mm/sparse.c

/*
 * sparse memory mappings.
 */
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include <asm/dma.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>

/*
 * Permanent SPARSEMEM data:
 *
 * 1) mem_section	- memory sections, mem_map's for valid memory
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
struct mem_section *mem_section[NR_SECTION_ROOTS]
	____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
#else
struct mem_section mem_section[NR_SECTION_ROOTS][SECTIONS_PER_ROOT]
	____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
#endif
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_section);

#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
/*
 * If we did not store the node number in the page then we have to
 * do a lookup in the section_to_node_table in order to find which
 * node the page belongs to.
 */
#if MAX_NUMNODES <= 256
static u8 section_to_node_table[NR_MEM_SECTIONS] __cacheline_aligned;
#else
static u16 section_to_node_table[NR_MEM_SECTIONS] __cacheline_aligned;
#endif

int page_to_nid(struct page *page)
{
	return section_to_node_table[page_to_section(page)];
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_to_nid);

static void set_section_nid(unsigned long section_nr, int nid)
{
	section_to_node_table[section_nr] = nid;
}
#else /* !NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS */
static inline void set_section_nid(unsigned long section_nr, int nid)
{
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
static struct mem_section noinline __init_refok *sparse_index_alloc(int nid)
{
	struct mem_section *section = NULL;
	unsigned long array_size = SECTIONS_PER_ROOT *
				   sizeof(struct mem_section);

	if (slab_is_available()) {
		if (node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY))
			section = kmalloc_node(array_size, GFP_KERNEL, nid);
		else
			section = kmalloc(array_size, GFP_KERNEL);
	} else
		section = alloc_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nid), array_size);

	if (section)
		memset(section, 0, array_size);

	return section;
}

static int __meminit sparse_index_init(unsigned long section_nr, int nid)
{
	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(index_init_lock);
	unsigned long root = SECTION_NR_TO_ROOT(section_nr);
	struct mem_section *section;
	int ret = 0;

	if (mem_section[root])
		return -EEXIST;

	section = sparse_index_alloc(nid);
	if (!section)
		return -ENOMEM;
	/*
	 * This lock keeps two different sections from
	 * reallocating for the same index
	 */
	spin_lock(&index_init_lock);

	if (mem_section[root]) {
		ret = -EEXIST;
		goto out;
	}

	mem_section[root] = section;
out:
	spin_unlock(&index_init_lock);
	return ret;
}
#else /* !SPARSEMEM_EXTREME */
static inline int sparse_index_init(unsigned long section_nr, int nid)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * Although written for the SPARSEMEM_EXTREME case, this happens
 * to also work for the flat array case because
 * NR_SECTION_ROOTS==NR_MEM_SECTIONS.
 */
int __section_nr(struct mem_section* ms)
{
	unsigned long root_nr;
	struct mem_section* root;

	for (root_nr = 0; root_nr < NR_SECTION_ROOTS; root_nr++) {
		root = __nr_to_section(root_nr * SECTIONS_PER_ROOT);
		if (!root)
			continue;

		if ((ms >= root) && (ms < (root + SECTIONS_PER_ROOT)))
		     break;
	}

	return (root_nr * SECTIONS_PER_ROOT) + (ms - root);
}

/*
 * During early boot, before section_mem_map is used for an actual
 * mem_map, we use section_mem_map to store the section's NUMA
 * node.  This keeps us from having to use another data structure.  The
 * node information is cleared just before we store the real mem_map.
 */
static inline unsigned long sparse_encode_early_nid(int nid)
{
	return (nid << SECTION_NID_SHIFT);
}

static inline int sparse_early_nid(struct mem_section *section)
{
	return (section->section_mem_map >> SECTION_NID_SHIFT);
}

/* Validate the physical addressing limitations of the model */
void __meminit mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(unsigned long *start_pfn,
						unsigned long *end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long max_sparsemem_pfn = 1UL << (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS-PAGE_SHIFT);

	/*
	 * Sanity checks - do not allow an architecture to pass
	 * in larger pfns than the maximum scope of sparsemem:
	 */
	if (*start_pfn > max_sparsemem_pfn) {
		mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_WARNING, "pfnvalidation",
			"Start of range %lu -> %lu exceeds SPARSEMEM max %lu\n",
			*start_pfn, *end_pfn, max_sparsemem_pfn);
		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
		*start_pfn = max_sparsemem_pfn;
		*end_pfn = max_sparsemem_pfn;
	} else if (*end_pfn > max_sparsemem_pfn) {
		mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_WARNING, "pfnvalidation",
			"End of range %lu -> %lu exceeds SPARSEMEM max %lu\n",
			*start_pfn, *end_pfn, max_sparsemem_pfn);
		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
		*end_pfn = max_sparsemem_pfn;
	}
}

