1008 if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
Bob Paauwe96206e22015-08-27 10:04:13 -07001009 name. Each connector may use a unique EDID data
1010 set by separating the files with a comma. An EDID
1011 data set with no connector name will be used for
1012 any connectors not explicitly specified.
Carsten Emdeda0df922012-03-18 22:37:33 +01001013
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001014 dscc4.setup= [NET]
1015
Jim Cromie29e36c92012-04-27 14:30:41 -06001016 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
1017 module.dyndbg[="val"]
1018 Enable debug messages at boot time. See
1019 Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details.
1020
Dave Hansen8c3641e2015-06-07 11:37:02 -07001021 nompx [X86] Disables Intel Memory Protection Extensions.
1022 See Documentation/x86/intel_mpx.txt for more
1023 information about the feature.
1024
Dave Hansen06976942016-02-12 13:02:29 -08001025 nopku [X86] Disable Memory Protection Keys CPU feature found
1026 in some Intel CPUs.
1027
Borislav Petkovf29ba612015-03-27 16:15:18 +01001028 eagerfpu= [X86]
1029 on enable eager fpu restore
1030 off disable eager fpu restore
1031 auto selects the default scheme, which automatically
1032 enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
1033
Luis R. Rodriguezf2411da2015-03-30 16:20:05 -07001034 module.async_probe [KNL]
1035 Enable asynchronous probe on this module.
1036
Mark Salter56aeeba2014-04-07 15:39:53 -07001037 early_ioremap_debug [KNL]
1038 Enable debug messages in early_ioremap support. This
1039 is useful for tracking down temporary early mappings
1040 which are not unmapped.
1041
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001042 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
Rob Herring0d3c6732014-04-18 17:19:57 -05001043
Scott Wood5664f762015-09-14 19:54:07 -05001044 When used with no options, the early console is
1045 determined by the stdout-path property in device
1046 tree's chosen node.
1047
Michal Simek6fa62fc2014-09-10 12:43:02 +02001048 cdns,<addr>
1049 Start an early, polled-mode console on a cadence serial
1050 port at the specified address. The cadence serial port
1051 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1052 yet supported.
1053
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001054 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
1055 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
Samium Gromoff1917ac72010-07-20 15:26:51 -07001056 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
Noam Camus6e63be32015-05-25 06:54:28 +03001057 uart[8250],mmio32be,<addr>[,options]
Peter Hurleyca782f12015-04-06 10:52:39 -04001058 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001059 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
1060 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001061 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
Noam Camus6e63be32015-05-25 06:54:28 +03001062 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be).
1063 If none of [io|mmio|mmio32|mmio32be], <addr> is assumed
1064 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified
1065 in the same format described for "console=ttyS<n>"; if
Peter Hurleyca782f12015-04-06 10:52:39 -04001066 unspecified, the h/w is not initialized.
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001067
Rob Herring0d3c6732014-04-18 17:19:57 -05001068 pl011,<addr>
Timur Tabi3b78fae2016-01-04 15:37:42 -06001069 pl011,mmio32,<addr>
Rob Herring0d3c6732014-04-18 17:19:57 -05001070 Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial
1071 port at the specified address. The pl011 serial port
1072 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
Timur Tabi3b78fae2016-01-04 15:37:42 -06001073 yet supported. If 'mmio32' is specified, then only
1074 the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write
1075 the device registers.
Rob Herring0d3c6732014-04-18 17:19:57 -05001076
Andreas Färber736d5532016-03-06 12:21:24 +01001077 meson,<addr>
1078 Start an early, polled-mode console on a meson serial
1079 port at the specified address. The serial port must
1080 already be setup and configured. Options are not yet
1081 supported.
1082
Stephen Boyd0efe7292014-09-15 17:22:51 -07001083 msm_serial,<addr>
1084 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1085 port at the specified address. The serial port
1086 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1087 yet supported.
1088
1089 msm_serial_dm,<addr>
1090 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1091 dm port at the specified address. The serial port
1092 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1093 yet supported.
1094
Rob Herringd50d7262014-04-18 17:19:58 -05001095 smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console.
1096
Tomasz Figab94ba032015-01-23 14:47:41 +01001097 s3c2410,<addr>
1098 s3c2412,<addr>
1099 s3c2440,<addr>
1100 s3c6400,<addr>
1101 s5pv210,<addr>
1102 exynos4210,<addr>
1103 Use early console provided by serial driver available
1104 on Samsung SoCs, requires selecting proper type and
1105 a correct base address of the selected UART port. The
1106 serial port must already be setup and configured.
1107 Options are not yet supported.
1108
Stefan Agner1d59b382015-10-17 00:45:55 -07001109 lpuart,<addr>
1110 lpuart32,<addr>
1111 Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver
1112 found on Freescale Vybrid and QorIQ LS1021A processors.
1113 A valid base address must be provided, and the serial
1114 port must already be setup and configured.
1115
Wilson Ding30530792016-02-16 19:14:53 +01001116 armada3700_uart,<addr>
1117 Start an early, polled-mode console on the
1118 Armada 3700 serial port at the specified
1119 address. The serial port must already be setup
1120 and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1121
Finn Thain7913ad12014-04-12 23:48:56 +10001122 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001123 earlyprintk=vga
Matt Fleming72548e82013-10-04 09:36:56 +01001124 earlyprintk=efi
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2482a922013-02-25 15:54:08 -05001125 earlyprintk=xen
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001126 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
Dave Hansen147ea092013-04-10 14:03:38 -07001127 earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]]
Jason Wesselea3acb12009-09-24 09:08:30 -05001128 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
Jason Wessel9780bc42009-08-20 15:39:57 -05001129 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
Alexander Kuleshovc43088e2015-06-10 23:21:15 +06001130 earlyprintk=pciserial,bus:device.function[,baudrate]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001131
Dave Hansen147ea092013-04-10 14:03:38 -07001132 earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before
1133 the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by
1134 default because it has some cosmetic problems.
1135
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001136 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001137 takes over.
1138
Matt Fleming72548e82013-10-04 09:36:56 +01001139 Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can
1140 be used at a time.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001141
Dave Hansen147ea092013-04-10 14:03:38 -07001142 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by
1143 name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified
1144 on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by
1145 replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this:
1146 earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200
1147 You can find the port for a given device in
1148 /proc/tty/driver/serial:
1149 2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ...
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001150
1151 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
1152 very good.
1153
Matt Fleming72548e82013-10-04 09:36:56 +01001154 The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by
1155 the real console.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001156
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2482a922013-02-25 15:54:08 -05001157 The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests.
1158
Chen, Gongc700f012013-12-06 01:17:08 -05001159 edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event
1160 Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"}
1161 on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden
1162 by other higher priority error reporting module.
1163 off: disable H/W event reporting through EDAC.
1164 force: enforce the use of EDAC to report H/W event.
1165 default: on.
1166
Jason Wessel97311912010-05-20 21:04:30 -05001167 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
1168 ekgdboc=kbd
1169
Lucas De Marchi25985ed2011-03-30 22:57:33 -03001170 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
Jason Wessel97311912010-05-20 21:04:30 -05001171 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
1172
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001173 edd= [EDD]
Tim Gardner8c4dd602008-04-29 01:02:45 -07001174 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001175
Borislav Petkovd2f7cbe2013-10-31 17:25:08 +01001176 efi= [EFI]
Borislav Petkovfed6cef2015-02-05 11:44:41 +01001177 Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug" }
Borislav Petkovd2f7cbe2013-10-31 17:25:08 +01001178 old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
1179 runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by
1180 default.
Matt Fleming5a17dae2014-08-05 11:52:11 +01001181 nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI
1182 boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some
1183 firmware implementations.
Dave Young5ae36832014-08-14 17:15:28 +08001184 noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support
Borislav Petkovfed6cef2015-02-05 11:44:41 +01001185 debug: enable misc debug output
Borislav Petkovd2f7cbe2013-10-31 17:25:08 +01001186
Richard Weinberger8c58bf32013-04-17 01:00:53 +02001187 efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
1188 Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
1189 your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if
1190 you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and
1191 fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick.
1192
Taku Izumi0f96a992015-09-30 23:01:56 +09001193 efi_fake_mem= nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa[,nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa,..] [EFI; X86]
1194 Add arbitrary attribute to specific memory range by
1195 updating original EFI memory map.
1196 Region of memory which aa attribute is added to is
1197 from ss to ss+nn.
1198 If efi_fake_mem=2G@4G:0x10000,2G@0x10a0000000:0x10000
1199 is specified, EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE(0x10000)
1200 attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and
1201 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000.
1202
1203 Using this parameter you can do debugging of EFI memmap
1204 related feature. For example, you can do debugging of
1205 Address Range Mirroring feature even if your box
1206 doesn't support it.
1207
Octavian Purdila475fb4e2016-07-08 19:13:12 +03001208 efivar_ssdt= [EFI; X86] Name of an EFI variable that contains an SSDT
1209 that is to be dynamically loaded by Linux. If there are
1210 multiple variables with the same name but with different
1211 vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded. See
1212 Documentation/acpi/ssdt-overlays.txt for details.
1213
1214
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001215 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
1216 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
1217
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001218 elanfreq= [X86-32]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001219 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
Pavel Machek71f77052008-07-04 09:59:43 -07001220 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001221
1222 elevator= [IOSCHED]
Randy Dunlap17a9e7b2010-11-11 12:09:59 +01001223 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +02001224 See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001225 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
1226
Michael Holzheud3bf37952011-10-30 15:16:37 +01001227 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001228 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
Michael Holzheud3bf37952011-10-30 15:16:37 +01001229 image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
1230 kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
Vivek Goyalaac04b32006-01-09 20:51:47 -08001231 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001232
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001233 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
1234 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
1235 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
1236 entry later. This parameter enables that.
1237
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -07001238 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001239 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
1240 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
1241 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
1242 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
1243
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001244 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
1245 Format: {"0" | "1"}
1246 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1247 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
1248 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
1249 Default value is 0.
1250 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
1251
Huang Yinga08f82d2010-05-18 14:35:21 +08001252 erst_disable [ACPI]
1253 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
1254 support.
1255
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001256 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
1257 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
1258 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
1259
Mimi Zohar7102ebc2011-05-12 18:33:20 -04001260 evm= [EVM]
1261 Format: { "fix" }
1262 Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
1263 current integrity status.
1264
Akinobu Mitade1ba092006-12-08 02:39:42 -08001265 failslab=
1266 fail_page_alloc=
1267 fail_make_request=[KNL]
1268 General fault injection mechanism.
1269 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +02001270 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
Akinobu Mitade1ba092006-12-08 02:39:42 -08001271
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001272 floppy= [HW]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00001273 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001274
Alex Chiangf13ae302008-05-08 14:03:23 -06001275 force_pal_cache_flush
1276 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
1277 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
1278 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
1279 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
1280
Chris Bainbridge69f23662014-03-07 18:40:42 +07001281 forcepae [X86-32]
1282 Forcefully enable Physical Address Extension (PAE).
1283 Many Pentium M systems disable PAE but may have a
1284 functionally usable PAE implementation.
1285 Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel
1286 and may cause unknown problems.
1287
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +01001288 ftrace=[tracer]
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -04001289 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +01001290 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
1291 boot debugging.
1292
Frederic Weisbeckercecbca92010-04-18 19:08:41 +02001293 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -04001294 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
Frederic Weisbeckercecbca92010-04-18 19:08:41 +02001295 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
1296 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
1297 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
1298 oops.
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -04001299
1300 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
1301 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
1302 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
1303 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
1304 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001305 tracing directory.
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -04001306
1307 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
1308 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
1309 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
1310 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
1311 tracing directory.
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +01001312
Stefan Assmann369bc182009-10-12 22:17:21 +02001313 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
1314 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
1315 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
1316 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
1317 that can be changed at run time by the
1318 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1319
Namhyung Kim0d7d9a12014-06-13 01:23:50 +09001320 ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list]
1321 [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in
1322 function-list. This list is a comma separated list of
1323 functions that can be changed at run time by the
1324 set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1325
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001326 gamecon.map[2|3]=
1327 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
1328 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
1329 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
1330 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1331
1332 gamma= [HW,DRM]
1333
Yinghai Luaaf23042008-01-30 13:33:09 +01001334 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
1335 Format: off | on
1336 default: on
1337
Peter Oberparleiter2521f2c2009-06-17 16:28:08 -07001338 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
1339 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
1340 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
1341 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
1342 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
1343
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001344 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
Davidlohr Bueso6c5de792014-01-23 15:56:03 -08001345 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the
1346 primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate
1347 GPT to be used instead.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001348
Andreas Larsson6cec9b02012-11-15 08:47:14 +01001349 grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines
1350 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1351 Format: 0 | 1
1352 Default: 0
1353 grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines
1354 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1355 Format: 0 | 1
1356 Default: 0
1357 grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use.
1358 Format: 0 | 1
1359 Default: 0
1360 grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer.
1361 Format: <unsigned int> such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1362 Default: 1024
1363 grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer.
1364 Format: <unsigned int> such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1365 Default: 1024
1366
Jiri Kosina55537872015-11-05 18:44:41 -08001367 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
1368 [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate
1369 backtraces on all cpus.
1370 Format: <integer>
1371
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001372 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
1373 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001374 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001375 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001376
1377 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
1378
1379 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
1380 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
1381
Huang Yingea8c0712010-05-18 14:35:15 +08001382 hest_disable [ACPI]
1383 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
1384 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
1385 logic will be disabled.
1386
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001387 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
1388 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
1389 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
1390 size on bigger boxes.
1391
Thomas Gleixner54cdfdb2007-02-16 01:28:11 -08001392 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
1393 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
1394 Default: "on"
1395
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001396 hisax= [HW,ISDN]
1397 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
1398
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001399 hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH]
1400
1401 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
1402 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
1403 verbose }
1404 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
1405 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
1406 VIA, nVidia)
1407 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
1408
Prarit Bhargava3d035f52013-11-12 15:08:33 -08001409 hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET
1410 registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT.
