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Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +00001/*
2 * linux/arch/arm/mach-omap2/io.c
3 *
4 * OMAP2 I/O mapping code
5 *
6 * Copyright (C) 2005 Nokia Corporation
Santosh Shilimkar44169072009-05-28 14:16:04 -07007 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Texas Instruments
Tony Lindgren646e3ed2008-10-06 15:49:36 +03008 *
9 * Author:
10 * Juha Yrjola <juha.yrjola@nokia.com>
11 * Syed Khasim <x0khasim@ti.com>
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000012 *
Santosh Shilimkar44169072009-05-28 14:16:04 -070013 * Added OMAP4 support - Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
14 *
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000015 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
16 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
17 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
18 */
19
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000020#include <linux/module.h>
21#include <linux/kernel.h>
22#include <linux/init.h>
Russell Kingfced80c2008-09-06 12:10:45 +010023#include <linux/io.h>
Paul Walmsley2f135ea2009-06-19 19:08:25 -060024#include <linux/clk.h>
Tomi Valkeinen91773a02009-08-03 15:06:36 +030025#include <linux/omapfb.h>
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000026
Tony Lindgren120db2c2006-04-02 17:46:27 +010027#include <asm/tlb.h>
Tony Lindgren120db2c2006-04-02 17:46:27 +010028
29#include <asm/mach/map.h>
30
Tony Lindgrence491cf2009-10-20 09:40:47 -070031#include <plat/sram.h>
32#include <plat/sdrc.h>
33#include <plat/gpmc.h>
34#include <plat/serial.h>
Tony Lindgren646e3ed2008-10-06 15:49:36 +030035
Paul Walmsleye80a9722010-01-26 20:13:12 -070036#include "clock2xxx.h"
Paul Walmsley657ebfa2010-02-22 22:09:20 -070037#include "clock3xxx.h"
Paul Walmsleye80a9722010-01-26 20:13:12 -070038#include "clock44xx.h"
Manjunath Kondaiah Gb0a330d2010-10-08 10:00:19 -070039#include "io.h"
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000040
Tony Lindgrence491cf2009-10-20 09:40:47 -070041#include <plat/omap-pm.h>
Paul Walmsley72e06d02010-12-21 21:05:16 -070042#include "powerdomain.h"
Paul Walmsley97171002008-08-19 11:08:40 +030043
Paul Walmsley1540f2142010-12-21 21:05:15 -070044#include "clockdomain.h"
Tony Lindgrence491cf2009-10-20 09:40:47 -070045#include <plat/omap_hwmod.h>
Tony Lindgren5d190c42010-12-09 15:49:23 -080046#include <plat/multi.h>
Paul Walmsley02bfc0302009-09-03 20:14:05 +030047
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000048/*
49 * The machine specific code may provide the extra mapping besides the
50 * default mapping provided here.
51 */
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030052
Tony Lindgren088ef952010-02-12 12:26:47 -080053#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP2
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030054static struct map_desc omap24xx_io_desc[] __initdata = {
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000055 {
56 .virtual = L3_24XX_VIRT,
57 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L3_24XX_PHYS),
58 .length = L3_24XX_SIZE,
59 .type = MT_DEVICE
60 },
Kyungmin Park09f21ed2008-02-20 15:30:06 -080061 {
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030062 .virtual = L4_24XX_VIRT,
63 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_24XX_PHYS),
64 .length = L4_24XX_SIZE,
Syed Mohammed Khasim72d0f1c2006-12-06 17:14:05 -080065 .type = MT_DEVICE
66 },
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030067};
68
Tony Lindgren59b479e2011-01-27 16:39:40 -080069#ifdef CONFIG_SOC_OMAP2420
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030070static struct map_desc omap242x_io_desc[] __initdata = {
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000071 {
Paul Walmsley7adb9982010-01-08 15:23:05 -070072 .virtual = DSP_MEM_2420_VIRT,
73 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(DSP_MEM_2420_PHYS),
74 .length = DSP_MEM_2420_SIZE,
Tony Lindgrenc40fae952006-12-07 13:58:10 -080075 .type = MT_DEVICE
76 },
77 {
