ART: Move DexCache arrays to native.

This CL has a companion CL in libcore/
    https://android-review.googlesource.com/162985

Change-Id: Icbc9e20ad1b565e603195b12714762bb446515fa
diff --git a/runtime/arch/x86_64/quick_entrypoints_x86_64.S b/runtime/arch/x86_64/quick_entrypoints_x86_64.S
index 1498a4b..9303b00 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/x86_64/quick_entrypoints_x86_64.S
+++ b/runtime/arch/x86_64/quick_entrypoints_x86_64.S
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@
     int3
 #endif
     // Might need a special macro since rsi and edx is 32b/64b mismatched.
-    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET(%rsi), %edx  // Load dex cache resolved types array
+    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_64(%rsi), %edx  // Load dex cache resolved types array
     UNPOISON_HEAP_REF edx
     // TODO: Add read barrier when this function is used.
     // Might need to break down into multiple instructions to get the base address in a register.
diff --git a/runtime/art_field-inl.h b/runtime/art_field-inl.h
index 5138cc9..4166e22 100644
--- a/runtime/art_field-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/art_field-inl.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include "gc_root-inl.h"
 #include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
 #include "jvalue.h"
-#include "mirror/dex_cache.h"
+#include "mirror/dex_cache-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object-inl.h"
 #include "primitive.h"
 #include "thread-inl.h"
diff --git a/runtime/art_method-inl.h b/runtime/art_method-inl.h
index d38cc56..cfd7fcd 100644
--- a/runtime/art_method-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/art_method-inl.h
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@
 #include "art_field.h"
 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "class_linker-inl.h"
+#include "common_throws.h"
 #include "dex_file.h"
 #include "dex_file-inl.h"
 #include "gc_root-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/class-inl.h"
-#include "mirror/dex_cache.h"
+#include "mirror/dex_cache-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object_array.h"
 #include "oat.h"
@@ -95,14 +96,20 @@
   return dex_method_index_;
 }
 
-inline mirror::PointerArray* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedMethods() {
-  GcRootSource gc_root_source(this);
-  return dex_cache_resolved_methods_.Read(&gc_root_source);
+inline ArtMethod** ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetNativePointer<ArtMethod**>(DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset(pointer_size),
+                                       pointer_size);
 }
 
 inline ArtMethod* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_index, size_t ptr_size) {
-  auto* method = GetDexCacheResolvedMethods()->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(
-      method_index, ptr_size);
+  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB. We don't even know the length here
+  // without accessing the DexCache and we don't want to do that in release build.
+  DCHECK_LT(method_index,
+            GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(ptr_size)->GetDeclaringClass()
+                ->GetDexCache()->NumResolvedMethods());
+  ArtMethod* method = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(ptr_size),
+                                                          method_index,
+                                                          ptr_size);
   if (LIKELY(method != nullptr)) {
     auto* declaring_class = method->GetDeclaringClass();
     if (LIKELY(declaring_class == nullptr || !declaring_class->IsErroneous())) {
@@ -112,52 +119,70 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_idx, ArtMethod* new_method,
+inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_index, ArtMethod* new_method,
                                                  size_t ptr_size) {
+  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB. We don't even know the length here
+  // without accessing the DexCache and we don't want to do that in release build.
+  DCHECK_LT(method_index,
+            GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(ptr_size)->GetDeclaringClass()
+                ->GetDexCache()->NumResolvedMethods());
   DCHECK(new_method == nullptr || new_method->GetDeclaringClass() != nullptr);
-  GetDexCacheResolvedMethods()->SetElementPtrSize(method_idx, new_method, ptr_size);
+  mirror::DexCache::SetElementPtrSize(GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(ptr_size),
+                                      method_index,
+                                      new_method,
+                                      ptr_size);
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasDexCacheResolvedMethods() {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods() != nullptr;
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasDexCacheResolvedMethods(size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size) != nullptr;
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(mirror::PointerArray* other_cache) {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods() == other_cache;
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod** other_cache,
+                                                      size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size) == other_cache;
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod* other) {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods() == other->GetDexCacheResolvedMethods();
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod* other, size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size) ==
+      other->GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size);
 }
 
-inline mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedTypes() {
-  GcRootSource gc_root_source(this);
-  return dex_cache_resolved_types_.Read(&gc_root_source);
+inline GcRoot<mirror::Class>* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetNativePointer<GcRoot<mirror::Class>*>(DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset(pointer_size),
+                                                  pointer_size);
 }
 
 template <bool kWithCheck>
-inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedType(uint32_t type_index) {
-  mirror::Class* klass = kWithCheck ?
-      GetDexCacheResolvedTypes()->Get(type_index) :
-      GetDexCacheResolvedTypes()->GetWithoutChecks(type_index);
+inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedType(uint32_t type_index, size_t ptr_size) {
+  if (kWithCheck) {
+    mirror::DexCache* dex_cache =
+        GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(ptr_size)->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
+    if (UNLIKELY(type_index >= dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes())) {
+      ThrowArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(type_index, dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes());
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+  mirror::Class* klass = GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(ptr_size)[type_index].Read();
   return (klass != nullptr && !klass->IsErroneous()) ? klass : nullptr;
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasDexCacheResolvedTypes() {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes() != nullptr;
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasDexCacheResolvedTypes(size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(pointer_size) != nullptr;
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(
-    mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* other_cache) {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes() == other_cache;
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(GcRoot<mirror::Class>* other_cache,
+                                                    size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(pointer_size) == other_cache;
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(ArtMethod* other) {
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes() == other->GetDexCacheResolvedTypes();
+inline bool ArtMethod::HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(ArtMethod* other, size_t pointer_size) {
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(pointer_size) == other->GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(pointer_size);
 }
 
-inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetClassFromTypeIndex(uint16_t type_idx, bool resolve) {
-  mirror::Class* type = GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx);
+inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetClassFromTypeIndex(uint16_t type_idx,
+                                                       bool resolve,
+                                                       size_t ptr_size) {
+  mirror::Class* type = GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx, ptr_size);
   if (type == nullptr && resolve) {
     type = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(type_idx, this);
     CHECK(type != nullptr || Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
@@ -391,9 +416,9 @@
   return GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexFile().GetCodeItem(GetCodeItemOffset());
 }
 
-inline bool ArtMethod::IsResolvedTypeIdx(uint16_t type_idx) {
+inline bool ArtMethod::IsResolvedTypeIdx(uint16_t type_idx, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK(!IsProxyMethod());
-  return GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx) != nullptr;
+  return GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx, ptr_size) != nullptr;
 }
 
 inline int32_t ArtMethod::GetLineNumFromDexPC(uint32_t dex_pc) {
@@ -467,30 +492,33 @@
     return this;
   }
   mirror::Class* klass = GetDeclaringClass();
-  auto interface_method = GetDexCacheResolvedMethods()->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(
-      GetDexMethodIndex(), pointer_size);
+  ArtMethod* interface_method = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(
+      GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size),
+      GetDexMethodIndex(),
+      pointer_size);
   DCHECK(interface_method != nullptr);
   DCHECK_EQ(interface_method,
             Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindMethodForProxy(klass, this));
   return interface_method;
 }
 
-inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(mirror::PointerArray* new_dex_cache_methods) {
-  dex_cache_resolved_methods_ = GcRoot<mirror::PointerArray>(new_dex_cache_methods);
+inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod** new_dex_cache_methods,
+                                                  size_t ptr_size) {
+  SetNativePointer(DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset(ptr_size), new_dex_cache_methods, ptr_size);
 }
 
-inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(
-    mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* new_dex_cache_types) {
-  dex_cache_resolved_types_ = GcRoot<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>>(new_dex_cache_types);
+inline void ArtMethod::SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(GcRoot<mirror::Class>* new_dex_cache_types,
+                                                size_t ptr_size) {
+  SetNativePointer(DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset(ptr_size), new_dex_cache_types, ptr_size);
 }
 
-inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetReturnType(bool resolve) {
+inline mirror::Class* ArtMethod::GetReturnType(bool resolve, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK(!IsProxyMethod());
   const DexFile* dex_file = GetDexFile();
   const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file->GetMethodId(GetDexMethodIndex());
   const DexFile::ProtoId& proto_id = dex_file->GetMethodPrototype(method_id);
   uint16_t return_type_idx = proto_id.return_type_idx_;
-  mirror::Class* type = GetDexCacheResolvedType(return_type_idx);
+  mirror::Class* type = GetDexCacheResolvedType(return_type_idx, ptr_size);
   if (type == nullptr && resolve) {
     type = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(return_type_idx, this);
     CHECK(type != nullptr || Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
@@ -500,19 +528,29 @@
 
 template<typename RootVisitorType>
 void ArtMethod::VisitRoots(RootVisitorType& visitor) {
+  ArtMethod* interface_method = nullptr;
+  mirror::Class* klass = declaring_class_.Read();
+  if (UNLIKELY(klass != nullptr && klass->IsProxyClass())) {
+    // For normal methods, dex cache shortcuts will be visited through the declaring class.
+    // However, for proxies we need to keep the interface method alive, so we visit its roots.
+    size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+    interface_method = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(
+        GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size),
+        GetDexMethodIndex(),
+        pointer_size);
+    DCHECK(interface_method != nullptr);
+    DCHECK_EQ(interface_method,
+              Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindMethodForProxy(klass, this));
+    interface_method->VisitRoots(visitor);
+  }
+
   visitor.VisitRootIfNonNull(declaring_class_.AddressWithoutBarrier());
-  visitor.VisitRootIfNonNull(dex_cache_resolved_methods_.AddressWithoutBarrier());
-  visitor.VisitRootIfNonNull(dex_cache_resolved_types_.AddressWithoutBarrier());
 }
 
 inline void ArtMethod::CopyFrom(const ArtMethod* src, size_t image_pointer_size) {
   memcpy(reinterpret_cast<void*>(this), reinterpret_cast<const void*>(src),
          Size(image_pointer_size));
   declaring_class_ = GcRoot<mirror::Class>(const_cast<ArtMethod*>(src)->GetDeclaringClass());
-  dex_cache_resolved_methods_ = GcRoot<mirror::PointerArray>(
-      const_cast<ArtMethod*>(src)->GetDexCacheResolvedMethods());
-  dex_cache_resolved_types_ = GcRoot<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>>(
-      const_cast<ArtMethod*>(src)->GetDexCacheResolvedTypes());
 }
 