1411
Andi Kleenb4718e62008-07-23 21:27:51 -07001412 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
1413 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
Jon Tollefson0d9ea752008-07-23 21:27:56 -07001414 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
1415 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
1416 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
1417 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
Luiz Capitulino27ec26e2014-12-12 16:55:18 -08001418 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag).
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09001419
Hendrik Brueckner555d61d2009-01-09 12:15:02 +01001420 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
1421 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
Hendrik Brueckner431429f2009-03-26 15:23:55 +01001422 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
1423 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
1424 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
Hendrik Bruecknercef71252008-12-25 13:39:55 +01001425
James Hoganfdabf522012-10-09 11:00:27 +01001426 hwthread_map= [METAG] Comma-separated list of Linux cpu id to
1427 hardware thread id mappings.
1428 Format: <cpu>:<hwthread>
1429
Fabio M. Di Nitto7bf69392011-03-22 16:34:20 -07001430 keep_bootcon [KNL]
1431 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
1432 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
1433 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
1434 the real console.
1435
Jarkko Nikula3a853fb2009-03-23 18:07:47 -07001436 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
Jarkko Nikula79547632009-03-23 18:07:48 -07001437 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
1438 registered from board initialization code.
Jarkko Nikula3a853fb2009-03-23 18:07:47 -07001439 Format:
1440 <bus_id>,<clkrate>
1441
Jiri Kosina36d95732008-10-06 02:51:09 -04001442 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
Stephen Chandler Paule1443d22015-07-15 10:20:17 -07001443 i8042.unmask_kbd_data
1444 [HW] Enable printing of interrupt data from the KBD port
1445 (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition
1446 requires that i8042.debug=1 be enabled)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001447 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
Matt LaPlante84eb8d02006-10-03 22:53:09 +02001448 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
1449 keyboard and cannot control its state
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001450 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
1451 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
Dmitry Torokhov945ef0d2005-09-04 01:42:00 -05001452 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
Jiri Kosina75d08c72008-03-13 16:13:59 -04001453 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
1454 for the AUX port
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001455 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
Dmitry Torokhove55a3362014-10-31 09:35:53 -07001456 controller
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001457 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
1458 controllers
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +09001459 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001460 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
1461 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
Srihari Vijayaraghavan148e9a72015-01-07 16:25:53 -08001462 i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device connected to KBD port
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001463
1464 i810= [HW,DRM]
1465
Dmitry Torokhove70c9d52005-06-25 14:54:25 -07001466 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
1467 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
1468 hardware.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001469 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
1470 does not match list of supported models.
1471 i8k.power_status
1472 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
1473 (disabled by default)
1474 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
1475 capability is set.
1476
Carsten Emde4dca20e2012-03-15 15:56:26 +01001477 i915.invert_brightness=
Carsten Emde7bd90902012-03-15 15:56:25 +01001478 [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
1479 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
Carsten Emde4dca20e2012-03-15 15:56:26 +01001480 brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
1481 and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
1482 to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
1483 (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
1484 is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
1485 to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
1486 value switches the backlight off.
1487 -1 -- never invert brightness
1488 0 -- machine default
1489 1 -- force brightness inversion
Carsten Emde7bd90902012-03-15 15:56:25 +01001490
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001491 icn= [HW,ISDN]
1492 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
1493
David Fries0af80c02009-02-25 20:28:21 +01001494 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1495 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz075affc2009-06-07 13:52:52 +02001496 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
1497 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
Randy Dunlap1c10e932008-03-07 21:53:50 +01001498 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001499
Maciej W. Rozycki0f8b7f52014-10-25 17:03:52 +01001500 ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1501 Format: <int>
1502 Probe mask for legacy ISA IDE ports. Depending on
1503 platform up to 6 ports are supported, enabled by
1504 setting corresponding bits in the mask to 1. The
1505 default value is 0x0, which has a special meaning.
1506 On systems that have PCI, it triggers scanning the
1507 PCI bus for the first and the second port, which
1508 are then probed. On systems without PCI the value
1509 of 0x0 enables probing the two first ports as if it
1510 was 0x3.
1511
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001512 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1513 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
1514
Andi Kleenf039b752007-05-02 19:27:12 +02001515 idle= [X86]
Len Brown69fb3672013-02-10 01:38:39 -05001516 Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001517 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
1518 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
1519 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
1520 Not recommended.
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001521 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
Zhao Yakuic1e3b372008-06-24 17:58:53 +08001522 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001523 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001524
Maciej W. Rozycki503943e2015-11-13 00:48:29 +00001525 ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE Std 754 conformance mode
1526 Format: { strict | legacy | 2008 | relaxed }
1527 Default: strict
1528
1529 Choose which programs will be accepted for execution
1530 based on the IEEE 754 NaN encoding(s) supported by
1531 the FPU and the NaN encoding requested with the value
1532 of an ELF file header flag individually set by each
1533 binary. Hardware implementations are permitted to
1534 support either or both of the legacy and the 2008 NaN
1535 encoding mode.
1536
1537 Available settings are as follows:
1538 strict accept binaries that request a NaN encoding
1539 supported by the FPU
1540 legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported
1541 by the FPU
1542 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported
1543 by the FPU
1544 relaxed accept any binaries regardless of whether
1545 supported by the FPU
1546
1547 The FPU emulator is always able to support both NaN
1548 encodings, so if no FPU hardware is present or it has
1549 been disabled with 'nofpu', then the settings of
1550 'legacy' and '2008' strap the emulator accordingly,
1551 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and
1552 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on
1553 legacy processors and both NaN encodings on MIPS32 or
1554 MIPS64 CPUs.
1555
1556 The setting for ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt instruction execution
1557 mode generally follows that for the NaN encoding,
1558 except where unsupported by hardware.
1559
Ingo Molnar792908222006-12-06 20:40:51 -08001560 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
1561 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
1562 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
Yanmin Zhang0eca6b72011-10-31 17:11:25 -07001563 We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
1564 could change it dynamically, usually by
1565 /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
Ingo Molnar792908222006-12-06 20:40:51 -08001566
Konstantin Khlebnikovd977d562016-02-02 16:57:43 -08001567 ignore_rlimit_data
1568 Ignore RLIMIT_DATA setting for data mappings,
1569 print warning at first misuse. Can be changed via
1570 /sys/module/kernel/parameters/ignore_rlimit_data.
1571
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001572 ihash_entries= [KNL]
1573 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
1574
Mimi Zohar2fe5d6d2012-02-13 10:15:05 -05001575 ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements
Dmitry Kasatkin2faa6ef2014-05-08 13:11:29 +03001576 Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" | "log" }
Mimi Zohar2fe5d6d2012-02-13 10:15:05 -05001577 default: "enforce"
1578
Mimi Zohar07f6a792011-03-09 22:25:48 -05001579 ima_appraise_tcb [IMA]
1580 The builtin appraise policy appraises all files
1581 owned by uid=0.
1582
Mimi Zohar3323eec92009-02-04 09:06:58 -05001583 ima_hash= [IMA]
Mimi Zohare7a2ad72013-06-07 12:16:37 +02001584 Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384
1585 | sha512 | ... }
Mimi Zohar3323eec92009-02-04 09:06:58 -05001586 default: "sha1"
1587
Mimi Zohare7a2ad72013-06-07 12:16:37 +02001588 The list of supported hash algorithms is defined
1589 in crypto/hash_info.h.
1590
Mimi Zohar24fd03c2015-06-11 20:48:33 -04001591 ima_policy= [IMA]
1592 The builtin measurement policy to load during IMA
1593 setup. Specyfing "tcb" as the value, measures all
1594 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1595 opened with the read mode bit set by either the
1596 effective uid (euid=0) or uid=0.
1597 Format: "tcb"
1598
1599 ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead.
Eric Paris5789ba32009-05-21 15:47:06 -04001600 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
1601 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
1602 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1603 opened for read by uid=0.
1604
Roberto Sassu9b9d4ce2013-06-07 12:16:35 +02001605 ima_template= [IMA]
1606 Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats.
Roberto Sassu8265a2f2015-04-11 17:07:03 +02001607 Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" }
Roberto Sassu9b9d4ce2013-06-07 12:16:35 +02001608 Default: "ima-ng"
1609
Roberto Sassuc2426d22014-10-13 14:08:42 +02001610 ima_template_fmt=
1611 [IMA] Define a custom template format.
1612 Format: { "field1|...|fieldN" }
1613
Dmitry Kasatkin3bcced32014-02-26 17:05:20 +02001614 ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file size for asynchronous hash usage
1615 Format: <min_file_size>
1616 Set the minimal file size for using asynchronous hash.
1617 If left unspecified, ahash usage is disabled.
1618
1619 ahash performance varies for different data sizes on
1620 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
1621 to achieve the best performance for a particular HW.
1622
Dmitry Kasatkin6edf7a82014-05-06 14:47:13 +03001623 ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous hash buffer size
1624 Format: <bufsize>
1625 Set hashing buffer size. Default: 4k.
1626
1627 ahash performance varies for different chunk sizes on
1628 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
1629 to achieve best performance for particular HW.
1630
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001631 init= [KNL]
1632 Format: <full_path>
1633 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
1634 process.
1635
1636 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
1637 for working out where the kernel is dying during
1638 startup.
1639
Prarit Bhargava7b0b73d2014-06-04 16:12:17 -07001640 initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of
1641 initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in
1642 modules and initcalls.
1643
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001644 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
1645
1646 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
1647 Format: <irq>
1648
Fenghua Yu6bb2ff82013-05-21 15:35:17 -04001649 int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt
1650
Mimi Zohard726d8d2013-03-18 14:48:02 -04001651 integrity_audit=[IMA]
1652 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1653 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default)
1654 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages.
1655
Keshavamurthy, Anil Sba395922007-10-21 16:41:49 -07001656 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
Kyle McMartin0cd5c3c2009-02-04 14:29:19 -08001657 on
1658 Enable intel iommu driver.
Keshavamurthy, Anil Sba395922007-10-21 16:41:49 -07001659 off
1660 Disable intel iommu driver.
1661 igfx_off [Default Off]
1662 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
1663 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
1664 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
1665 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
1666 DMA.
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001667 forcedac [x86_64]
1668 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001669 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001670 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001671 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
1672 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001673 then look in the higher range.
mark gross5e0d2a62008-03-04 15:22:08 -08001674 strict [Default Off]
1675 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1676 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1677 to batching them for performance.
Youquan Song6dd9a7c2011-05-25 19:13:49 +01001678 sp_off [Default Off]
1679 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
1680 has the capability. With this option, super page will
1681 not be supported.
David Woodhousec83b2f22015-06-12 10:15:49 +01001682 ecs_off [Default Off]
1683 By default, extended context tables will be supported if
1684 the hardware advertises that it has support both for the
1685 extended tables themselves, and also PASID support. With
1686 this option set, extended tables will not be used even
1687 on hardware which claims to support them.
Masanari Iida2e92c7a2011-12-15 01:18:52 +09001688
1689 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
1690 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
1691 1 to 6 specify maximum depth of C-state.
1692
Dirk Brandewie6be26492013-02-15 22:55:10 +01001693 intel_pstate= [X86]
1694 disable
1695 Do not enable intel_pstate as the default
1696 scaling driver for the supported processors
Ethan Zhaoaa4ea342014-12-09 10:43:19 +09001697 force
1698 Enable intel_pstate on systems that prohibit it by default
1699 in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver
1700 instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such
1701 as thermal controls and power capping, that rely on ACPI
1702 P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore
1703 should be used with caution. This option does not work with
1704 processors that aren't supported by the intel_pstate driver
1705 or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq.
Dirk Brandewie2f86dc42014-11-06 09:40:47 -08001706 no_hwp
1707 Do not enable hardware P state control (HWP)
1708 if available.
Kristen Carlson Accardid64c3b02015-02-06 13:41:55 -08001709 hwp_only
1710 Only load intel_pstate on systems which support
1711 hardware P state control (HWP) if available.
Srinivas Pandruvada9522a2f2016-04-27 15:48:06 -07001712 support_acpi_ppc
Srinivas Pandruvada2b3ec762016-04-27 15:48:08 -07001713 Enforce ACPI _PPC performance limits. If the Fixed ACPI
1714 Description Table, specifies preferred power management
1715 profile as "Enterprise Server" or "Performance Server",
1716 then this feature is turned on by default.
Dirk Brandewie6be26492013-02-15 22:55:10 +01001717
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001718 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001719 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
1720 off disable Interrupt Remapping
1721 nosid disable Source ID checking
Suresh Siddha41750d32011-08-23 17:05:18 -07001722 no_x2apic_optout
1723 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
Feng Wub7d20632015-09-18 22:29:56 +08001724 nopost disable Interrupt Posting
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001725
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001726 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1727 strict regions from userspace.
1728 relaxed
1729
1730 iommu= [x86]
1731 off
1732 force
1733 noforce
1734 biomerge
1735 panic
1736 nopanic
1737 merge
1738 nomerge
1739 forcesac
1740 soft
Alex Williamsonbcb71ab2011-10-21 15:56:24 -04001741 pt [x86, IA-64]
Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo4e287842014-10-23 19:19:35 -02001742 nobypass [PPC/POWERNV]
1743 Disable IOMMU bypass, using IOMMU for PCI devices.
Alex Williamsonbcb71ab2011-10-21 15:56:24 -04001744
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001745
1746 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1747 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1748 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1749
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301750 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
Ingo Molnar6e7c4022008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001751 0x80
1752 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1753 0xed
1754 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
Rene Hermanb02aae92008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001755 udelay
Ingo Molnar6e7c4022008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001756 Simple two microseconds delay
1757 none
1758 No delay
Rene Hermanb02aae92008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001759
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001760 ip= [IP_PNP]
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04001761 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001762
Thomas Gleixnerfbf19802016-02-03 19:52:23 +01001763 irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask
1764 Format:
1765 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1766 or
1767 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1768 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1769 or a mixture
1770 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1771
Alan Cox200803d2005-06-28 20:45:18 -07001772 irqfixup [HW]
1773 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1774 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1775 firmware running.