Paul Walmsley7adb9982010-01-08 15:23:05 -070078 .virtual = DSP_IPI_2420_VIRT,
79 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(DSP_IPI_2420_PHYS),
80 .length = DSP_IPI_2420_SIZE,
Tony Lindgrenc40fae952006-12-07 13:58:10 -080081 .type = MT_DEVICE
82 },
83 {
Paul Walmsley7adb9982010-01-08 15:23:05 -070084 .virtual = DSP_MMU_2420_VIRT,
85 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(DSP_MMU_2420_PHYS),
86 .length = DSP_MMU_2420_SIZE,
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000087 .type = MT_DEVICE
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030088 },
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +000089};
90
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030091#endif
92
Tony Lindgren59b479e2011-01-27 16:39:40 -080093#ifdef CONFIG_SOC_OMAP2430
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +030094static struct map_desc omap243x_io_desc[] __initdata = {
95 {
96 .virtual = L4_WK_243X_VIRT,
97 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_WK_243X_PHYS),
98 .length = L4_WK_243X_SIZE,
99 .type = MT_DEVICE
100 },
101 {
102 .virtual = OMAP243X_GPMC_VIRT,
103 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP243X_GPMC_PHYS),
104 .length = OMAP243X_GPMC_SIZE,
105 .type = MT_DEVICE
106 },
107 {
108 .virtual = OMAP243X_SDRC_VIRT,
109 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP243X_SDRC_PHYS),
110 .length = OMAP243X_SDRC_SIZE,
111 .type = MT_DEVICE
112 },
113 {
114 .virtual = OMAP243X_SMS_VIRT,
115 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP243X_SMS_PHYS),
116 .length = OMAP243X_SMS_SIZE,
117 .type = MT_DEVICE
118 },
119};
120#endif
121#endif
122
Tony Lindgrena8eb7ca2010-02-12 12:26:48 -0800123#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +0300124static struct map_desc omap34xx_io_desc[] __initdata = {
125 {
126 .virtual = L3_34XX_VIRT,
127 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L3_34XX_PHYS),
128 .length = L3_34XX_SIZE,
129 .type = MT_DEVICE
130 },
131 {
132 .virtual = L4_34XX_VIRT,
133 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_34XX_PHYS),
134 .length = L4_34XX_SIZE,
135 .type = MT_DEVICE
136 },
137 {
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +0300138 .virtual = OMAP34XX_GPMC_VIRT,
139 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP34XX_GPMC_PHYS),
140 .length = OMAP34XX_GPMC_SIZE,
141 .type = MT_DEVICE
142 },
143 {
144 .virtual = OMAP343X_SMS_VIRT,
145 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP343X_SMS_PHYS),
146 .length = OMAP343X_SMS_SIZE,
147 .type = MT_DEVICE
148 },
149 {
150 .virtual = OMAP343X_SDRC_VIRT,
151 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP343X_SDRC_PHYS),
152 .length = OMAP343X_SDRC_SIZE,
153 .type = MT_DEVICE
154 },
155 {
156 .virtual = L4_PER_34XX_VIRT,
157 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_PER_34XX_PHYS),
158 .length = L4_PER_34XX_SIZE,
159 .type = MT_DEVICE
160 },
161 {
162 .virtual = L4_EMU_34XX_VIRT,
163 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_EMU_34XX_PHYS),
164 .length = L4_EMU_34XX_SIZE,
165 .type = MT_DEVICE
166 },
Tony Lindgrena4f57b82010-04-30 12:57:14 -0700167#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) && \
168 (defined(CONFIG_MACH_OMAP_ZOOM2) || defined(CONFIG_MACH_OMAP_ZOOM3))
169 {
170 .virtual = ZOOM_UART_VIRT,
171 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(ZOOM_UART_BASE),
172 .length = SZ_1M,
173 .type = MT_DEVICE
174 },
175#endif
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +0300176};
177#endif
Santosh Shilimkar44169072009-05-28 14:16:04 -0700178#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP4
179static struct map_desc omap44xx_io_desc[] __initdata = {
180 {
181 .virtual = L3_44XX_VIRT,
182 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L3_44XX_PHYS),
183 .length = L3_44XX_SIZE,
184 .type = MT_DEVICE,
185 },
186 {
187 .virtual = L4_44XX_VIRT,
188 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_44XX_PHYS),
189 .length = L4_44XX_SIZE,
190 .type = MT_DEVICE,
191 },
192 {