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/art_method.cc b/runtime/art_method.cc
index e46402d..64416d2 100644
--- a/runtime/art_method.cc
+++ b/runtime/art_method.cc
@@ -125,8 +125,9 @@
   } else {
     // Method didn't override superclass method so search interfaces
     if (IsProxyMethod()) {
-      result = GetDexCacheResolvedMethods()->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(
-          GetDexMethodIndex(), pointer_size);
+      result = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(pointer_size),
+                                                   GetDexMethodIndex(),
+                                                   pointer_size);
       CHECK_EQ(result,
                Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindMethodForProxy(GetDeclaringClass(), this));
     } else {
@@ -261,6 +262,7 @@
   // Default to handler not found.
   uint32_t found_dex_pc = DexFile::kDexNoIndex;
   // Iterate over the catch handlers associated with dex_pc.
+  size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
   for (CatchHandlerIterator it(*code_item, dex_pc); it.HasNext(); it.Next()) {
     uint16_t iter_type_idx = it.GetHandlerTypeIndex();
     // Catch all case
@@ -269,7 +271,9 @@
       break;
     }
     // Does this catch exception type apply?
-    mirror::Class* iter_exception_type = GetClassFromTypeIndex(iter_type_idx, true);
+    mirror::Class* iter_exception_type = GetClassFromTypeIndex(iter_type_idx,
+                                                               true /* resolve */,
+                                                               pointer_size);
     if (UNLIKELY(iter_exception_type == nullptr)) {
       // Now have a NoClassDefFoundError as exception. Ignore in case the exception class was
       // removed by a pro-guard like tool.
diff --git a/runtime/art_method.h b/runtime/art_method.h
index 6cdc4a6..e0b11d0 100644
--- a/runtime/art_method.h
+++ b/runtime/art_method.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ART_RUNTIME_ART_METHOD_H_
 #define ART_RUNTIME_ART_METHOD_H_
 
+#include "base/casts.h"
 #include "dex_file.h"
 #include "gc_root.h"
 #include "invoke_type.h"
@@ -212,41 +213,35 @@
     dex_method_index_ = new_idx;
   }
 
-  static MemberOffset DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset() {
-    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(ArtMethod, dex_cache_resolved_methods_);
-  }
-
-  static MemberOffset DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset() {
-    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(ArtMethod, dex_cache_resolved_types_);
-  }
-
-  ALWAYS_INLINE mirror::PointerArray* GetDexCacheResolvedMethods()
+  ALWAYS_INLINE ArtMethod** GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(size_t pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  ALWAYS_INLINE ArtMethod* GetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_idx, size_t ptr_size)
+  ALWAYS_INLINE ArtMethod* GetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_index, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_idx, ArtMethod* new_method,
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetDexCacheResolvedMethod(uint16_t method_index,
+                                               ArtMethod* new_method,
                                                size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(mirror::PointerArray* new_dex_cache_methods)
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod** new_dex_cache_methods, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasDexCacheResolvedMethods() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod* other)
+  bool HasDexCacheResolvedMethods(size_t pointer_size) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod* other, size_t pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(mirror::PointerArray* other_cache)
+  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(ArtMethod** other_cache, size_t pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   template <bool kWithCheck = true>
-  mirror::Class* GetDexCacheResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx)
+  mirror::Class* GetDexCacheResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  void SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* new_dex_cache_types)
+  void SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(GcRoot<mirror::Class>* new_dex_cache_types, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasDexCacheResolvedTypes() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(ArtMethod* other) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* other_cache)
+  bool HasDexCacheResolvedTypes(size_t pointer_size) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(ArtMethod* other, size_t pointer_size)
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  bool HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(GcRoot<mirror::Class>* other_cache, size_t pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Get the Class* from the type index into this method's dex cache.
-  mirror::Class* GetClassFromTypeIndex(uint16_t type_idx, bool resolve)
+  mirror::Class* GetClassFromTypeIndex(uint16_t type_idx, bool resolve, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Find the method that this method overrides.
@@ -267,7 +262,7 @@
     return GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodePtrSize(sizeof(void*));
   }
   ALWAYS_INLINE const void* GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodePtrSize(size_t pointer_size) {
-    return GetEntryPoint<const void*>(
+    return GetNativePointer<const void*>(
         EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(pointer_size), pointer_size);
   }
 
@@ -277,8 +272,8 @@
   }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodePtrSize(
       const void* entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code, size_t pointer_size) {
-    SetEntryPoint(EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(pointer_size),
-                  entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code, pointer_size);
+    SetNativePointer(EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(pointer_size),
+                     entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code, pointer_size);
   }
 
   uint32_t GetCodeSize() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -374,6 +369,16 @@
 
   void UnregisterNative() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  static MemberOffset DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset(size_t pointer_size) {
+    return MemberOffset(PtrSizedFieldsOffset(pointer_size) + OFFSETOF_MEMBER(
+        PtrSizedFields, dex_cache_resolved_methods_) / sizeof(void*) * pointer_size);
+  }
+
+  static MemberOffset DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset(size_t pointer_size) {
+    return MemberOffset(PtrSizedFieldsOffset(pointer_size) + OFFSETOF_MEMBER(
+        PtrSizedFields, dex_cache_resolved_types_) / sizeof(void*) * pointer_size);
+  }
+
   static MemberOffset EntryPointFromJniOffset(size_t pointer_size) {
     return MemberOffset(PtrSizedFieldsOffset(pointer_size) + OFFSETOF_MEMBER(
         PtrSizedFields, entry_point_from_jni_) / sizeof(void*) * pointer_size);
@@ -388,14 +393,14 @@
     return GetEntryPointFromJniPtrSize(sizeof(void*));
   }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void* GetEntryPointFromJniPtrSize(size_t pointer_size) {
-    return GetEntryPoint<void*>(EntryPointFromJniOffset(pointer_size), pointer_size);
+    return GetNativePointer<void*>(EntryPointFromJniOffset(pointer_size), pointer_size);
   }
 
   void SetEntryPointFromJni(const void* entrypoint) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     SetEntryPointFromJniPtrSize(entrypoint, sizeof(void*));
   }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void SetEntryPointFromJniPtrSize(const void* entrypoint, size_t pointer_size) {
-    SetEntryPoint(EntryPointFromJniOffset(pointer_size), entrypoint, pointer_size);
+    SetNativePointer(EntryPointFromJniOffset(pointer_size), entrypoint, pointer_size);
   }
 
   // Is this a CalleSaveMethod or ResolutionMethod and therefore doesn't adhere to normal
@@ -464,7 +469,7 @@
 
   const DexFile::CodeItem* GetCodeItem() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  bool IsResolvedTypeIdx(uint16_t type_idx) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  bool IsResolvedTypeIdx(uint16_t type_idx, size_t ptr_size) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   int32_t GetLineNumFromDexPC(uint32_t dex_pc) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
@@ -485,7 +490,8 @@
 
   // May cause thread suspension due to GetClassFromTypeIdx calling ResolveType this caused a large
   // number of bugs at call sites.
-  mirror::Class* GetReturnType(bool resolve = true) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  mirror::Class* GetReturnType(bool resolve, size_t ptr_size)
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   mirror::ClassLoader* GetClassLoader() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
@@ -514,7 +520,7 @@
   void CopyFrom(const ArtMethod* src, size_t image_pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  ALWAYS_INLINE mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* GetDexCacheResolvedTypes()
+  ALWAYS_INLINE GcRoot<mirror::Class>* GetDexCacheResolvedTypes(size_t pointer_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
  protected:
@@ -522,12 +528,6 @@
   // The class we are a part of.
   GcRoot<mirror::Class> declaring_class_;
 
-  // Short cuts to declaring_class_->dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
-  GcRoot<mirror::PointerArray> dex_cache_resolved_methods_;
-
-  // Short cuts to declaring_class_->dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
-  GcRoot<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>> dex_cache_resolved_types_;
-
   // Access flags; low 16 bits are defined by spec.
   uint32_t access_flags_;
 
@@ -552,6 +552,12 @@
   // PACKED(4) is necessary for the correctness of
   // RoundUp(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(ArtMethod, ptr_sized_fields_), pointer_size).
   struct PACKED(4) PtrSizedFields {
+    // Short cuts to declaring_class_->dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
+    ArtMethod** dex_cache_resolved_methods_;
+
+    // Short cuts to declaring_class_->dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
+    GcRoot<mirror::Class>* dex_cache_resolved_types_;
+
     // Pointer to JNI function registered to this method, or a function to resolve the JNI function.
     void* entry_point_from_jni_;
 
@@ -567,26 +573,26 @@
   }
 
   template<typename T>
-  ALWAYS_INLINE T GetEntryPoint(MemberOffset offset, size_t pointer_size) const {
+  ALWAYS_INLINE T GetNativePointer(MemberOffset offset, size_t pointer_size) const {
+    static_assert(std::is_pointer<T>::value, "T must be a pointer type");
     DCHECK(ValidPointerSize(pointer_size)) << pointer_size;
     const auto addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this) + offset.Uint32Value();
     if (pointer_size == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
       return reinterpret_cast<T>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(addr));
     } else {
       auto v = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(addr);
-      DCHECK_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(reinterpret_cast<T>(v)), v) << "Conversion lost bits";
-      return reinterpret_cast<T>(v);
+      return reinterpret_cast<T>(dchecked_integral_cast<uintptr_t>(v));
     }
   }
 
   template<typename T>
-  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetEntryPoint(MemberOffset offset, T new_value, size_t pointer_size) {
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetNativePointer(MemberOffset offset, T new_value, size_t pointer_size) {
+    static_assert(std::is_pointer<T>::value, "T must be a pointer type");
     DCHECK(ValidPointerSize(pointer_size)) << pointer_size;
     const auto addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this) + offset.Uint32Value();
     if (pointer_size == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
       uintptr_t ptr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(new_value);
-      DCHECK_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(ptr), ptr) << "Conversion lost bits";
-      *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(addr) = static_cast<uint32_t>(ptr);
+      *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(addr) = dchecked_integral_cast<uint32_t>(ptr);
     } else {
       *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(addr) = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(new_value);
     }
diff --git a/runtime/asm_support.h b/runtime/asm_support.h
index 5c1922e..04ff120 100644
--- a/runtime/asm_support.h
+++ b/runtime/asm_support.h
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@
 #define MIRROR_CLASS_COMPONENT_TYPE_OFFSET (4 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
 ADD_TEST_EQ(MIRROR_CLASS_COMPONENT_TYPE_OFFSET,
             art::mirror::Class::ComponentTypeOffset().Int32Value())
-#define MIRROR_CLASS_ACCESS_FLAGS_OFFSET (36 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
+#define MIRROR_CLASS_ACCESS_FLAGS_OFFSET (72 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
 ADD_TEST_EQ(MIRROR_CLASS_ACCESS_FLAGS_OFFSET,
             art::mirror::Class::AccessFlagsOffset().Int32Value())
-#define MIRROR_CLASS_OBJECT_SIZE_OFFSET (100 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
+#define MIRROR_CLASS_OBJECT_SIZE_OFFSET (104 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
 ADD_TEST_EQ(MIRROR_CLASS_OBJECT_SIZE_OFFSET,
             art::mirror::Class::ObjectSizeOffset().Int32Value())
-#define MIRROR_CLASS_STATUS_OFFSET (112 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
+#define MIRROR_CLASS_STATUS_OFFSET (116 + MIRROR_OBJECT_HEADER_SIZE)
 ADD_TEST_EQ(MIRROR_CLASS_STATUS_OFFSET,
             art::mirror::Class::StatusOffset().Int32Value())
 
