Added pass to verify structure of dex file.

When a dex file is first opened, this pass runs through to make sure
sizes and offsets of the various sections of the dex file match the
header and don't overlap.

Change-Id: I4900c9665d6572ccfca2fe5f79d5d48ce7252036
diff --git a/src/class_linker.cc b/src/class_linker.cc
index 02d9acb..5cd300e 100644
--- a/src/class_linker.cc
+++ b/src/class_linker.cc
@@ -581,6 +581,16 @@
     // change process groups, so we don't get reaped by ProcessManager
     setpgid(0, 0);
 
+    VLOG(class_linker) << dex2oat
+                       << " --runtime-arg -Xms64m"
+                       << " --runtime-arg -Xmx64m"
+                       << " --runtime-arg -classpath"
+                       << " --runtime-arg " << class_path
+                       << " " << boot_image_option
+                       << " " << dex_file_option
+                       << " " << oat_fd_option
+                       << " " << oat_name_option;
+
     execl(dex2oat, dex2oat,
           "--runtime-arg", "-Xms64m",
           "--runtime-arg", "-Xmx64m",
diff --git a/src/dex2oat.cc b/src/dex2oat.cc
index 096c694..195c413 100644
--- a/src/dex2oat.cc
+++ b/src/dex2oat.cc
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
     Compiler compiler(instruction_set_, image, image_classes);
     compiler.CompileAll(class_loader->get(), dex_files);
 
-    if (!OatWriter::Create(oat_file, class_loader->get(), compiler)) {
+    if (!OatWriter::Create(oat_file, class_loader->get(), dex_files, compiler)) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file " << oat_file->name();
       return false;
     }
diff --git a/src/dex_file.cc b/src/dex_file.cc
index 5127a17..3f141b1 100644
--- a/src/dex_file.cc
+++ b/src/dex_file.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 #include "UniquePtr.h"
 #include "class_linker.h"
+#include "dex_file_verifier.h"
 #include "globals.h"
 #include "leb128.h"
 #include "logging.h"
@@ -225,6 +226,9 @@
     return false;
   }
   InitIndex();
+  if (!DexFileVerifier::Verify(this, base_, length_)) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -241,7 +245,7 @@
   DCHECK_EQ(length_, header_->file_size_);
 }
 
-bool DexFile::CheckMagicAndVersion() {
+bool DexFile::CheckMagicAndVersion() const {
   CHECK(header_->magic_ != NULL) << GetLocation();
   if (!IsMagicValid(header_->magic_)) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "Unrecognized magic number in "  << GetLocation() << ":"
diff --git a/src/dex_file.h b/src/dex_file.h
index a62c28f..2f2106b 100644
--- a/src/dex_file.h
+++ b/src/dex_file.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
   static const byte kDexMagic[];
   static const byte kDexMagicVersion[];
   static const size_t kSha1DigestSize = 20;
+  static const uint32_t kDexEndianConstant = 0x12345678;
 
   // name of the DexFile entry within a zip archive
   static const char* kClassesDex;
@@ -65,6 +66,44 @@
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Header);
   };
 
+  // Map item type codes.
+  enum {
+    kDexTypeHeaderItem               = 0x0000,
+    kDexTypeStringIdItem             = 0x0001,
+    kDexTypeTypeIdItem               = 0x0002,
+    kDexTypeProtoIdItem              = 0x0003,
+    kDexTypeFieldIdItem              = 0x0004,
+    kDexTypeMethodIdItem             = 0x0005,
+    kDexTypeClassDefItem             = 0x0006,
+    kDexTypeMapList                  = 0x1000,
+    kDexTypeTypeList                 = 0x1001,
+    kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList     = 0x1002,
+    kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem        = 0x1003,
+    kDexTypeClassDataItem            = 0x2000,
+    kDexTypeCodeItem                 = 0x2001,
+    kDexTypeStringDataItem           = 0x2002,
+    kDexTypeDebugInfoItem            = 0x2003,
+    kDexTypeAnnotationItem           = 0x2004,
+    kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem         = 0x2005,
+    kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem = 0x2006,
+  };
+
+  struct MapItem {
+    uint16_t type_;
+    uint16_t unused_;
+    uint32_t size_;
+    uint32_t offset_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MapItem);
+  };
+
+  struct MapList {
+    uint32_t size_;
+    MapItem list_[1];
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MapList);
+  };
+
   // Raw string_id_item.
   struct StringId {
     uint32_t string_data_off_;  // offset in bytes from the base address
@@ -170,6 +209,90 @@
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TryItem);
   };
 
+  // Annotation constants.
+  enum {
+    kDexVisibilityBuild         = 0x00,     /* annotation visibility */
+    kDexVisibilityRuntime       = 0x01,
+    kDexVisibilitySystem        = 0x02,
+
+    kDexAnnotationByte          = 0x00,
+    kDexAnnotationShort         = 0x02,
+    kDexAnnotationChar          = 0x03,
+    kDexAnnotationInt           = 0x04,
+    kDexAnnotationLong          = 0x06,
+    kDexAnnotationFloat         = 0x10,
+    kDexAnnotationDouble        = 0x11,
+    kDexAnnotationString        = 0x17,
+    kDexAnnotationType          = 0x18,
+    kDexAnnotationField         = 0x19,
+    kDexAnnotationMethod        = 0x1a,
+    kDexAnnotationEnum          = 0x1b,
+    kDexAnnotationArray         = 0x1c,
+    kDexAnnotationAnnotation    = 0x1d,
+    kDexAnnotationNull          = 0x1e,
+    kDexAnnotationBoolean       = 0x1f,
+
+    kDexAnnotationValueTypeMask = 0x1f,     /* low 5 bits */
+    kDexAnnotationValueArgShift = 5,
+  };
+
+  struct AnnotationsDirectoryItem {
+    uint32_t class_annotations_off_;
+    uint32_t fields_size_;
+    uint32_t methods_size_;
+    uint32_t parameters_size_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AnnotationsDirectoryItem);
+  };
+
+  struct FieldAnnotationsItem {
+    uint32_t field_idx_;
+    uint32_t annotations_off_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FieldAnnotationsItem);
+  };
+
+  struct MethodAnnotationsItem {
+    uint32_t method_idx_;
+    uint32_t annotations_off_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MethodAnnotationsItem);
+  };
+
+  struct ParameterAnnotationsItem {
+    uint32_t method_idx_;
+    uint32_t annotations_off_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ParameterAnnotationsItem);
+  };
+
+  struct AnnotationSetRefItem {
+    uint32_t annotations_off_;
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AnnotationSetRefItem);
+  };
+
+  struct AnnotationSetRefList {
+    uint32_t size_;
+    AnnotationSetRefItem list_[1];
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AnnotationSetRefList);
+  };
+
+  struct AnnotationSetItem {
+    uint32_t size_;
+    uint32_t entries_[1];
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AnnotationSetItem);
+  };
+
+  struct AnnotationItem {
+    uint8_t visibility_;
+    uint8_t annotation_[1];
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AnnotationItem);
+  };
+
   typedef std::pair<const DexFile*, const DexFile::ClassDef*> ClassPathEntry;
   typedef std::vector<const DexFile*> ClassPath;
 
@@ -678,13 +801,12 @@
   void InitIndex();
 
   // Returns true if the header magic and version numbers are of the expected values.
