pid: replace pid bitmap implementation with IDR API
Patch series "Replacing PID bitmap implementation with IDR API", v4.
This series replaces kernel bitmap implementation of PID allocation with
IDR API. These patches are written to simplify the kernel by replacing
custom code with calls to generic code.
The following are the stats for pid and pid_namespace object files
before and after the replacement. There is a noteworthy change between
the IDR and bitmap implementation.
Before
text data bss dec hex filename
8447 3894 64 12405 3075 kernel/pid.o
After
text data bss dec hex filename
3397 304 0 3701 e75 kernel/pid.o
Before
text data bss dec hex filename
5692 1842 192 7726 1e2e kernel/pid_namespace.o
After
text data bss dec hex filename
2854 216 16 3086 c0e kernel/pid_namespace.o
The following are the stats for ps, pstree and calling readdir on /proc
for 10,000 processes.
ps:
With IDR API With bitmap
real 0m1.479s 0m2.319s
user 0m0.070s 0m0.060s
sys 0m0.289s 0m0.516s
pstree:
With IDR API With bitmap
real 0m1.024s 0m1.794s
user 0m0.348s 0m0.612s
sys 0m0.184s 0m0.264s
proc:
With IDR API With bitmap
real 0m0.059s 0m0.074s
user 0m0.000s 0m0.004s
sys 0m0.016s 0m0.016s
This patch (of 2):
Replace the current bitmap implementation for Process ID allocation.
Functions that are no longer required, for example, free_pidmap(),
alloc_pidmap(), etc. are removed. The rest of the functions are
modified to use the IDR API. The change was made to make the PID
allocation less complex by replacing custom code with calls to generic
API.
[gs051095@gmail.com: v6]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507760379-21662-2-git-send-email-gs051095@gmail.com
[avagin@openvz.org: restore the old behaviour of the ns_last_pid sysctl]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171106183144.16368-1-avagin@openvz.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507583624-22146-2-git-send-email-gs051095@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gargi Sharma <gs051095@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/sched.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/sched.c
index 1fbb5da..e47761c 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/sched.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/sched.c
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@
LOAD_INT(c), LOAD_FRAC(c),
count_active_contexts(),
atomic_read(&nr_spu_contexts),
- task_active_pid_ns(current)->last_pid);
+ idr_get_cursor(&task_active_pid_ns(current)->idr));
return 0;
}
diff --git a/fs/proc/loadavg.c b/fs/proc/loadavg.c
index 9bc5c58..a000d75 100644
--- a/fs/proc/loadavg.c
+++ b/fs/proc/loadavg.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
LOAD_INT(avnrun[1]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[1]),
LOAD_INT(avnrun[2]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[2]),
nr_running(), nr_threads,
- task_active_pid_ns(current)->last_pid);
+ idr_get_cursor(&task_active_pid_ns(current)->idr));
return 0;
}
diff --git a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
index c78af60..92c6aa5 100644
--- a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
+++ b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
@@ -10,15 +10,8 @@
#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
#include <linux/kref.h>
#include <linux/ns_common.h>
+#include <linux/idr.h>
-struct pidmap {
- atomic_t nr_free;
- void *page;
-};
-
-#define BITS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE * 8)
-#define BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK (BITS_PER_PAGE-1)
-#define PIDMAP_ENTRIES ((PID_MAX_LIMIT+BITS_PER_PAGE-1)/BITS_PER_PAGE)
struct fs_pin;
@@ -30,9 +23,8 @@
struct pid_namespace {
struct kref kref;
- struct pidmap pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES];
+ struct idr idr;