Santosh Shilimkar44169072009-05-28 14:16:04 -0700193 .virtual = OMAP44XX_GPMC_VIRT,
194 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP44XX_GPMC_PHYS),
195 .length = OMAP44XX_GPMC_SIZE,
196 .type = MT_DEVICE,
197 },
198 {
Santosh Shilimkarf5d2d652009-10-19 17:25:57 -0700199 .virtual = OMAP44XX_EMIF1_VIRT,
200 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP44XX_EMIF1_PHYS),
201 .length = OMAP44XX_EMIF1_SIZE,
202 .type = MT_DEVICE,
203 },
204 {
205 .virtual = OMAP44XX_EMIF2_VIRT,
206 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP44XX_EMIF2_PHYS),
207 .length = OMAP44XX_EMIF2_SIZE,
208 .type = MT_DEVICE,
209 },
210 {
211 .virtual = OMAP44XX_DMM_VIRT,
212 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(OMAP44XX_DMM_PHYS),
213 .length = OMAP44XX_DMM_SIZE,
214 .type = MT_DEVICE,
215 },
216 {
Santosh Shilimkar44169072009-05-28 14:16:04 -0700217 .virtual = L4_PER_44XX_VIRT,
218 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_PER_44XX_PHYS),
219 .length = L4_PER_44XX_SIZE,
220 .type = MT_DEVICE,
221 },
222 {
223 .virtual = L4_EMU_44XX_VIRT,
224 .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(L4_EMU_44XX_PHYS),
225 .length = L4_EMU_44XX_SIZE,
226 .type = MT_DEVICE,
227 },
228};
229#endif
Syed Mohammed, Khasimcc26b3b2008-10-09 17:51:41 +0300230
Tony Lindgren6fbd55d2010-02-12 12:26:47 -0800231static void __init _omap2_map_common_io(void)
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +0000232{
Tony Lindgren120db2c2006-04-02 17:46:27 +0100233 /* Normally devicemaps_init() would flush caches and tlb after
234 * mdesc->map_io(), but we must also do it here because of the CPU
235 * revision check below.
236 */
237 local_flush_tlb_all();
238 flush_cache_all();
239
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +0000240 omap2_check_revision();
241 omap_sram_init();
Tony Lindgren120db2c2006-04-02 17:46:27 +0100242}
243
Tony Lindgren59b479e2011-01-27 16:39:40 -0800244#ifdef CONFIG_SOC_OMAP2420
Aaro Koskinen8185e462010-03-03 16:24:53 +0000245void __init omap242x_map_common_io(void)
Tony Lindgren6fbd55d2010-02-12 12:26:47 -0800246{
247 iotable_init(omap24xx_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap24xx_io_desc));
248 iotable_init(omap242x_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap242x_io_desc));
249 _omap2_map_common_io();
250}
251#endif
252
Tony Lindgren59b479e2011-01-27 16:39:40 -0800253#ifdef CONFIG_SOC_OMAP2430
Aaro Koskinen8185e462010-03-03 16:24:53 +0000254void __init omap243x_map_common_io(void)
Tony Lindgren6fbd55d2010-02-12 12:26:47 -0800255{
256 iotable_init(omap24xx_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap24xx_io_desc));
257 iotable_init(omap243x_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap243x_io_desc));
258 _omap2_map_common_io();
259}
260#endif
261
Tony Lindgrena8eb7ca2010-02-12 12:26:48 -0800262#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3
Aaro Koskinen8185e462010-03-03 16:24:53 +0000263void __init omap34xx_map_common_io(void)
Tony Lindgren6fbd55d2010-02-12 12:26:47 -0800264{
265 iotable_init(omap34xx_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap34xx_io_desc));
266 _omap2_map_common_io();
267}
268#endif
269
270#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP4
Aaro Koskinen8185e462010-03-03 16:24:53 +0000271void __init omap44xx_map_common_io(void)
Tony Lindgren6fbd55d2010-02-12 12:26:47 -0800272{
273 iotable_init(omap44xx_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(omap44xx_io_desc));
274 _omap2_map_common_io();
275}
276#endif
277
Paul Walmsley2f135ea2009-06-19 19:08:25 -0600278/*
279 * omap2_init_reprogram_sdrc - reprogram SDRC timing parameters
280 *
281 * Sets the CORE DPLL3 M2 divider to the same value that it's at
282 * currently. This has the effect of setting the SDRC SDRAM AC timing
283 * registers to the values currently defined by the kernel. Currently
284 * only defined for OMAP3; will return 0 if called on OMAP2. Returns
285 * -EINVAL if the dpll3_m2_ck cannot be found, 0 if called on OMAP2,
286 * or passes along the return value of clk_set_rate().