@@ -184,19 +184,27 @@
 ADD_TEST_EQ(MIRROR_STRING_VALUE_OFFSET, art::mirror::String::ValueOffset().Int32Value())
 
 // Offsets within java.lang.reflect.ArtMethod.
-#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET 4
-ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET,
-            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset().Int32Value())
+#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET_32 20
+ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET_32,
+            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset(4).Int32Value())
 
-#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET 8
-ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET,
-            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value())
+#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET_64 24
+ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET_64,
+            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedMethodsOffset(8).Int32Value())
+
+#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_32 24
+ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_32,
+            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset(4).Int32Value())
+
+#define ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_64 32
+ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_64,
+            art::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset(8).Int32Value())
 
 #define ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_32 32
 ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_32,
             art::ArtMethod::EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(4).Int32Value())
 
-#define ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64 40
+#define ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64 48
 ADD_TEST_EQ(ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64,
             art::ArtMethod::EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(8).Int32Value())
 
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker-inl.h b/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
index d2dbff6..6a55c32 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@
 inline mirror::String* ClassLinker::ResolveString(uint32_t string_idx,
                                                   ArtMethod* referrer) {
   mirror::Class* declaring_class = referrer->GetDeclaringClass();
-  mirror::String* resolved_string = declaring_class->GetDexCacheStrings()->Get(string_idx);
+  // MethodVerifier refuses methods with string_idx out of bounds.
+  DCHECK_LT(string_idx, declaring_class->GetDexCache()->NumStrings());
+  mirror::String* resolved_string = declaring_class->GetDexCacheStrings()[string_idx].Read();
   if (UNLIKELY(resolved_string == nullptr)) {
     StackHandleScope<1> hs(Thread::Current());
     Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(declaring_class->GetDexCache()));
@@ -76,9 +78,8 @@
   return resolved_string;
 }
 
-inline mirror::Class* ClassLinker::ResolveType(uint16_t type_idx,
-                                               ArtMethod* referrer) {
-  mirror::Class* resolved_type = referrer->GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx);
+inline mirror::Class* ClassLinker::ResolveType(uint16_t type_idx, ArtMethod* referrer) {
+  mirror::Class* resolved_type = referrer->GetDexCacheResolvedType(type_idx, image_pointer_size_);
   if (UNLIKELY(resolved_type == nullptr)) {
     mirror::Class* declaring_class = referrer->GetDeclaringClass();
     StackHandleScope<2> hs(Thread::Current());
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index e78914c..fc1127c 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
 #include "handle_scope-inl.h"
 #include "thread-inl.h"
 #include "utils.h"
+#include "utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h"
 #include "verifier/method_verifier.h"
 #include "well_known_classes.h"
 
@@ -420,6 +421,7 @@
   Handle<mirror::Class> java_lang_DexCache(hs.NewHandle(
       AllocClass(self, java_lang_Class.Get(), mirror::DexCache::ClassSize(image_pointer_size_))));
   SetClassRoot(kJavaLangDexCache, java_lang_DexCache.Get());
+  java_lang_DexCache->SetDexCacheClass();
   java_lang_DexCache->SetObjectSize(mirror::DexCache::InstanceSize());
   mirror::Class::SetStatus(java_lang_DexCache, mirror::Class::kStatusResolved, self);
 
@@ -1059,6 +1061,26 @@
   }
 }
 
+static void SanityCheckArtMethodPointerArray(
+    ArtMethod** arr,
+    size_t size,
+    size_t pointer_size,
+    gc::space::ImageSpace* space) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  CHECK_EQ(arr != nullptr, size != 0u);
+  if (arr != nullptr) {
+    auto offset = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(arr) - space->Begin();
+    CHECK(space->GetImageHeader().GetImageSection(
+        ImageHeader::kSectionDexCacheArrays).Contains(offset));
+  }
+  for (size_t j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
+    ArtMethod* method = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(arr, j, pointer_size);
+    // expected_class == null means we are a dex cache.
+    if (method != nullptr) {
+      SanityCheckArtMethod(method, nullptr, space);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 static void SanityCheckObjectsCallback(mirror::Object* obj, void* arg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
     SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   DCHECK(obj != nullptr);
@@ -1188,8 +1210,10 @@
     }
 
     if (kSanityCheckObjects) {
-      SanityCheckArtMethodPointerArray(dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods(), nullptr,
-                                       image_pointer_size_, space);
+      SanityCheckArtMethodPointerArray(dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods(),
+                                       dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods(),
+                                       image_pointer_size_,
+                                       space);
     }
 
     CHECK_EQ(dex_file->GetLocationChecksum(), oat_dex_file->GetDexFileLocationChecksum());
@@ -1476,28 +1500,44 @@
     self->AssertPendingOOMException();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  auto strings(hs.NewHandle(AllocStringArray(self, dex_file.NumStringIds())));
-  if (strings.Get() == nullptr) {
-    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
-    return nullptr;
+  DexCacheArraysLayout layout(image_pointer_size_, &dex_file);
+  uint8_t* raw_arrays = nullptr;
+  if (dex_file.NumStringIds() != 0u || dex_file.NumTypeIds() != 0u ||
+      dex_file.NumMethodIds() != 0u || dex_file.NumFieldIds() != 0u) {
+    // NOTE: We "leak" the raw_arrays because we never destroy the dex cache.
+    DCHECK(image_pointer_size_ == 4u || image_pointer_size_ == 8u);
+    if (sizeof(void*) == 8u && image_pointer_size_ == 4u) {
+      // When cross-compiling for a 32-bit target on a 64-bit host, we need these arrays
+      // in the low 4GiB address space so that we can store pointers in 32-bit fields.
+      // This is conveniently provided by the linear allocator.
+      raw_arrays = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(
+          Runtime::Current()->GetLinearAlloc()->Alloc(self, layout.Size()));  // Zero-initialized.
+    } else {
+      raw_arrays = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(calloc(layout.Size(), 1u));  // Zero-initialized.
+      if (raw_arrays == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+    }
   }
-  auto types(hs.NewHandle(AllocClassArray(self, dex_file.NumTypeIds())));
-  if (types.Get() == nullptr) {
-    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  auto methods(hs.NewHandle(AllocPointerArray(self, dex_file.NumMethodIds())));
-  if (methods.Get() == nullptr) {
-    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  auto fields(hs.NewHandle(AllocPointerArray(self, dex_file.NumFieldIds())));
-  if (fields.Get() == nullptr) {
-    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  dex_cache->Init(&dex_file, location.Get(), strings.Get(), types.Get(), methods.Get(),
-                  fields.Get(), image_pointer_size_);
+  GcRoot<mirror::String>* strings = (dex_file.NumStringIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<GcRoot<mirror::String>*>(raw_arrays + layout.StringsOffset());
+  GcRoot<mirror::Class>* types = (dex_file.NumTypeIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<GcRoot<mirror::Class>*>(raw_arrays + layout.TypesOffset());
+  ArtMethod** methods = (dex_file.NumMethodIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<ArtMethod**>(raw_arrays + layout.MethodsOffset());
+  ArtField** fields = (dex_file.NumFieldIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<ArtField**>(raw_arrays + layout.FieldsOffset());
+  dex_cache->Init(&dex_file,
+                  location.Get(),
+                  strings,
+                  dex_file.NumStringIds(),
+                  types,
+                  dex_file.NumTypeIds(),
+                  methods,
+                  dex_file.NumMethodIds(),
+                  fields,
+                  dex_file.NumFieldIds(),
+                  image_pointer_size_);
   return dex_cache.Get();
 }
 
@@ -2418,8 +2458,8 @@
   dst->SetDeclaringClass(klass.Get());
   dst->SetCodeItemOffset(it.GetMethodCodeItemOffset());
 
-  dst->SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(klass->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethods());
-  dst->SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(klass->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedTypes());
+  dst->SetDexCacheResolvedMethods(klass->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethods(), image_pointer_size_);
+  dst->SetDexCacheResolvedTypes(klass->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedTypes(), image_pointer_size_);
 
   uint32_t access_flags = it.GetMethodAccessFlags();
 
@@ -2895,9 +2935,9 @@
   ClassTable* const class_table = InsertClassTableForClassLoader(nullptr);
   for (int32_t i = 0; i < dex_caches->GetLength(); i++) {
     mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = dex_caches->Get(i);
-    mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class>* types = dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes();
-    for (int32_t j = 0; j < types->GetLength(); j++) {
-      mirror::Class* klass = types->Get(j);
+    GcRoot<mirror::Class>* types = dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes();
+    for (int32_t j = 0, num_types = dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); j < num_types; j++) {
+      mirror::Class* klass = types[j].Read();
       if (klass != nullptr) {
         DCHECK(klass->GetClassLoader() == nullptr);
         const char* descriptor = klass->GetDescriptor(&temp);
@@ -3418,7 +3458,8 @@
     for (jobject weak_root : dex_caches_) {
       mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = down_cast<mirror::DexCache*>(self->DecodeJObject(weak_root));
       if (dex_cache != nullptr &&
-          proxy_method->HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes())) {
+          proxy_method->HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes(),
+                                                     image_pointer_size_)) {
         ArtMethod* resolved_method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(
             proxy_method->GetDexMethodIndex(), image_pointer_size_);
         CHECK(resolved_method != nullptr);
@@ -3491,8 +3532,8 @@
 