-  bool CheckMagicAndVersion();
+  bool CheckMagicAndVersion() const;
 
   void DecodeDebugInfo0(const CodeItem* code_item, bool is_static, uint32_t method_idx,
       DexDebugNewPositionCb posCb, DexDebugNewLocalCb local_cb,
       void* cnxt, const byte* stream, LocalInfo* local_in_reg) const;
 
-
   // The index of descriptors to class definition indexes (as opposed to type id indexes)
   typedef std::map<const StringPiece, uint32_t> Index;
   Index index_;
@@ -844,6 +966,10 @@
   uint32_t GetMethodCodeItemOffset() const {
     return method_.code_off_;
   }
+  const byte* EndDataPointer() const {
+    CHECK(!HasNext());
+    return ptr_pos_;
+  }
  private:
   // A dex file's class_data_item is leb128 encoded, this structure holds a decoded form of the
   // header for a class_data_item
diff --git a/src/dex_file_verifier.cc b/src/dex_file_verifier.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a53ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dex_file_verifier.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1919 @@
+// Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+#include "dex_file_verifier.h"
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include "UniquePtr.h"
+#include "leb128.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "stringprintf.h"
+#include "zip_archive.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+static uint32_t MapTypeToBitMask(uint32_t map_type) {
+  switch (map_type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeHeaderItem:               return 1 << 0;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem:             return 1 << 1;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem:               return 1 << 2;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem:              return 1 << 3;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem:              return 1 << 4;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem:             return 1 << 5;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem:             return 1 << 6;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeMapList:                  return 1 << 7;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList:                 return 1 << 8;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList:     return 1 << 9;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem:        return 1 << 10;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem:            return 1 << 11;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeCodeItem:                 return 1 << 12;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem:           return 1 << 13;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeDebugInfoItem:            return 1 << 14;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem:           return 1 << 15;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem:         return 1 << 16;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem: return 1 << 17;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static bool IsDataSectionType(uint32_t map_type) {
+  switch (map_type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeHeaderItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool CheckShortyDescriptorMatch(char shorty_char, const char* descriptor,
+    bool is_return_type) {
+  switch (shorty_char) {
+    case 'V':
+      if (!is_return_type) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid use of void";
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Intentional fallthrough.
+    case 'B':
+    case 'C':
+    case 'D':
+    case 'F':
+    case 'I':
+    case 'J':
+    case 'S':
+    case 'Z':
+      if ((descriptor[0] != shorty_char) || (descriptor[1] != '\0')) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Shorty vs. primitive type mismatch: '%c', '%s'", shorty_char, descriptor);
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'L':
+      if ((descriptor[0] != 'L') && (descriptor[0] != '[')) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Shorty vs. type mismatch: '%c', '%s'", shorty_char, descriptor);
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Bad shorty character: '" << shorty_char << "'";
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::Verify(DexFile* dex_file, const byte* base, size_t length) {
+  UniquePtr<DexFileVerifier> verifier(new DexFileVerifier(dex_file, base, length));
+  return verifier->Verify();
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckPointerRange(const void* start, const void* end, const char* label) const {
+  uint32_t range_start = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(start);
+  uint32_t range_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(end);
+  uint32_t file_start = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+  uint32_t file_end = file_start + length_;
+  if ((range_start < file_start) || (range_start > file_end) ||
+      (range_end < file_start) || (range_end > file_end)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad range for %s: %x to %x", label,
+        range_start - file_start, range_end - file_start);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckListSize(const void* start, uint32_t count,
+    uint32_t element_size, const char* label) const {
+  const byte* list_start = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(start);
+  return CheckPointerRange(list_start, list_start + (count * element_size), label);
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIndex(uint32_t field, uint32_t limit, const char* label) const {
+  if (field >= limit) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad index for %s: %x >= %x", label, field, limit);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckHeader() const {
+  // Check file length from the header.
+  uint32_t expected_length = header_->file_size_;
+  if (length_ != expected_length) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Bad file length (" << length_ << ", expected " << expected_length << ")";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Compute and verify the checksum in the header.
+  uint32_t adler_checksum = adler32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+  const uint32_t non_sum = sizeof(header_->magic_) + sizeof(header_->checksum_);
+  const byte* non_sum_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(header_) + non_sum;
+  adler_checksum = adler32(adler_checksum, non_sum_ptr, expected_length - non_sum);
+  if (adler_checksum != header_->checksum_) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad checksum (%08x, expected %08x)", adler_checksum, header_->checksum_);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check the contents of the header.
+  if (header_->endian_tag_ != DexFile::kDexEndianConstant) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unexpected endian_tag: %x", header_->endian_tag_);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (header_->header_size_ != sizeof(DexFile::Header)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Bad header length: " << header_->header_size_;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckMap() const {
+  const DexFile::MapList* map = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MapList*>(base_ + header_->map_off_);
+  const DexFile::MapItem* item = map->list_;
+
+  uint32_t count = map->size_;
+  uint32_t last_offset = 0;
+  uint32_t data_item_count = 0;
+  uint32_t data_items_left = header_->data_size_;
+  uint32_t used_bits = 0;
+
+  // Sanity check the size of the map list.
