blob: dfcbc90146ef0227bcdd19faca44c5890c823e26 [file] [log] [blame]
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +09001#include <stdio.h>
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +09002
3#include "../../util/util.h"
4#include "../../util/hist.h"
5#include "../../util/sort.h"
Namhyung Kim5b9e2142013-01-22 18:09:37 +09006#include "../../util/evsel.h"
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +09007
8
9static size_t callchain__fprintf_left_margin(FILE *fp, int left_margin)
10{
11 int i;
12 int ret = fprintf(fp, " ");
13
14 for (i = 0; i < left_margin; i++)
15 ret += fprintf(fp, " ");
16
17 return ret;
18}
19
20static size_t ipchain__fprintf_graph_line(FILE *fp, int depth, int depth_mask,
21 int left_margin)
22{
23 int i;
24 size_t ret = callchain__fprintf_left_margin(fp, left_margin);
25
26 for (i = 0; i < depth; i++)
27 if (depth_mask & (1 << i))
28 ret += fprintf(fp, "| ");
29 else
30 ret += fprintf(fp, " ");
31
32 ret += fprintf(fp, "\n");
33
34 return ret;
35}
36
37static size_t ipchain__fprintf_graph(FILE *fp, struct callchain_list *chain,
38 int depth, int depth_mask, int period,
39 u64 total_samples, u64 hits,
40 int left_margin)
41{
42 int i;
43 size_t ret = 0;
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -080044 char bf[1024];
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +090045
46 ret += callchain__fprintf_left_margin(fp, left_margin);
47 for (i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
48 if (depth_mask & (1 << i))
49 ret += fprintf(fp, "|");
50 else
51 ret += fprintf(fp, " ");
52 if (!period && i == depth - 1) {
53 double percent;
54
55 percent = hits * 100.0 / total_samples;
56 ret += percent_color_fprintf(fp, "--%2.2f%%-- ", percent);
57 } else
58 ret += fprintf(fp, "%s", " ");
59 }
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -080060 fputs(callchain_list__sym_name(chain, bf, sizeof(bf), false), fp);
61 fputc('\n', fp);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +090062 return ret;
63}
64
65static struct symbol *rem_sq_bracket;
66static struct callchain_list rem_hits;
67
68static void init_rem_hits(void)
69{
70 rem_sq_bracket = malloc(sizeof(*rem_sq_bracket) + 6);
71 if (!rem_sq_bracket) {
72 fprintf(stderr, "Not enough memory to display remaining hits\n");
73 return;
74 }
75
76 strcpy(rem_sq_bracket->name, "[...]");
77 rem_hits.ms.sym = rem_sq_bracket;
78}
79
80static size_t __callchain__fprintf_graph(FILE *fp, struct rb_root *root,
81 u64 total_samples, int depth,
82 int depth_mask, int left_margin)
83{
84 struct rb_node *node, *next;
85 struct callchain_node *child;
86 struct callchain_list *chain;
87 int new_depth_mask = depth_mask;
88 u64 remaining;
89 size_t ret = 0;
90 int i;
91 uint entries_printed = 0;
92
93 remaining = total_samples;
94
95 node = rb_first(root);
96 while (node) {
97 u64 new_total;
98 u64 cumul;
99
100 child = rb_entry(node, struct callchain_node, rb_node);
101 cumul = callchain_cumul_hits(child);
102 remaining -= cumul;
103
104 /*
105 * The depth mask manages the output of pipes that show
106 * the depth. We don't want to keep the pipes of the current
107 * level for the last child of this depth.