struct rcu_head rcu;
- int last_pid;
unsigned int nr_hashed;
struct task_struct *child_reaper;
struct kmem_cache *pid_cachep;
@@ -106,6 +98,6 @@
extern struct pid_namespace *task_active_pid_ns(struct task_struct *tsk);
void pidhash_init(void);
-void pidmap_init(void);
+void pid_idr_init(void);
#endif /* _LINUX_PID_NS_H */
diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
index 859a786..d0cbcfc 100644
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@
if (late_time_init)
late_time_init();
calibrate_delay();
- pidmap_init();
+ pid_idr_init();
anon_vma_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
diff --git a/kernel/pid.c b/kernel/pid.c
index 020dedb..0ce5936 100644
--- a/kernel/pid.c
+++ b/kernel/pid.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
+#include <linux/idr.h>
#define pid_hashfn(nr, ns) \
hash_long((unsigned long)nr + (unsigned long)ns, pidhash_shift)
@@ -53,14 +54,6 @@
int pid_max_min = RESERVED_PIDS + 1;
int pid_max_max = PID_MAX_LIMIT;
-static inline int mk_pid(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns,
- struct pidmap *map, int off)
-{
- return (map - pid_ns->pidmap)*BITS_PER_PAGE + off;
-}
-
-#define find_next_offset(map, off) \
- find_next_zero_bit((map)->page, BITS_PER_PAGE, off)
/*
* PID-map pages start out as NULL, they get allocated upon
@@ -70,10 +63,7 @@
*/
struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = {
.kref = KREF_INIT(2),
- .pidmap = {
- [ 0 ... PIDMAP_ENTRIES-1] = { ATOMIC_INIT(BITS_PER_PAGE), NULL }
- },
- .last_pid = 0,
+ .idr = IDR_INIT,
.nr_hashed = PIDNS_HASH_ADDING,
.level = 0,
.child_reaper = &init_task,
@@ -101,138 +91,6 @@
static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pidmap_lock);
-static void free_pidmap(struct upid *upid)
-{
- int nr = upid->nr;
- struct pidmap *map = upid->ns->pidmap + nr / BITS_PER_PAGE;
- int offset = nr & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK;
-
- clear_bit(offset, map->page);
- atomic_inc(&map->nr_free);
-}
-
-/*
- * If we started walking pids at 'base', is 'a' seen before 'b'?
- */
-static int pid_before(int base, int a, int b)
-{
- /*
- * This is the same as saying
- *
- * (a - base + MAXUINT) % MAXUINT < (b - base + MAXUINT) % MAXUINT
- * and that mapping orders 'a' and 'b' with respect to 'base'.
- */
- return (unsigned)(a - base) < (unsigned)(b - base);
-}
-
-/*
- * We might be racing with someone else trying to set pid_ns->last_pid
- * at the pid allocation time (there's also a sysctl for this, but racing
- * with this one is OK, see comment in kernel/pid_namespace.c about it).
- * We want the winner to have the "later" value, because if the
- * "earlier" value prevails, then a pid may get reused immediately.
- *
- * Since pids rollover, it is not sufficient to just pick the bigger
- * value. We have to consider where we started counting from.
- *
- * 'base' is the value of pid_ns->last_pid that we observed when
- * we started looking for a pid.
- *
- * 'pid' is the pid that we eventually found.
- */
-static void set_last_pid(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int base, int pid)
-{
- int prev;
- int last_write = base;
- do {
- prev = last_write;
- last_write = cmpxchg(&pid_ns->last_pid, prev, pid);
- } while ((prev != last_write) && (pid_before(base, last_write, pid)));
-}
-
-static int alloc_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
-{
- int i, offset, max_scan, pid, last = pid_ns->last_pid;
- struct pidmap *map;
-
- pid = last + 1;
- if (pid >= pid_max)
- pid = RESERVED_PIDS;
- offset = pid & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK;
- map = &pid_ns->pidmap[pid/BITS_PER_PAGE];
- /*
- * If last_pid points into the middle of the map->page we
- * want to scan this bitmap block twice, the second time
- * we start with offset == 0 (or RESERVED_PIDS).