/* Record a memory area against a node. */
void __init memory_present(int nid, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	unsigned long pfn;

	start &= PAGE_SECTION_MASK;
	mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(&start, &end);
	for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		unsigned long section = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);
		struct mem_section *ms;

		sparse_index_init(section, nid);
		set_section_nid(section, nid);

		ms = __nr_to_section(section);
		if (!ms->section_mem_map)
			ms->section_mem_map = sparse_encode_early_nid(nid) |
							SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT;
	}
}

/*
 * Only used by the i386 NUMA architecures, but relatively
 * generic code.
 */
unsigned long __init node_memmap_size_bytes(int nid, unsigned long start_pfn,
						     unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long pfn;
	unsigned long nr_pages = 0;

	mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(&start_pfn, &end_pfn);
	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		if (nid != early_pfn_to_nid(pfn))
			continue;

		if (pfn_present(pfn))
			nr_pages += PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	}

	return nr_pages * sizeof(struct page);
}

/*
 * Subtle, we encode the real pfn into the mem_map such that
 * the identity pfn - section_mem_map will return the actual
 * physical page frame number.
 */
static unsigned long sparse_encode_mem_map(struct page *mem_map, unsigned long pnum)
{
	return (unsigned long)(mem_map - (section_nr_to_pfn(pnum)));
}

/*
 * Decode mem_map from the coded memmap
 */
struct page *sparse_decode_mem_map(unsigned long coded_mem_map, unsigned long pnum)
{
	/* mask off the extra low bits of information */
	coded_mem_map &= SECTION_MAP_MASK;
	return ((struct page *)coded_mem_map) + section_nr_to_pfn(pnum);
}

static int __meminit sparse_init_one_section(struct mem_section *ms,
		unsigned long pnum, struct page *mem_map,
		unsigned long *pageblock_bitmap)
{
	if (!present_section(ms))
		return -EINVAL;

	ms->section_mem_map &= ~SECTION_MAP_MASK;
	ms->section_mem_map |= sparse_encode_mem_map(mem_map, pnum) |
							SECTION_HAS_MEM_MAP;
 	ms->pageblock_flags = pageblock_bitmap;

	return 1;
}

unsigned long usemap_size(void)
{
	unsigned long size_bytes;
	size_bytes = roundup(SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS, 8) / 8;
	size_bytes = roundup(size_bytes, sizeof(unsigned long));
	return size_bytes;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
static unsigned long *__kmalloc_section_usemap(void)
{
	return kmalloc(usemap_size(), GFP_KERNEL);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
static unsigned long * __init
sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_pgdat_section(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
					 unsigned long count)
{
	unsigned long section_nr;

	/*
	 * A page may contain usemaps for other sections preventing the
	 * page being freed and making a section unremovable while
	 * other sections referencing the usemap retmain active. Similarly,
	 * a pgdat can prevent a section being removed. If section A
	 * contains a pgdat and section B contains the usemap, both
	 * sections become inter-dependent. This allocates usemaps
	 * from the same section as the pgdat where possible to avoid
	 * this problem.
	 */
	section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(__pa(pgdat) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	return alloc_bootmem_section(usemap_size() * count, section_nr);
}

static void __init check_usemap_section_nr(int nid, unsigned long *usemap)
{
	unsigned long usemap_snr, pgdat_snr;
	static unsigned long old_usemap_snr = NR_MEM_SECTIONS;
	static unsigned long old_pgdat_snr = NR_MEM_SECTIONS;
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
	int usemap_nid;

	usemap_snr = pfn_to_section_nr(__pa(usemap) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	pgdat_snr = pfn_to_section_nr(__pa(pgdat) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	if (usemap_snr == pgdat_snr)
		return;

	if (old_usemap_snr == usemap_snr && old_pgdat_snr == pgdat_snr)
		/* skip redundant message */
		return;

	old_usemap_snr = usemap_snr;
	old_pgdat_snr = pgdat_snr;

	usemap_nid = sparse_early_nid(__nr_to_section(usemap_snr));
	if (usemap_nid != nid) {
		printk(KERN_INFO
		       "node %d must be removed before remove section %ld\n",
		       nid, usemap_snr);
		return;
	}
	/*
	 * There is a circular dependency.
	 * Some platforms allow un-removable section because they will just
	 * gather other removable sections for dynamic partitioning.
	 * Just notify un-removable section's number here.
	 */
	printk(KERN_INFO "Section %ld and %ld (node %d)", usemap_snr,
	       pgdat_snr, nid);
	printk(KERN_CONT
	       " have a circular dependency on usemap and pgdat allocations\n");
}
#else
static unsigned long * __init
sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_pgdat_section(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
					 unsigned long count)
{
	return NULL;
}