1776
1777 irqpoll [HW]
1778 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1779 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1780 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1781 firmware running.
1782
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001783 isapnp= [ISAPNP]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001784 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001785
1786 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
Derek Fults22f2e282006-12-06 20:37:11 -08001787 Format:
1788 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1789 or
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001790 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1791 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
Derek Fults22f2e282006-12-06 20:37:11 -08001792 or a mixture
1793 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001794
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001795 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1796 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001797 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1798 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001799 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1800 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1801
1802 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001803 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1804 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1805 suboptimal load balancer performance.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001806
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001807 iucv= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001808
Joerg Roedel7d8bfa22013-04-09 21:27:19 +02001809 ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64]
1810 Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1811 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
1812 example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to
1813 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
1814 ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0
1815
1816 ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64]
1817 Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1818 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
1819 example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to
1820 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
1821 ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0
1822
Suravee Suthikulpanitca3bf5d2016-04-01 09:06:01 -04001823 ivrs_acpihid [HW,X86_64]
1824 Provide an override to the ACPI-HID:UID<->DEVICE-ID
1825 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
1826 example, to map UART-HID:UID AMD0020:0 to
1827 PCI device 00:14.5 write the parameter as:
1828 ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0
1829
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001830 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1831 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1832
Kees Cook65fe9352016-06-13 15:10:02 -07001833 nokaslr [KNL]
1834 When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables
1835 kernel and module base offset ASLR (Address Space
1836 Layout Randomization).
Kees Cook24f2e022014-06-13 13:30:36 -07001837
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001838 keepinitrd [HW,ARM]
1839
Taku Izumi342332e2016-03-15 14:55:22 -07001840 kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
1841 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | "mirror"
1842 This parameter
Mel Gormaned7ed362007-07-17 04:03:14 -07001843 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1844 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1845 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1846 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1847 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1848 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1849 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
Weiping Pan675217f2013-09-30 13:45:10 -07001850 of Movable pages. The Movable zone is used for the
Mel Gormaned7ed362007-07-17 04:03:14 -07001851 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1852 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1853 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1854 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1855 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1856 zone if it does not.
1857
Taku Izumi342332e2016-03-15 14:55:22 -07001858 Instead of specifying the amount of memory (nn[KMGTPE]),
1859 you can specify "mirror" option. In case "mirror"
1860 option is specified, mirrored (reliable) memory is used
1861 for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used
1862 for Movable pages. nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" are exclusive,
1863 so you can NOT specify nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" at the same
1864 time.
1865
Jason Wessel4fe1da42010-05-20 21:04:31 -05001866 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1867 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1868 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1869 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1870 optional and is the number seconds in between
1871 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1872 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1873 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1874 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1875 the kernel debugger.
1876
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001877 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
Jason Wesselada64e42010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001878 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1879 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
Jason Wessel65b5ac12010-08-05 09:22:33 -05001880 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1881 keyboard only format: kbd
1882 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1883 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1884 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1885 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
Jason Wessel6cdf6e02008-04-17 20:05:38 +02001886
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001887 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1888 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1889
Florian Fainelli9bed90c62008-08-23 18:54:37 +02001890 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1891 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1892 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1893
Catalin Marinas04f70332009-06-11 13:22:39 +01001894 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1895 Valid arguments: on, off
1896 Default: on
Masanari Iida47aeedd2014-10-24 21:24:59 +09001897 Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y,
1898 the default is off.
Catalin Marinas04f70332009-06-11 13:22:39 +01001899
Xishi Qiuc3ac14b2014-01-23 15:53:33 -08001900 kmemcheck= [X86] Boot-time kmemcheck enable/disable/one-shot mode
1901 Valid arguments: 0, 1, 2
1902 kmemcheck=0 (disabled)
1903 kmemcheck=1 (enabled)
1904 kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode)
1905 Default: 2 (one-shot mode)
1906
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301907 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001908 in oops dumps.
1909
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001910 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1911 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1912
Xiao Guangronga182d872010-09-20 22:17:48 +08001913 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1914 KVM MMU at runtime.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001915 Default is 0 (off)
1916
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001917 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
Xiao Guangrong8475f942010-09-20 22:16:45 +08001918 Default is 1 (enabled)
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001919
1920 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1921 for all guests.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001922 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001923
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001924 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1925 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1926 Default is 1 (enabled)
1927
1928 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1929 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1930 Default is 0 (disabled)
1931
1932 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1933 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1934 Default is 1 (enabled)
1935
Sasha Levine1a72ae2011-08-09 14:28:35 +03001936 kvm-intel.nested=
1937 [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
1938 Default is 0 (disabled)
1939
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001940 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1941 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1942 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1943 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1944
1945 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1946 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1947 Default is 1 (enabled)
1948
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001949 l2cr= [PPC]
1950
Robert Brosea78bfbf2008-03-29 07:20:23 +11001951 l3cr= [PPC]
1952
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001953 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001954 disabled it.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001955
Suresh Siddha279f1462012-10-22 14:37:58 -07001956 lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline
1957 value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default
1958 back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC.
1959
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301960 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001961 in C2 power state.
Thomas Gleixnere585bef2007-03-23 16:08:01 +01001962
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001963 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1964 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1965 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1966 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001967 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001968 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1969 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001970
Michael Prokop20308872009-08-06 00:14:10 +02001971 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1972 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1973 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001974
Dave Jones78e70c22007-09-27 11:50:13 -04001975 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1976 when set.
1977 Format: <int>
1978
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09001979 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1980 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
Roman Fietze4c44f302010-04-21 12:17:12 +02001981 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09001982 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1983 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1984 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1985 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1986 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1987
1988 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1989 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1990 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1991 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1992 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1993 host link and device attached to it.
1994
1995 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1996 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1997 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1998 The following configurations can be forced.
1999
2000 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
2001 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
2002
2003 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
2004
2005 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
2006 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
2007 allowed.
2008
2009 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
2010
Martin K. Petersend7b16e42015-05-04 21:54:18 -04002011 * [no]ncqtrim: Turn off queued DSM TRIM.
2012
Tejun Heo05944bd2008-08-13 20:19:09 +09002013 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
2014 and both resets.
2015
Dan Williamsca6d43b2012-06-21 23:41:41 -07002016 * rstonce: only attempt one reset during
2017 hot-unplug link recovery
2018
Tejun Heo43c9c592010-05-23 12:59:11 +02002019 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
2020
Vincent Pelletier966fbe12013-05-21 22:30:58 +02002021 * atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support
2022
Robin H. Johnsonb8bd6dc2013-12-16 09:31:19 -08002023 * disable: Disable this device.
2024
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09002025 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
2026 the same attribute, the last one is used.
2027
Yinghai Lu95f72d12010-07-12 14:36:09 +10002028 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
Randy Dunlap7c4be2532009-01-06 14:42:44 -08002029
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002030 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002031 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002032
Randy Dunlapa6b25b62006-01-14 13:21:19 -08002033 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
2034 Format: <integer>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002035
Randy Dunlapa6b25b62006-01-14 13:21:19 -08002036 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
2037 Format: <integer>
2038
2039 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
2040 Format: <integer>
2041
2042 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
2043 Format: <integer>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002044
Paul E. McKenneyec4518a2014-09-12 10:50:01 -07002045 locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL]
2046 Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads.
2047 Defaults to being automatically set based on the
2048 number of online CPUs.
2049
2050 locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL]
2051 Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads.
2052
2053 locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
2054 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
2055
2056 locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
2057 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
2058 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
2059
2060 locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
2061 Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling
2062 tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle
2063 mode during the locktorture test.
2064
2065 locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
2066 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
2067 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
2068
2069 locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
2070 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
2071
2072 locktorture.stutter= [KNL]
2073 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example,
2074 specifying five seconds causes the test to run for
2075 five seconds, wait for five seconds, and so on.
2076 This tests the locking primitive's ability to
2077 transition abruptly to and from idle.
2078
2079 locktorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT]
2080 Start locktorture running at boot time.
2081
2082 locktorture.torture_type= [KNL]
2083 Specify the locking implementation to test.
2084
2085 locktorture.verbose= [KNL]
2086 Enable additional printk() statements.
2087
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002088 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
2089 Format: <irq>
2090
2091 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
2092 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
2093 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
2094 loglevels are defined as follows:
2095
2096 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
2097 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
2098 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
2099 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
2100 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
2101 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
2102 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
2103 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
2104
Randy Dunlapc756d082011-02-20 20:08:35 -08002105 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
Luis R. Rodriguez23b28992014-08-06 16:08:56 -07002106 in bytes. n must be a power of two and greater
2107 than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined
2108 by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is
2109 also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config parameter
2110 that allows to increase the default size depending on
2111 the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002112
Randy Dunlapaccaa242007-10-16 01:29:37 -07002113 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
2114 This may be used to provide more screen space for
2115 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
2116 kernel boot problems.
2117
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002118 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
2119 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
2120 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
2121 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
2122 specified in addition to the ports) causes
2123 attached printers to be reset. Using
2124 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
2125 to associate lp devices with, starting with
2126 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
2127 that lp device, or a parport name such as
2128 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
2129 port specification list means that device IDs
2130 from each port should be examined, to see if
2131 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
2132 so, the driver will manage that printer.
2133 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
2134
2135 lpj=n [KNL]
2136 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
2137 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
2138 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
2139 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
2140 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
2141 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
2142 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
2143 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
2144 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
2145 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
2146 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
2147 hardware.
2148
2149 ltpc= [NET]
2150 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
2151
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07002152 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002153 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
2154 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002155
Wu Zhangjin3209e702009-07-02 23:27:12 +08002156 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
2157 yeeloong laptop.
2158 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
2159
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002160 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
2161 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002162
2163 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
Len Brown61ec7562007-08-16 03:34:22 -04002164 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
2165 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
2166 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
2167 the IO APIC.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002168
Kay Sieversd134b002011-07-31 22:08:04 +02002169 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
2170 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
2171 number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
2172 of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
2173 devices can be requested on-demand with the
2174 /dev/loop-control interface.
Bob Picco2b2c3752005-06-29 18:00:00 -07002175
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002176 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002177
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -07002178 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
Andi Kleen909dd322007-10-17 18:04:38 +02002179
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002180 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
2181 See Documentation/md.txt.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002182
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002183 mdacon= [MDA]
2184 Format: <first>,<last>
2185 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002186
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002187 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
2188 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
2189 to see the whole system memory or for test.
Wen Congyangfbb97d82012-12-17 15:59:29 -08002190 [X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together
2191 with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions.
2192 Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses
2193 belonging to unused RAM.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002194
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002195 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002196 memory.
2197
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09002198 memchunk=nn[KMG]
2199 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
2200 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
2201
Vitaly Kuznetsov86dd9952016-05-19 17:13:06 -07002202 memhp_default_state=online/offline
2203 [KNL] Set the initial state for the memory hotplug
2204 onlining policy. If not specified, the default value is
2205 set according to the
2206 CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE kernel config
2207 option.
2208 See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt.
2209
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302210 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002211 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
2212 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
2213 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
2214 option description.
2215
2216 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
Randy Dunlap277cba12014-02-06 12:04:19 -08002217 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory.
2218 Region of memory to be used is from ss to ss+nn.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002219
2220 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
2221 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
Randy Dunlap277cba12014-02-06 12:04:19 -08002222 Region of memory to be marked is from ss to ss+nn.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002223
2224 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
2225 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
Randy Dunlap277cba12014-02-06 12:04:19 -08002226 Region of memory to be reserved is from ss to ss+nn.
Pavel Machek13128482008-03-24 12:29:43 -07002227 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
2228 memmap=64K$0x18690000
2229 or
2230 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002231
Christoph Hellwigec776ef2015-04-01 09:12:18 +02002232 memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG]
2233 [KNL,X86] Mark specific memory as protected.
2234 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
2235 The memory region may be marked as e820 type 12 (0xc)
2236 and is NVDIMM or ADR memory.
2237
Jeremy Fitzhardinge9f077872008-09-07 01:51:34 -07002238 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
2239 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
2240 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
2241 Setting this option will scan the memory
2242 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
2243 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
2244 from using the memory being corrupted.
2245 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
2246 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
2247 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
2248 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
2249
2250 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
2251 By default it checks for corruption in the low
2252 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
2253 use. Use this parameter to scan for
2254 corruption in more or less memory.
2255
2256 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
2257 By default it checks for corruption every 60
2258 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
2259 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
2260
Vladimir Murzine4b0db72015-04-14 15:48:43 -07002261 memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM] Enable memtest
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07002262 Format: <integer>
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07002263 default : 0 <disable>
Andreas Herrmann9e5f6cf2009-02-25 11:30:45 +01002264 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
2265 performed. Each pass selects another test
2266 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
2267 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
2268 memory contents and reserves bad memory
2269 regions that are detected.
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07002270
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002271 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
2272 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
2273
Andres Salomon8f368812007-10-12 23:04:06 +02002274 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
2275 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
2276 platforms.
2277
Willy Tarreaue6c4dc62008-01-30 13:33:33 +01002278 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
2279 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
2280 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
2281 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
2282
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002283 mga= [HW,DRM]
2284
Randy Dunlap1c207f92008-11-19 15:36:16 -08002285 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
2286 physical address is ignored.
2287
Michel Pollet39f45d72009-05-20 11:10:31 +01002288 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
2289 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
2290 Default: "0tb"
2291 MINI2440 configuration specification:
2292 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
2293 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
2294 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
2295 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
2296 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
2297 unconfigured.
2298 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
2299 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
2300 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
2301 VGA shield.
2302 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
2303 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
2304 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
2305 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
2306 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
2307 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
2308
Mel Gorman6b74ab92008-07-23 21:26:49 -07002309 mminit_loglevel=
2310 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
2311 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
2312 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
2313 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
2314 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
2315 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
2316
Rusty Russell106a4ee2012-09-26 10:09:40 +01002317 module.sig_enforce
2318 [KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that
2319 modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load.