+  if (!CheckListSize(item, count, sizeof(DexFile::MapItem), "map size")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check the items listed in the map.
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    if (last_offset >= item->offset_ && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out of order map item: %x then %x", last_offset, item->offset_);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (item->offset_ >= header_->file_size_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Map item after end of file: %x, size %x", item->offset_, header_->file_size_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (IsDataSectionType(item->type_)) {
+      uint32_t icount = item->size_;
+      if (icount > data_items_left) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Too many items in data section: " << data_item_count + icount;
+        return false;
+      }
+      data_items_left -= icount;
+      data_item_count += icount;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t bit = MapTypeToBitMask(item->type_);
+
+    if (bit == 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unknown map section type %x", item->type_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((used_bits & bit) != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Duplicate map section of type %x", item->type_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    used_bits |= bit;
+    last_offset = item->offset_;
+    item++;
+  }
+
+  // Check for missing sections in the map.
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeHeaderItem)) == 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing header entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeMapList)) == 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing map_list entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->string_ids_off_ != 0) || (header_->string_ids_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing string_ids entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->type_ids_off_ != 0) || (header_->type_ids_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing type_ids entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->proto_ids_off_ != 0) || (header_->proto_ids_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing proto_ids entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->field_ids_off_ != 0) || (header_->field_ids_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing field_ids entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->method_ids_off_ != 0) || (header_->method_ids_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing method_ids entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((used_bits & MapTypeToBitMask(DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem)) == 0 &&
+      ((header_->class_defs_off_ != 0) || (header_->class_defs_size_ != 0))) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Map is missing class_defs entry";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t DexFileVerifier::ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(uint32_t size) {
+  uint32_t result = 0;
+  if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + size, "encoded_value")) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    result |= ((uint32_t) *(ptr_++)) << (i * 8);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckAndGetHandlerOffsets(const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
+    uint32_t* handler_offsets, uint32_t handlers_size) {
+  const byte* handlers_base = DexFile::GetCatchHandlerData(*code_item, 0);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < handlers_size; i++) {
+    bool catch_all;
+    uint32_t offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(handlers_base);
+    int32_t size = DecodeSignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+
+    if ((size < -65536) || (size > 65536)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid exception handler size: " << size;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (size <= 0) {
+      catch_all = true;
+      size = -size;
+    } else {
+      catch_all = false;
+    }
+
+    handler_offsets[i] = offset;
+
+    while (size-- > 0) {
+      uint32_t type_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+      if (!CheckIndex(type_idx, header_->type_ids_size_, "handler type_idx")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      uint32_t addr = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+      if (addr >= code_item->insns_size_in_code_units_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid handler addr: %x", addr);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (catch_all) {
+      uint32_t addr = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+      if (addr >= code_item->insns_size_in_code_units_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid handler catch_all_addr: %x", addr);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckClassDataItemField(uint32_t idx, uint32_t access_flags,
+    bool expect_static) const {
+  if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->field_ids_size_, "class_data_item field_idx")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool is_static = (access_flags & kAccStatic) != 0;
+  if (is_static != expect_static) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Static/instance field not in expected list";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t access_field_mask = kAccPublic | kAccPrivate | kAccProtected | kAccStatic |
+      kAccFinal | kAccVolatile | kAccTransient | kAccSynthetic | kAccEnum;
+  if ((access_flags & ~access_field_mask) != 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad class_data_item field access_flags %x", access_flags);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckClassDataItemMethod(uint32_t idx, uint32_t access_flags,
+    uint32_t code_offset, bool expect_direct) const {
+  if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->method_ids_size_, "class_data_item method_idx")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool is_direct = (access_flags & (kAccStatic | kAccPrivate | kAccConstructor)) != 0;
+  bool expect_code = (access_flags & (kAccNative | kAccAbstract)) == 0;
+  bool is_synchronized = (access_flags & kAccSynchronized) != 0;
+  bool allow_synchronized = (access_flags & kAccNative) != 0;
+
+  if (is_direct != expect_direct) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Direct/virtual method not in expected list";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t access_method_mask = kAccPublic | kAccPrivate | kAccProtected | kAccStatic |
+      kAccFinal | kAccSynchronized | kAccBridge | kAccVarargs | kAccNative | kAccAbstract |
+      kAccStrict | kAccSynthetic | kAccConstructor | kAccDeclaredSynchronized;
+  if (((access_flags & ~access_method_mask) != 0) || (is_synchronized && !allow_synchronized)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad class_data_item method access_flags %x", access_flags);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (expect_code && code_offset == 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unexpected zero value for class_data_item method code_off with access flags %x", access_flags);
+    return false;
+  } else if (!expect_code && code_offset != 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unexpected non-zero value %x for class_data_item method code_off with access flags %x", code_offset, access_flags);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckPadding(uint32_t offset, uint32_t aligned_offset) {
+  if (offset < aligned_offset) {
+    if (!CheckPointerRange(base_ + offset, base_ + aligned_offset, "section")) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    while (offset < aligned_offset) {
+      if (*ptr_ != '\0') {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Non-zero padding %x before section start at %x", *ptr_, offset);
+        return false;
+      }
+      ptr_++;
+      offset++;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckEncodedValue() {
+  if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + 1, "encoded_value header")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t header_byte = *(ptr_++);
+  uint32_t value_type = header_byte & DexFile::kDexAnnotationValueTypeMask;
+  uint32_t value_arg = header_byte >> DexFile::kDexAnnotationValueArgShift;
+
+  switch (value_type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationByte:
+      if (value_arg != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value byte size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      ptr_++;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationShort:
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationChar:
+      if (value_arg > 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value char/short size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      ptr_ += value_arg + 1;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationInt:
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationFloat:
+      if (value_arg > 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value int/float size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      ptr_ += value_arg + 1;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationLong:
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationDouble:
+      ptr_ += value_arg + 1;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationString: {
+      if (value_arg > 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value string size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      uint32_t idx = ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(value_arg + 1);
+      if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "encoded_value string")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationType: {