   // The proxy method doesn't have its own dex cache or dex file and so it steals those of its
   // interface prototype. The exception to this are Constructors and the Class of the Proxy itself.
-  CHECK(prototype->HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(method));
-  CHECK(prototype->HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(method));
+  CHECK(prototype->HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(method, image_pointer_size_));
+  CHECK(prototype->HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(method, image_pointer_size_));
   auto* np = method->GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(image_pointer_size_);
   CHECK_EQ(prototype->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache(), np->GetDexCache());
   CHECK_EQ(prototype->GetDexMethodIndex(), method->GetDexMethodIndex());
@@ -3500,7 +3541,8 @@
   CHECK_STREQ(np->GetName(), prototype->GetName());
   CHECK_STREQ(np->GetShorty(), prototype->GetShorty());
   // More complex sanity - via dex cache
-  CHECK_EQ(np->GetReturnType(), prototype->GetReturnType());
+  CHECK_EQ(np->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */, image_pointer_size_),
+           prototype->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */, image_pointer_size_));
 }
 
 bool ClassLinker::CanWeInitializeClass(mirror::Class* klass, bool can_init_statics,
@@ -3838,6 +3880,7 @@
 }
 
 static bool HasSameSignatureWithDifferentClassLoaders(Thread* self,
+                                                      size_t pointer_size,
                                                       Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
                                                       Handle<mirror::Class> super_klass,
                                                       ArtMethod* method1,
@@ -3845,12 +3888,14 @@
     SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   {
     StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
-    Handle<mirror::Class> return_type(hs.NewHandle(method1->GetReturnType()));
+    Handle<mirror::Class> return_type(hs.NewHandle(method1->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */,
+                                                                          pointer_size)));
     if (UNLIKELY(return_type.Get() == nullptr)) {
       ThrowSignatureCheckResolveReturnTypeException(klass, super_klass, method1, method1);
       return false;
     }
-    mirror::Class* other_return_type = method2->GetReturnType();
+    mirror::Class* other_return_type = method2->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */,
+                                                              pointer_size);
     if (UNLIKELY(other_return_type == nullptr)) {
       ThrowSignatureCheckResolveReturnTypeException(klass, super_klass, method1, method2);
       return false;
@@ -3895,7 +3940,7 @@
     StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
     uint32_t param_type_idx = types1->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_;
     Handle<mirror::Class> param_type(hs.NewHandle(
-        method1->GetClassFromTypeIndex(param_type_idx, true)));
+        method1->GetClassFromTypeIndex(param_type_idx, true /* resolve */, pointer_size)));
     if (UNLIKELY(param_type.Get() == nullptr)) {
       ThrowSignatureCheckResolveArgException(klass, super_klass, method1,
                                              method1, i, param_type_idx);
@@ -3903,7 +3948,7 @@
     }
     uint32_t other_param_type_idx = types2->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_;
     mirror::Class* other_param_type =
-        method2->GetClassFromTypeIndex(other_param_type_idx, true);
+        method2->GetClassFromTypeIndex(other_param_type_idx, true /* resolve */, pointer_size);
     if (UNLIKELY(other_param_type == nullptr)) {
       ThrowSignatureCheckResolveArgException(klass, super_klass, method1,
                                              method2, i, other_param_type_idx);
@@ -3939,7 +3984,8 @@
       auto* m = klass->GetVTableEntry(i, image_pointer_size_);
       auto* super_m = klass->GetSuperClass()->GetVTableEntry(i, image_pointer_size_);
       if (m != super_m) {
-        if (UNLIKELY(!HasSameSignatureWithDifferentClassLoaders(self, klass, super_klass,
+        if (UNLIKELY(!HasSameSignatureWithDifferentClassLoaders(self, image_pointer_size_,
+                                                                klass, super_klass,
                                                                 m, super_m))) {
           self->AssertPendingException();
           return false;
@@ -3956,7 +4002,8 @@
             j, image_pointer_size_);
         auto* super_m = super_klass->GetVirtualMethod(j, image_pointer_size_);
         if (m != super_m) {
-          if (UNLIKELY(!HasSameSignatureWithDifferentClassLoaders(self, klass, super_klass,
+          if (UNLIKELY(!HasSameSignatureWithDifferentClassLoaders(self, image_pointer_size_,
+                                                                  klass, super_klass,
                                                                   m, super_m))) {
             self->AssertPendingException();
             return false;
@@ -5091,8 +5138,8 @@
     // Check that there are no stale methods are in the dex cache array.
     if (kIsDebugBuild) {
       auto* resolved_methods = klass->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethods();
-      for (size_t i = 0, count = resolved_methods->GetLength(); i < count; ++i) {
-        auto* m = resolved_methods->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(i, image_pointer_size_);
+      for (size_t i = 0, count = klass->GetDexCache()->NumResolvedMethods(); i < count; ++i) {
+        auto* m = mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(resolved_methods, i, image_pointer_size_);
         CHECK(move_table.find(m) == move_table.end()) << PrettyMethod(m);
       }
     }
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker_test.cc b/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
index c3191fa..b4ea3b3 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
@@ -165,12 +165,14 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(method->GetName() != nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(method->GetSignature() != Signature::NoSignature());
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasDexCacheResolvedMethods());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasDexCacheResolvedTypes());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasDexCacheResolvedMethods(sizeof(void*)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasDexCacheResolvedTypes(sizeof(void*)));
     EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(
-        method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethods()));
+        method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethods(),
+        sizeof(void*)));
     EXPECT_TRUE(method->HasSameDexCacheResolvedTypes(
-        method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedTypes()));
+        method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedTypes(),
+        sizeof(void*)));
   }
 
   void AssertField(mirror::Class* klass, ArtField* field)
@@ -357,8 +359,9 @@
     // Verify the dex cache has resolution methods in all resolved method slots
     mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker_->FindDexCache(Thread::Current(), dex);
     auto* resolved_methods = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(resolved_methods->GetLength()); i++) {
-      EXPECT_TRUE(resolved_methods->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(i, sizeof(void*)) != nullptr)
+    for (size_t i = 0, num_methods = dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods(); i != num_methods; ++i) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(resolved_methods, i, sizeof(void*)) != nullptr)
           << dex.GetLocation() << " i=" << i;
     }
   }
@@ -565,6 +568,10 @@
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, dex_), "dex");
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, dex_file_), "dexFile");
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, location_), "location");
+    addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, num_resolved_fields_), "numResolvedFields");
+    addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, num_resolved_methods_), "numResolvedMethods");
+    addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, num_resolved_types_), "numResolvedTypes");
+    addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, num_strings_), "numStrings");
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, resolved_fields_), "resolvedFields");
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, resolved_methods_), "resolvedMethods");
     addOffset(OFFSETOF_MEMBER(mirror::DexCache, resolved_types_), "resolvedTypes");
diff --git a/runtime/debugger.cc b/runtime/debugger.cc
index 8d34f5a..8afb968 100644
--- a/runtime/debugger.cc
+++ b/runtime/debugger.cc
@@ -3821,7 +3821,9 @@
         if (shorty[i + 1] == 'L') {
           // Did we really get an argument of an appropriate reference type?
           mirror::Class* parameter_type =
-              m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(types->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_, true);
+              m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(types->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_,
+                                       true /* resolve */,
+                                       sizeof(void*));
           mirror::Object* argument = gRegistry->Get<mirror::Object*>(arg_values[i], &error);
           if (error != JDWP::ERR_NONE) {
             return JDWP::ERR_INVALID_OBJECT;
diff --git a/runtime/dex_file.cc b/runtime/dex_file.cc
index 213f25d..85274cd 100644
--- a/runtime/dex_file.cc
+++ b/runtime/dex_file.cc
@@ -1227,7 +1227,9 @@
   AnnotationValue annotation_value;
   StackHandleScope<2> hs(Thread::Current());
   Handle<mirror::Class> h_klass(hs.NewHandle(klass));
-  Handle<mirror::Class> return_type(hs.NewHandle(method->GetReturnType()));
+  size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+  Handle<mirror::Class> return_type(hs.NewHandle(
+      method->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */, pointer_size)));
   if (!ProcessAnnotationValue(h_klass, &annotation, &annotation_value, return_type, kAllObjects)) {
     return nullptr;
   }
@@ -1343,7 +1345,9 @@
   if (annotation_method == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
-  Handle<mirror::Class> method_return(hs.NewHandle(annotation_method->GetReturnType()));
+  size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+  Handle<mirror::Class> method_return(hs.NewHandle(
+      annotation_method->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */, pointer_size)));
 