- */
- max_scan = DIV_ROUND_UP(pid_max, BITS_PER_PAGE) - !offset;
- for (i = 0; i <= max_scan; ++i) {
- if (unlikely(!map->page)) {
- void *page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
- /*
- * Free the page if someone raced with us
- * installing it:
- */
- spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
- if (!map->page) {
- map->page = page;
- page = NULL;
- }
- spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
- kfree(page);
- if (unlikely(!map->page))
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
- if (likely(atomic_read(&map->nr_free))) {
- for ( ; ; ) {
- if (!test_and_set_bit(offset, map->page)) {
- atomic_dec(&map->nr_free);
- set_last_pid(pid_ns, last, pid);
- return pid;
- }
- offset = find_next_offset(map, offset);
- if (offset >= BITS_PER_PAGE)
- break;
- pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset);
- if (pid >= pid_max)
- break;
- }
- }
- if (map < &pid_ns->pidmap[(pid_max-1)/BITS_PER_PAGE]) {
- ++map;
- offset = 0;
- } else {
- map = &pid_ns->pidmap[0];
- offset = RESERVED_PIDS;
- if (unlikely(last == offset))
- break;
- }
- pid = mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset);
- }
- return -EAGAIN;
-}
-
-int next_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, unsigned int last)
-{
- int offset;
- struct pidmap *map, *end;
-
- if (last >= PID_MAX_LIMIT)
- return -1;
-
- offset = (last + 1) & BITS_PER_PAGE_MASK;
- map = &pid_ns->pidmap[(last + 1)/BITS_PER_PAGE];
- end = &pid_ns->pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES];
- for (; map < end; map++, offset = 0) {
- if (unlikely(!map->page))
- continue;
- offset = find_next_bit((map)->page, BITS_PER_PAGE, offset);
- if (offset < BITS_PER_PAGE)
- return mk_pid(pid_ns, map, offset);
- }
- return -1;
-}
-
void put_pid(struct pid *pid)
{
struct pid_namespace *ns;
@@ -266,7 +124,7 @@
struct upid *upid = pid->numbers + i;
struct pid_namespace *ns = upid->ns;
hlist_del_rcu(&upid->pid_chain);
- switch(--ns->nr_hashed) {
+ switch (--ns->nr_hashed) {
case 2:
case 1:
/* When all that is left in the pid namespace
@@ -284,12 +142,11 @@
schedule_work(&ns->proc_work);
break;
}
+
+ idr_remove(&ns->idr, upid->nr);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pidmap_lock, flags);
- for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++)
- free_pidmap(pid->numbers + i);
-
call_rcu(&pid->rcu, delayed_put_pid);
}
@@ -308,8 +165,29 @@
tmp = ns;
pid->level = ns->level;
+
for (i = ns->level; i >= 0; i--) {
- nr = alloc_pidmap(tmp);
+ int pid_min = 1;
+
+ idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
+ spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+
+ /*
+ * init really needs pid 1, but after reaching the maximum
+ * wrap back to RESERVED_PIDS
+ */
+ if (idr_get_cursor(&tmp->idr) > RESERVED_PIDS)
+ pid_min = RESERVED_PIDS;
+
+ /*
+ * Store a null pointer so find_pid_ns does not find
+ * a partially initialized PID (see below).
+ */
+ nr = idr_alloc_cyclic(&tmp->idr, NULL, pid_min,
+ pid_max, GFP_ATOMIC);
+ spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+ idr_preload_end();
+
if (nr < 0) {
retval = nr;
goto out_free;
@@ -339,6 +217,8 @@
for ( ; upid >= pid->numbers; --upid) {
hlist_add_head_rcu(&upid->pid_chain,
&pid_hash[pid_hashfn(upid->nr, upid->ns)]);
+ /* Make the PID visible to find_pid_ns. */
+ idr_replace(&upid->ns->idr, pid, upid->nr);
upid->ns->nr_hashed++;
}
spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
@@ -350,8 +230,11 @@
put_pid_ns(ns);
out_free:
+ spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
while (++i <= ns->level)
- free_pidmap(pid->numbers + i);
+ idr_remove(&ns->idr, (pid->numbers + i)->nr);
+
+ spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid);
return ERR_PTR(retval);
@@ -553,16 +436,7 @@
*/
struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns)
{
- struct pid *pid;
-
- do {
- pid = find_pid_ns(nr, ns);
- if (pid)
- break;
- nr = next_pidmap(ns, nr);