287 */
288static int __init _omap2_init_reprogram_sdrc(void)
289{
290 struct clk *dpll3_m2_ck;
291 int v = -EINVAL;
292 long rate;
293
294 if (!cpu_is_omap34xx())
295 return 0;
296
297 dpll3_m2_ck = clk_get(NULL, "dpll3_m2_ck");
Aaro Koskinene281f7e2010-11-30 14:17:58 +0000298 if (IS_ERR(dpll3_m2_ck))
Paul Walmsley2f135ea2009-06-19 19:08:25 -0600299 return -EINVAL;
300
301 rate = clk_get_rate(dpll3_m2_ck);
302 pr_info("Reprogramming SDRC clock to %ld Hz\n", rate);
303 v = clk_set_rate(dpll3_m2_ck, rate);
304 if (v)
305 pr_err("dpll3_m2_clk rate change failed: %d\n", v);
306
307 clk_put(dpll3_m2_ck);
308
309 return v;
310}
311
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700312static int _set_hwmod_postsetup_state(struct omap_hwmod *oh, void *data)
313{
314 return omap_hwmod_set_postsetup_state(oh, *(u8 *)data);
315}
316
Russell King9f9605c2011-01-07 11:57:44 +0000317void __iomem *omap_irq_base;
318
Tony Lindgren5d190c42010-12-09 15:49:23 -0800319/*
320 * Initialize asm_irq_base for entry-macro.S
321 */
322static inline void omap_irq_base_init(void)
323{
Tony Lindgrendf127ee2010-12-14 19:17:31 -0800324 if (cpu_is_omap24xx())
Tony Lindgren5d190c42010-12-09 15:49:23 -0800325 omap_irq_base = OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(OMAP24XX_IC_BASE);
326 else if (cpu_is_omap34xx())
327 omap_irq_base = OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(OMAP34XX_IC_BASE);
328 else if (cpu_is_omap44xx())
329 omap_irq_base = OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(OMAP44XX_GIC_CPU_BASE);
330 else
331 pr_err("Could not initialize omap_irq_base\n");
Tony Lindgren5d190c42010-12-09 15:49:23 -0800332}
333
Paul Walmsley48057342010-12-21 15:25:10 -0700334void __init omap2_init_common_infrastructure(void)
Tony Lindgren120db2c2006-04-02 17:46:27 +0100335{
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700336 u8 postsetup_state;
337
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700338 if (cpu_is_omap242x()) {
339 omap2xxx_powerdomains_init();
Paul Walmsleydc0b3a72010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700340 omap2_clockdomains_init();
Paul Walmsley73591542010-02-22 22:09:32 -0700341 omap2420_hwmod_init();
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700342 } else if (cpu_is_omap243x()) {
343 omap2xxx_powerdomains_init();
Paul Walmsleydc0b3a72010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700344 omap2_clockdomains_init();
Paul Walmsley73591542010-02-22 22:09:32 -0700345 omap2430_hwmod_init();
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700346 } else if (cpu_is_omap34xx()) {
347 omap3xxx_powerdomains_init();
Paul Walmsleydc0b3a72010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700348 omap2_clockdomains_init();
Paul Walmsley73591542010-02-22 22:09:32 -0700349 omap3xxx_hwmod_init();
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700350 } else if (cpu_is_omap44xx()) {
351 omap44xx_powerdomains_init();
Paul Walmsleydc0b3a72010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700352 omap44xx_clockdomains_init();
Benoit Cousson55d2cb02010-05-12 17:54:36 +0200353 omap44xx_hwmod_init();
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700354 } else {
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700355 pr_err("Could not init hwmod data - unknown SoC\n");
Paul Walmsley6e014782010-12-21 20:01:20 -0700356 }
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700357
358 /* Set the default postsetup state for all hwmods */
359#ifdef CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME
360 postsetup_state = _HWMOD_STATE_IDLE;
361#else
362 postsetup_state = _HWMOD_STATE_ENABLED;
363#endif
364 omap_hwmod_for_each(_set_hwmod_postsetup_state, &postsetup_state);
Benoit Cousson55d2cb02010-05-12 17:54:36 +0200365
Paul Walmsleyff2516f2010-12-21 15:39:15 -0700366 /*
367 * Set the default postsetup state for unusual modules (like
368 * MPU WDT).