+      if (value_arg > 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value type size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      uint32_t idx = ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(value_arg + 1);
+      if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->type_ids_size_, "encoded_value type")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationField:
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationEnum: {
+      if (value_arg > 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value field/enum size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      uint32_t idx = ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(value_arg + 1);
+      if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->field_ids_size_, "encoded_value field")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationMethod: {
+      if (value_arg > 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value method size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      uint32_t idx = ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(value_arg + 1);
+      if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->method_ids_size_, "encoded_value method")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationArray:
+      if (value_arg != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value array value_arg %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!CheckEncodedArray()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationAnnotation:
+      if (value_arg != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value annotation value_arg %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!CheckEncodedAnnotation()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationNull:
+      if (value_arg != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value null value_arg %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexAnnotationBoolean:
+      if (value_arg > 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad encoded_value boolean size %x", value_arg);
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bogus encoded_value value_type %x", value_type);
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckEncodedArray() {
+  uint32_t size = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+
+  while (size--) {
+    if (!CheckEncodedValue()) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Bad encoded_array value";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckEncodedAnnotation() {
+  uint32_t idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+  if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->type_ids_size_, "encoded_annotation type_idx")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t size = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+  uint32_t last_idx = 0;
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+    if (!CheckIndex(idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "annotation_element name_idx")) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (last_idx >= idx && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order annotation_element name_idx: %x then %x", last_idx, idx);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!CheckEncodedValue()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    last_idx = idx;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraClassDataItem() {
+  ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file_, ptr_);
+
+  for (; it.HasNextStaticField(); it.Next()) {
+    if (!CheckClassDataItemField(it.GetMemberIndex(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(), true)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (; it.HasNextInstanceField(); it.Next()) {
+    if (!CheckClassDataItemField(it.GetMemberIndex(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(), false)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (; it.HasNextDirectMethod(); it.Next()) {
+    if (!CheckClassDataItemMethod(it.GetMemberIndex(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(),
+        it.GetMethodCodeItemOffset(), true)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (; it.HasNextVirtualMethod(); it.Next()) {
+    if (!CheckClassDataItemMethod(it.GetMemberIndex(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(),
+        it.GetMethodCodeItemOffset(), false)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ = it.EndDataPointer();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraCodeItem() {
+  const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::CodeItem*>(ptr_);
+  if (!CheckPointerRange(code_item, code_item + 1, "code")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (code_item->ins_size_ > code_item->registers_size_) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "ins_size (" << code_item->ins_size_ << ") > registers_size ("
+               << code_item->registers_size_ << ")";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if ((code_item->outs_size_ > 5) && (code_item->outs_size_ > code_item->registers_size_)) {
+    /*
+     * outs_size can be up to 5, even if registers_size is smaller, since the
+     * short forms of method invocation allow repetitions of a register multiple
+     * times within a single parameter list. However, longer parameter lists
+     * need to be represented in-order in the register file.
+     */
+    LOG(ERROR) << "outs_size (" << code_item->outs_size_ << ") > registers_size ("
+               << code_item->registers_size_ << ")";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const uint16_t* insns = code_item->insns_;
+  uint32_t insns_size = code_item->insns_size_in_code_units_;
+  if (!CheckListSize(insns, insns_size, sizeof(uint16_t), "insns size")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Grab the end of the insns if there are no try_items.
+  uint32_t try_items_size = code_item->tries_size_;
+  if (try_items_size == 0) {
+    ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&insns[insns_size]);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // try_items are 4-byte aligned. Verify the spacer is 0.
+  if ((((uint32_t) &insns[insns_size] & 3) != 0) && (insns[insns_size] != 0)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Non-zero padding: %x", insns[insns_size]);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const DexFile::TryItem* try_items = DexFile::GetTryItems(*code_item, 0);
+  ptr_ = DexFile::GetCatchHandlerData(*code_item, 0);
+  uint32_t handlers_size = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+
+  if (!CheckListSize(try_items, try_items_size, sizeof(DexFile::TryItem), "try_items size")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if ((handlers_size == 0) || (handlers_size >= 65536)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid handlers_size: " << handlers_size;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t handler_offsets[handlers_size];
+  if (!CheckAndGetHandlerOffsets(code_item, handler_offsets, handlers_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t last_addr = 0;
+  while (try_items_size--) {
+    if (try_items->start_addr_ < last_addr) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of_order try_item with start_addr: %x", try_items->start_addr_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (try_items->start_addr_ >= insns_size) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid try_item start_addr: %x", try_items->start_addr_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < handlers_size; i++) {
+      if (try_items->handler_off_ == handler_offsets[i]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (i == handlers_size) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bogus handler offset: %x", try_items->handler_off_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    last_addr = try_items->start_addr_ + try_items->insn_count_;
+    if (last_addr > insns_size) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid try_item insn_count: %x", try_items->insn_count_);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    try_items++;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraStringDataItem() {
+  uint32_t size = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+  const byte* file_end = base_ + length_;
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    if (ptr_ >= file_end) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "String data would go beyond end-of-file";
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t byte = *(ptr_++);
+
+    // Switch on the high 4 bits.
+    switch (byte >> 4) {
+      case 0x00:
+        // Special case of bit pattern 0xxx.
+        if (byte == 0) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("String data shorter than indicated utf16_size %x", size);
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 0x01:
+      case 0x02:
+      case 0x03:
+      case 0x04:
+      case 0x05:
+      case 0x06:
+      case 0x07:
+        // No extra checks necessary for bit pattern 0xxx.
+        break;
+      case 0x08:
+      case 0x09:
+      case 0x0a:
+      case 0x0b:
+      case 0x0f:
+        // Illegal bit patterns 10xx or 1111.
+        // Note: 1111 is valid for normal UTF-8, but not here.
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal start byte %x in string data", byte);
+        return false;
+      case 0x0c:
+      case 0x0d: {
+        // Bit pattern 110x has an additional byte.
+        uint8_t byte2 = *(ptr_++);
+        if ((byte2 & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal continuation byte %x in string data", byte2);
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint16_t value = ((byte & 0x1f) << 6) | (byte2 & 0x3f);
+        if ((value != 0) && (value < 0x80)) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal representation for value %x in string data", value);
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 0x0e: {
+        // Bit pattern 1110 has 2 additional bytes.