108 * Except if we have remaining filtered hits. They will
109 * supersede the last child
110 */
111 next = rb_next(node);
112 if (!next && (callchain_param.mode != CHAIN_GRAPH_REL || !remaining))
113 new_depth_mask &= ~(1 << (depth - 1));
114
115 /*
116 * But we keep the older depth mask for the line separator
117 * to keep the level link until we reach the last child
118 */
119 ret += ipchain__fprintf_graph_line(fp, depth, depth_mask,
120 left_margin);
121 i = 0;
122 list_for_each_entry(chain, &child->val, list) {
123 ret += ipchain__fprintf_graph(fp, chain, depth,
124 new_depth_mask, i++,
125 total_samples,
126 cumul,
127 left_margin);
128 }
129
130 if (callchain_param.mode == CHAIN_GRAPH_REL)
131 new_total = child->children_hit;
132 else
133 new_total = total_samples;
134
135 ret += __callchain__fprintf_graph(fp, &child->rb_root, new_total,
136 depth + 1,
137 new_depth_mask | (1 << depth),
138 left_margin);
139 node = next;
140 if (++entries_printed == callchain_param.print_limit)
141 break;
142 }
143
144 if (callchain_param.mode == CHAIN_GRAPH_REL &&
145 remaining && remaining != total_samples) {
146
147 if (!rem_sq_bracket)
148 return ret;
149
150 new_depth_mask &= ~(1 << (depth - 1));
151 ret += ipchain__fprintf_graph(fp, &rem_hits, depth,
152 new_depth_mask, 0, total_samples,
153 remaining, left_margin);
154 }
155
156 return ret;
157}
158
159static size_t callchain__fprintf_graph(FILE *fp, struct rb_root *root,
160 u64 total_samples, int left_margin)
161{
162 struct callchain_node *cnode;
163 struct callchain_list *chain;
164 u32 entries_printed = 0;
165 bool printed = false;
166 struct rb_node *node;
167 int i = 0;
168 int ret = 0;
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -0800169 char bf[1024];
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900170
171 /*
172 * If have one single callchain root, don't bother printing
173 * its percentage (100 % in fractal mode and the same percentage
174 * than the hist in graph mode). This also avoid one level of column.
175 */
176 node = rb_first(root);
177 if (node && !rb_next(node)) {
178 cnode = rb_entry(node, struct callchain_node, rb_node);
179 list_for_each_entry(chain, &cnode->val, list) {
180 /*
181 * If we sort by symbol, the first entry is the same than
182 * the symbol. No need to print it otherwise it appears as
183 * displayed twice.
184 */
Namhyung Kimcfaa1542014-05-19 14:19:30 +0900185 if (!i++ && field_order == NULL &&
186 sort_order && !prefixcmp(sort_order, "sym"))
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900187 continue;
188 if (!printed) {
189 ret += callchain__fprintf_left_margin(fp, left_margin);
190 ret += fprintf(fp, "|\n");
191 ret += callchain__fprintf_left_margin(fp, left_margin);
192 ret += fprintf(fp, "---");
193 left_margin += 3;
194 printed = true;
195 } else
196 ret += callchain__fprintf_left_margin(fp, left_margin);
197
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -0800198 ret += fprintf(fp, "%s\n", callchain_list__sym_name(chain, bf, sizeof(bf),
199 false));
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900200
201 if (++entries_printed == callchain_param.print_limit)
202 break;
203 }
204 root = &cnode->rb_root;
205 }
206
207 ret += __callchain__fprintf_graph(fp, root, total_samples,
208 1, 1, left_margin);
209 ret += fprintf(fp, "\n");
210
211 return ret;
212}
213
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300214static size_t __callchain__fprintf_flat(FILE *fp, struct callchain_node *node,
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900215 u64 total_samples)
216{
217 struct callchain_list *chain;
218 size_t ret = 0;
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -0800219 char bf[1024];
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900220
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300221 if (!node)
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900222 return 0;
223
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300224 ret += __callchain__fprintf_flat(fp, node->parent, total_samples);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900225
226
