mm: make compound_head() robust
Hugh has pointed that compound_head() call can be unsafe in some
context. There's one example:
CPU0 CPU1
isolate_migratepages_block()
page_count()
compound_head()
!!PageTail() == true
put_page()
tail->first_page = NULL
head = tail->first_page
alloc_pages(__GFP_COMP)
prep_compound_page()
tail->first_page = head
__SetPageTail(p);
!!PageTail() == true
<head == NULL dereferencing>
The race is pure theoretical. I don't it's possible to trigger it in
practice. But who knows.
We can fix the race by changing how encode PageTail() and compound_head()
within struct page to be able to update them in one shot.
The patch introduces page->compound_head into third double word block in
front of compound_dtor and compound_order. Bit 0 encodes PageTail() and
the rest bits are pointer to head page if bit zero is set.
The patch moves page->pmd_huge_pte out of word, just in case if an
architecture defines pgtable_t into something what can have the bit 0
set.
hugetlb_cgroup uses page->lru.next in the second tail page to store
pointer struct hugetlb_cgroup. The patch switch it to use page->private
in the second tail page instead. The space is free since ->first_page is
removed from the union.
The patch also opens possibility to remove HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
limitation, since there's now space in first tail page to store struct
hugetlb_cgroup pointer. But that's out of scope of the patch.
That means page->compound_head shares storage space with:
- page->lru.next;
- page->next;
- page->rcu_head.next;
That's too long list to be absolutely sure, but looks like nobody uses
bit 0 of the word.
page->rcu_head.next guaranteed[1] to have bit 0 clean as long as we use
call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), call_rcu_sched(), or call_srcu(). But future
call_rcu_lazy() is not allowed as it makes use of the bit and we can
get false positive PageTail().
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20150827163634.GD4029@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/include/linux/hugetlb_cgroup.h b/include/linux/hugetlb_cgroup.h
index 7edd305..24154c2 100644
--- a/include/linux/hugetlb_cgroup.h
+++ b/include/linux/hugetlb_cgroup.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
if (compound_order(page) < HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER)
return NULL;
- return (struct hugetlb_cgroup *)page[2].lru.next;
+ return (struct hugetlb_cgroup *)page[2].private;
}
static inline
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
if (compound_order(page) < HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER)
return -1;
- page[2].lru.next = (void *)h_cg;
+ page[2].private = (unsigned long)h_cg;
return 0;
}
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 6581c21..9671b6f 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -430,46 +430,6 @@
#endif
}
-static inline struct page *compound_head_by_tail(struct page *tail)
-{
- struct page *head = tail->first_page;
-
- /*
- * page->first_page may be a dangling pointer to an old
- * compound page, so recheck that it is still a tail
- * page before returning.
- */
- smp_rmb();
- if (likely(PageTail(tail)))
- return head;
- return tail;
-}
-
-/*
- * Since either compound page could be dismantled asynchronously in THP
- * or we access asynchronously arbitrary positioned struct page, there
- * would be tail flag race. To handle this race, we should call
- * smp_rmb() before checking tail flag. compound_head_by_tail() did it.
- */
-static inline struct page *compound_head(struct page *page)
-{
- if (unlikely(PageTail(page)))
- return compound_head_by_tail(page);
- return page;
-}
-
-/*
- * If we access compound page synchronously such as access to
- * allocated page, there is no need to handle tail flag race, so we can
- * check tail flag directly without any synchronization primitive.
- */
-static inline struct page *compound_head_fast(struct page *page)
-{
- if (unlikely(PageTail(page)))
- return page->first_page;
- return page;
-}
-
/*
* The atomic page->_mapcount, starts from -1: so that transitions
* both from it and to it can be tracked, using atomic_inc_and_test
@@ -518,7 +478,7 @@
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageTail(page), page);
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_mapcount(page) < 0, page);
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(atomic_read(&page->_count) != 0, page);
- if (compound_tail_refcounted(page->first_page))
+ if (compound_tail_refcounted(compound_head(page)))
atomic_inc(&page->_mapcount);
}
@@ -541,13 +501,7 @@
{
struct page *page = virt_to_page(x);
- /*
- * We don't need to worry about synchronization of tail flag
- * when we call virt_to_head_page() since it is only called for
- * already allocated page and this page won't be freed until
- * this virt_to_head_page() is finished. So use _fast variant.
- */
- return compound_head_fast(page);
+ return compound_head(page);
}
/*
@@ -1586,8 +1540,7 @@
* with 0. Make sure nobody took it in use in between.
*
* It can happen if arch try to use slab for page table allocation:
- * slab code uses page->slab_cache and page->first_page (for tail
- * pages), which share storage with page->ptl.
+ * slab code uses page->slab_cache, which share storage with page->ptl.
*/
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(*(unsigned long *)&page->ptl, page);
if (!ptlock_alloc(page))
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
index e334ef7..bb91658 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -111,7 +111,13 @@
};
};
- /* Third double word block */
+ /*
+ * Third double word block
+ *
+ * WARNING: bit 0 of the first word encode PageTail(). That means
+ * the rest users of the storage space MUST NOT use the bit to
+ * avoid collision and false-positive PageTail().
