include/linux/rcupdate.h

/*
 * Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2001
 *
 * Author: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
 *
 * Based on the original work by Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
 * and inputs from Rusty Russell, Andrea Arcangeli and Andi Kleen.
 * Papers:
 * http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/paper/rclockpdcsproof.pdf
 * http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.sc.pdf (OLS2001)
 *
 * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
 *		http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rcupdate.html
 *
 */

#ifndef __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H
#define __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H

#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/seqlock.h>
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
extern int rcutorture_runnable; /* for sysctl */
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST */

/**
 * struct rcu_head - callback structure for use with RCU
 * @next: next update requests in a list
 * @func: actual update function to call after the grace period.
 */
struct rcu_head {
	struct rcu_head *next;
	void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head);
};

/* Exported common interfaces */
extern void rcu_barrier(void);
extern void rcu_barrier_bh(void);
extern void rcu_barrier_sched(void);
extern void synchronize_sched_expedited(void);
extern int sched_expedited_torture_stats(char *page);

/* Internal to kernel */
extern void rcu_init(void);

#if defined(CONFIG_TREE_RCU) || defined(CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU)
#include <linux/rcutree.h>
#elif defined(CONFIG_TINY_RCU)
#include <linux/rcutiny.h>
#else
#error "Unknown RCU implementation specified to kernel configuration"
#endif

#define RCU_HEAD_INIT	{ .next = NULL, .func = NULL }
#define RCU_HEAD(head) struct rcu_head head = RCU_HEAD_INIT
#define INIT_RCU_HEAD(ptr) do { \
       (ptr)->next = NULL; (ptr)->func = NULL; \
} while (0)

/*
 * init_rcu_head_on_stack()/destroy_rcu_head_on_stack() are needed for dynamic
 * initialization and destruction of rcu_head on the stack. rcu_head structures
 * allocated dynamically in the heap or defined statically don't need any
 * initialization.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
extern void init_rcu_head_on_stack(struct rcu_head *head);
extern void destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(struct rcu_head *head);
#else /* !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
static inline void init_rcu_head_on_stack(struct rcu_head *head)
{
}

static inline void destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(struct rcu_head *head)
{
}
#endif	/* #else !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC

extern struct lockdep_map rcu_lock_map;
# define rcu_read_acquire() \
		lock_acquire(&rcu_lock_map, 0, 0, 2, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
# define rcu_read_release()	lock_release(&rcu_lock_map, 1, _THIS_IP_)

extern struct lockdep_map rcu_bh_lock_map;
# define rcu_read_acquire_bh() \
		lock_acquire(&rcu_bh_lock_map, 0, 0, 2, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
# define rcu_read_release_bh()	lock_release(&rcu_bh_lock_map, 1, _THIS_IP_)

extern struct lockdep_map rcu_sched_lock_map;
# define rcu_read_acquire_sched() \
		lock_acquire(&rcu_sched_lock_map, 0, 0, 2, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
# define rcu_read_release_sched() \
		lock_release(&rcu_sched_lock_map, 1, _THIS_IP_)

extern int debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled(void);

/**
 * rcu_read_lock_held - might we be in RCU read-side critical section?
 *
 * If CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is selected, returns nonzero iff in an RCU
 * read-side critical section.  In absence of CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC,
 * this assumes we are in an RCU read-side critical section unless it can
 * prove otherwise.
 *
 * Check debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled() to prevent false positives during boot
 * and while lockdep is disabled.
 */
static inline int rcu_read_lock_held(void)
{
	if (!debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled())
		return 1;
	return lock_is_held(&rcu_lock_map);
}

/*
 * rcu_read_lock_bh_held() is defined out of line to avoid #include-file
 * hell.
 */
extern int rcu_read_lock_bh_held(void);

/**
 * rcu_read_lock_sched_held - might we be in RCU-sched read-side critical section?
 *
 * If CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is selected, returns nonzero iff in an
 * RCU-sched read-side critical section.  In absence of
 * CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC, this assumes we are in an RCU-sched read-side
 * critical section unless it can prove otherwise.  Note that disabling
 * of preemption (including disabling irqs) counts as an RCU-sched
 * read-side critical section.
 *
 * Check debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled() to prevent false positives during boot
 * and while lockdep is disabled.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
static inline int rcu_read_lock_sched_held(void)
{
	int lockdep_opinion = 0;

	if (!debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled())
		return 1;
	if (debug_locks)
		lockdep_opinion = lock_is_held(&rcu_sched_lock_map);
	return lockdep_opinion || preempt_count() != 0 || irqs_disabled();
}
#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT */
static inline int rcu_read_lock_sched_held(void)
{
	return 1;
}
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT */

#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC */

# define rcu_read_acquire()		do { } while (0)
# define rcu_read_release()		do { } while (0)
# define rcu_read_acquire_bh()		do { } while (0)
# define rcu_read_release_bh()		do { } while (0)
# define rcu_read_acquire_sched()	do { } while (0)
# define rcu_read_release_sched()	do { } while (0)

static inline int rcu_read_lock_held(void)
{
	return 1;
}

static inline int rcu_read_lock_bh_held(void)
{
	return 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
static inline int rcu_read_lock_sched_held(void)
{
	return preempt_count() != 0 || irqs_disabled();
}
#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT */
static inline int rcu_read_lock_sched_held(void)
{
	return 1;
}
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT */

#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC */

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU

extern int rcu_my_thread_group_empty(void);

#define __do_rcu_dereference_check(c)					\
	do {								\
		static bool __warned;					\
		if (debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled() && !__warned && !(c)) {	\
			__warned = true;				\
			lockdep_rcu_dereference(__FILE__, __LINE__);	\
		}							\
	} while (0)

/**
 * rcu_dereference_check - rcu_dereference with debug checking
 * @p: The pointer to read, prior to dereferencing
 * @c: The conditions under which the dereference will take place
 *
 * Do an rcu_dereference(), but check that the conditions under which the
 * dereference will take place are correct.  Typically the conditions indicate
 * the various locking conditions that should be held at that point.  The check
 * should return true if the conditions are satisfied.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 *	bar = rcu_dereference_check(foo->bar, rcu_read_lock_held() ||
 *					      lockdep_is_held(&foo->lock));
 *
 * could be used to indicate to lockdep that foo->bar may only be dereferenced
 * if either the RCU read lock is held, or that the lock required to replace
 * the bar struct at foo->bar is held.
 *
 * Note that the list of conditions may also include indications of when a lock
 * need not be held, for example during initialisation or destruction of the
 * target struct:
 *
 *	bar = rcu_dereference_check(foo->bar, rcu_read_lock_held() ||
 *					      lockdep_is_held(&foo->lock) ||
 *					      atomic_read(&foo->usage) == 0);
 */
#define rcu_dereference_check(p, c) \
	({ \
		__do_rcu_dereference_check(c); \
		rcu_dereference_raw(p); \
	})

/**
 * rcu_dereference_protected - fetch RCU pointer when updates prevented
 *
 * Return the value of the specified RCU-protected pointer, but omit
 * both the smp_read_barrier_depends() and the ACCESS_ONCE().  This
 * is useful in cases where update-side locks prevent the value of the
 * pointer from changing.  Please note that this primitive does -not-
 * prevent the compiler from repeating this reference or combining it
 * with other references, so it should not be used without protection
 * of appropriate locks.
 */
#define rcu_dereference_protected(p, c) \
	({ \
		__do_rcu_dereference_check(c); \
		(p); \
	})

#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU */

#define rcu_dereference_check(p, c)	rcu_dereference_raw(p)
#define rcu_dereference_protected(p, c) (p)

#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU */

/**
 * rcu_access_pointer - fetch RCU pointer with no dereferencing
 *
 * Return the value of the specified RCU-protected pointer, but omit the
 * smp_read_barrier_depends() and keep the ACCESS_ONCE().  This is useful
 * when the value of this pointer is accessed, but the pointer is not
 * dereferenced, for example, when testing an RCU-protected pointer against
 * NULL.  This may also be used in cases where update-side locks prevent
 * the value of the pointer from changing, but rcu_dereference_protected()
 * is a lighter-weight primitive for this use case.
 */
#define rcu_access_pointer(p)	ACCESS_ONCE(p)

/**
 * rcu_read_lock - mark the beginning of an RCU read-side critical section.
 *
 * When synchronize_rcu() is invoked on one CPU while other CPUs
 * are within RCU read-side critical sections, then the
 * synchronize_rcu() is guaranteed to block until after all the other
 * CPUs exit their critical sections.  Similarly, if call_rcu() is invoked
 * on one CPU while other CPUs are within RCU read-side critical
 * sections, invocation of the corresponding RCU callback is deferred
 * until after the all the other CPUs exit their critical sections.
 *
 * Note, however, that RCU callbacks are permitted to run concurrently
 * with RCU read-side critical sections.  One way that this can happen
 * is via the following sequence of events: (1) CPU 0 enters an RCU
 * read-side critical section, (2) CPU 1 invokes call_rcu() to register
 * an RCU callback, (3) CPU 0 exits the RCU read-side critical section,
 * (4) CPU 2 enters a RCU read-side critical section, (5) the RCU
 * callback is invoked.  This is legal, because the RCU read-side critical
 * section that was running concurrently with the call_rcu() (and which
 * therefore might be referencing something that the corresponding RCU
 * callback would free up) has completed before the corresponding
 * RCU callback is invoked.
 *
 * RCU read-side critical sections may be nested.  Any deferred actions
 * will be deferred until the outermost RCU read-side critical section
 * completes.
 *
 * It is illegal to block while in an RCU read-side critical section.
 */
static inline void rcu_read_lock(void)
{
	__rcu_read_lock();
	__acquire(RCU);
	rcu_read_acquire();
}