static void __init check_usemap_section_nr(int nid, unsigned long *usemap)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */

static void __init sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node(unsigned long**usemap_map,
				 unsigned long pnum_begin,
				 unsigned long pnum_end,
				 unsigned long usemap_count, int nodeid)
{
	void *usemap;
	unsigned long pnum;
	int size = usemap_size();

	usemap = sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_pgdat_section(NODE_DATA(nodeid),
								 usemap_count);
	if (usemap) {
		for (pnum = pnum_begin; pnum < pnum_end; pnum++) {
			if (!present_section_nr(pnum))
				continue;
			usemap_map[pnum] = usemap;
			usemap += size;
		}
		return;
	}

	usemap = alloc_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nodeid), size * usemap_count);
	if (usemap) {
		for (pnum = pnum_begin; pnum < pnum_end; pnum++) {
			if (!present_section_nr(pnum))
				continue;
			usemap_map[pnum] = usemap;
			usemap += size;
			check_usemap_section_nr(nodeid, usemap_map[pnum]);
		}
		return;
	}

	printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: allocation failed\n", __func__);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
struct page __init *sparse_mem_map_populate(unsigned long pnum, int nid)
{
	struct page *map;

	map = alloc_remap(nid, sizeof(struct page) * PAGES_PER_SECTION);
	if (map)
		return map;

	map = alloc_bootmem_pages_node(NODE_DATA(nid),
		       PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct page) * PAGES_PER_SECTION));
	return map;
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */

static struct page __init *sparse_early_mem_map_alloc(unsigned long pnum)
{
	struct page *map;
	struct mem_section *ms = __nr_to_section(pnum);
	int nid = sparse_early_nid(ms);

	map = sparse_mem_map_populate(pnum, nid);
	if (map)
		return map;

	printk(KERN_ERR "%s: sparsemem memory map backing failed "
			"some memory will not be available.\n", __func__);
	ms->section_mem_map = 0;
	return NULL;
}

void __attribute__((weak)) __meminit vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
{
}

/*
 * Allocate the accumulated non-linear sections, allocate a mem_map
 * for each and record the physical to section mapping.
 */
void __init sparse_init(void)
{
	unsigned long pnum;
	struct page *map;
	unsigned long *usemap;
	unsigned long **usemap_map;
	int size;
	int nodeid_begin = 0;
	unsigned long pnum_begin = 0;
	unsigned long usemap_count;

	/*
	 * map is using big page (aka 2M in x86 64 bit)
	 * usemap is less one page (aka 24 bytes)
	 * so alloc 2M (with 2M align) and 24 bytes in turn will
	 * make next 2M slip to one more 2M later.
	 * then in big system, the memory will have a lot of holes...
	 * here try to allocate 2M pages continously.
	 *
	 * powerpc need to call sparse_init_one_section right after each
	 * sparse_early_mem_map_alloc, so allocate usemap_map at first.
	 */
	size = sizeof(unsigned long *) * NR_MEM_SECTIONS;
	usemap_map = alloc_bootmem(size);
	if (!usemap_map)
		panic("can not allocate usemap_map\n");

	for (pnum = 0; pnum < NR_MEM_SECTIONS; pnum++) {
		struct mem_section *ms;

		if (!present_section_nr(pnum))
			continue;
		ms = __nr_to_section(pnum);
		nodeid_begin = sparse_early_nid(ms);
		pnum_begin = pnum;
		break;
	}
	usemap_count = 1;
	for (pnum = pnum_begin + 1; pnum < NR_MEM_SECTIONS; pnum++) {
		struct mem_section *ms;
		int nodeid;

		if (!present_section_nr(pnum))
			continue;
		ms = __nr_to_section(pnum);
		nodeid = sparse_early_nid(ms);
		if (nodeid == nodeid_begin) {
			usemap_count++;
			continue;
		}
		/* ok, we need to take cake of from pnum_begin to pnum - 1*/
		sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node(usemap_map, pnum_begin, pnum,
						 usemap_count, nodeid_begin);
		/* new start, update count etc*/
		nodeid_begin = nodeid;
		pnum_begin = pnum;
		usemap_count = 1;
	}
	/* ok, last chunk */
	sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node(usemap_map, pnum_begin, NR_MEM_SECTIONS,
					 usemap_count, nodeid_begin);

	for (pnum = 0; pnum < NR_MEM_SECTIONS; pnum++) {
		if (!present_section_nr(pnum))
			continue;

		usemap = usemap_map[pnum];
		if (!usemap)
			continue;

		map = sparse_early_mem_map_alloc(pnum);
		if (!map)
			continue;

		sparse_init_one_section(__nr_to_section(pnum), pnum, map,
								usemap);
	}

	vmemmap_populate_print_last();

	free_bootmem(__pa(usemap_map), size);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
static inline struct page *kmalloc_section_memmap(unsigned long pnum, int nid,
						 unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	/* This will make the necessary allocations eventually. */
	return sparse_mem_map_populate(pnum, nid);
}
static void __kfree_section_memmap(struct page *memmap, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	return; /* XXX: Not implemented yet */
}
static void free_map_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
}
#else
static struct page *__kmalloc_section_memmap(unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	struct page *page, *ret;
	unsigned long memmap_size = sizeof(struct page) * nr_pages;