+ */
union {
struct list_head lru; /* Pageout list, eg. active_list
* protected by zone->lru_lock !
@@ -132,14 +138,23 @@
struct rcu_head rcu_head; /* Used by SLAB
* when destroying via RCU
*/
- /* First tail page of compound page */
+ /* Tail pages of compound page */
struct {
+ unsigned long compound_head; /* If bit zero is set */
+
+ /* First tail page only */
unsigned short int compound_dtor;
unsigned short int compound_order;
};
#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
- pgtable_t pmd_huge_pte; /* protected by page->ptl */
+ struct {
+ unsigned long __pad; /* do not overlay pmd_huge_pte
+ * with compound_head to avoid
+ * possible bit 0 collision.
+ */
+ pgtable_t pmd_huge_pte; /* protected by page->ptl */
+ };
#endif
};
@@ -160,7 +175,6 @@
#endif
#endif
struct kmem_cache *slab_cache; /* SL[AU]B: Pointer to slab */
- struct page *first_page; /* Compound tail pages */
};
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index a525e50..bb53c7b 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -86,12 +86,7 @@
PG_private, /* If pagecache, has fs-private data */
PG_private_2, /* If pagecache, has fs aux data */
PG_writeback, /* Page is under writeback */
-#ifdef CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
PG_head, /* A head page */
- PG_tail, /* A tail page */
-#else
- PG_compound, /* A compound page */
-#endif
PG_swapcache, /* Swap page: swp_entry_t in private */
PG_mappedtodisk, /* Has blocks allocated on-disk */
PG_reclaim, /* To be reclaimed asap */
@@ -398,21 +393,35 @@
test_set_page_writeback_keepwrite(page);
}
-#ifdef CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
-/*
- * System with lots of page flags available. This allows separate
- * flags for PageHead() and PageTail() checks of compound pages so that bit
- * tests can be used in performance sensitive paths. PageCompound is
- * generally not used in hot code paths except arch/powerpc/mm/init_64.c
- * and arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_vio_hv.c which use it to detect huge pages
- * and avoid handling those in real mode.
- */
__PAGEFLAG(Head, head) CLEARPAGEFLAG(Head, head)
-__PAGEFLAG(Tail, tail)
+
+static inline int PageTail(struct page *page)
+{
+ return READ_ONCE(page->compound_head) & 1;
+}
+
+static inline void set_compound_head(struct page *page, struct page *head)
+{
+ WRITE_ONCE(page->compound_head, (unsigned long)head + 1);
+}
+
+static inline void clear_compound_head(struct page *page)
+{
+ WRITE_ONCE(page->compound_head, 0);
+}
+
+static inline struct page *compound_head(struct page *page)
+{
+ unsigned long head = READ_ONCE(page->compound_head);
+
+ if (unlikely(head & 1))
+ return (struct page *) (head - 1);
+ return page;
+}
static inline int PageCompound(struct page *page)
{
- return page->flags & ((1L << PG_head) | (1L << PG_tail));
+ return PageHead(page) || PageTail(page);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
@@ -425,59 +434,6 @@
#define PG_head_mask ((1L << PG_head))
-#else
-/*
- * Reduce page flag use as much as possible by overlapping
- * compound page flags with the flags used for page cache pages. Possible
- * because PageCompound is always set for compound pages and not for
- * pages on the LRU and/or pagecache.
- */
-TESTPAGEFLAG(Compound, compound)
-__SETPAGEFLAG(Head, compound) __CLEARPAGEFLAG(Head, compound)
-
-/*
- * PG_reclaim is used in combination with PG_compound to mark the
- * head and tail of a compound page. This saves one page flag
- * but makes it impossible to use compound pages for the page cache.
- * The PG_reclaim bit would have to be used for reclaim or readahead
- * if compound pages enter the page cache.
- *
- * PG_compound & PG_reclaim => Tail page
- * PG_compound & ~PG_reclaim => Head page
- */
-#define PG_head_mask ((1L << PG_compound))
-#define PG_head_tail_mask ((1L << PG_compound) | (1L << PG_reclaim))
-
-static inline int PageHead(struct page *page)
-{
- return ((page->flags & PG_head_tail_mask) == PG_head_mask);
-}
-
-static inline int PageTail(struct page *page)
-{
- return ((page->flags & PG_head_tail_mask) == PG_head_tail_mask);
-}
-
-static inline void __SetPageTail(struct page *page)
-{
- page->flags |= PG_head_tail_mask;
-}
-
-static inline void __ClearPageTail(struct page *page)
-{
- page->flags &= ~PG_head_tail_mask;
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static inline void ClearPageCompound(struct page *page)
-{
- BUG_ON((page->flags & PG_head_tail_mask) != (1 << PG_compound));
- clear_bit(PG_compound, &page->flags);
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED */
-
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
int PageHuge(struct page *page);
int PageHeadHuge(struct page *page);