/*
 * So where is rcu_write_lock()?  It does not exist, as there is no
 * way for writers to lock out RCU readers.  This is a feature, not
 * a bug -- this property is what provides RCU's performance benefits.
 * Of course, writers must coordinate with each other.  The normal
 * spinlock primitives work well for this, but any other technique may be
 * used as well.  RCU does not care how the writers keep out of each
 * others' way, as long as they do so.
 */

/**
 * rcu_read_unlock - marks the end of an RCU read-side critical section.
 *
 * See rcu_read_lock() for more information.
 */
static inline void rcu_read_unlock(void)
{
	rcu_read_release();
	__release(RCU);
	__rcu_read_unlock();
}

/**
 * rcu_read_lock_bh - mark the beginning of a softirq-only RCU critical section
 *
 * This is equivalent of rcu_read_lock(), but to be used when updates
 * are being done using call_rcu_bh(). Since call_rcu_bh() callbacks
 * consider completion of a softirq handler to be a quiescent state,
 * a process in RCU read-side critical section must be protected by
 * disabling softirqs. Read-side critical sections in interrupt context
 * can use just rcu_read_lock().
 *
 */
static inline void rcu_read_lock_bh(void)
{
	__rcu_read_lock_bh();
	__acquire(RCU_BH);
	rcu_read_acquire_bh();
}

/*
 * rcu_read_unlock_bh - marks the end of a softirq-only RCU critical section
 *
 * See rcu_read_lock_bh() for more information.
 */
static inline void rcu_read_unlock_bh(void)
{
	rcu_read_release_bh();
	__release(RCU_BH);
	__rcu_read_unlock_bh();
}

/**
 * rcu_read_lock_sched - mark the beginning of a RCU-classic critical section
 *
 * Should be used with either
 * - synchronize_sched()
 * or
 * - call_rcu_sched() and rcu_barrier_sched()
 * on the write-side to insure proper synchronization.
 */
static inline void rcu_read_lock_sched(void)
{
	preempt_disable();
	__acquire(RCU_SCHED);
	rcu_read_acquire_sched();
}

/* Used by lockdep and tracing: cannot be traced, cannot call lockdep. */
static inline notrace void rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace(void)
{
	preempt_disable_notrace();
	__acquire(RCU_SCHED);
}

/*
 * rcu_read_unlock_sched - marks the end of a RCU-classic critical section
 *
 * See rcu_read_lock_sched for more information.
 */
static inline void rcu_read_unlock_sched(void)
{
	rcu_read_release_sched();
	__release(RCU_SCHED);
	preempt_enable();
}

/* Used by lockdep and tracing: cannot be traced, cannot call lockdep. */
static inline notrace void rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(void)
{
	__release(RCU_SCHED);
	preempt_enable_notrace();
}


/**
 * rcu_dereference_raw - fetch an RCU-protected pointer
 *
 * The caller must be within some flavor of RCU read-side critical
 * section, or must be otherwise preventing the pointer from changing,
 * for example, by holding an appropriate lock.  This pointer may later
 * be safely dereferenced.  It is the caller's responsibility to have
 * done the right thing, as this primitive does no checking of any kind.
 *
 * Inserts memory barriers on architectures that require them
 * (currently only the Alpha), and, more importantly, documents
 * exactly which pointers are protected by RCU.
 */
#define rcu_dereference_raw(p)	({ \
				typeof(p) _________p1 = ACCESS_ONCE(p); \
				smp_read_barrier_depends(); \
				(_________p1); \
				})

/**
 * rcu_dereference - fetch an RCU-protected pointer, checking for RCU
 *
 * Makes rcu_dereference_check() do the dirty work.
 */
#define rcu_dereference(p) \
	rcu_dereference_check(p, rcu_read_lock_held())

/**
 * rcu_dereference_bh - fetch an RCU-protected pointer, checking for RCU-bh
 *
 * Makes rcu_dereference_check() do the dirty work.
 */
#define rcu_dereference_bh(p) \
		rcu_dereference_check(p, rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || irqs_disabled())