+        uint8_t byte2 = *(ptr_++);
+        if ((byte2 & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal continuation byte %x in string data", byte2);
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint8_t byte3 = *(ptr_++);
+        if ((byte3 & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal continuation byte %x in string data", byte3);
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint16_t value = ((byte & 0x0f) << 12) | ((byte2 & 0x3f) << 6) | (byte3 & 0x3f);
+        if (value < 0x800) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Illegal representation for value %x in string data", value);
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (*(ptr_++) != '\0') {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("String longer than indicated size %x", size);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraDebugInfoItem() {
+  DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+  uint32_t parameters_size = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+  if (parameters_size > 65536) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid parameters_size: %x", parameters_size);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < parameters_size; j++) {
+    uint32_t parameter_name = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+    if (parameter_name != 0) {
+      parameter_name--;
+      if (!CheckIndex(parameter_name, header_->string_ids_size_, "debug_info_item parameter_name")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    uint8_t opcode = *(ptr_++);
+    switch (opcode) {
+      case DexFile::DBG_END_SEQUENCE: {
+        return true;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_ADVANCE_PC: {
+        DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_ADVANCE_LINE: {
+        DecodeSignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_START_LOCAL: {
+        uint32_t reg_num = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (reg_num >= 65536) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad reg_num for opcode %x", opcode);
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint32_t name_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (name_idx != 0) {
+          name_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(name_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_START_LOCAL name_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        uint32_t type_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (type_idx != 0) {
+          type_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(type_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_START_LOCAL type_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_END_LOCAL:
+      case DexFile::DBG_RESTART_LOCAL: {
+        uint32_t reg_num = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (reg_num >= 65536) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad reg_num for opcode %x", opcode);
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_START_LOCAL_EXTENDED: {
+        uint32_t reg_num = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (reg_num >= 65536) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad reg_num for opcode %x", opcode);
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint32_t name_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (name_idx != 0) {
+          name_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(name_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_START_LOCAL_EXTENDED name_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        uint32_t type_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (type_idx != 0) {
+          type_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(type_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_START_LOCAL_EXTENDED type_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        uint32_t sig_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (sig_idx != 0) {
+          sig_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(sig_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_START_LOCAL_EXTENDED sig_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::DBG_SET_FILE: {
+        uint32_t name_idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&ptr_);
+        if (name_idx != 0) {
+          name_idx--;
+          if (!CheckIndex(name_idx, header_->string_ids_size_, "DBG_SET_FILE name_idx")) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraAnnotationItem() {
+  if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + 1, "annotation visibility")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check visibility
+  switch (*(ptr_++)) {
+    case DexFile::kDexVisibilityBuild:
+    case DexFile::kDexVisibilityRuntime:
+    case DexFile::kDexVisibilitySystem:
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad annotation visibility: %x", *ptr_);
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!CheckEncodedAnnotation()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraAnnotationsDirectoryItem() {
+  const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem* item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem*>(ptr_);
+  if (!CheckPointerRange(item, item + 1, "annotations_directory")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Field annotations follow immediately after the annotations directory.
+  const DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem* field_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem*>(item + 1);
+  uint32_t field_count = item->fields_size_;
+  if (!CheckListSize(field_item, field_count, sizeof(DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem), "field_annotations list")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t last_idx = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < field_count; i++) {
+    if (last_idx >= field_item->field_idx_ && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order field_idx for annotation: %x then %x", last_idx, field_item->field_idx_);
+      return false;
+    }
+    last_idx = field_item->field_idx_;
+    field_item++;
+  }
+
+  // Method annotations follow immediately after field annotations.
+  const DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem* method_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem*>(field_item);
+  uint32_t method_count = item->methods_size_;
+  if (!CheckListSize(method_item, method_count, sizeof(DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem), "method_annotations list")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  last_idx = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < method_count; i++) {
+    if (last_idx >= method_item->method_idx_ && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order method_idx for annotation: %x then %x", last_idx, method_item->method_idx_);
+      return false;
+    }
+    last_idx = method_item->method_idx_;
+    method_item++;
+  }
+
+  // Parameter annotations follow immediately after method annotations.
+  const DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem* parameter_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem*>(method_item);
+  uint32_t parameter_count = item->parameters_size_;
+  if (!CheckListSize(parameter_item, parameter_count, sizeof(DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem), "parameter_annotations list")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  last_idx = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < parameter_count; i++) {
+    if (last_idx >= parameter_item->method_idx_ && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order method_idx for annotation: %x then %x", last_idx, parameter_item->method_idx_);
+      return false;
+    }
+    last_idx = parameter_item->method_idx_;
+    parameter_item++;
+  }
+
+  // Return a pointer to the end of the annotations.
+  ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(parameter_item);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraSectionIterate(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type) {
+  // Get the right alignment mask for the type of section.
+  uint32_t alignment_mask;
+  switch (type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeDebugInfoItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem:
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem:
+      alignment_mask = sizeof(uint8_t) - 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      alignment_mask = sizeof(uint32_t) - 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Iterate through the items in the section.
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    uint32_t aligned_offset = (offset + alignment_mask) & ~alignment_mask;
+
+    // Check the padding between items.
+    if (!CheckPadding(offset, aligned_offset)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check depending on the section type.