- } while (nr > 0);
-
- return pid;
+ return idr_get_next(&ns->idr, &nr);
}
/*
@@ -578,7 +452,7 @@
0, 4096);
}
-void __init pidmap_init(void)
+void __init pid_idr_init(void)
{
/* Verify no one has done anything silly: */
BUILD_BUG_ON(PID_MAX_LIMIT >= PIDNS_HASH_ADDING);
@@ -590,10 +464,7 @@
PIDS_PER_CPU_MIN * num_possible_cpus());
pr_info("pid_max: default: %u minimum: %u\n", pid_max, pid_max_min);
- init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
- /* Reserve PID 0. We never call free_pidmap(0) */
- set_bit(0, init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].page);
- atomic_dec(&init_pid_ns.pidmap[0].nr_free);
+ idr_init(&init_pid_ns.idr);
init_pid_ns.pid_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(pid,
SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_ACCOUNT);
diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
index 4918314..ca7c8a8 100644
--- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c
+++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
+#include <linux/idr.h>
struct pid_cache {
int nr_ids;
@@ -98,7 +99,6 @@
struct pid_namespace *ns;
unsigned int level = parent_pid_ns->level + 1;
struct ucounts *ucounts;
- int i;
int err;
err = -EINVAL;
@@ -117,17 +117,15 @@
if (ns == NULL)
goto out_dec;
- ns->pidmap[0].page = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!ns->pidmap[0].page)
- goto out_free;
+ idr_init(&ns->idr);
ns->pid_cachep = create_pid_cachep(level + 1);
if (ns->pid_cachep == NULL)
- goto out_free_map;
+ goto out_free_idr;
err = ns_alloc_inum(&ns->ns);
if (err)
- goto out_free_map;
+ goto out_free_idr;
ns->ns.ops = &pidns_operations;
kref_init(&ns->kref);
@@ -138,17 +136,10 @@
ns->nr_hashed = PIDNS_HASH_ADDING;
INIT_WORK(&ns->proc_work, proc_cleanup_work);
- set_bit(0, ns->pidmap[0].page);
- atomic_set(&ns->pidmap[0].nr_free, BITS_PER_PAGE - 1);
-
- for (i = 1; i < PIDMAP_ENTRIES; i++)
- atomic_set(&ns->pidmap[i].nr_free, BITS_PER_PAGE);
-
return ns;
-out_free_map:
- kfree(ns->pidmap[0].page);
-out_free:
+out_free_idr:
+ idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
out_dec:
dec_pid_namespaces(ucounts);
@@ -168,11 +159,9 @@
static void destroy_pid_namespace(struct pid_namespace *ns)
{
- int i;
-
ns_free_inum(&ns->ns);
- for (i = 0; i < PIDMAP_ENTRIES; i++)
- kfree(ns->pidmap[i].page);
+
+ idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
call_rcu(&ns->rcu, delayed_free_pidns);
}
@@ -213,6 +202,7 @@
int rc;
struct task_struct *task, *me = current;
int init_pids = thread_group_leader(me) ? 1 : 2;
+ struct pid *pid;
/* Don't allow any more processes into the pid namespace */
disable_pid_allocation(pid_ns);
@@ -239,20 +229,16 @@
* maintain a tasklist for each pid namespace.
*
*/
+ rcu_read_lock();
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
- nr = next_pidmap(pid_ns, 1);
- while (nr > 0) {
- rcu_read_lock();
-
- task = pid_task(find_vpid(nr), PIDTYPE_PID);
+ nr = 2;
+ idr_for_each_entry_continue(&pid_ns->idr, pid, nr) {
+ task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
if (task && !__fatal_signal_pending(task))
send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_FORCED, task);
-
- rcu_read_unlock();
-
- nr = next_pidmap(pid_ns, nr);
}
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* Reap the EXIT_ZOMBIE children we had before we ignored SIGCHLD.
@@ -301,6 +287,7 @@
{
struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
struct ctl_table tmp = *table;
+ int ret, next;
if (write && !ns_capable(pid_ns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
@@ -311,8 +298,14 @@
* it should synchronize its usage with external means.
*/
- tmp.data = &pid_ns->last_pid;
- return proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+ next = idr_get_cursor(&pid_ns->idr) - 1;
+
+ tmp.data = &next;
+ ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+ if (!ret && write)
+ idr_set_cursor(&pid_ns->idr, next + 1);
+
+ return ret;
}
extern int pid_max;