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300227 list_for_each_entry(chain, &node->val, list) {
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900228 if (chain->ip >= PERF_CONTEXT_MAX)
229 continue;
Andi Kleen2989cca2014-11-12 18:05:23 -0800230 ret += fprintf(fp, " %s\n", callchain_list__sym_name(chain,
231 bf, sizeof(bf), false));
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900232 }
233
234 return ret;
235}
236
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300237static size_t callchain__fprintf_flat(FILE *fp, struct rb_root *tree,
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900238 u64 total_samples)
239{
240 size_t ret = 0;
241 u32 entries_printed = 0;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900242 struct callchain_node *chain;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo316c7132013-11-05 15:32:36 -0300243 struct rb_node *rb_node = rb_first(tree);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900244
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900245 while (rb_node) {
246 double percent;
247
248 chain = rb_entry(rb_node, struct callchain_node, rb_node);
249 percent = chain->hit * 100.0 / total_samples;
250
251 ret = percent_color_fprintf(fp, " %6.2f%%\n", percent);
252 ret += __callchain__fprintf_flat(fp, chain, total_samples);
253 ret += fprintf(fp, "\n");
254 if (++entries_printed == callchain_param.print_limit)
255 break;
256
257 rb_node = rb_next(rb_node);
258 }
259
260 return ret;
261}
262
263static size_t hist_entry_callchain__fprintf(struct hist_entry *he,
264 u64 total_samples, int left_margin,
265 FILE *fp)
266{
267 switch (callchain_param.mode) {
268 case CHAIN_GRAPH_REL:
Namhyung Kim56772ad2014-05-23 18:31:52 +0900269 return callchain__fprintf_graph(fp, &he->sorted_chain,
270 symbol_conf.cumulate_callchain ?
271 he->stat_acc->period : he->stat.period,
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900272 left_margin);
273 break;
274 case CHAIN_GRAPH_ABS:
275 return callchain__fprintf_graph(fp, &he->sorted_chain, total_samples,
276 left_margin);
277 break;
278 case CHAIN_FLAT:
279 return callchain__fprintf_flat(fp, &he->sorted_chain, total_samples);
280 break;
281 case CHAIN_NONE:
282 break;
283 default:
284 pr_err("Bad callchain mode\n");
285 }
286
287 return 0;
288}
289
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900290static size_t hist_entry__callchain_fprintf(struct hist_entry *he,
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900291 struct hists *hists,
Jiri Olsab5ff71c2012-10-04 21:49:40 +0900292 FILE *fp)
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900293{
294 int left_margin = 0;
Jiri Olsab5ff71c2012-10-04 21:49:40 +0900295 u64 total_period = hists->stats.total_period;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900296
Namhyung Kimcfaa1542014-05-19 14:19:30 +0900297 if (field_order == NULL && (sort_order == NULL ||
298 !prefixcmp(sort_order, "comm"))) {
299 struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900300
Namhyung Kimcfaa1542014-05-19 14:19:30 +0900301 perf_hpp__for_each_format(fmt) {
302 if (!perf_hpp__is_sort_entry(fmt))
303 continue;
304
305 /* must be 'comm' sort entry */
306 left_margin = fmt->width(fmt, NULL, hists_to_evsel(hists));
307 left_margin -= thread__comm_len(he->thread);
308 break;
309 }
310 }
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900311 return hist_entry_callchain__fprintf(he, total_period, left_margin, fp);
312}
313
Namhyung Kim26d8b332014-03-03 16:16:20 +0900314static int hist_entry__snprintf(struct hist_entry *he, struct perf_hpp *hpp)
Jiri Olsabe0e6d12013-02-04 16:33:19 +0100315{
316 const char *sep = symbol_conf.field_sep;
317 struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt;
318 char *start = hpp->buf;
319 int ret;
320 bool first = true;
321
322 if (symbol_conf.exclude_other && !he->parent)
323 return 0;
324
325 perf_hpp__for_each_format(fmt) {
Namhyung Kime67d49a2014-03-18 13:00:59 +0900326 if (perf_hpp__should_skip(fmt))
327 continue;
328
Jiri Olsabe0e6d12013-02-04 16:33:19 +0100329 /*
330 * If there's no field_sep, we still need
331 * to display initial ' '.