Paul Bolle2a039be2013-03-25 20:42:06 +01002320 Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that
Rusty Russell106a4ee2012-09-26 10:09:40 +01002321 is always true, so this option does nothing.
2322
Prarit Bhargavabe7de5f2016-07-21 15:37:56 +09302323 module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load a comma-separated list of
2324 modules. Useful for debugging problem modules.
2325
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002326 mousedev.tap_time=
2327 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
2328 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
2329 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
2330 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
2331 Format: <msecs>
2332 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
2333 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
2334 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
2335 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
2336
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302337 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002338 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
2339 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
2340 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
2341 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
2342 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
2343 is specified, the administrator must be careful
2344 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
2345 is not too small.
2346
Tang Chenc5320922013-11-12 15:08:10 -08002347 movable_node [KNL,X86] Boot-time switch to enable the effects
2348 of CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE=y. See mm/Kconfig for details.
2349
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002350 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
2351 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
2352
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002353 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
2354 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002355
2356 mtdparts= [MTD]
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -07002357 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002358
Will Schmidt4e89a2d2010-09-28 15:33:12 +00002359 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
2360 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
2361 at a time.
2362
Rohit Hagargundgi5988af22009-05-12 13:46:57 -07002363 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
2364
2365 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
2366
2367 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
2368 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
2369 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
2370 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
2371 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
2372
Ben Dooks9db829f2008-07-03 11:24:29 +01002373 mtdset= [ARM]
2374 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
2375
2376 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
2377
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002378 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002379 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
2380 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002381
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002382 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
Matt LaPlante19f59462009-04-27 15:06:31 +02002383 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002384 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
2385
2386 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
2387 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
2388 Default is 1.
2389 Large value could prevent small alignment from
2390 using up MTRRs.
2391
2392 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
2393 Format: <integer>
2394 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
2395 Default : 1
2396 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
2397 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
2398
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002399 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
2400
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002401 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
2402 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
2403 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
2404 something different and driver-specific.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002405 This usage is only documented in each driver source
2406 file if at all.
2407
Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki58401572008-07-21 10:01:34 -07002408 nf_conntrack.acct=
2409 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
2410 0 to disable accounting
2411 1 to enable accounting
Tim Gardnerd70a0112010-06-25 14:46:56 +02002412 Default value is 0.
Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki58401572008-07-21 10:01:34 -07002413
Chuck Lever306a0752010-09-17 10:54:37 -04002414 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04002415 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002416
2417 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04002418 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002419
Chuck Lever306a0752010-09-17 10:54:37 -04002420 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
2421 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
2422
Trond Myklebusta72b4422006-01-03 09:55:41 +01002423 nfs.callback_tcpport=
2424 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
2425 channel should listen.
2426
Trond Myklebuste571cbf2009-08-19 18:12:27 -04002427 nfs.cache_getent=
2428 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
2429 to update the NFS client cache entries.
2430
2431 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
2432 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
2433 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
2434
Trond Myklebust58df0952006-01-03 09:55:57 +01002435 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
2436 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
2437 entries.
2438
Trond Myklebustf43bf0b2007-10-09 12:01:04 -04002439 nfs.enable_ino64=
2440 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
2441 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
2442 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
2443 of returning the full 64-bit number.
2444 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
2445
Trond Myklebustef159e92012-02-06 19:50:40 -05002446 nfs.max_session_slots=
2447 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
2448 the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
2449 This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
2450 that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
2451 Note that there is little point in setting this
2452 value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
2453
Trond Myklebustb064eca22011-02-22 15:44:32 -08002454 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
Trond Myklebust074b1d12012-01-09 13:46:26 -05002455 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
2456 ensures that both the RPC level authentication
2457 scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
2458 numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
2459 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
2460 disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
2461 legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
2462 Servers that do not support this mode of operation
2463 will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
2464 back to using the idmapper.
2465 To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
Chuck Lever6f2ea7f2012-09-14 17:24:41 -04002466 nfs.nfs4_unique_id=
2467 [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident-
2468 ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into
2469 their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a
2470 UUID that is generated at system install time.
Trond Myklebustb064eca22011-02-22 15:44:32 -08002471
Weston Andros Adamsondb8ac8b2012-02-17 15:20:24 -05002472 nfs.send_implementation_id =
2473 [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
2474 information in exchange_id requests.
2475 If zero, no implementation identification information
2476 will be sent.
2477 The default is to send the implementation identification
2478 information.
Trond Myklebustf6de7a32013-09-04 10:08:54 -04002479
2480 nfs.recover_lost_locks =
2481 [NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due
2482 to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that
2483 doing this risks data corruption, since there are
2484 no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged
2485 after the locks are lost.
2486 If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of
2487 attempting to recover these locks, then set this
2488 parameter to '1'.
2489 The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel
2490 not to attempt recovery of lost locks.
Weston Andros Adamsondb8ac8b2012-02-17 15:20:24 -05002491
Trond Myklebustbbf58bf2015-08-24 20:39:18 -04002492 nfs4.layoutstats_timer =
2493 [NFSv4.2] Change the rate at which the kernel sends
2494 layoutstats to the pNFS metadata server.
2495
2496 Setting this to value to 0 causes the kernel to use
2497 whatever value is the default set by the layout
2498 driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval
2499 in seconds between layoutstats transmissions.
2500
J. Bruce Fieldse9541ce2012-03-22 16:07:18 -04002501 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
2502 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
2503 server will return only numeric uids and gids to
2504 clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
2505 and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
2506 migration from NFSv2/v3.
Weston Andros Adamsondb8ac8b2012-02-17 15:20:24 -05002507
Sachin Bhamare18d98f62012-03-19 20:47:58 -07002508 objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog=
2509 [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which
2510 is used to automatically discover and login into new
2511 osd-targets. Please see:
2512 Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations
2513
Paul Mundt1e1030d2009-09-01 17:38:32 +09002514 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
Haavard Skinnemoene7ba1762007-10-10 14:58:29 +02002515 when a NMI is triggered.
2516 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
2517
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302518 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
Don Zickusfef2c9b2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07002519 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
Ulrich Obergfell195daf62015-04-14 15:44:13 -07002520 Valid num: 0 or 1
Pranith Kumar334bb792015-10-10 15:40:42 -04002521 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off
2522 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002523 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
Don Zickusfef2c9b2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07002524 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
Pranith Kumar334bb792015-10-10 15:40:42 -04002525 default). To disable both hard and soft lockup detectors,
2526 please see 'nowatchdog'.
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002527 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
2528 need the box quickly up again.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002529
Anton Vorontsovbff38772009-07-08 11:10:56 -07002530 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
2531 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
2532 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
2533 waits 4 seconds.
2534
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002535 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002536 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
2537 is present.
2538
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002539 no_console_suspend
2540 [HW] Never suspend the console
2541 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
2542 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
2543 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
2544 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
2545 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
2546 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
2547 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
Yanmin Zhang134620f2011-10-31 17:11:27 -07002548 To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
2549 console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
2550 it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
2551 /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
2552 turn on/off it dynamically.
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002553
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002554 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
2555 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
2556 but will impact performance.
Paul Menage3395ee02006-12-06 20:32:16 -08002557
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002558 noalign [KNL,ARM]
2559
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002560 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
2561 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
2562
Mike Galbraith5091faa2010-11-30 14:18:03 +01002563 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
2564
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002565 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
2566 on "Classic" PPC cores.
2567
2568 nocache [ARM]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002569
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002570 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
2571
Shailabh Nagar163ecdf2006-07-30 03:03:11 -07002572 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
2573
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002574 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
2575
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09002576 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
2577
Dave Youngb2e0a542014-08-14 17:15:26 +08002578 noefi Disable EFI runtime services support.
Huang, Ying8b2cb7a2008-01-30 13:32:11 +01002579
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002580 noexec [IA-64]
2581
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302582 noexec [X86]
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02002583 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002584 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02002585 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
2586
H. Peter Anvin52b61792012-09-21 12:43:13 -07002587 nosmap [X86]
2588 Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
2589 even if it is supported by processor.
2590
Fenghua Yude5397a2011-05-11 16:51:05 -07002591 nosmep [X86]
H. Peter Anvin52b61792012-09-21 12:43:13 -07002592 Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
Fenghua Yude5397a2011-05-11 16:51:05 -07002593 even if it is supported by processor.
2594
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02002595 noexec32 [X86-64]
2596 This affects only 32-bit executables.
2597 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
2598 read doesn't imply executable mappings
2599 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
2600 read implies executable mappings
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002601
Maciej W. Rozyckifab43ef2015-04-03 23:23:34 +01002602 nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09002603
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002604 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
Chuck Ebbert4f886512006-03-23 02:59:34 -08002605 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
2606 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002607
Toshi Kani0ddab1d2015-04-14 15:47:20 -07002608 nohugeiomap [KNL,x86] Disable kernel huge I/O mappings.
2609
Sascha Silbe52c48c52016-04-05 12:53:38 +02002610 nosmt [KNL,S390] Disable symmetric multithreading (SMT).
2611 Equivalent to smt=1.
2612
Suresh Siddha0c752a92009-05-22 12:17:45 -07002613 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
2614 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
2615 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
2616
Fenghua Yub6f42a42014-05-29 11:12:31 -07002617 noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveopt used in saving x86 extended
2618 register states. The kernel will fall back to use
2619 xsave to save the states. By using this parameter,
2620 performance of saving the states is degraded because
2621 xsave doesn't support modified optimization while
2622 xsaveopt supports it on xsaveopt enabled systems.
2623
2624 noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves and xrstors used in saving and
2625 restoring x86 extended register state in compacted
2626 form of xsave area. The kernel will fall back to use
2627 xsaveopt and xrstor to save and restore the states
2628 in standard form of xsave area. By using this
2629 parameter, xsave area per process might occupy more
2630 memory on xsaves enabled systems.
2631
Paulius Zaleckas01a24d22009-03-31 13:55:44 +01002632 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
2633 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
2634 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002635
Serge E. Hallyn1f29fae2008-11-05 16:08:52 -06002636 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
2637 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
2638 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
2639
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002640 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
2641 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
2642 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
2643 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
2644 in certain environments such as networked servers or
2645 real-time systems.
2646
Kees Cooka6e15a32014-06-13 13:30:35 -07002647 nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume.
2648
Thomas Gleixner79bf2bb2007-02-16 01:28:03 -08002649 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
2650 Valid arguments: on, off
2651 Default: on
2652
Frederic Weisbeckerc5bfece2013-04-12 16:45:34 +02002653 nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT]
2654 In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set
Frederic Weisbeckera8318812012-12-18 17:32:19 +01002655 the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped
Frederic Weisbecker0453b432013-03-27 02:18:34 +01002656 whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside
2657 the range to maintain the timekeeping.
Frederic Weisbeckerd1e43fa2013-03-26 23:47:24 +01002658 The CPUs in this range must also be included in the
2659 rcu_nocbs= set.
Frederic Weisbeckera8318812012-12-18 17:32:19 +01002660
Paul Mundteeee7852009-04-02 12:31:16 +09002661 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
2662
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002663 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002664 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
2665
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302666 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
Zachary Amsden8542b202006-12-07 02:14:09 +01002667 broken timer IRQ sources.
2668
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002669 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
2670
2671 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
2672 initial RAM disk.
2673
Weidong Han03ea8152009-04-17 16:42:15 +08002674 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
2675 remapping.
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07002676 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
Weidong Han03ea8152009-04-17 16:42:15 +08002677
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002678 nointroute [IA-64]
2679
Andy Lutomirskid12a72b2016-01-29 11:42:58 -08002680 noinvpcid [X86] Disable the INVPCID cpu feature.
2681
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07002682 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
Tony Luck0aa366f2007-07-20 11:22:30 -07002683
Jiri Kosina9cf4c4f2010-08-16 17:51:20 +02002684 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
2685
Gleb Natapovfd10cde2010-10-14 11:22:51 +02002686 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
2687 fault handling.
2688
Glauber Costad910f5c2011-07-11 15:28:19 -04002689 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
2690 steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
2691 behaviour
2692
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002693 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002694
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002695 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
Thomas Gleixnerad62ca22007-03-22 00:11:21 -08002696
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002697 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
Christophe Leroyf15eea62016-02-09 17:07:52 +01002698 lowmem mapping on PPC40x and PPC8xx
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002699
Horms312f1f02006-02-22 09:57:55 +09002700 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
2701
Masanari Iida13696e02015-05-16 02:16:43 +09002702 nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception
Hormsabe37e52006-04-01 01:36:09 +02002703
Andres Salomon83d73842007-10-12 23:04:06 +02002704 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
2705 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
2706
Don Zickusbda62632011-10-13 15:14:27 -04002707 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
2708 shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
2709 irq.
2710
Dave Young02608be2012-02-01 10:33:14 +08002711 nomodule Disable module load
2712
Jiri Kosina016ddd92010-01-18 17:05:40 +01002713 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
2714 pagetables) support.
2715
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002716 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
2717 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
2718
Jiri Kosinabbff2162010-08-11 18:34:09 +02002719 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
Jeremy Fitzhardinge959b4fd2007-05-02 19:27:16 +02002720
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002721 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
Jeremy Fitzhardingeb7fb4af2007-05-02 19:27:13 +02002722 with UP alternatives
2723
H. Peter Anvin7a5091d2014-05-11 20:25:20 -07002724 nordrand [X86] Disable kernel use of the RDRAND and
2725 RDSEED instructions even if they are supported
2726 by the processor. RDRAND and RDSEED are still
2727 available to user space applications.
H. Peter Anvin49d859d2011-07-31 14:02:19 -07002728
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002729 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
2730 space.