/**
 * rcu_dereference_sched - fetch RCU-protected pointer, checking for RCU-sched
 *
 * Makes rcu_dereference_check() do the dirty work.
 */
#define rcu_dereference_sched(p) \
		rcu_dereference_check(p, rcu_read_lock_sched_held())

/**
 * rcu_assign_pointer - assign (publicize) a pointer to a newly
 * initialized structure that will be dereferenced by RCU read-side
 * critical sections.  Returns the value assigned.
 *
 * Inserts memory barriers on architectures that require them
 * (pretty much all of them other than x86), and also prevents
 * the compiler from reordering the code that initializes the
 * structure after the pointer assignment.  More importantly, this
 * call documents which pointers will be dereferenced by RCU read-side
 * code.
 */

#define rcu_assign_pointer(p, v) \
	({ \
		if (!__builtin_constant_p(v) || \
		    ((v) != NULL)) \
			smp_wmb(); \
		(p) = (v); \
	})

/* Infrastructure to implement the synchronize_() primitives. */

struct rcu_synchronize {
	struct rcu_head head;
	struct completion completion;
};

extern void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head  *head);

/**
 * call_rcu - Queue an RCU callback for invocation after a grace period.
 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
 *
 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
 * read-side critical sections have completed.  RCU read-side critical
 * sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
 * and may be nested.
 */
extern void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head,
			      void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));

/**
 * call_rcu_bh - Queue an RCU for invocation after a quicker grace period.
 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
 *
 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
 * read-side critical sections have completed. call_rcu_bh() assumes
 * that the read-side critical sections end on completion of a softirq
 * handler. This means that read-side critical sections in process
 * context must not be interrupted by softirqs. This interface is to be
 * used when most of the read-side critical sections are in softirq context.
 * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by :
 *  - rcu_read_lock() and  rcu_read_unlock(), if in interrupt context.
 *  OR
 *  - rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), if in process context.
 *  These may be nested.
 */
extern void call_rcu_bh(struct rcu_head *head,
			void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));

/*
 * debug_rcu_head_queue()/debug_rcu_head_unqueue() are used internally
 * by call_rcu() and rcu callback execution, and are therefore not part of the
 * RCU API. Leaving in rcupdate.h because they are used by all RCU flavors.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
# define STATE_RCU_HEAD_READY	0
# define STATE_RCU_HEAD_QUEUED	1

extern struct debug_obj_descr rcuhead_debug_descr;

static inline void debug_rcu_head_queue(struct rcu_head *head)
{
	debug_object_activate(head, &rcuhead_debug_descr);
	debug_object_active_state(head, &rcuhead_debug_descr,
				  STATE_RCU_HEAD_READY,
				  STATE_RCU_HEAD_QUEUED);
}

static inline void debug_rcu_head_unqueue(struct rcu_head *head)
{
	debug_object_active_state(head, &rcuhead_debug_descr,
				  STATE_RCU_HEAD_QUEUED,
				  STATE_RCU_HEAD_READY);
	debug_object_deactivate(head, &rcuhead_debug_descr);
}
#else	/* !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
static inline void debug_rcu_head_queue(struct rcu_head *head)
{
}

static inline void debug_rcu_head_unqueue(struct rcu_head *head)
{
}
#endif	/* #else !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */

#ifndef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
#define __do_rcu_dereference_check(c) do { } while (0)
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU */

#define __rcu_dereference_index_check(p, c) \
	({ \
		typeof(p) _________p1 = ACCESS_ONCE(p); \
		__do_rcu_dereference_check(c); \
		smp_read_barrier_depends(); \
		(_________p1); \
	})

/**
 * rcu_dereference_index_check() - rcu_dereference for indices with debug checking
 * @p: The pointer to read, prior to dereferencing
 * @c: The conditions under which the dereference will take place
 *
 * Similar to rcu_dereference_check(), but omits the sparse checking.
 * This allows rcu_dereference_index_check() to be used on integers,
 * which can then be used as array indices.  Attempting to use
 * rcu_dereference_check() on an integer will give compiler warnings
 * because the sparse address-space mechanism relies on dereferencing
 * the RCU-protected pointer.  Dereferencing integers is not something
 * that even gcc will put up with.
 *
 * Note that this function does not implicitly check for RCU read-side
 * critical sections.  If this function gains lots of uses, it might
 * make sense to provide versions for each flavor of RCU, but it does
 * not make sense as of early 2010.
 */
#define rcu_dereference_index_check(p, c) \
	__rcu_dereference_index_check((p), (c))

#endif /* __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H */