+    switch (type) {
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::StringId), "string_ids")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::StringId);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::TypeId), "type_ids")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::TypeId);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::ProtoId), "proto_ids")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::ProtoId);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::FieldId), "field_ids")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::FieldId);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::MethodId), "method_ids")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::MethodId);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem: {
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(ptr_, ptr_ + sizeof(DexFile::ClassDef), "class_defs")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::ClassDef);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList: {
+        const DexFile::TypeList* list = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::TypeList*>(ptr_);
+        const DexFile::TypeItem* item = &list->GetTypeItem(0);
+        uint32_t count = list->Size();
+
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(list, list + 1, "type_list") ||
+            !CheckListSize(item, count, sizeof(DexFile::TypeItem), "type_list size")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(item + count);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList: {
+        const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefList* list =
+            reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefList*>(ptr_);
+        const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefItem* item = list->list_;
+        uint32_t count = list->size_;
+
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(list, list + 1, "annotation_set_ref_list") ||
+            !CheckListSize(item, count, sizeof(DexFile::AnnotationSetRefItem), "annotation_set_ref_list size")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(item + count);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem: {
+        const DexFile::AnnotationSetItem* set =
+            reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationSetItem*>(ptr_);
+        const uint32_t* item = set->entries_;
+        uint32_t count = set->size_;
+
+        if (!CheckPointerRange(set, set + 1, "annotation_set_item") ||
+            !CheckListSize(item, count, sizeof(uint32_t), "annotation_set_item size")) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(item + count);
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraClassDataItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeCodeItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraCodeItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraStringDataItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeDebugInfoItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraDebugInfoItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraAnnotationItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem: {
+        if (!CheckEncodedArray()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem: {
+        if (!CheckIntraAnnotationsDirectoryItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unknown map item type %x", type);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (IsDataSectionType(type)) {
+      offset_to_type_map_.insert(std::make_pair(aligned_offset, type));
+    }
+
+    aligned_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+    if (aligned_offset > length_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Item %d at ends out of bounds", i);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    offset = aligned_offset;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraIdSection(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type) {
+  uint32_t expected_offset;
+  uint32_t expected_size;
+
+  // Get the expected offset and size from the header.
+  switch (type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->string_ids_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->string_ids_size_;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->type_ids_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->type_ids_size_;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->proto_ids_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->proto_ids_size_;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->field_ids_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->field_ids_size_;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->method_ids_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->method_ids_size_;
+      break;
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem:
+      expected_offset = header_->class_defs_off_;
+      expected_size = header_->class_defs_size_;
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad type for id section: %x", type);
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check that the offset and size are what were expected from the header.
+  if (offset != expected_offset) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad offset for section: got %x, expected %x", offset, expected_offset);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (count != expected_size) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad size for section: got %x, expected %x", count, expected_size);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return CheckIntraSectionIterate(offset, count, type);
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraDataSection(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type) {
+  uint32_t data_start = header_->data_off_;
+  uint32_t data_end = data_start + header_->data_size_;
+
+  // Sanity check the offset of the section.
+  if ((offset < data_start) || (offset > data_end)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Bad offset for data subsection: %x", offset);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!CheckIntraSectionIterate(offset, count, type)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t next_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+  if (next_offset > data_end) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-bounds end of data subsection: %x", next_offset);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckIntraSection() {
+  const DexFile::MapList* map = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MapList*>(base_ + header_->map_off_);
+  const DexFile::MapItem* item = map->list_;
+
+  uint32_t count = map->size_;
+  uint32_t offset = 0;
+  ptr_ = base_;
+
+  // Check the items listed in the map.
+  while (count--) {
+    uint32_t section_offset = item->offset_;
+    uint32_t section_count = item->size_;
+    uint16_t type = item->type_;
+
+    // Check for padding and overlap between items.
+    if (!CheckPadding(offset, section_offset)) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (offset > section_offset) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Section overlap or out-of-order map: %x, %x", offset, section_offset);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check each item based on its type.
+    switch (type) {
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeHeaderItem:
+        if (section_count != 1) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Multiple header items";
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (section_offset != 0) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Header at %x, not at start of file", section_offset);
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ = base_ + header_->header_size_;
+        offset = header_->header_size_;
+        break;
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem:
+        if (!CheckIntraIdSection(section_offset, section_count, type)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+        break;
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMapList:
+        if (section_count != 1) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Multiple map list items";
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (section_offset != header_->map_off_) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Map not at header-defined offset: %x, expected %x", section_offset, header_->map_off_);
+          return false;
+        }
+        ptr_ += sizeof(uint32_t) + (map->size_ * sizeof(DexFile::MapItem));
+        offset = section_offset + sizeof(uint32_t) + (map->size_ * sizeof(DexFile::MapItem));
+        break;
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeCodeItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeDebugInfoItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem:
+        if (!CheckIntraDataSection(section_offset, section_count, type)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+        break;
+      default:
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unknown map item type %x", type);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    item++;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckOffsetToTypeMap(uint32_t offset, uint16_t type) {
+  typedef std::map<uint32_t, uint16_t>::iterator It; // TODO: C++0x auto
+  It it = offset_to_type_map_.find(offset);
+  if (it == offset_to_type_map_.end()) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("No data map entry found @ %x; expected %x", offset, type);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (it->second != type) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unexpected data map entry @ %x; expected %x, found %x", offset, type, it->second);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+uint16_t DexFileVerifier::FindFirstClassDataDefiner(const byte* ptr) const {
+  ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file_, ptr);
+
+  if (it.HasNextStaticField() || it.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId& field = dex_file_->GetFieldId(it.GetMemberIndex());
+    return field.class_idx_;
+  }
+
+  if (it.HasNextDirectMethod() || it.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId& method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(it.GetMemberIndex());
+    return method.class_idx_;
+  }
+
+  return DexFile::kDexNoIndex16;
+}
+
+uint16_t DexFileVerifier::FindFirstAnnotationsDirectoryDefiner(const byte* ptr) const {
+  const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem* item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem*>(ptr);
+  if (item->fields_size_ != 0) {
+    DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem* field_items = (DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem*) (item + 1);
+    const DexFile::FieldId& field = dex_file_->GetFieldId(field_items[0].field_idx_);
+    return field.class_idx_;
+  }
+
+  if (item->methods_size_ != 0) {
+    DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem* method_items = (DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem*) (item + 1);
+    const DexFile::MethodId& method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(method_items[0].method_idx_);
+    return method.class_idx_;
+  }
+
+  if (item->parameters_size_ != 0) {
+    DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem* parameter_items = (DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem*) (item + 1);
+    const DexFile::MethodId& method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(parameter_items[0].method_idx_);
+    return method.class_idx_;
+  }
+
+  return DexFile::kDexNoIndex16;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterStringIdItem() {
+  const DexFile::StringId* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::StringId*>(ptr_);
+
+  // Check the map to make sure it has the right offset->type.