	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN, get_order(memmap_size));
	if (page)
		goto got_map_page;

	ret = vmalloc(memmap_size);
	if (ret)
		goto got_map_ptr;

	return NULL;
got_map_page:
	ret = (struct page *)pfn_to_kaddr(page_to_pfn(page));
got_map_ptr:
	memset(ret, 0, memmap_size);

	return ret;
}

static inline struct page *kmalloc_section_memmap(unsigned long pnum, int nid,
						  unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	return __kmalloc_section_memmap(nr_pages);
}

static void __kfree_section_memmap(struct page *memmap, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	if (is_vmalloc_addr(memmap))
		vfree(memmap);
	else
		free_pages((unsigned long)memmap,
			   get_order(sizeof(struct page) * nr_pages));
}

static void free_map_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	unsigned long maps_section_nr, removing_section_nr, i;
	int magic;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++) {
		magic = atomic_read(&page->_mapcount);

		BUG_ON(magic == NODE_INFO);

		maps_section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(page_to_pfn(page));
		removing_section_nr = page->private;

		/*
		 * When this function is called, the removing section is
		 * logical offlined state. This means all pages are isolated
		 * from page allocator. If removing section's memmap is placed
		 * on the same section, it must not be freed.
		 * If it is freed, page allocator may allocate it which will
		 * be removed physically soon.
		 */
		if (maps_section_nr != removing_section_nr)
			put_page_bootmem(page);
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */

static void free_section_usemap(struct page *memmap, unsigned long *usemap)
{
	struct page *usemap_page;
	unsigned long nr_pages;

	if (!usemap)
		return;

	usemap_page = virt_to_page(usemap);
	/*
	 * Check to see if allocation came from hot-plug-add
	 */
	if (PageSlab(usemap_page)) {
		kfree(usemap);
		if (memmap)
			__kfree_section_memmap(memmap, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * The usemap came from bootmem. This is packed with other usemaps
	 * on the section which has pgdat at boot time. Just keep it as is now.
	 */

	if (memmap) {
		struct page *memmap_page;
		memmap_page = virt_to_page(memmap);

		nr_pages = PAGE_ALIGN(PAGES_PER_SECTION * sizeof(struct page))
			>> PAGE_SHIFT;

		free_map_bootmem(memmap_page, nr_pages);
	}
}

/*
 * returns the number of sections whose mem_maps were properly
 * set.  If this is <=0, then that means that the passed-in
 * map was not consumed and must be freed.
 */
int __meminit sparse_add_one_section(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
			   int nr_pages)
{
	unsigned long section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(start_pfn);
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	struct mem_section *ms;
	struct page *memmap;
	unsigned long *usemap;
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * no locking for this, because it does its own
	 * plus, it does a kmalloc
	 */
	ret = sparse_index_init(section_nr, pgdat->node_id);
	if (ret < 0 && ret != -EEXIST)
		return ret;
	memmap = kmalloc_section_memmap(section_nr, pgdat->node_id, nr_pages);
	if (!memmap)
		return -ENOMEM;
	usemap = __kmalloc_section_usemap();
	if (!usemap) {
		__kfree_section_memmap(memmap, nr_pages);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	pgdat_resize_lock(pgdat, &flags);

	ms = __pfn_to_section(start_pfn);
	if (ms->section_mem_map & SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT) {
		ret = -EEXIST;
		goto out;
	}

	ms->section_mem_map |= SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT;

	ret = sparse_init_one_section(ms, section_nr, memmap, usemap);

out:
	pgdat_resize_unlock(pgdat, &flags);
	if (ret <= 0) {
		kfree(usemap);
		__kfree_section_memmap(memmap, nr_pages);
	}
	return ret;
}

void sparse_remove_one_section(struct zone *zone, struct mem_section *ms)
{
	struct page *memmap = NULL;
	unsigned long *usemap = NULL;

	if (ms->section_mem_map) {
		usemap = ms->pageblock_flags;
		memmap = sparse_decode_mem_map(ms->section_mem_map,
						__section_nr(ms));
		ms->section_mem_map = 0;
		ms->pageblock_flags = NULL;
	}

	free_section_usemap(memmap, usemap);
}
#endif