2731
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002732 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
2733 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
2734 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
2735
2736 nosbagart [IA-64]
2737
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002738 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
Chuck Ebbert4f886512006-03-23 02:59:34 -08002739
Len Brown61ec7562007-08-16 03:34:22 -04002740 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
2741 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002742
Dave Jones97842212007-07-15 23:41:05 -07002743 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
2744
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002745 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
2746
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002747 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002748
Ulrich Obergfell195daf62015-04-14 15:44:13 -07002749 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lockup detectors, i.e.
2750 soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup).
Don Zickus58687ac2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04002751
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002752 nowb [ARM]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002753
Weidong Han2b2fd872009-04-17 16:42:12 +08002754 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
2755
Fenghua Yuf78cff42012-11-13 11:32:38 -08002756 cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
2757 CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
2758 Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
2759 1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
2760 Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
2761 need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
2762 2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
2763 removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
2764 It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
2765 machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
2766 after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
2767 If the dependencies are under your control, you can
2768 turn on cpu0_hotplug.
2769
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07002770 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
Fenghua Yua6c75b862008-03-14 13:57:08 -07002771 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
2772 SAL PALO.
2773
Yinghai Lu2b633e32010-02-10 01:20:37 -08002774 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
2775 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
2776 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
2777 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
2778 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
2779
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002780 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
2781
Mel Gorman1a687c22012-11-22 11:16:36 +00002782 numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
2783 Allowed values are enable and disable
2784
KAMEZAWA Hiroyukif0c0b2b2007-07-15 23:38:01 -07002785 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
2786 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
2787 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
2788 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
2789
Randy Dunlap7c4be2532009-01-06 14:42:44 -08002790 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
2791 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
2792 info.
2793
Andres Salomon3ef0e1f2008-04-29 00:59:53 -07002794 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
2795 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
2796 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
2797 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
2798 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
2799 interrupts *may* be lost!
2800
Tony Lindgren15ac7af2009-12-11 16:16:32 -08002801 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
2802 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
2803 For example, to override I2C bus2:
2804 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
2805
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002806 oprofile.timer= [HW]
2807 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
2808
Robert Richter7e4e0bd2009-05-06 12:10:23 +02002809 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
2810 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
2811 userland or if you want common events.
Robert Richter8d7ff4f2009-06-23 11:48:14 +02002812 Format: { arch_perfmon }
2813 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
Robert Richter7e4e0bd2009-05-06 12:10:23 +02002814 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
2815 CPU specific event set.
Robert Richter159a80b2011-10-11 19:39:16 +02002816 timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
2817 timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
2818 for generic hr timer mode)
Andi Kleen1dcdb5a2009-04-27 17:44:11 +02002819
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002820 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
2821 process, but there is a small probability of
2822 deadlocking the machine.
Olaf Heringd404ab02011-03-22 16:34:04 -07002823 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
2824 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
2825
Randy Dunlapbcfde332010-06-07 17:10:38 -07002826 OSS [HW,OSS]
2827 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
2828
Joonsoo Kim48c96a32014-12-12 16:56:01 -08002829 page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option.
2830 Storage of the information about who allocated
2831 each page is disabled in default. With this switch,
2832 we can turn it on.
2833 on: enable the feature
2834
Laura Abbott8823b1d2016-03-15 14:56:27 -07002835 page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of
2836 poisoning on the buddy allocator.
2837 off: turn off poisoning
2838 on: turn on poisoning
2839
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002840 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
Hugh Dickins4302fbc2011-07-26 16:08:52 -07002841 timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
2842 timeout = 0: wait forever
2843 timeout < 0: reboot immediately
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002844 Format: <timeout>
2845
Prarit Bhargava9e3961a2014-12-10 15:45:50 -08002846 panic_on_warn panic() instead of WARN(). Useful to cause kdump
2847 on a WARN().
2848
Masami Hiramatsuf06e5152014-06-06 14:37:07 -07002849 crash_kexec_post_notifiers
2850 Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping
2851 kmsg. This only for the users who doubt kdump always
2852 succeeds in any situation.
2853 Note that this also increases risks of kdump failure,
2854 because some panic notifiers can make the crashed
2855 kernel more unstable.
2856
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002857 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
2858 connected to, default is 0.
2859 Format: <parport#>
2860 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
2861 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002862 Format: <mode>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002863
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002864 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
2865 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
2866 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
2867 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
2868 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
2869 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
2870 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
2871 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
2872 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
2873 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
2874 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
2875 are specified on the command line, starting
2876 with parport0.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002877
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002878 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
2879 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
2880 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
2881 computer where firmware has no options for setting
2882 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
2883 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002884 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
2885
Andrew Mortondd287792006-03-23 03:00:57 -08002886 pause_on_oops=
2887 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
2888 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
2889 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
2890
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002891 pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
2892
2893 pcd. [PARIDE]
2894 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002895 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002896
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002897 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
Bjorn Helgaas1cc0ca22009-01-14 10:04:36 -07002898 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
2899 changes anything
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002900 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002901 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002902 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
2903 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002904 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002905 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
2906 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
2907 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
Borislav Petkovafd8c082016-01-13 16:48:51 +01002908 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
2909 Mechanism 1 (config address in IO port 0xCF8,
2910 data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit).
2911 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
2912 Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for
2913 the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets
2914 bus number. The config space is then accessed
2915 through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF).
2916 See http://wiki.osdev.org/PCI for more info
2917 on the configuration access mechanisms.
Randy Dunlap7f785762007-10-05 13:17:58 -07002918 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
2919 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2920 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
Jeff Garzik32a2eea2007-10-11 16:57:27 -04002921 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
2922 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302923 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
Bjorn Helgaas61be6d62006-02-15 15:17:43 -08002924 Configuration
Andreas Herrmann12983072009-06-07 16:15:16 +02002925 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
2926 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
2927 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
Matthew Wilcox309e57d2006-03-05 22:33:34 -07002928 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
2929 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2930 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
Stefan Assmanna9322f62008-06-11 16:35:14 +02002931 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
2932 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
2933 should never be necessary.
Stefan Assmann91979792008-06-11 16:35:15 +02002934 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
2935 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
2936 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
2937 when the system masks IRQs.
Stefan Assmann41b9eb22008-07-15 13:48:55 +02002938 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
2939 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
2940 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
2941 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002942 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002943 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
2944 on several machines and they hang the machine
2945 when used, but on other computers it's the only
2946 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
2947 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
2948 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
2949 motherboard.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002950 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002951 Use with caution as certain devices share
2952 address decoders between ROMs and other
2953 resources.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002954 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
Gary Hadebb71ad82008-05-12 13:57:46 -07002955 expansion ROMs that do not already have
2956 BIOS assigned address ranges.
Mike Habeck7bd1c362010-05-12 11:14:32 -07002957 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
2958 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002959 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002960 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
2961 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
2962 this way.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002963 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002964 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
2965 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
2966 F0000h-100000h range.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002967 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002968 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
2969 secondary buses and you want to tell it
2970 explicitly which ones they are.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002971 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002972 numbers ourselves, overriding
2973 whatever the firmware may have done.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002974 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002975 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
2976 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
2977 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
2978 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
2979 IRQ routing is enabled.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002980 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002981 or for PCI scanning.
Bjorn Helgaas7bc5e3f2010-02-23 10:24:41 -07002982 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
2983 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
2984 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
2985 please report a bug.
2986 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
2987 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002988 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
2989 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
2990 so this option is a temporary workaround
2991 for broken drivers that don't call it.
Yinghai Lu13a6ddb2008-03-27 01:31:18 -07002992 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
2993 handle more pci cards
Andi Kleen0637a702006-09-26 10:52:41 +02002994 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
2995 This might help on some broken boards which
2996 machine check when some devices' config space
2997 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
2998 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
Matt Domsch6b4b78f2006-09-29 15:23:23 -05002999 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
3000 This sorting is done to get a device
3001 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
3002 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
Yijing Wangfa238712013-01-30 09:40:52 +08003003 pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
3004 tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
3005 pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value
3006 supported by all devices below the root complex.
3007 pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
3008 based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
3009 Read Request Size) to the largest supported
3010 value (no larger than the MPS that the device
3011 or bus can support) for best performance.
3012 pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
3013 every device is guaranteed to support. This
3014 configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
3015 any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
3016 reduced performance. This also guarantees
3017 that hot-added devices will work.
Atsushi Nemoto4516a612007-02-05 16:36:06 -08003018 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
3019 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
3020 The default value is 256 bytes.
3021 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
3022 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
3023 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
Yuji Shimada32a9a6822009-03-16 17:13:39 +09003024 resource_alignment=
3025 Format:
3026 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
Koehrer Mathias (ETAS/ESW5)644a5442016-06-07 14:24:17 +00003027 [<order of align>@]pci:<vendor>:<device>\
3028 [:<subvendor>:<subdevice>][; ...]
Yuji Shimada32a9a6822009-03-16 17:13:39 +09003029 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
3030 aligned memory resources.
3031 If <order of align> is not specified,
3032 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
3033 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
3034 windows need to be expanded.
Andrew Patterson43c16402009-04-22 16:52:09 -06003035 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
3036 end-to-end CRC checking).
3037 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
3038 the default.
3039 off: Turn ECRC off
3040 on: Turn ECRC on.
Yijing Wang8c8803c2013-01-23 20:29:06 +08003041 hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
3042 reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
3043 Default size is 256 bytes.
3044 hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
3045 reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window.
3046 Default size is 2 megabytes.
Keith Busche16b4662016-07-21 21:40:28 -06003047 hpbussize=nn The minimum amount of additional bus numbers
3048 reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge.
3049 Default is 1.
Yinghai Lub55438f2012-02-23 19:23:30 -08003050 realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
3051 if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
3052 accommodate resources required by all child
3053 devices.
3054 off: Turn realloc off
3055 on: Turn realloc on
3056 realloc same as realloc=on
Rafael J. Wysocki6748dcc2012-03-01 00:06:33 +01003057 noari do not use PCIe ARI.
Bjorn Helgaas284f5f92012-04-30 15:21:02 -06003058 pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
3059 only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
3060 port.
Matt Domsch6b4b78f2006-09-29 15:23:23 -05003061
Chuck Ebberte5665a42008-09-24 20:40:34 -04003062 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
3063 Management.
3064 off Disable ASPM.
3065 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
3066 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
3067
MUNEDA Takahiro7570a332012-02-02 11:09:22 -05003068 pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
3069 nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
3070 makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
3071
Rafael J. Wysocki79dd9182010-08-21 01:51:44 +02003072 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
Rafael J. Wysocki28eb5f22010-08-21 22:02:38 +02003073 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
3074 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
3075 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
3076 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
3077 unconditionally.
Rafael J. Wysocki79dd9182010-08-21 01:51:44 +02003078 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
3079 ports driver.
3080
Mika Westerberg9d26d3a2016-06-02 11:17:12 +03003081 pcie_port_pm= [PCIE] PCIe port power management handling:
3082 off Disable power management of all PCIe ports
3083 force Forcibly enable power management of all PCIe ports
3084
Rafael J. Wysockic7f48652010-02-17 23:39:08 +01003085 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
Rafael J. Wysockic39fae12010-02-17 23:40:07 +01003086 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
Rafael J. Wysocki28eb5f22010-08-21 22:02:38 +02003087 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
Rafael J. Wysockic7f48652010-02-17 23:39:08 +01003088
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003089 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
3090
Tushar Behera39ac5ba2014-03-28 10:50:21 +05303091 pd_ignore_unused
3092 [PM]
3093 Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on,
3094 even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful
3095 for debug and development, but should not be
3096 needed on a platform with proper driver support.
3097
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003098 pd. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003099 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003100
3101 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
3102 boot time.
3103 Format: { 0 | 1 }
3104 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
3105
Tejun Heof58dc012009-08-14 15:00:50 +09003106 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
Tejun Heoe933a732009-08-14 15:00:53 +09003107 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
3108 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
3109 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
3110 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
3111 and performance comparison.
Tejun Heofa8a7092009-06-22 11:56:24 +09003112
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003113 pf. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003114 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003115
3116 pg. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003117 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003118
3119 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -07003120 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003121
3122 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
3123 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
3124 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
3125
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07003126 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
Thomas Gleixnerde32a242008-07-12 05:33:30 +02003127 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
3128 e.g. pmtmr=0x508
3129
Bjorn Helgaas96242112011-08-11 12:14:05 -06003130 pnp.debug=1 [PNP]
3131 Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
3132 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
3133 via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
3134 current resource usage; turning this on also shows
3135 possible settings and some assignment information.
Bjorn Helgaas97ef0622008-08-19 16:53:41 -06003136
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003137 pnpacpi= [ACPI]
3138 { off }
3139
3140 pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
3141 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
3142
3143 pnp_reserve_irq=
3144 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
3145
3146 pnp_reserve_dma=
3147 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
3148
3149 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003150 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003151
3152 pnp_reserve_mem=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003153 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
3154 autoconfiguration.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003155 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
3156
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -07003157 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
3158 Default is 21.
3159 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
3160 may be specified.
3161 Format: <port>,<port>....
3162
Anton Blanchard3eb5d582015-10-29 11:44:06 +11003163 ppc_strict_facility_enable
3164 [PPC] This option catches any kernel floating point,
3165 Altivec, VSX and SPE outside of regions specifically
3166 allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()).
3167 There is some performance impact when enabling this.
3168
Ingo Molnar45807a12007-07-15 23:40:10 -07003169 print-fatal-signals=
3170 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
Naohiro Ooiwaf84d49b2009-11-09 00:46:42 +09003171
3172 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
3173 related application anomalies: too many signals,
3174 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
3175 coredump - etc.
3176
3177 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
3178 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
3179
Ingo Molnar45807a12007-07-15 23:40:10 -07003180 default: off.