+  if (!CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->string_data_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check ordering between items.
+  if (previous_item_ != NULL) {
+    const DexFile::StringId* prev_item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::StringId*>(previous_item_);
+    const char* prev_str = dex_file_->GetStringData(*prev_item);
+    const char* str = dex_file_->GetStringData(*item);
+    if (CompareModifiedUtf8ToModifiedUtf8AsUtf16CodePointValues(prev_str, str) >= 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order string_ids: '%s' then '%s'", prev_str, str);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::StringId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterTypeIdItem() {
+  const DexFile::TypeId* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::TypeId*>(ptr_);
+  const char* descriptor = dex_file_->StringDataByIdx(item->descriptor_idx_);
+
+  // Check that the descriptor is a valid type.
+  if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Invalid type descriptor: '%s'", descriptor);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check ordering between items.
+  if (previous_item_ != NULL) {
+    const DexFile::TypeId* prev_item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::TypeId*>(previous_item_);
+    if (prev_item->descriptor_idx_ >= item->descriptor_idx_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order type_ids: %x then %x", prev_item->descriptor_idx_, item->descriptor_idx_);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::TypeId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterProtoIdItem() {
+  const DexFile::ProtoId* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::ProtoId*>(ptr_);
+  const char* shorty = dex_file_->StringDataByIdx(item->shorty_idx_);
+  if (item->parameters_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->parameters_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check the return type and advance the shorty.
+  if (!CheckShortyDescriptorMatch(*shorty, dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(item->return_type_idx_), true)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  shorty++;
+
+  DexFileParameterIterator it(*dex_file_, *item);
+  while (it.HasNext() && *shorty != '\0') {
+    const char* descriptor = it.GetDescriptor();
+    if (!CheckShortyDescriptorMatch(*shorty, descriptor, false)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    it.Next();
+    shorty++;
+  }
+  if (it.HasNext() || *shorty != '\0') {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched length for parameters and shorty";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check ordering between items. This relies on type_ids being in order.
+  if (previous_item_ != NULL) {
+    const DexFile::ProtoId* prev = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::ProtoId*>(previous_item_);
+    if (prev->return_type_idx_ > item->return_type_idx_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order proto_id return types";
+      return false;
+    } else if (prev->return_type_idx_ == item->return_type_idx_) {
+      DexFileParameterIterator curr_it(*dex_file_, *item);
+      DexFileParameterIterator prev_it(*dex_file_, *prev);
+
+      while (curr_it.HasNext() && prev_it.HasNext()) {
+        uint16_t prev_idx = prev_it.GetTypeIdx();
+        uint16_t curr_idx = curr_it.GetTypeIdx();
+        if (prev_idx == DexFile::kDexNoIndex16) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (curr_idx == DexFile::kDexNoIndex16) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order proto_id arguments";
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (prev_idx < curr_idx) {
+          break;
+        } else if (prev_idx > curr_idx) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order proto_id arguments";
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        prev_it.Next();
+        curr_it.Next();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::ProtoId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterFieldIdItem() {
+  const DexFile::FieldId* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::FieldId*>(ptr_);
+
+  // Check that the class descriptor is valid.
+  const char* descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(item->class_idx_);
+  if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || descriptor[0] != 'L') {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid descriptor for class_idx: '" << descriptor << '"';
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check that the type descriptor is a valid field name.
+  descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(item->type_idx_);
+  if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || descriptor[0] == 'V') {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid descriptor for type_idx: '" << descriptor << '"';
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check that the name is valid.
+  descriptor = dex_file_->StringDataByIdx(item->name_idx_);
+  if (!IsValidMemberName(descriptor)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid field name: '" << descriptor << '"';
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check ordering between items. This relies on the other sections being in order.
+  if (previous_item_ != NULL) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId* prev_item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::FieldId*>(previous_item_);
+    if (prev_item->class_idx_ > item->class_idx_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order field_ids";
+      return false;
+    } else if (prev_item->class_idx_ == item->class_idx_) {
+      if (prev_item->name_idx_ > item->name_idx_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order field_ids";
+        return false;
+      } else if (prev_item->name_idx_ == item->name_idx_) {
+        if (prev_item->type_idx_ >= item->type_idx_) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order field_ids";
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::FieldId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterMethodIdItem() {
+  const DexFile::MethodId* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MethodId*>(ptr_);
+
+  // Check that the class descriptor is a valid reference name.
+  const char* descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(item->class_idx_);
+  if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || (descriptor[0] != 'L' && descriptor[0] != '[')) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid descriptor for class_idx: '" << descriptor << '"';
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check that the name is valid.
+  descriptor = dex_file_->StringDataByIdx(item->name_idx_);
+  if (!IsValidMemberName(descriptor)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid method name: '" << descriptor << '"';
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check ordering between items. This relies on the other sections being in order.
+  if (previous_item_ != NULL) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId* prev_item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MethodId*>(previous_item_);
+    if (prev_item->class_idx_ > item->class_idx_) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order method_ids";
+      return false;
+    } else if (prev_item->class_idx_ == item->class_idx_) {
+      if (prev_item->name_idx_ > item->name_idx_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order method_ids";
+        return false;
+      } else if (prev_item->name_idx_ == item->name_idx_) {
+        if (prev_item->proto_idx_ >= item->proto_idx_) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Out-of-order method_ids";
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::MethodId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterClassDefItem() {
+  const DexFile::ClassDef* item = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::ClassDef*>(ptr_);
+  uint32_t class_idx = item->class_idx_;
+  const char* descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(class_idx);
+
+  if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || descriptor[0] != 'L') {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid class descriptor: '" << descriptor << "'";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (item->interfaces_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->interfaces_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (item->annotations_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (item->class_data_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->class_data_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (item->static_values_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->static_values_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (item->superclass_idx_ != DexFile::kDexNoIndex16) {
+    descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(item->superclass_idx_);
+    if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || descriptor[0] != 'L') {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid superclass: '" << descriptor << "'";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const DexFile::TypeList* interfaces = dex_file_->GetInterfacesList(*item);
+  if (interfaces != NULL) {
+    uint32_t size = interfaces->Size();
+
+    // Ensure that all interfaces refer to classes (not arrays or primitives).