332 */
333 if (!sep || !first) {
334 ret = scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%s", sep ?: " ");
335 advance_hpp(hpp, ret);
336 } else
337 first = false;
338
Jiri Olsa9754c4f2013-10-25 13:24:53 +0200339 if (perf_hpp__use_color() && fmt->color)
Jiri Olsabe0e6d12013-02-04 16:33:19 +0100340 ret = fmt->color(fmt, hpp, he);
341 else
342 ret = fmt->entry(fmt, hpp, he);
343
344 advance_hpp(hpp, ret);
345 }
346
347 return hpp->buf - start;
348}
349
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900350static int hist_entry__fprintf(struct hist_entry *he, size_t size,
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300351 struct hists *hists,
352 char *bf, size_t bfsz, FILE *fp)
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900353{
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900354 int ret;
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900355 struct perf_hpp hpp = {
356 .buf = bf,
357 .size = size,
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900358 };
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900359
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300360 if (size == 0 || size > bfsz)
361 size = hpp.size = bfsz;
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900362
Namhyung Kim26d8b332014-03-03 16:16:20 +0900363 hist_entry__snprintf(he, &hpp);
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900364
365 ret = fprintf(fp, "%s\n", bf);
366
367 if (symbol_conf.use_callchain)
Jiri Olsab5ff71c2012-10-04 21:49:40 +0900368 ret += hist_entry__callchain_fprintf(he, hists, fp);
Namhyung Kim000078b2012-08-20 13:52:06 +0900369
370 return ret;
371}
372
Jiri Olsa41724e42012-10-04 21:49:38 +0900373size_t hists__fprintf(struct hists *hists, bool show_header, int max_rows,
Namhyung Kim064f1982013-05-14 11:09:04 +0900374 int max_cols, float min_pcnt, FILE *fp)
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900375{
Jiri Olsa12400052012-10-13 00:06:16 +0200376 struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900377 struct rb_node *nd;
378 size_t ret = 0;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900379 unsigned int width;
380 const char *sep = symbol_conf.field_sep;
Jiri Olsa12400052012-10-13 00:06:16 +0200381 int nr_rows = 0;
Jiri Olsaed279da2012-10-05 16:44:45 +0200382 char bf[96];
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900383 struct perf_hpp dummy_hpp = {
384 .buf = bf,
385 .size = sizeof(bf),
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900386 };
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900387 bool first = true;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300388 size_t linesz;
389 char *line = NULL;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900390
391 init_rem_hits();
392
Namhyung Kim678a5002014-03-20 11:18:54 +0900393 perf_hpp__for_each_format(fmt)
394 perf_hpp__reset_width(fmt, hists);
Namhyung Kim26d8b332014-03-03 16:16:20 +0900395
Namhyung Kim5b591662014-07-31 14:47:38 +0900396 if (symbol_conf.col_width_list_str)
397 perf_hpp__set_user_width(symbol_conf.col_width_list_str);
398
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900399 if (!show_header)
400 goto print_entries;
401
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900402 fprintf(fp, "# ");
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900403
Jiri Olsa12400052012-10-13 00:06:16 +0200404 perf_hpp__for_each_format(fmt) {
Namhyung Kime67d49a2014-03-18 13:00:59 +0900405 if (perf_hpp__should_skip(fmt))
406 continue;
407
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900408 if (!first)
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900409 fprintf(fp, "%s", sep ?: " ");
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900410 else
411 first = false;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900412
Namhyung Kim94a07932014-03-10 16:43:52 +0900413 fmt->header(fmt, &dummy_hpp, hists_to_evsel(hists));
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900414 fprintf(fp, "%s", bf);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900415 }
416
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900417 fprintf(fp, "\n");
418 if (max_rows && ++nr_rows >= max_rows)
419 goto out;
420
421 if (sep)