3181
Matthew Garrettc22ab332012-03-05 14:59:10 -08003182 printk.always_kmsg_dump=
3183 Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
3184 panics
3185 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
3186 default: disabled
3187
Borislav Petkov750afe72016-08-02 14:04:07 -07003188 printk.devkmsg={on,off,ratelimit}
3189 Control writing to /dev/kmsg.
3190 on - unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace
3191 off - logging to /dev/kmsg disabled
3192 ratelimit - ratelimit the logging
3193 Default: ratelimit
3194
Randy Dunlape84845c2007-07-15 23:40:25 -07003195 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
3196 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
3197
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07003198 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
3199 Limit processor to maximum C-state
3200 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
3201
3202 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
3203 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
3204 instead using the legacy FADT method
3205
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003206 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003207 Format: [schedule,]<number>
3208 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
3209 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
3210 statistical time based profiling.
Mel Gormanb3da2a72007-10-24 18:23:50 +02003211 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
3212 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
Dave Jonesc0fe2e62007-10-20 03:08:22 +02003213 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003214
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003215 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
3216 before loading.
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003217 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003218
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003219 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
3220 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003221 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
3222 per second.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003223 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
3224 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003225 (0 = never).
3226 psmouse.resolution=
3227 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
3228 psmouse.smartscroll=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003229 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003230 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
3231
Matthew Garrettdee28e72011-07-21 16:57:55 -04003232 pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
3233
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003234 pt. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003235 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003236
Kay Sieversdc8c8582007-08-15 12:25:38 +02003237 pty.legacy_count=
3238 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
3239 default number.
3240
Randy Dunlap7d2c5022006-09-29 02:01:02 -07003241 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003242
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003243 r128= [HW,DRM]
3244
3245 raid= [HW,RAID]
3246 See Documentation/md.txt.
3247
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003248 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00003249 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003250
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003251 rcu_nocbs= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney3fbfbf72012-08-19 21:35:53 -07003252 In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
3253 the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
3254 Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will
Paul E. McKenneya4889852012-12-03 08:16:28 -08003255 be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for
3256 that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p"
3257 for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N"
3258 is the CPU number. This reduces OS jitter on the
Paul E. McKenney3fbfbf72012-08-19 21:35:53 -07003259 offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and
3260 real-time workloads. It can also improve energy
3261 efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors.
3262
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003263 rcu_nocb_poll [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney3fbfbf72012-08-19 21:35:53 -07003264 Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
3265 (specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
3266 awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
3267 make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
3268 This improves the real-time response for the
3269 offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
3270 wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
3271 energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
3272 periodically wake up to do the polling.
3273
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003274 rcutree.blimit= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney97e63f02013-10-27 09:44:03 -07003275 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to
3276 process in one batch.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08003277
Paul E. McKenneya3dc2942015-04-20 11:40:50 -07003278 rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL]
3279 Dump the structure of the rcu_node combining tree
3280 out at early boot. This is used for diagnostic
3281 purposes, to verify correct tree setup.
3282
Paul E. McKenney0f41c0d2015-03-10 18:33:20 -07003283 rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL]
3284 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3285 RCU grace-period cleanup. This only has effect
3286 when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP is set.
3287
Paul E. McKenney37745d22015-01-22 18:24:08 -08003288 rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL]
3289 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3290 RCU grace-period initialization. This only has
Paul E. McKenney0f41c0d2015-03-10 18:33:20 -07003291 effect when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT
3292 is set.
3293
3294 rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL]
3295 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3296 RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is,
3297 the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up
3298 the rcu_node combining tree. This only has effect
3299 when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT is set.
Paul E. McKenney37745d22015-01-22 18:24:08 -08003300
Paul E. McKenney7fa27002015-04-20 10:27:15 -07003301 rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL]
3302 Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining
3303 tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might
3304 possibly be useful for architectures having high
3305 cache-to-cache transfer latencies.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08003306
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003307 rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneyee968ac2015-07-31 08:28:35 -07003308 Change the number of CPUs assigned to each
3309 leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very
3310 large systems, which will choose the value 64,
3311 and for NUMA systems with large remote-access
3312 latencies, which will choose a value aligned
3313 with the appropriate hardware boundaries.
Paul E. McKenneyf885b7f2012-04-23 15:52:53 -07003314
Paul E. McKenney4a81e832014-06-20 16:49:01 -07003315 rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL]
3316 Set required age in jiffies for a
3317 given grace period before RCU starts
3318 soliciting quiescent-state help from
3319 rcu_note_context_switch().
3320
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003321 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneyc0f4dfd2012-12-28 11:30:36 -08003322 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
3323 first attempt to force quiescent states.
3324 Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
3325 and maximum value is HZ.
3326
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003327 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneyc0f4dfd2012-12-28 11:30:36 -08003328 Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
3329 quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
3330 value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
3331
Clark Williams21871d72014-09-12 21:21:09 -05003332 rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT]
Paul E. McKenneyd2af1ad2015-01-20 23:54:59 -08003333 Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU
3334 kthreads (rcuc/N). This value is also used for
3335 the priority of the RCU boost threads (rcub/N)
3336 and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh,
3337 rcu_preempt, and rcu_sched). If RCU_BOOST is
3338 set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1
3339 (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when
3340 RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and
3341 the default is zero (non-realtime operation).
Clark Williams21871d72014-09-12 21:21:09 -05003342
Paul E. McKenneyfbce7492014-06-24 09:26:11 -07003343 rcutree.rcu_nocb_leader_stride= [KNL]
3344 Set the number of NOCB kthread groups, which
3345 defaults to the square root of the number of
3346 CPUs. Larger numbers reduces the wakeup overhead
3347 on the per-CPU grace-period kthreads, but increases
3348 that same overhead on each group's leader.
3349
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003350 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney97e63f02013-10-27 09:44:03 -07003351 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks beyond which
3352 batch limiting is disabled.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08003353
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003354 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL]
Robert P. J. Day24aaef82008-02-03 15:20:26 +02003355 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
3356 batch limiting is re-enabled.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08003357
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003358 rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneyc0f4dfd2012-12-28 11:30:36 -08003359 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
3360 RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
Paul E. McKenneyd40011f2012-06-26 20:45:57 -07003361
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003362 rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneyc0f4dfd2012-12-28 11:30:36 -08003363 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
3364 only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
3365 Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
3366 prove do nothing more than free memory.
Paul E. McKenneyd40011f2012-06-26 20:45:57 -07003367
Paul E. McKenneybdea9e32016-01-01 13:47:19 -08003368 rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL]
3369 Measure performance of expedited synchronous
3370 grace-period primitives.
3371
Paul E. McKenneydf37e662016-01-30 20:56:38 -08003372 rcuperf.holdoff= [KNL]
3373 Set test-start holdoff period. The purpose of
3374 this parameter is to delay the start of the
3375 test until boot completes in order to avoid
3376 interference.
3377
Paul E. McKenneybdea9e32016-01-01 13:47:19 -08003378 rcuperf.nreaders= [KNL]
3379 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
3380 N, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
3381 "n" less than -1 selects N-n+1, where N is again
3382 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
3383 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
3384 A value of "n" less than or equal to -N selects
3385 a single reader.
3386
3387 rcuperf.nwriters= [KNL]
3388 Set number of RCU writers. The values operate
3389 the same as for rcuperf.nreaders.
3390 N, where N is the number of CPUs
3391
3392 rcuperf.perf_runnable= [BOOT]
3393 Start rcuperf running at boot time.
3394
3395 rcuperf.shutdown= [KNL]
3396 Shut the system down after performance tests
3397 complete. This is useful for hands-off automated
3398 testing.
3399
3400 rcuperf.perf_type= [KNL]
3401 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
3402
3403 rcuperf.verbose= [KNL]
3404 Enable additional printk() statements.
3405
Paul E. McKenney38706bc2014-08-18 21:12:17 -07003406 rcutorture.cbflood_inter_holdoff= [KNL]
3407 Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive
3408 callback-flood tests.
3409
3410 rcutorture.cbflood_intra_holdoff= [KNL]
3411 Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive
3412 bursts of callbacks within a given callback-flood
3413 test.
3414
3415 rcutorture.cbflood_n_burst= [KNL]
3416 Set the number of bursts making up a given
3417 callback-flood test. Set this to zero to
3418 disable callback-flood testing.
3419
3420 rcutorture.cbflood_n_per_burst= [KNL]
3421 Set the number of callbacks to be registered
3422 in a given burst of a callback-flood test.
3423
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003424 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003425 Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts
3426 in microseconds.
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003427
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003428 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003429 Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts
3430 in microseconds.
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003431
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003432 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003433 Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts
3434 in seconds.
3435
3436 rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL]
3437 Use conditional/asynchronous update-side
3438 primitives, if available.
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003439
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003440 rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003441 Use expedited update-side primitives, if available.
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003442
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003443 rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003444 Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous
3445 update-side primitives, if available.
3446
3447 rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL]
3448 Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous
3449 update-side primitives, if available. If all
3450 of rcutorture.gp_cond=, rcutorture.gp_exp=,
3451 rcutorture.gp_normal=, and rcutorture.gp_sync=
3452 are zero, rcutorture acts as if is interpreted
3453 they are all non-zero.
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003454
3455 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003456 Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
3457
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003458 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003459 Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
3460 stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
3461 test, hence the "fake".
3462
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003463 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenney3838cc12015-03-12 13:55:48 -07003464 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
3465 N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
3466 "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again
3467 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
3468 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003469
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003470 rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL]
3471 Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
3472
3473 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003474 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
3475
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003476 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003477 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
3478 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
3479
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003480 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003481 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
3482 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
3483 during the rcutorture test.
3484
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003485 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003486 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
3487 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
3488
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003489 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003490 Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
3491 warnings, zero to disable.
3492
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003493 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003494 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
3495
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003496 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003497 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
3498
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003499 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003500 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
3501 five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
3502 wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
3503 ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
3504
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003505 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003506 Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
3507 "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
3508 under test support RCU priority boosting.
3509
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003510 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003511 Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
3512
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003513 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003514 Interval (s) between each boost test.
3515
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003516 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003517 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
3518 rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
3519
Paul E. McKenney21b05de2015-05-14 17:29:51 -07003520 rcutorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT]
3521 Start rcutorture running at boot time.
3522
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003523 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003524 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
3525
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003526 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL]
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07003527 Enable additional printk() statements.
3528
Paul E. McKenney5a9be7c2015-11-24 15:44:06 -08003529 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL]
3530 Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
3531
3532 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL]
3533 Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
3534
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003535 rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL]
3536 Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
3537 example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead
3538 of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency,
3539 but can increase CPU utilization, degrade
3540 real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
Paul E. McKenney79cfea02015-12-07 13:09:52 -08003541 No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003542
Paul E. McKenney5a9be7c2015-11-24 15:44:06 -08003543 rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL]
3544 Use only normal grace-period primitives,
3545 for example, synchronize_rcu() instead of
3546 synchronize_rcu_expedited(). This improves
Paul E. McKenney79cfea02015-12-07 13:09:52 -08003547 real-time latency, CPU utilization, and
3548 energy efficiency, but can expose users to
3549 increased grace-period latency. This parameter
3550 overrides rcupdate.rcu_expedited. No effect on
3551 CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
Paul E. McKenney4102ada2013-10-08 20:23:47 -07003552
Paul E. McKenney3e42ec12015-11-25 18:56:00 -08003553 rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL]
3554 Once boot has completed (that is, after
3555 rcu_end_inkernel_boot() has been invoked), use
Paul E. McKenney79cfea02015-12-07 13:09:52 -08003556 only normal grace-period primitives. No effect
3557 on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
Paul E. McKenney3e42ec12015-11-25 18:56:00 -08003558
Paul E. McKenney52db30a2014-07-01 18:16:30 -07003559 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL]
3560 Set timeout in jiffies for RCU task stall warning
3561 messages. Disable with a value less than or equal
3562 to zero.
3563
Pranith Kumar74860fe2014-09-19 11:34:09 -04003564 rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL]
3565 Run the RCU early boot self tests
3566
3567 rcupdate.rcu_self_test_bh= [KNL]
3568 Run the RCU bh early boot self tests
3569
3570 rcupdate.rcu_self_test_sched= [KNL]
3571 Run the RCU sched early boot self tests
3572
Olof Johanssonffdfc402005-09-06 15:17:19 -07003573 rdinit= [KNL]
3574 Format: <full_path>
3575 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
3576 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
3577
Robin Holt1b3a5d02013-07-08 16:01:42 -07003578 reboot= [KNL]
3579 Format (x86 or x86_64):
3580 [w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \
3581 [[,]s[mp]#### \
3582 [[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \
3583 [[,]f[orce]
3584 Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio,
3585 reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci,
3586 reboot_force is either force or not specified,
3587 reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
3588 to be used for rebooting.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003589
Paul Jackson46b6d942008-07-04 10:00:09 -07003590 relax_domain_level=
3591 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
seokhoon.yoon09c3bcc2016-08-02 23:23:57 +09003592 See Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpusets.txt.
Paul Jackson46b6d942008-07-04 10:00:09 -07003593
Rafael J. Wysocki0399d4d2014-05-26 13:40:59 +02003594 relative_sleep_states=
3595 [SUSPEND] Use sleep state labeling where the deepest
3596 state available other than hibernation is always "mem".
3597 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3598 0 -- Traditional sleep state labels.
3599 1 -- Relative sleep state labels.
3600
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003601 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
3602
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07003603 reservetop= [X86-32]
Zachary Amsden461a9af2006-09-25 23:32:25 -07003604 Format: nn[KMG]
3605 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
3606 address space.
3607
H. Peter Anvin9ea77bd2010-08-25 16:38:20 -07003608 reservelow= [X86]
3609 Format: nn[K]
3610 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
3611 the bottom of the address space.
3612
Vivek Goyal7e962872006-09-27 01:50:44 -07003613 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
3614 during initialization.
3615
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003616 resume= [SWSUSP]
3617 Specify the partition device for software suspend
Minho Ban2df83fa2012-05-14 21:45:31 +02003618 Format:
3619 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003620
Rafael J. Wysockiecbd0da2006-12-06 20:34:13 -08003621 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
3622 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
3623 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
3624 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
3625 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
3626
Barry Songf126f732011-10-10 23:38:41 +02003627 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
3628 read the resume files
3629
Barry Song6f8d7022011-10-06 20:34:46 +02003630 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
3631 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
3632 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
3633
Bojan Smojverf996fc92010-09-09 23:06:23 +02003634 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
3635 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
3636 present during boot.