   AnnotationValue annotation_value;
   if (!ProcessAnnotationValue(klass, annotation, &annotation_value, method_return, kAllObjects)) {
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils-inl.h b/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils-inl.h
index 66e88ba..cc3eefe 100644
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils-inl.h
@@ -120,9 +120,11 @@
 inline mirror::Class* CheckObjectAlloc(uint32_t type_idx,
                                        ArtMethod* method,
                                        Thread* self, bool* slow_path) {
-  mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx);
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  size_t pointer_size = class_linker->GetImagePointerSize();
+  mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx, pointer_size);
   if (UNLIKELY(klass == nullptr)) {
-    klass = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(type_idx, method);
+    klass = class_linker->ResolveType(type_idx, method);
     *slow_path = true;
     if (klass == nullptr) {
       DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
@@ -258,9 +260,11 @@
     *slow_path = true;
     return nullptr;  // Failure
   }
-  mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx);
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  size_t pointer_size = class_linker->GetImagePointerSize();
+  mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx, pointer_size);
   if (UNLIKELY(klass == nullptr)) {  // Not in dex cache so try to resolve
-    klass = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(type_idx, method);
+    klass = class_linker->ResolveType(type_idx, method);
     *slow_path = true;
     if (klass == nullptr) {  // Error
       DCHECK(Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.cc
index eaf33f6..94aced2 100644
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.cc
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.cc
@@ -43,9 +43,11 @@
     ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(component_count);
     return nullptr;  // Failure
   }
-  mirror::Class* klass = referrer->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx);
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  size_t pointer_size = class_linker->GetImagePointerSize();
+  mirror::Class* klass = referrer->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx, pointer_size);
   if (UNLIKELY(klass == nullptr)) {  // Not in dex cache so try to resolve
-    klass = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(type_idx, referrer);
+    klass = class_linker->ResolveType(type_idx, referrer);
     if (klass == nullptr) {  // Error
       DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
       return nullptr;  // Failure
@@ -214,7 +216,8 @@
     return;
   }
   // Make sure that the result is an instance of the type this method was expected to return.
-  mirror::Class* return_type = self->GetCurrentMethod(nullptr)->GetReturnType();
+  mirror::Class* return_type = self->GetCurrentMethod(nullptr)->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */,
+                                                                              sizeof(void*));
 
   if (!o->InstanceOf(return_type)) {
     Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM()->JniAbortF(nullptr,
@@ -277,7 +280,9 @@
       StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
       auto h_interface_method(hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Method*>(interface_method_jobj)));
       // This can cause thread suspension.
-      mirror::Class* result_type = h_interface_method->GetArtMethod()->GetReturnType();
+      size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+      mirror::Class* result_type =
+          h_interface_method->GetArtMethod()->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */, pointer_size);
       mirror::Object* result_ref = soa.Decode<mirror::Object*>(result);
       JValue result_unboxed;
       if (!UnboxPrimitiveForResult(result_ref, result_type, &result_unboxed)) {
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_alloc_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_alloc_entrypoints.cc
index 9311791..28c62a8 100644
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_alloc_entrypoints.cc
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_alloc_entrypoints.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) { \
   ScopedQuickEntrypointChecks sqec(self); \
   if (kUseTlabFastPath && !instrumented_bool && allocator_type == gc::kAllocatorTypeTLAB) { \
-    mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx); \
+    mirror::Class* klass = method->GetDexCacheResolvedType<false>(type_idx, sizeof(void*)); \
     if (LIKELY(klass != nullptr && klass->IsInitialized() && !klass->IsFinalizable())) { \
       size_t byte_count = klass->GetObjectSize(); \
       byte_count = RoundUp(byte_count, gc::space::BumpPointerSpace::kAlignment); \
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_trampoline_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_trampoline_entrypoints.cc
index 0c7caf3..1302c5f 100644
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_trampoline_entrypoints.cc
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/quick/quick_trampoline_entrypoints.cc
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@
       // FindVirtualMethodFor... This is ok for FindDexMethodIndexInOtherDexFile that only cares
       // about the name and signature.
       uint32_t update_dex_cache_method_index = called->GetDexMethodIndex();
-      if (!called->HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(caller)) {
+      if (!called->HasSameDexCacheResolvedMethods(caller, sizeof(void*))) {
         // Calling from one dex file to another, need to compute the method index appropriate to
         // the caller's dex file. Since we get here only if the original called was a runtime
         // method, we've got the correct dex_file and a dex_method_idx from above.
diff --git a/runtime/image.cc b/runtime/image.cc
index 8df17c6..42b348a 100644
--- a/runtime/image.cc
+++ b/runtime/image.cc
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 namespace art {
 
 const uint8_t ImageHeader::kImageMagic[] = { 'a', 'r', 't', '\n' };
-const uint8_t ImageHeader::kImageVersion[] = { '0', '2', '0', '\0' };
+const uint8_t ImageHeader::kImageVersion[] = { '0', '2', '1', '\0' };
 
 ImageHeader::ImageHeader(uint32_t image_begin,
                          uint32_t image_size,
diff --git a/runtime/image.h b/runtime/image.h
index e2d59f9..20e4159 100644
--- a/runtime/image.h
+++ b/runtime/image.h
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@
     kSectionObjects,
     kSectionArtFields,
     kSectionArtMethods,
+    kSectionDexCacheArrays,
     kSectionInternedStrings,
     kSectionImageBitmap,
     kSectionCount,  // Number of elements in enum.
diff --git a/runtime/intern_table.cc b/runtime/intern_table.cc
index 2be570a..6d22fe0 100644
--- a/runtime/intern_table.cc
+++ b/runtime/intern_table.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "gc/collector/garbage_collector.h"
 #include "gc/space/image_space.h"
 #include "gc/weak_root_state.h"
-#include "mirror/dex_cache.h"
+#include "mirror/dex_cache-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/string-inl.h"
@@ -165,8 +165,7 @@
       mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::DexCache>* dex_caches = root->AsObjectArray<mirror::DexCache>();
       for (int32_t i = 0; i < dex_caches->GetLength(); ++i) {
         mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = dex_caches->Get(i);
-        const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
-        const size_t num_strings = dex_file->NumStringIds();
+        const size_t num_strings = dex_cache->NumStrings();
         for (size_t j = 0; j < num_strings; ++j) {
           mirror::String* image_string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(j);
           if (image_string != nullptr) {
diff --git a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
index f923b84..af67379 100644
--- a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
+++ b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
@@ -616,9 +616,10 @@
         case 'L': {
           Object* o = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(src_reg);
           if (do_assignability_check && o != nullptr) {
+            size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
             Class* arg_type =
                 new_shadow_frame->GetMethod()->GetClassFromTypeIndex(
-                    params->GetTypeItem(shorty_pos).type_idx_, true);
+                    params->GetTypeItem(shorty_pos).type_idx_, true /* resolve */, pointer_size);
             if (arg_type == nullptr) {
               CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
               return false;
diff --git a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.h b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.h
index 6468659..fdefb9f 100644
--- a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.h
+++ b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.h
@@ -344,7 +344,9 @@
   }
   ArtMethod* method = shadow_frame.GetMethod();
   mirror::Class* declaring_class = method->GetDeclaringClass();
-  mirror::String* s = declaring_class->GetDexCacheStrings()->Get(string_idx);
+  // MethodVerifier refuses methods with string_idx out of bounds.
+  DCHECK_LT(string_idx, declaring_class->GetDexCache()->NumStrings());
+  mirror::String* s = declaring_class->GetDexCacheStrings()[string_idx].Read();
   if (UNLIKELY(s == nullptr)) {
     StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
     Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(declaring_class->GetDexCache()));
diff --git a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_goto_table_impl.cc b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_goto_table_impl.cc
index 7027cbf..72e2ba0 100644
--- a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_goto_table_impl.cc
+++ b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_goto_table_impl.cc
@@ -327,7 +327,9 @@
     const uint8_t vreg_index = inst->VRegA_11x(inst_data);
     Object* obj_result = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(vreg_index);
     if (do_assignability_check && obj_result != nullptr) {
-      Class* return_type = shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetReturnType();
+      size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+      Class* return_type = shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */,
+                                                                   pointer_size);
       obj_result = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(vreg_index);
       if (return_type == nullptr) {
         // Return the pending exception.
diff --git a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl.cc b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl.cc
index 544f788..b5cc11e 100644
--- a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl.cc
+++ b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl.cc
@@ -225,7 +225,9 @@
         const size_t ref_idx = inst->VRegA_11x(inst_data);
         Object* obj_result = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(ref_idx);
         if (do_assignability_check && obj_result != nullptr) {
-          Class* return_type = shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetReturnType();
+          size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+          Class* return_type = shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetReturnType(true /* resolve */,
+                                                                       pointer_size);
           // Re-load since it might have moved.
           obj_result = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(ref_idx);
           if (return_type == nullptr) {
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h b/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
index b2c6e4d..10b381d 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
@@ -817,12 +817,12 @@
   }
 }
 
-inline void Class::SetDexCacheStrings(ObjectArray<String>* new_dex_cache_strings) {
-  SetFieldObject<false>(DexCacheStringsOffset(), new_dex_cache_strings);
+inline void Class::SetDexCacheStrings(GcRoot<String>* new_dex_cache_strings) {
+  SetFieldPtr<false>(DexCacheStringsOffset(), new_dex_cache_strings);
 }
 
-inline ObjectArray<String>* Class::GetDexCacheStrings() {
-  return GetFieldObject<ObjectArray<String>>(DexCacheStringsOffset());
+inline GcRoot<String>* Class::GetDexCacheStrings() {
+  return GetFieldPtr<GcRoot<String>*>(DexCacheStringsOffset());
 }
 
 template<class Visitor>
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/class.h b/runtime/mirror/class.h
index 1420e5b..9422432 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/class.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/class.h
@@ -250,6 +250,14 @@
     SetClassFlags(kClassFlagClassLoader);
   }
 
+  ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsDexCacheClass() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return (GetClassFlags() & kClassFlagDexCache) != 0;
+  }
+
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void SetDexCacheClass() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    SetClassFlags(GetClassFlags() | kClassFlagDexCache);
+  }
+
   // Returns true if the class is abstract.
   ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsAbstract() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     return (GetAccessFlags() & kAccAbstract) != 0;
@@ -1077,8 +1085,8 @@
   bool GetSlowPathEnabled() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   void SetSlowPath(bool enabled) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  ObjectArray<String>* GetDexCacheStrings() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-  void SetDexCacheStrings(ObjectArray<String>* new_dex_cache_strings)
+  GcRoot<String>* GetDexCacheStrings() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void SetDexCacheStrings(GcRoot<String>* new_dex_cache_strings)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   static MemberOffset DexCacheStringsOffset() {
     return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(Class, dex_cache_strings_);
@@ -1173,9 +1181,6 @@
   // runtime such as arrays and primitive classes).
   HeapReference<DexCache> dex_cache_;
 
-  // Short cuts to dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
-  HeapReference<ObjectArray<String>> dex_cache_strings_;
-
   // The interface table (iftable_) contains pairs of a interface class and an array of the
   // interface methods. There is one pair per interface supported by this class.  That means one
   // pair for each interface we support directly, indirectly via superclass, or indirectly via a
@@ -1209,9 +1214,8 @@
   // virtual_ methods_ for miranda methods.
   HeapReference<PointerArray> vtable_;
 