422 goto print_entries;
423
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900424 first = true;
425
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900426 fprintf(fp, "# ");
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900427
Jiri Olsa12400052012-10-13 00:06:16 +0200428 perf_hpp__for_each_format(fmt) {
429 unsigned int i;
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900430
Namhyung Kime67d49a2014-03-18 13:00:59 +0900431 if (perf_hpp__should_skip(fmt))
432 continue;
433
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900434 if (!first)
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900435 fprintf(fp, "%s", sep ?: " ");
Jiri Olsa5395a042012-10-04 21:49:37 +0900436 else
437 first = false;
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900438
Namhyung Kim94a07932014-03-10 16:43:52 +0900439 width = fmt->width(fmt, &dummy_hpp, hists_to_evsel(hists));
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900440 for (i = 0; i < width; i++)
441 fprintf(fp, ".");
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900442 }
Namhyung Kimea251d52012-09-03 11:53:06 +0900443
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900444 fprintf(fp, "\n");
445 if (max_rows && ++nr_rows >= max_rows)
446 goto out;
447
448 fprintf(fp, "#\n");
449 if (max_rows && ++nr_rows >= max_rows)
450 goto out;
451
452print_entries:
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300453 linesz = hists__sort_list_width(hists) + 3 + 1;
Jiri Olsa9754c4f2013-10-25 13:24:53 +0200454 linesz += perf_hpp__color_overhead();
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300455 line = malloc(linesz);
456 if (line == NULL) {
457 ret = -1;
458 goto out;
459 }
460
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900461 for (nd = rb_first(&hists->entries); nd; nd = rb_next(nd)) {
462 struct hist_entry *h = rb_entry(nd, struct hist_entry, rb_node);
Namhyung Kim14135662013-10-31 10:17:39 +0900463 float percent;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900464
465 if (h->filtered)
466 continue;
467
Namhyung Kim14135662013-10-31 10:17:39 +0900468 percent = hist_entry__get_percent_limit(h);
Namhyung Kim064f1982013-05-14 11:09:04 +0900469 if (percent < min_pcnt)
470 continue;
471
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300472 ret += hist_entry__fprintf(h, max_cols, hists, line, linesz, fp);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900473
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900474 if (max_rows && ++nr_rows >= max_rows)
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300475 break;
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900476
477 if (h->ms.map == NULL && verbose > 1) {
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo93d57312014-03-21 17:57:01 -0300478 __map_groups__fprintf_maps(h->thread->mg,
Jiri Olsaacebd402014-07-14 23:46:47 +0200479 MAP__FUNCTION, fp);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900480 fprintf(fp, "%.10s end\n", graph_dotted_line);
481 }
482 }
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo99cf6662013-09-05 15:39:12 -0300483
484 free(line);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900485out:
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo74cf2492013-12-27 16:55:14 -0300486 zfree(&rem_sq_bracket);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900487
488 return ret;
489}
490
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo52168ee2012-12-18 16:02:17 -0300491size_t events_stats__fprintf(struct events_stats *stats, FILE *fp)
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900492{
493 int i;
494 size_t ret = 0;
495
496 for (i = 0; i < PERF_RECORD_HEADER_MAX; ++i) {
497 const char *name;
498
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo52168ee2012-12-18 16:02:17 -0300499 if (stats->nr_events[i] == 0)
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900500 continue;
501
502 name = perf_event__name(i);
503 if (!strcmp(name, "UNKNOWN"))
504 continue;
505
506 ret += fprintf(fp, "%16s events: %10d\n", name,
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo52168ee2012-12-18 16:02:17 -0300507 stats->nr_events[i]);
Namhyung Kim7ccf4f92012-08-20 13:52:05 +0900508 }
509
510 return ret;
511}