3637 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
Kees Cooka6e15a32014-06-13 13:30:35 -07003638 no Disable hibernation and resume.
Rafael J. Wysocki4c0b6c12016-07-10 02:12:10 +02003639 protect_image Turn on image protection during restoration
3640 (that will set all pages holding image data
3641 during restoration read-only).
Bojan Smojverf996fc92010-09-09 23:06:23 +02003642
Michael Neuling0a7b35cb2007-02-10 01:44:33 -08003643 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
3644
Andrew Clausen0efbb782015-01-09 20:24:55 +00003645 rfkill.default_state=
3646 0 "airplane mode". All wifi, bluetooth, wimax, gps, fm,
3647 etc. communication is blocked by default.
3648 1 Unblocked.
3649
3650 rfkill.master_switch_mode=
3651 0 The "airplane mode" button does nothing.
3652 1 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
3653 blocked and the previous configuration.
3654 2 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
3655 blocked and everything unblocked.
3656
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003657 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3658 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
3659
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003660 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
3661
Kees Cookd2aa1ac2016-02-17 14:41:13 -08003662 rodata= [KNL]
3663 on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default).
3664 off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging.
3665
Heiko Stuebner605df8a2016-02-22 12:55:01 +01003666 rockchip.usb_uart
3667 Enable the uart passthrough on the designated usb port
3668 on Rockchip SoCs. When active, the signals of the
3669 debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb
3670 port and the regular usb controller gets disabled.
3671
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003672 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
Will Drewryf2d34fd2011-08-03 16:21:08 -07003673 See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003674
3675 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
3676 mount the root filesystem
3677
3678 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
3679
3680 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
3681
Pierre Ossmancc1ed752007-07-15 23:40:35 -07003682 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
3683 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
3684 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
3685
Robert Tivy5c71d612013-03-28 18:41:46 -07003686 rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address]
3687 [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block.
3688 Memory area to be used by remote processor image,
3689 managed by CMA.
3690
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003691 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
3692
3693 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
3694
Gerald Schaeferc60d1ae2014-07-18 17:37:08 +02003695 s390_iommu= [HW,S390]
3696 Set s390 IOTLB flushing mode
3697 strict
3698 With strict flushing every unmap operation will result in
3699 an IOTLB flush. Default is lazy flushing before reuse,
3700 which is faster.
3701
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003702 sa1100ir [NET]
3703 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
3704
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003705 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003706
Mike Travisf6630112009-11-17 18:22:15 -06003707 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
3708
Mel Gormancb251762016-02-05 09:08:36 +00003709 schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable scheduled statistics.
3710 Allowed values are enable and disable. This feature
3711 incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler
3712 but is useful for debugging and performance tuning.
3713
Mike Galbraith5307c952012-05-08 12:20:58 +02003714 skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
3715 xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
3716 contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
3717 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3718 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
3719 1 -- enable.
3720 Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
3721 enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
3722
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07003723 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
3724 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
3725 security module asking for security registration will be
3726 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
3727 as if no module has been chosen.
3728
3729 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003730 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3731 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
3732 0 -- disable.
3733 1 -- enable.
3734 Default value is set via kernel config option.
3735 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
3736 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
3737
John Johansenc1c124e2010-07-29 14:48:09 -07003738 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
3739 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3740 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
3741 0 -- disable.
3742 1 -- enable.
3743 Default value is set via kernel config option.
3744
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07003745 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003746
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003747 shapers= [NET]
3748 Maximal number of shapers.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003749
Yinghai Lub05f78f2008-08-22 01:32:50 -07003750 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
3751 Format: { <integer> }
3752 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
3753 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
3754 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
3755
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003756 simeth= [IA-64]
3757 simscsi=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003758
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003759 slram= [HW,MTD]
3760
Joonsoo Kim423c9292014-10-09 15:26:22 -07003761 slab_nomerge [MM]
3762 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
3763 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
3764 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
3765 merging on their own.
3766 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3767
David Rientjes3df1ccc2011-10-18 22:09:28 -07003768 slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
3769 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
3770 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
3771 fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
3772 more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
3773
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07003774 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
3775 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
3776 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
3777 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
3778 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
3779 last alloc / free. For more information see
3780 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07003781
3782 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07003783 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
3784 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
3785 fragmentation. For more information see
3786 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07003787
3788 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07003789 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
3790 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
3791 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
3792 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
3793 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
3794 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07003795 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3796
3797 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +09003798 Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07003799 lower than slub_max_order.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07003800 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3801
3802 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
Joonsoo Kim423c9292014-10-09 15:26:22 -07003803 Same with slab_nomerge. This is supported for legacy.
3804 See slab_nomerge for more information.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07003805
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003806 smart2= [HW]
3807 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
3808
Bjorn Helgaasd0d4f692007-05-08 00:36:05 -07003809 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
3810 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
3811 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
3812 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
3813 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
3814 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
3815 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
3816 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
3817 1: Fast pin select (default)
3818 2: ATC IRMode
3819
Sascha Silbe52c48c52016-04-05 12:53:38 +02003820 smt [KNL,S390] Set the maximum number of threads (logical
3821 CPUs) to use per physical CPU on systems capable of
3822 symmetric multithreading (SMT). Will be capped to the
3823 actual hardware limit.
3824 Format: <integer>
3825 Default: -1 (no limit)
3826
Ingo Molnar9c44bc02008-05-12 21:21:04 +02003827 softlockup_panic=
3828 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07003829 Format: <integer>
Ingo Molnar9c44bc02008-05-12 21:21:04 +02003830
Aaron Tomlined235872014-06-23 13:22:05 -07003831 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
3832 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate
3833 backtraces on all cpus.
3834 Format: <integer>
3835
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003836 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +02003837 See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003838
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003839 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
3840 spia_fio_base=
3841 spia_pedr=
3842 spia_peddr=
3843
Steven Rostedtf38f1d22008-12-16 23:06:40 -05003844 stacktrace [FTRACE]
3845 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
3846
Steven Rostedt762e1202011-12-19 22:01:00 -05003847 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
3848 [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
3849 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
3850 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
3851 time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
3852 tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
3853 and the stacktrace above is not needed.
3854
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003855 sti= [PARISC,HW]
3856 Format: <num>
3857 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
3858 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
3859 as the initial boot-console.
3860 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
3861
3862 sti_font= [HW]
3863 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
3864
3865 stifb= [HW]
3866 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
3867
Trond Myklebustcbf11072009-08-09 15:06:19 -04003868 sunrpc.min_resvport=
3869 sunrpc.max_resvport=
3870 [NFS,SUNRPC]
3871 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
3872 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
3873 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
3874 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
3875 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
3876 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
3877 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
3878 maximum port values.
3879
Trond Myklebustff3ac5c2016-06-24 10:55:50 -04003880 sunrpc.svc_rpc_per_connection_limit=
3881 [NFS,SUNRPC]
3882 Limit the number of requests that the server will
3883 process in parallel from a single connection.
3884 The default value is 0 (no limit).
3885
Greg Banks42a7fc42007-03-06 01:42:23 -08003886 sunrpc.pool_mode=
3887 [NFS]
3888 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
3889 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
3890 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
3891 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
3892 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
3893 NFS server is running.
3894
3895 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
3896 automatically using heuristics
3897 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
3898 percpu one pool for each CPU
3899 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
3900 to global on non-NUMA machines)
3901
Trond Myklebustcbf11072009-08-09 15:06:19 -04003902 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
3903 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
3904 [NFS,SUNRPC]
3905 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
3906 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
3907 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
3908 improve throughput, but will also increase the
3909 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
3910
Brian Norris1d4a9c12015-02-22 21:16:49 -08003911 suspend.pm_test_delay=
3912 [SUSPEND]
3913 Sets the number of seconds to remain in a suspend test
3914 mode before resuming the system (see
3915 /sys/power/pm_test). Only available when CONFIG_PM_DEBUG
3916 is set. Default value is 5.
3917
Michal Hocko07555ac2013-08-22 16:35:46 -07003918 swapaccount=[0|1]
Michal Hockoa42c3902010-11-24 12:57:08 -08003919 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
3920 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
seokhoon.yoon09c3bcc2016-08-02 23:23:57 +09003921 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt)
Michal Hockoa42c3902010-11-24 12:57:08 -08003922
Jiri Kosina91fec0f2013-11-27 13:48:09 +01003923 swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86]
3924 Format: { <int> | force }
3925 <int> -- Number of I/O TLB slabs
3926 force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they
3927 wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003928
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003929 switches= [HW,M68k]
3930
Andi Kleene52eec12010-09-08 16:54:17 +02003931 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
3932 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
3933 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
3934 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
3935 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
3936 in older udev will not work anymore.
3937 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
3938 the kernel configuration.
3939
Ingo Molnar5d6f6472006-12-13 00:34:36 -08003940 sysrq_always_enabled
3941 [KNL]
3942 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
3943 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
3944 Useful for debugging.
3945
Fabian Frederick747029a2014-11-06 19:46:50 +01003946 tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3947 Set the number of tcp_metrics_hash slots.
3948 Default value is 8192 or 16384 depending on total
3949 ram pages. This is used to specify the TCP metrics
3950 cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
3951 "tcp_no_metrics_save" section for more details.
3952
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003953 tdfx= [HW,DRM]
3954
Srinivas Pandruvadaacc82342014-09-02 11:54:41 -07003955 test_suspend= [SUSPEND][,N]
David Brownell77437fd2008-07-23 21:28:33 -07003956 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
Srinivas Pandruvadaacc82342014-09-02 11:54:41 -07003957 standby suspend) or "freeze" (for suspend type freeze)
3958 as the system sleep state during system startup with
3959 the optional capability to repeat N number of times.
3960 The system is woken from this state using a
3961 wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
David Brownell77437fd2008-07-23 21:28:33 -07003962
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003963 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3964 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
3965
Len Brownf8707ec2007-08-12 00:12:54 -04003966 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
3967 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
3968 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
3969
Len Brownc52a7412007-08-14 15:49:32 -04003970 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
3971 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
Zhang Rui22a94d72008-10-17 02:41:20 -04003972 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
Len Brownc52a7412007-08-14 15:49:32 -04003973
Len Brownf5487142007-08-12 00:12:44 -04003974 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
3975 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
3976 critical and hot trip points.
3977
Len Brown72b33ef2007-08-12 00:12:17 -04003978 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
3979 1: disable ACPI thermal control
3980
Len Browna70cdc52007-08-12 00:12:35 -04003981 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
3982 -1: disable all passive trip points
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08003983 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
3984 value
Len Browna70cdc52007-08-12 00:12:35 -04003985
Len Brown730ff342007-08-12 00:12:26 -04003986 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
3987 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
3988 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
3989 0: no polling (default)
3990
Thomas Gleixner8d32a302011-02-23 23:52:23 +00003991 threadirqs [KNL]
3992 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +09003993 marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
Thomas Gleixner8d32a302011-02-23 23:52:23 +00003994
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2ca62b02013-05-08 17:12:44 -04003995 tmem [KNL,XEN]
3996 Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in.
3997
3998 tmem.cleancache=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
3999 Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the cleancache
4000 API to send anonymous pages to the hypervisor.
4001
4002 tmem.frontswap=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
4003 Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the frontswap
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk37d46e12013-05-14 13:56:42 -04004004 API to send swap pages to the hypervisor. If disabled
4005 the selfballooning and selfshrinking are force disabled.
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2ca62b02013-05-08 17:12:44 -04004006
4007 tmem.selfballooning=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
4008 Default is on (1). Disable the driving of swap pages
4009 to the hypervisor.
4010
4011 tmem.selfshrinking=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
4012 Default is on (1). Partial swapoff that immediately
4013 transfers pages from Xen hypervisor back to the
4014 kernel based on different criteria.
4015
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01004016 topology= [S390]
4017 Format: {off | on}
4018 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
Sylvestre Ledruf65e51d2011-04-04 15:04:46 -07004019 topology information if the hardware supports this.
4020 The scheduler will make use of this information and
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01004021 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
Heiko Carstensc9af3fa2010-10-25 16:10:43 +02004022 Default is on.
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01004023
Nishanth Aravamudan2d73bae2014-10-10 09:04:49 -07004024 topology_updates= [KNL, PPC, NUMA]
4025 Format: {off}
4026 Specify if the kernel should ignore (off)
4027 topology updates sent by the hypervisor to this
4028 LPAR.
4029
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004030 tp720= [HW,PS2]
4031
Rajiv Andrade225a9be2010-03-25 00:55:32 -03004032 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
4033 Format: integer pcr id
4034 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
4035 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
4036 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
4037 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
4038 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
4039 are saved.
4040
Li Zefan9d612be2009-06-24 17:33:15 +08004041 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
Joonsoo Kim3e6fb8e2014-12-03 10:39:20 +09004042 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size on each cpu.
KOSAKI Motohiro631595f2009-03-10 13:57:10 +09004043
Li Zefan020e5f82009-07-01 10:47:05 +08004044 trace_event=[event-list]
4045 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
Brian Norrisd81749e2016-05-23 13:37:58 -07004046 to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a
4047 comma separated list of trace events to enable. See
4048 also Documentation/trace/events.txt
Li Zefan020e5f82009-07-01 10:47:05 +08004049
Steven Rostedt7bcfaf52012-11-01 22:56:07 -04004050 trace_options=[option-list]
4051 [FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot.
4052 The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
4053 that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were
4054 to echo the option name into
4055
4056 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options
4057
4058 For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the
4059 stack trace of each event), add to the command line:
4060
4061 trace_options=stacktrace
4062
4063 See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options"
4064 section.