-  // Access flags; low 16 bits are defined by VM spec.
-  // Note: Shuffled back.
-  uint32_t access_flags_;
+  // Short cuts to dex_cache_ member for fast compiled code access.
+  uint64_t dex_cache_strings_;
 
   // static, private, and <init> methods. Pointer to an ArtMethod length-prefixed array.
   uint64_t direct_methods_;
@@ -1234,6 +1238,9 @@
   // length-prefixed array.
   uint64_t virtual_methods_;
 
+  // Access flags; low 16 bits are defined by VM spec.
+  uint32_t access_flags_;
+
   // Class flags to help speed up visiting object references.
   uint32_t class_flags_;
 
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/class_flags.h b/runtime/mirror/class_flags.h
index eb2e2eb..139c4cb 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/class_flags.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/class_flags.h
@@ -41,17 +41,20 @@
 // Class is ClassLoader or one of its subclasses.
 static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagClassLoader        = 0x00000020;
 
+// Class is DexCache.
+static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagDexCache           = 0x00000040;
+
 // Class is a soft/weak/phantom class.
-static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagSoftReference      = 0x00000040;
+static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagSoftReference      = 0x00000080;
 
 // Class is a weak reference class.
-static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagWeakReference      = 0x00000080;
+static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagWeakReference      = 0x00000100;
 
 // Class is a finalizer reference class.
-static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagFinalizerReference = 0x00000100;
+static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagFinalizerReference = 0x00000200;
 
 // Class is the phantom reference class.
-static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagPhantomReference   = 0x00000200;
+static constexpr uint32_t kClassFlagPhantomReference   = 0x00000400;
 
 // Combination of flags to figure out if the class is either the weak/soft/phantom/finalizer
 // reference class.
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache-inl.h b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache-inl.h
index 4b5063a..f8ccfb1 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache-inl.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "art_field-inl.h"
 #include "art_method-inl.h"
+#include "base/casts.h"
 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "mirror/class.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
@@ -33,29 +34,53 @@
   return Class::ComputeClassSize(true, vtable_entries, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pointer_size);
 }
 
-inline void DexCache::SetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx, Class* resolved) {
-  // TODO default transaction support.
-  DCHECK(resolved == nullptr || !resolved->IsErroneous());
-  GetResolvedTypes()->Set(type_idx, resolved);
+inline String* DexCache::GetResolvedString(uint32_t string_idx) {
+  DCHECK_LT(string_idx, NumStrings());
+  return GetStrings()[string_idx].Read();
 }
 
-inline ArtField* DexCache::GetResolvedField(uint32_t idx, size_t ptr_size) {
+inline void DexCache::SetResolvedString(uint32_t string_idx, String* resolved) {
+  DCHECK_LT(string_idx, NumStrings());
+  // TODO default transaction support.
+  GetStrings()[string_idx] = GcRoot<String>(resolved);
+  // TODO: Fine-grained marking, so that we don't need to go through all arrays in full.
+  Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->WriteBarrierEveryFieldOf(this);
+}
+
+inline Class* DexCache::GetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx) {
+  DCHECK_LT(type_idx, NumResolvedTypes());
+  return GetResolvedTypes()[type_idx].Read();
+}
+
+inline void DexCache::SetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx, Class* resolved) {
+  DCHECK_LT(type_idx, NumResolvedTypes());  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB.
+  // TODO default transaction support.
+  DCHECK(resolved == nullptr || !resolved->IsErroneous());
+  GetResolvedTypes()[type_idx] = GcRoot<Class>(resolved);
+  // TODO: Fine-grained marking, so that we don't need to go through all arrays in full.
+  Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->WriteBarrierEveryFieldOf(this);
+}
+
+inline ArtField* DexCache::GetResolvedField(uint32_t field_idx, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK_EQ(Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize(), ptr_size);
-  auto* field = GetResolvedFields()->GetElementPtrSize<ArtField*>(idx, ptr_size);
+  DCHECK_LT(field_idx, NumResolvedFields());  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB.
+  ArtField* field = GetElementPtrSize(GetResolvedFields(), field_idx, ptr_size);
   if (field == nullptr || field->GetDeclaringClass()->IsErroneous()) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   return field;
 }
 
-inline void DexCache::SetResolvedField(uint32_t idx, ArtField* field, size_t ptr_size) {
+inline void DexCache::SetResolvedField(uint32_t field_idx, ArtField* field, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK_EQ(Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize(), ptr_size);
-  GetResolvedFields()->SetElementPtrSize(idx, field, ptr_size);
+  DCHECK_LT(field_idx, NumResolvedFields());  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB.
+  SetElementPtrSize(GetResolvedFields(), field_idx, field, ptr_size);
 }
 
 inline ArtMethod* DexCache::GetResolvedMethod(uint32_t method_idx, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK_EQ(Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize(), ptr_size);
-  auto* method = GetResolvedMethods()->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(method_idx, ptr_size);
+  DCHECK_LT(method_idx, NumResolvedMethods());  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB.
+  ArtMethod* method = GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(GetResolvedMethods(), method_idx, ptr_size);
   // Hide resolution trampoline methods from the caller
   if (method != nullptr && method->IsRuntimeMethod()) {
     DCHECK_EQ(method, Runtime::Current()->GetResolutionMethod());
@@ -64,9 +89,52 @@
   return method;
 }
 
-inline void DexCache::SetResolvedMethod(uint32_t idx, ArtMethod* method, size_t ptr_size) {
+inline void DexCache::SetResolvedMethod(uint32_t method_idx, ArtMethod* method, size_t ptr_size) {
   DCHECK_EQ(Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize(), ptr_size);
-  GetResolvedMethods()->SetElementPtrSize(idx, method, ptr_size);
+  DCHECK_LT(method_idx, NumResolvedMethods());  // NOTE: Unchecked, i.e. not throwing AIOOB.
+  SetElementPtrSize(GetResolvedMethods(), method_idx, method, ptr_size);
+}
+
+template <typename PtrType>
+inline PtrType DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(PtrType* ptr_array, size_t idx, size_t ptr_size) {
+  if (ptr_size == 8u) {
+    uint64_t element = reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(ptr_array)[idx];
+    return reinterpret_cast<PtrType>(dchecked_integral_cast<uintptr_t>(element));
+  } else {
+    DCHECK_EQ(ptr_size, 4u);
+    uint32_t element = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(ptr_array)[idx];
+    return reinterpret_cast<PtrType>(dchecked_integral_cast<uintptr_t>(element));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename PtrType>
+inline void DexCache::SetElementPtrSize(PtrType* ptr_array,
+                                        size_t idx,
+                                        PtrType ptr,
+                                        size_t ptr_size) {
+  if (ptr_size == 8u) {
+    reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(ptr_array)[idx] =
+        dchecked_integral_cast<uint64_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr));
+  } else {
+    DCHECK_EQ(ptr_size, 4u);
+    reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(ptr_array)[idx] =
+        dchecked_integral_cast<uint32_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr));
+  }
+}
+
+template <VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags, typename Visitor>
+inline void DexCache::VisitReferences(mirror::Class* klass, const Visitor& visitor) {
+  // Visit instance fields first.
+  VisitInstanceFieldsReferences(klass, visitor);
+  // Visit arrays after.
+  GcRoot<mirror::String>* strings = GetStrings();
+  for (size_t i = 0, num_strings = NumStrings(); i != num_strings; ++i) {
+    visitor.VisitRootIfNonNull(strings[i].AddressWithoutBarrier());
+  }
+  GcRoot<mirror::Class>* resolved_types = GetResolvedTypes();
+  for (size_t i = 0, num_types = NumResolvedTypes(); i != num_types; ++i) {
+    visitor.VisitRootIfNonNull(resolved_types[i].AddressWithoutBarrier());
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace mirror
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
index 630faee..349a319 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "dex_cache.h"
+#include "dex_cache-inl.h"
 
 #include "art_method-inl.h"
 #include "base/logging.h"
@@ -31,22 +31,34 @@
 namespace art {
 namespace mirror {
 
-void DexCache::Init(const DexFile* dex_file, String* location, ObjectArray<String>* strings,
-                    ObjectArray<Class>* resolved_types, PointerArray* resolved_methods,
-                    PointerArray* resolved_fields, size_t pointer_size) {
+void DexCache::Init(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                    String* location,
+                    GcRoot<String>* strings,
+                    uint32_t num_strings,
+                    GcRoot<Class>* resolved_types,
+                    uint32_t num_resolved_types,
+                    ArtMethod** resolved_methods,
+                    uint32_t num_resolved_methods,
+                    ArtField** resolved_fields,
+                    uint32_t num_resolved_fields,
+                    size_t pointer_size) {
   CHECK(dex_file != nullptr);
   CHECK(location != nullptr);
-  CHECK(strings != nullptr);
-  CHECK(resolved_types != nullptr);
-  CHECK(resolved_methods != nullptr);
-  CHECK(resolved_fields != nullptr);
+  CHECK_EQ(num_strings != 0u, strings != nullptr);
+  CHECK_EQ(num_resolved_types != 0u, resolved_types != nullptr);
+  CHECK_EQ(num_resolved_methods != 0u, resolved_methods != nullptr);
+  CHECK_EQ(num_resolved_fields != 0u, resolved_fields != nullptr);
 
   SetDexFile(dex_file);
   SetFieldObject<false>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, location_), location);
-  SetFieldObject<false>(StringsOffset(), strings);
-  SetFieldObject<false>(ResolvedFieldsOffset(), resolved_fields);
-  SetFieldObject<false>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, resolved_types_), resolved_types);
-  SetFieldObject<false>(ResolvedMethodsOffset(), resolved_methods);
+  SetField64<false>(StringsOffset(), reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(strings));
+  SetField64<false>(ResolvedTypesOffset(), reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(resolved_types));
+  SetField64<false>(ResolvedMethodsOffset(), reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(resolved_methods));
+  SetField64<false>(ResolvedFieldsOffset(), reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(resolved_fields));
+  SetField32<false>(NumStringsOffset(), num_strings);
+  SetField32<false>(NumResolvedTypesOffset(), num_resolved_types);
+  SetField32<false>(NumResolvedMethodsOffset(), num_resolved_methods);
+  SetField32<false>(NumResolvedFieldsOffset(), num_resolved_fields);
 