369 *
370 * The postsetup_state is not actually used until
371 * omap_hwmod_late_init(), so boards that desire full watchdog
372 * coverage of kernel initialization can reprogram the
373 * postsetup_state between the calls to
374 * omap2_init_common_infra() and omap2_init_common_devices().
375 *
376 * XXX ideally we could detect whether the MPU WDT was currently
377 * enabled here and make this conditional
378 */
379 postsetup_state = _HWMOD_STATE_DISABLED;
380 omap_hwmod_for_each_by_class("wd_timer",
381 _set_hwmod_postsetup_state,
382 &postsetup_state);
383
Kevin Hilman53da4ce2010-12-09 09:13:48 -0600384 omap_pm_if_early_init();
Paul Walmsleye80a9722010-01-26 20:13:12 -0700385
Paul Walmsley81b34fb2010-02-22 22:09:22 -0700386 if (cpu_is_omap2420())
387 omap2420_clk_init();
388 else if (cpu_is_omap2430())
389 omap2430_clk_init();
Paul Walmsleye80a9722010-01-26 20:13:12 -0700390 else if (cpu_is_omap34xx())
391 omap3xxx_clk_init();
392 else if (cpu_is_omap44xx())
393 omap4xxx_clk_init();
394 else
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700395 pr_err("Could not init clock framework - unknown SoC\n");
Paul Walmsley48057342010-12-21 15:25:10 -0700396}
397
Paul Walmsley48057342010-12-21 15:25:10 -0700398void __init omap2_init_common_devices(struct omap_sdrc_params *sdrc_cs0,
399 struct omap_sdrc_params *sdrc_cs1)
400{
Paul Walmsleyb3c6df32009-09-03 20:14:02 +0300401 omap_serial_early_init();
Paul Walmsley97d601622010-07-26 16:34:30 -0600402
Paul Walmsley2092e5c2010-12-14 12:42:35 -0700403 omap_hwmod_late_init();
404
Kevin Hilmanaa4b1f62010-03-10 17:16:31 +0000405 if (cpu_is_omap24xx() || cpu_is_omap34xx()) {
406 omap2_sdrc_init(sdrc_cs0, sdrc_cs1);
407 _omap2_init_reprogram_sdrc();
408 }
Juha Yrjola4bbbc1a2006-06-26 16:16:16 -0700409 gpmc_init();
Tony Lindgren5d190c42010-12-09 15:49:23 -0800410
411 omap_irq_base_init();
Tony Lindgren1dbae812005-11-10 14:26:51 +0000412}
Tony Lindgrendf1e9d12010-12-10 09:46:24 -0800413
414/*
415 * NOTE: Please use ioremap + __raw_read/write where possible instead of these
416 */
417
418u8 omap_readb(u32 pa)
419{
420 return __raw_readb(OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
421}
422EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_readb);
423
424u16 omap_readw(u32 pa)
425{
426 return __raw_readw(OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
427}
428EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_readw);
429
430u32 omap_readl(u32 pa)
431{
432 return __raw_readl(OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
433}
434EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_readl);
435
436void omap_writeb(u8 v, u32 pa)
437{
438 __raw_writeb(v, OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
439}
440EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_writeb);
441
442void omap_writew(u16 v, u32 pa)
443{
444 __raw_writew(v, OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
445}
446EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_writew);
447
448void omap_writel(u32 v, u32 pa)
449{
450 __raw_writel(v, OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS(pa));
451}
452EXPORT_SYMBOL(omap_writel);