4065
Steven Rostedt (Red Hat)0daa23022014-12-12 22:27:10 -05004066 tp_printk[FTRACE]
4067 Have the tracepoints sent to printk as well as the
4068 tracing ring buffer. This is useful for early boot up
4069 where the system hangs or reboots and does not give the
4070 option for reading the tracing buffer or performing a
4071 ftrace_dump_on_oops.
4072
4073 To turn off having tracepoints sent to printk,
4074 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk
4075 Note, echoing 1 into this file without the
4076 tracepoint_printk kernel cmdline option has no effect.
4077
4078 ** CAUTION **
4079
4080 Having tracepoints sent to printk() and activating high
4081 frequency tracepoints such as irq or sched, can cause
4082 the system to live lock.
4083
Steven Rostedt (Red Hat)de7edd32013-06-14 16:21:43 -04004084 traceoff_on_warning
4085 [FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a
4086 warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can
4087 be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on"
4088 file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/
4089
4090 This option is useful, as it disables the trace before
4091 the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to
4092 be filled with content caused by the warning output.
4093
4094 This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl
4095 option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning
4096
Jiri Kosinafcf4d822012-03-21 16:34:02 -07004097 transparent_hugepage=
4098 [KNL]
4099 Format: [always|madvise|never]
4100 Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
4101 with respect to transparent hugepages.
4102 See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
4103
john stultzd3b8f882009-08-17 16:40:47 -07004104 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
Alok Kataria395628e2008-10-24 17:22:01 -07004105 Format: <string>
4106 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
john stultzd3b8f882009-08-17 16:40:47 -07004107 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
4108 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
4109 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
4110 virtualized environment.
Venkatesh Pallipadie82b8e42010-10-04 17:03:20 -07004111 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
4112 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
4113 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
4114 can add overhead.
Alok Kataria395628e2008-10-24 17:22:01 -07004115
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004116 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
4117 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
4118 Format:
4119 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004120 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
4121
Christian Kujaub6935f82011-05-31 15:22:05 +00004122 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
4123 happen after console_init() and before a proper
4124 console driver takes over, this boot options might
4125 help "seeing" what's going on.
4126
Eric Dumazetf86dcc52009-10-07 00:37:59 +00004127 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
4128 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
4129
Alan Stern5f8364b2006-12-05 16:29:55 -05004130 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
4131 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
4132 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
4133 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
4134 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
4135 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
4136 reported either.
4137
Simon Arlotte3a61b02008-07-19 23:32:54 +01004138 unknown_nmi_panic
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07004139 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
Simon Arlotte3a61b02008-07-19 23:32:54 +01004140
Carl-Daniel Hailfingerc4fc2342011-05-31 21:31:08 +02004141 usbcore.authorized_default=
4142 [USB] Default USB device authorization:
4143 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
4144 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized)
4145
Alan Sternb5e795f2007-02-20 15:00:53 -05004146 usbcore.autosuspend=
4147 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
4148 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
4149 is the time required before an idle device will be
4150 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
Alan Sterneaafbc32007-03-13 16:39:15 -04004151 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
Alan Sternb5e795f2007-02-20 15:00:53 -05004152
Jaroslav Kyselafd7c5192008-10-10 16:24:45 +02004153 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
4154 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
4155
Alan Stern0290cc92015-11-20 13:53:22 -05004156 usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max=
4157 [USB] Maximum number of bytes to snoop in each URB
4158 (default = 65536).
4159
Jaroslav Kyselafd7c5192008-10-10 16:24:45 +02004160 usbcore.blinkenlights=
4161 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
4162
4163 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
4164 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
4165 scheme (default 0 = off).
4166
Alan Stern3f5eb8d2011-11-17 16:41:35 -05004167 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
4168 [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
4169 usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
4170
Jaroslav Kyselafd7c5192008-10-10 16:24:45 +02004171 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
4172 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
4173 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
4174
4175 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
4176 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
4177 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
4178 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
4179
Oliver Neukum40d58142015-12-03 15:03:32 +01004180 usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
4181
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004182 usbhid.mousepoll=
4183 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004184
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004185 usb-storage.delay_use=
4186 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
Mark Knibbs19101952014-11-04 13:00:15 +00004187 scanned for Logical Units (default 1).
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004188
4189 usb-storage.quirks=
4190 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
4191 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
4192 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
4193 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
4194 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
4195 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
4196 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05004197 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
4198 of sense data);
Alan Sterna0bb1082009-12-07 16:39:16 -05004199 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
4200 bytes of sense data);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004201 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
4202 device capacity by one sector);
Karl Relton51169012011-05-18 21:42:34 +01004203 d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
4204 READ_DISC_INFO command);
4205 e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
4206 READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
Hans de Goede734016b2014-09-16 18:36:52 +02004207 f = NO_REPORT_OPCODES (don't use report opcodes
4208 command, uas only);
Hans de Goedeee136af2015-04-21 11:20:31 +02004209 g = MAX_SECTORS_240 (don't transfer more than
4210 240 sectors at a time, uas only);
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05004211 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
4212 reported device capacity by one
4213 sector if the number is odd);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004214 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
4215 device);
Hans de Goede13630742016-04-12 12:27:09 +02004216 j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns
4217 command, uas only);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004218 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
4219 unlock ejectable media);
4220 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
4221 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
Alan Stern21c13a42011-06-07 11:35:52 -04004222 n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
4223 initial READ(10) command);
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05004224 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
4225 reported by the device);
Namjae Jeoneaa05df2012-07-07 23:05:28 -04004226 p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
4227 by default);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004228 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
4229 bogus residue values);
4230 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
4231 Logical Unit);
Hans de Goede59307852014-09-15 16:04:12 +02004232 t = NO_ATA_1X (don't allow ATA(12) and ATA(16)
4233 commands, uas only);
Alan Sternb6089f12014-09-02 15:42:18 -04004234 u = IGNORE_UAS (don't bind to the uas driver);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05004235 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
4236 medium is write-protected).
4237 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
4238
Stephen Boydac1667d2011-08-13 12:34:50 -07004239 user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
4240 Format: <int>
4241 See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
4242 1 - undefined instruction events
4243 2 - system calls
4244 4 - invalid data aborts
4245 8 - SIGSEGV faults
4246 16 - SIGBUS faults
4247 Example: user_debug=31
4248
Ian Campbell14315592010-02-17 10:38:10 +00004249 userpte=
4250 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
4251
4252 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
4253 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
4254 of CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
4255
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05304256 vdso= [X86,SH]
Andy Lutomirskib0b49f22014-03-13 16:01:26 -07004257 On X86_32, this is an alias for vdso32=. Otherwise:
4258
4259 vdso=1: enable VDSO (the default)
Ingo Molnare6e54942006-06-27 02:53:50 -07004260 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
4261
Andy Lutomirskib0b49f22014-03-13 16:01:26 -07004262 vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO
4263 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO
4264 vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO
4265
4266 See the help text for CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO for more
4267 details. If CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO is set, the default is
4268 vdso32=0; otherwise, the default is vdso32=1.
4269
4270 For compatibility with older kernels, vdso32=2 is an
4271 alias for vdso32=0.
4272
4273 Try vdso32=0 if you encounter an error that says:
4274 dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed!
Roland McGrathaf65d642008-01-30 13:30:43 +01004275
Yasuaki Ishimatsud080d392007-07-17 21:22:55 +09004276 vector= [IA-64,SMP]
4277 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
4278
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004279 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
4280 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
4281
Aaron Lu3afe6da2013-06-20 15:08:55 +08004282 video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1]
4283 If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event
4284 generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness
4285 level and then send out the event to user space through
4286 the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver
4287 will only send out the event without touching backlight
4288 brightness level.
Rafael J. Wysocki28437682014-07-14 19:35:45 +02004289 default: 1
Aaron Lu3afe6da2013-06-20 15:08:55 +08004290
Pawel Moll81a054c2012-05-09 18:30:16 +01004291 virtio_mmio.device=
4292 [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
4293
4294 <size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
4295 where:
4296 <size> := size (can use standard suffixes
4297 like K, M and G)
4298 <baseaddr> := physical base address
4299 <irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
4300 request_irq())
4301 <id> := (optional) platform device id
4302 example:
4303 virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
4304
4305 Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
4306
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07004307 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
Kyle McMartin954a8b82009-02-19 16:48:14 -05004308 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004309 Documentation/svga.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004310 Use vga=ask for menu.
4311 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
4312 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
4313
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004314 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004315 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
4316 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
4317 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
4318 mapped kernel RAM.
4319
Peter Oberparleiter585c3042006-06-29 15:08:25 +02004320 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
4321 Format: <command>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004322
Peter Oberparleiter585c3042006-06-29 15:08:25 +02004323 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
4324 Format: <command>
4325
4326 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
4327 Format: <command>
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004328
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04004329 vsyscall= [X86-64]
4330 Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
4331 fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
4332 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
4333 versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
4334 functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
4335 targets for exploits that can control RIP.
4336
Andy Lutomirski2e57ae02011-11-07 16:33:41 -08004337 emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
4338 emulated reasonably safely.
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04004339
Andy Lutomirski2e57ae02011-11-07 16:33:41 -08004340 native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions.
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04004341 This is a little bit faster than trapping
4342 and makes a few dynamic recompilers work
4343 better than they would in emulation mode.
4344 It also makes exploits much easier to write.
4345
4346 none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
4347 them quite hard to use for exploits but
4348 might break your system.
4349
Clemens Ladisch3855ae12013-08-04 13:09:50 +02004350 vt.color= [VT] Default text color.
4351 Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background.
4352 Default: 0x07 = light gray on black.
4353
Clemens Ladisch9ea9a882009-12-15 16:45:39 -08004354 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
4355 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
4356 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
4357 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
4358
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07004359 vt.default_blu= [VT]
4360 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
4361 Change the default blue palette of the console.
4362 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4363 ranging from 0-255.
4364
4365 vt.default_grn= [VT]
4366 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
4367 Change the default green palette of the console.
4368 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4369 ranging from 0-255.
4370
4371 vt.default_red= [VT]
4372 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
4373 Change the default red palette of the console.
4374 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4375 ranging from 0-255.
4376
4377 vt.default_utf8=
4378 [VT]
4379 Format=<0|1>
4380 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
4381 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
4382 newly opened terminals.
4383
Matthew Garrettf6c06b62009-11-13 15:14:11 -05004384 vt.global_cursor_default=
4385 [VT]
4386 Format=<-1|0|1>
4387 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
4388 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
4389 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
4390 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
4391 cursors, 1 will display them.
4392
Clemens Ladisch3855ae12013-08-04 13:09:50 +02004393 vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15.
4394 Default: 2 = green.
4395
4396 vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15.
4397 Default: 3 = cyan.
4398
Randy Dunlap4724ba572010-05-03 11:42:52 -07004399 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
4400 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
4401 or other driver-specific files in the
4402 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004403
Tejun Heo82607adc2015-12-08 11:28:04 -05004404 workqueue.watchdog_thresh=
4405 If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG is configured, workqueue can
4406 warn stall conditions and dump internal state to
4407 help debugging. 0 disables workqueue stall
4408 detection; otherwise, it's the stall threshold
4409 duration in seconds. The default value is 30 and
4410 it can be updated at runtime by writing to the
4411 corresponding sysfs file.
4412
Tejun Heod55262c2013-04-01 11:23:38 -07004413 workqueue.disable_numa
4414 By default, all work items queued to unbound
4415 workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're
4416 issued on, which results in better behavior in
4417 general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for
4418 whatever reason, this option can be used. Note
4419 that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for
4420 workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/.
4421
Viresh Kumarcee22a12013-04-08 16:45:40 +05304422 workqueue.power_efficient
4423 Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because
4424 they show better performance thanks to cache
4425 locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to
4426 be more power hungry than unbound workqueues.
4427
4428 Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which
4429 were observed to contribute significantly to power
4430 consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower
4431 power usage at the cost of small performance
4432 overhead.
4433
4434 The default value of this parameter is determined by
4435 the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT.
4436
Tejun Heof303fcc2016-02-09 17:59:38 -05004437 workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu
4438 Workqueue used to implicitly guarantee that work
4439 items queued without explicit CPU specified are put
4440 on the local CPU. This guarantee is no longer true
4441 and while local CPU is still preferred work items
4442 may be put on foreign CPUs. This debug option
4443 forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out
4444 usages which depend on the now broken guarantee.
4445 When enabled, memory and cache locality will be
4446 impacted.
4447
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07004448 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
4449 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
4450 supporting x2apic.
4451
Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan712b6aa2013-10-17 15:35:29 -07004452 x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
4453 Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform.
Jacob Panbb24c472009-09-02 07:37:17 -07004454 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
4455 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan712b6aa2013-10-17 15:35:29 -07004456 x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
Jacob Panbb24c472009-09-02 07:37:17 -07004457
Juergen Grossc70727a2015-07-17 06:51:36 +02004458 xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN]
4459 Restricts the kernel running paravirtualized under Xen
4460 to use only up to 512 GB of RAM. The reason to do so is
4461 crash analysis tools and Xen tools for doing domain
4462 save/restore/migration must be enabled to handle larger
4463 domains.
4464
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +01004465 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
4466 Unplug Xen emulated devices
4467 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
4468 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
4469 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
4470 nics -- unplug network devices
4471 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
Ian Campbell1dc7ce92010-08-23 11:59:29 +01004472 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
4473 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
4474 the unplug protocol
Ian Campbellc93a4df2010-08-23 11:59:28 +01004475 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +01004476
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk15a3eac2013-09-25 10:07:20 -04004477 xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN]
4478 Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV
4479 optimizations.
4480
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk8d693b92014-07-11 11:51:35 -04004481 xen_nopv [X86]
4482 Disables the PV optimizations forcing the HVM guest to
4483 run as generic HVM guest with no PV drivers.
4484
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004485 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004486 Format:
4487 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004488
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07004489______________________________________________________________________
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004490
4491TODO:
4492
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07004493 Add more DRM drivers.