   Runtime* const runtime = Runtime::Current();
   if (runtime->HasResolutionMethod()) {
@@ -60,9 +72,9 @@
   CHECK(trampoline != nullptr);
   CHECK(trampoline->IsRuntimeMethod());
   auto* resolved_methods = GetResolvedMethods();
-  for (size_t i = 0, length = resolved_methods->GetLength(); i < length; i++) {
-    if (resolved_methods->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(i, pointer_size) == nullptr) {
-      resolved_methods->SetElementPtrSize(i, trampoline, pointer_size);
+  for (size_t i = 0, length = NumResolvedMethods(); i < length; i++) {
+    if (GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(resolved_methods, i, pointer_size) == nullptr) {
+      SetElementPtrSize(resolved_methods, i, trampoline, pointer_size);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
index ba49a15..3144553 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
@@ -46,8 +46,16 @@
     return sizeof(DexCache);
   }
 
-  void Init(const DexFile* dex_file, String* location, ObjectArray<String>* strings,
-            ObjectArray<Class>* types, PointerArray* methods, PointerArray* fields,
+  void Init(const DexFile* dex_file,
+            String* location,
+            GcRoot<String>* strings,
+            uint32_t num_strings,
+            GcRoot<Class>* resolved_types,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_types,
+            ArtMethod** resolved_methods,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_methods,
+            ArtField** resolved_fields,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_fields,
             size_t pointer_size) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   void Fixup(ArtMethod* trampoline, size_t pointer_size)
@@ -65,6 +73,10 @@
     return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, strings_);
   }
 
+  static MemberOffset ResolvedTypesOffset() {
+    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, resolved_types_);
+  }
+
   static MemberOffset ResolvedFieldsOffset() {
     return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, resolved_fields_);
   }
@@ -73,40 +85,32 @@
     return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, resolved_methods_);
   }
 
-  size_t NumStrings() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetStrings()->GetLength();
+  static MemberOffset NumStringsOffset() {
+    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, num_strings_);
   }
 
-  size_t NumResolvedTypes() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetResolvedTypes()->GetLength();
+  static MemberOffset NumResolvedTypesOffset() {
+    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, num_resolved_types_);
   }
 
-  size_t NumResolvedMethods() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetResolvedMethods()->GetLength();
+  static MemberOffset NumResolvedFieldsOffset() {
+    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, num_resolved_fields_);
   }
 
-  size_t NumResolvedFields() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetResolvedFields()->GetLength();
+  static MemberOffset NumResolvedMethodsOffset() {
+    return OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, num_resolved_methods_);
   }
 
-  String* GetResolvedString(uint32_t string_idx) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetStrings()->Get(string_idx);
-  }
+  String* GetResolvedString(uint32_t string_idx) ALWAYS_INLINE
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   void SetResolvedString(uint32_t string_idx, String* resolved) ALWAYS_INLINE
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    // TODO default transaction support.
-    GetStrings()->Set(string_idx, resolved);
-  }
-
-  Class* GetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx) ALWAYS_INLINE
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetResolvedTypes()->Get(type_idx);
-  }
-
-  void SetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx, Class* resolved)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  Class* GetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  void SetResolvedType(uint32_t type_idx, Class* resolved) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
   ALWAYS_INLINE ArtMethod* GetResolvedMethod(uint32_t method_idx, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
@@ -121,21 +125,36 @@
   ALWAYS_INLINE void SetResolvedField(uint32_t idx, ArtField* field, size_t ptr_size)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  ObjectArray<String>* GetStrings() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetFieldObject<ObjectArray<String>>(StringsOffset());
+  GcRoot<String>* GetStrings() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetFieldPtr<GcRoot<String>*>(StringsOffset());
   }
 
-  ObjectArray<Class>* GetResolvedTypes() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetFieldObject<ObjectArray<Class>>(
-        OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, resolved_types_));
+  GcRoot<Class>* GetResolvedTypes() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetFieldPtr<GcRoot<Class>*>(ResolvedTypesOffset());
   }
 
-  PointerArray* GetResolvedMethods() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetFieldObject<PointerArray>(ResolvedMethodsOffset());
+  ArtMethod** GetResolvedMethods() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetFieldPtr<ArtMethod**>(ResolvedMethodsOffset());
   }
 
-  PointerArray* GetResolvedFields() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetFieldObject<PointerArray>(ResolvedFieldsOffset());
+  ArtField** GetResolvedFields() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetFieldPtr<ArtField**>(ResolvedFieldsOffset());
+  }
+
+  size_t NumStrings() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetField32(NumStringsOffset());
+  }
+
+  size_t NumResolvedTypes() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetField32(NumResolvedTypesOffset());
+  }
+
+  size_t NumResolvedMethods() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetField32(NumResolvedMethodsOffset());
+  }
+
+  size_t NumResolvedFields() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetField32(NumResolvedFieldsOffset());
   }
 
   const DexFile* GetDexFile() ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
@@ -147,17 +166,36 @@
     return SetFieldPtr<false>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(DexCache, dex_file_), dex_file);
   }
 
+  // NOTE: Get/SetElementPtrSize() are intended for working with ArtMethod** and ArtField**
+  // provided by GetResolvedMethods/Fields() and ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedMethods(),
+  // so they need to be public.
+
+  template <typename PtrType>
+  static PtrType GetElementPtrSize(PtrType* ptr_array, size_t idx, size_t ptr_size);
+
+  template <typename PtrType>
+  static void SetElementPtrSize(PtrType* ptr_array, size_t idx, PtrType ptr, size_t ptr_size);
+
  private:
+  // Visit instance fields of the dex cache as well as its associated arrays.
+  template <VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags, typename Visitor>
+  void VisitReferences(mirror::Class* klass, const Visitor& visitor)
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
+
   HeapReference<Object> dex_;
   HeapReference<String> location_;
-  // Either an int array or long array based on runtime ISA since these arrays hold pointers.
-  HeapReference<PointerArray> resolved_fields_;
-  HeapReference<PointerArray> resolved_methods_;
-  HeapReference<ObjectArray<Class>> resolved_types_;
-  HeapReference<ObjectArray<String>> strings_;
-  uint64_t dex_file_;
+  uint64_t dex_file_;           // const DexFile*
+  uint64_t resolved_fields_;    // ArtField*, array with num_resolved_fields_ elements.
+  uint64_t resolved_methods_;   // ArtMethod*, array with num_resolved_methods_ elements.
+  uint64_t resolved_types_;     // GcRoot<Class>*, array with num_resolved_types_ elements.
+  uint64_t strings_;            // GcRoot<String>*, array with num_strings_ elements.
+  uint32_t num_resolved_fields_;    // Number of elements in the resolved_fields_ array.
+  uint32_t num_resolved_methods_;   // Number of elements in the resolved_methods_ array.
+  uint32_t num_resolved_types_;     // Number of elements in the resolved_types_ array.
+  uint32_t num_strings_;            // Number of elements in the strings_ array.
 
   friend struct art::DexCacheOffsets;  // for verifying offset information
+  friend class Object;  // For VisitReferences
   DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(DexCache);
 };
 
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache_test.cc b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache_test.cc
index 228fce5..8fb860f 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache_test.cc
@@ -43,19 +43,6 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumTypeIds(),   dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes());
   EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumMethodIds(), dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods());
   EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumFieldIds(),  dex_cache->NumResolvedFields());
-
-  EXPECT_LE(0, dex_cache->GetStrings()->GetLength());
-  EXPECT_LE(0, dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes()->GetLength());
-  EXPECT_LE(0, dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods()->GetLength());
-  EXPECT_LE(0u, dex_cache->NumResolvedFields());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumStringIds(),
-            static_cast<uint32_t>(dex_cache->GetStrings()->GetLength()));
-  EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumTypeIds(),
-            static_cast<uint32_t>(dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes()->GetLength()));
-  EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumMethodIds(),
-            static_cast<uint32_t>(dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods()->GetLength()));
-  EXPECT_EQ(java_lang_dex_file_->NumFieldIds(), dex_cache->NumResolvedFields());
 }
 
 }  // namespace mirror
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/object-inl.h b/runtime/mirror/object-inl.h
index e35ddcc..90180c5 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/object-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/object-inl.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "class_flags.h"
 #include "class_linker.h"
 #include "class_loader-inl.h"
+#include "dex_cache-inl.h"
 #include "lock_word-inl.h"
 #include "monitor.h"
 #include "object_array-inl.h"
@@ -1006,6 +1007,17 @@
   return down_cast<mirror::ClassLoader*>(this);
 }
 
+template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags>
+inline bool Object::IsDexCache() {
+  return GetClass<kVerifyFlags>()->IsDexCacheClass();
+}
+
+template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags>
+inline mirror::DexCache* Object::AsDexCache() {
+  DCHECK(IsDexCache<kVerifyFlags>());
+  return down_cast<mirror::DexCache*>(this);
+}
+
 template <VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags, typename Visitor, typename JavaLangRefVisitor>
 inline void Object::VisitReferences(const Visitor& visitor,
                                     const JavaLangRefVisitor& ref_visitor) {
@@ -1031,6 +1043,9 @@
       } else if ((class_flags & kClassFlagReference) != 0) {
         VisitInstanceFieldsReferences(klass, visitor);
         ref_visitor(klass, AsReference());
+      } else if (class_flags == kClassFlagDexCache) {
+        mirror::DexCache* const dex_cache = AsDexCache<kVerifyFlags>();
+        dex_cache->VisitReferences<kVerifyFlags>(klass, visitor);
       } else {
         mirror::ClassLoader* const class_loader = AsClassLoader<kVerifyFlags>();
         class_loader->VisitReferences<kVerifyFlags>(klass, visitor);
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/object.h b/runtime/mirror/object.h
index 3cec29c..50490bb 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/object.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/object.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 class Array;
 class Class;
 class ClassLoader;
+class DexCache;
 class FinalizerReference;
 template<class T> class ObjectArray;
 template<class T> class PrimitiveArray;
@@ -162,6 +163,11 @@
   template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags = kDefaultVerifyFlags>
   ClassLoader* AsClassLoader() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags = kDefaultVerifyFlags>
+  bool IsDexCache() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags = kDefaultVerifyFlags>
+  DexCache* AsDexCache() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
   template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags = kDefaultVerifyFlags,
            ReadBarrierOption kReadBarrierOption = kWithReadBarrier>
   bool IsArrayInstance() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
diff --git a/runtime/native/java_lang_DexCache.cc b/runtime/native/java_lang_DexCache.cc
index a2d9797..994ccb1 100644
--- a/runtime/native/java_lang_DexCache.cc
+++ b/runtime/native/java_lang_DexCache.cc
@@ -52,12 +52,14 @@
 static jobject DexCache_getResolvedType(JNIEnv* env, jobject javaDexCache, jint type_index) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::DexCache*>(javaDexCache);
+  CHECK_LT(static_cast<size_t>(type_index), dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes());
   return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_index));
 }
 
 static jobject DexCache_getResolvedString(JNIEnv* env, jobject javaDexCache, jint string_index) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::DexCache*>(javaDexCache);
+  CHECK_LT(static_cast<size_t>(string_index), dex_cache->NumStrings());
   return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(dex_cache->GetResolvedString(string_index));
 }
 
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@
                                      jobject type) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::DexCache*>(javaDexCache);
+  CHECK_LT(static_cast<size_t>(type_index), dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes());
   dex_cache->SetResolvedType(type_index, soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(type));
 }
 
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@
                                        jobject string) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::DexCache*>(javaDexCache);
+  CHECK_LT(static_cast<size_t>(string_index), dex_cache->NumStrings());
   dex_cache->SetResolvedString(string_index, soa.Decode<mirror::String*>(string));
 }
 
diff --git a/runtime/reflection.cc b/runtime/reflection.cc
index 2fe1e64..019917c 100644
--- a/runtime/reflection.cc
+++ b/runtime/reflection.cc
@@ -223,8 +223,11 @@
     for (size_t i = 1, args_offset = 0; i < shorty_len_; ++i, ++args_offset) {
       mirror::Object* arg = args->Get(args_offset);
       if (((shorty_[i] == 'L') && (arg != nullptr)) || ((arg == nullptr && shorty_[i] != 'L'))) {
+        size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
         mirror::Class* dst_class =
-            m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(classes->GetTypeItem(args_offset).type_idx_, true);
+            m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(classes->GetTypeItem(args_offset).type_idx_,
+                                     true /* resolve */,
+                                     pointer_size);
         if (UNLIKELY(arg == nullptr || !arg->InstanceOf(dst_class))) {
           ThrowIllegalArgumentException(
               StringPrintf("method %s argument %zd has type %s, got %s",
@@ -356,9 +359,12 @@
   }
   // TODO: If args contain object references, it may cause problems.
   Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
+  size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_params; i++) {
     uint16_t type_idx = params->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_;
-    mirror::Class* param_type = m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(type_idx, true);
+    mirror::Class* param_type = m->GetClassFromTypeIndex(type_idx,
+                                                         true /* resolve*/,
+                                                         pointer_size);
     if (param_type == nullptr) {
       CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
       LOG(ERROR) << "Internal error: unresolvable type for argument type in JNI invoke: "
diff --git a/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h b/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f662d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_INL_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_INL_H_
+
+#include "dex_cache_arrays_layout.h"
+
+#include "base/bit_utils.h"
+#include "base/logging.h"
+#include "gc_root.h"
+#include "globals.h"
+#include "primitive.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+inline DexCacheArraysLayout::DexCacheArraysLayout(size_t pointer_size, const DexFile* dex_file)
+    : pointer_size_(pointer_size),
+      /* types_offset_ is always 0u, so it's constexpr */
+      methods_offset_(types_offset_ +
+                      RoundUp(TypesSize(dex_file->NumTypeIds()), MethodsAlignment())),
+      strings_offset_(methods_offset_ +
+                      RoundUp(MethodsSize(dex_file->NumMethodIds()), StringsAlignment())),
+      fields_offset_(strings_offset_ +
+                     RoundUp(StringsSize(dex_file->NumStringIds()), FieldsAlignment())),
+      size_(fields_offset_ +
+            RoundUp(FieldsSize(dex_file->NumFieldIds()), Alignment())) {
+  DCHECK(ValidPointerSize(pointer_size)) << pointer_size;
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::Alignment() const {
+  // GcRoot<> alignment is 4, i.e. lower than or equal to the pointer alignment.
+  static_assert(alignof(GcRoot<mirror::Class>) == 4, "Expecting alignof(GcRoot<>) == 4");
+  static_assert(alignof(GcRoot<mirror::String>) == 4, "Expecting alignof(GcRoot<>) == 4");
+  DCHECK(pointer_size_ == 4u || pointer_size_ == 8u);
+  // Pointer alignment is the same as pointer size.
+  return pointer_size_;
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::TypeOffset(uint32_t type_idx) const {
+  return types_offset_ + ElementOffset(sizeof(GcRoot<mirror::Class>), type_idx);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::TypesSize(size_t num_elements) const {
+  return ArraySize(sizeof(GcRoot<mirror::Class>), num_elements);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::TypesAlignment() const {
+  return alignof(GcRoot<mirror::Class>);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::MethodOffset(uint32_t method_idx) const {
+  return methods_offset_ + ElementOffset(pointer_size_, method_idx);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::MethodsSize(size_t num_elements) const {
+  return ArraySize(pointer_size_, num_elements);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::MethodsAlignment() const {
+  return pointer_size_;
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::StringOffset(uint32_t string_idx) const {
+  return strings_offset_ + ElementOffset(sizeof(GcRoot<mirror::String>), string_idx);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::StringsSize(size_t num_elements) const {
+  return ArraySize(sizeof(GcRoot<mirror::String>), num_elements);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::StringsAlignment() const {
+  return alignof(GcRoot<mirror::String>);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::FieldOffset(uint32_t field_idx) const {
+  return fields_offset_ + ElementOffset(pointer_size_, field_idx);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::FieldsSize(size_t num_elements) const {
+  return ArraySize(pointer_size_, num_elements);
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::FieldsAlignment() const {
+  return pointer_size_;
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::ElementOffset(size_t element_size, uint32_t idx) {
+  return element_size * idx;
+}
+
+inline size_t DexCacheArraysLayout::ArraySize(size_t element_size, uint32_t num_elements) {
+  return element_size * num_elements;
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_INL_H_
diff --git a/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout.h b/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d50be5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_H_
+
+namespace art {
+
+/**
+ * @class DexCacheArraysLayout
+ * @details This class provides the layout information for the type, method, field and
+ * string arrays for a DexCache with a fixed arrays' layout (such as in the boot image),
+ */
+class DexCacheArraysLayout {
+ public:
+  // Construct an invalid layout.
+  DexCacheArraysLayout()
+      : /* types_offset_ is always 0u */
+        pointer_size_(0u),
+        methods_offset_(0u),
+        strings_offset_(0u),
+        fields_offset_(0u),
+        size_(0u) {
+  }
+
+  // Construct a layout for a particular dex file.
+  DexCacheArraysLayout(size_t pointer_size, const DexFile* dex_file);
+
+  bool Valid() const {
+    return Size() != 0u;
+  }
+
+  size_t Size() const {
+    return size_;
+  }
+
+  size_t Alignment() const;
+
+  size_t TypesOffset() const {
+    return types_offset_;
+  }
+
+  size_t TypeOffset(uint32_t type_idx) const;
+
+  size_t TypesSize(size_t num_elements) const;
+
+  size_t TypesAlignment() const;
+
+  size_t MethodsOffset() const {
+    return methods_offset_;
+  }
+
+  size_t MethodOffset(uint32_t method_idx) const;
+
+  size_t MethodsSize(size_t num_elements) const;
+
+  size_t MethodsAlignment() const;
+
+  size_t StringsOffset() const {
+    return strings_offset_;
+  }
+
+  size_t StringOffset(uint32_t string_idx) const;
+
+  size_t StringsSize(size_t num_elements) const;
+
+  size_t StringsAlignment() const;
+
+  size_t FieldsOffset() const {
+    return fields_offset_;
+  }
+
+  size_t FieldOffset(uint32_t field_idx) const;
+
+  size_t FieldsSize(size_t num_elements) const;
+
+  size_t FieldsAlignment() const;
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr size_t types_offset_ = 0u;
+  const size_t pointer_size_;  // Must be first for construction initialization order.
+  const size_t methods_offset_;
+  const size_t strings_offset_;
+  const size_t fields_offset_;
+  const size_t size_;
+
+  static size_t Alignment(size_t pointer_size);
+
+  static size_t ElementOffset(size_t element_size, uint32_t idx);
+
+  static size_t ArraySize(size_t element_size, uint32_t num_elements);
+};
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_DEX_CACHE_ARRAYS_LAYOUT_H_
diff --git a/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc b/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
index 4f921bd..35cc4e3 100644
--- a/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
+++ b/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
@@ -2541,8 +2541,9 @@
       ArtMethod* called_method = VerifyInvocationArgs(inst, METHOD_VIRTUAL, is_range, is_super);
       const RegType* return_type = nullptr;
       if (called_method != nullptr) {
-        StackHandleScope<1> hs(self_);
-        mirror::Class* return_type_class = called_method->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_);
+        size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+        mirror::Class* return_type_class = called_method->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_,
+                                                                        pointer_size);
         if (return_type_class != nullptr) {
           return_type = &FromClass(called_method->GetReturnTypeDescriptor(),
                                    return_type_class,
@@ -2583,8 +2584,9 @@
       } else {
         is_constructor = called_method->IsConstructor();
         return_type_descriptor = called_method->GetReturnTypeDescriptor();
-        StackHandleScope<1> hs(self_);
-        mirror::Class* return_type_class = called_method->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_);
+        size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+        mirror::Class* return_type_class = called_method->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_,
+                                                                        pointer_size);
         if (return_type_class != nullptr) {
           return_type = &FromClass(return_type_descriptor,
                                    return_type_class,
@@ -4494,7 +4496,9 @@
 const RegType& MethodVerifier::GetMethodReturnType() {
   if (return_type_ == nullptr) {
     if (mirror_method_ != nullptr) {
-      mirror::Class* return_type_class = mirror_method_->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_);
+      size_t pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+      mirror::Class* return_type_class = mirror_method_->GetReturnType(can_load_classes_,
+                                                                       pointer_size);
       if (return_type_class != nullptr) {
         return_type_ = &FromClass(mirror_method_->GetReturnTypeDescriptor(),
                                   return_type_class,