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      descriptor = dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(interfaces->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_);
+      if (!IsValidDescriptor(descriptor) || descriptor[0] != 'L') {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid interface: '" << descriptor << "'";
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Ensure that there are no duplicates. This is an O(N^2) test, but in
+     * practice the number of interfaces implemented by any given class is low.
+     */
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < size; i++) {
+      uint32_t idx1 = interfaces->GetTypeItem(i).type_idx_;
+      for (uint32_t j =0; j < i; j++) {
+        uint32_t idx2 = interfaces->GetTypeItem(j).type_idx_;
+        if (idx1 == idx2) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Duplicate interface: '" << dex_file_->StringByTypeIdx(idx1) << "'";
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check that references in class_data_item are to the right class.
+  if (item->class_data_off_ != 0) {
+    const byte* data = base_ + item->class_data_off_;
+    uint16_t data_definer = FindFirstClassDataDefiner(data);
+    if ((data_definer != item->class_idx_) && (data_definer != DexFile::kDexNoIndex16)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid class_data_item";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check that references in annotations_directory_item are to right class.
+  if (item->annotations_off_ != 0) {
+    const byte* data = base_ + item->annotations_off_;
+    uint16_t annotations_definer = FindFirstAnnotationsDirectoryDefiner(data);
+    if ((annotations_definer != item->class_idx_) && (annotations_definer != DexFile::kDexNoIndex16)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid annotations_directory_item";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ += sizeof(DexFile::ClassDef);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterAnnotationSetRefList() {
+  const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefList* list =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefList*>(ptr_);
+  const DexFile::AnnotationSetRefItem* item = list->list_;
+  uint32_t count = list->size_;
+
+  while (count--) {
+    if (item->annotations_off_ != 0 &&
+        !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    item++;
+  }
+
+  ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(item);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterAnnotationSetItem() {
+  const DexFile::AnnotationSetItem* set = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationSetItem*>(ptr_);
+  const uint32_t* offsets = set->entries_;
+  uint32_t count = set->size_;
+  uint32_t last_idx = 0;
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    if (*offsets != 0 && !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(*offsets, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the annotation from the offset and the type index for the annotation.
+    const DexFile::AnnotationItem* annotation =
+        reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationItem*>(base_ + *offsets);
+    const uint8_t* data = annotation->annotation_;
+    uint32_t idx = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&data);
+
+    if (last_idx >= idx && i != 0) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Out-of-order entry types: %x then %x", last_idx, idx);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    last_idx = idx;
+    offsets++;
+  }
+
+  ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(offsets);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterClassDataItem() {
+  ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file_, ptr_);
+  uint16_t defining_class = FindFirstClassDataDefiner(ptr_);
+
+  for (; it.HasNextStaticField() || it.HasNextInstanceField(); it.Next()) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId& field = dex_file_->GetFieldId(it.GetMemberIndex());
+    if (field.class_idx_ != defining_class) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched defining class for class_data_item field";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (; it.HasNextDirectMethod() || it.HasNextVirtualMethod(); it.Next()) {
+    uint32_t code_off = it.GetMethodCodeItemOffset();
+    if (code_off != 0 && !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(code_off, DexFile::kDexTypeCodeItem)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const DexFile::MethodId& method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(it.GetMemberIndex());
+    if (method.class_idx_ != defining_class) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched defining class for class_data_item method";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ptr_ = it.EndDataPointer();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterAnnotationsDirectoryItem() {
+  const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem* item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::AnnotationsDirectoryItem*>(ptr_);
+  uint16_t defining_class = FindFirstAnnotationsDirectoryDefiner(ptr_);
+
+  if (item->class_annotations_off_ != 0 &&
+      !CheckOffsetToTypeMap(item->class_annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Field annotations follow immediately after the annotations directory.
+  const DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem* field_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::FieldAnnotationsItem*>(item + 1);
+  uint32_t field_count = item->fields_size_;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < field_count; i++) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId& field = dex_file_->GetFieldId(field_item->field_idx_);
+    if (field.class_idx_ != defining_class) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched defining class for field_annotation";
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!CheckOffsetToTypeMap(field_item->annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    field_item++;
+  }
+
+  // Method annotations follow immediately after field annotations.
+  const DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem* method_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MethodAnnotationsItem*>(field_item);
+  uint32_t method_count = item->methods_size_;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < method_count; i++) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId& method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(method_item->method_idx_);
+    if (method.class_idx_ != defining_class) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched defining class for method_annotation";
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!CheckOffsetToTypeMap(method_item->annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    method_item++;
+  }
+
+  // Parameter annotations follow immediately after method annotations.
+  const DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem* parameter_item =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::ParameterAnnotationsItem*>(method_item);
+  uint32_t parameter_count = item->parameters_size_;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < parameter_count; i++) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId& parameter_method = dex_file_->GetMethodId(parameter_item->method_idx_);
+    if (parameter_method.class_idx_ != defining_class) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Mismatched defining class for parameter_annotation";
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!CheckOffsetToTypeMap(parameter_item->annotations_off_, DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    parameter_item++;
+  }
+
+  ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(parameter_item);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterSectionIterate(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type) {
+  // Get the right alignment mask for the type of section.
+  uint32_t alignment_mask;
+  switch (type) {
+    case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem:
+      alignment_mask = sizeof(uint8_t) - 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      alignment_mask = sizeof(uint32_t) - 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Iterate through the items in the section.
+  previous_item_ = NULL;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    uint32_t new_offset = (offset + alignment_mask) & ~alignment_mask;
+    ptr_ = base_ + new_offset;
+    const byte* prev_ptr = ptr_;
+
+    // Check depending on the section type.
+    switch (type) {
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterStringIdItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterTypeIdItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterProtoIdItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterFieldIdItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterMethodIdItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterClassDefItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList: {
+        if (!CheckInterAnnotationSetRefList()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterAnnotationSetItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterClassDataItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterAnnotationsDirectoryItem()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unknown map item type %x", type);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    previous_item_ = prev_ptr;
+    offset = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(ptr_) - reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(base_);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::CheckInterSection() {
+  const DexFile::MapList* map = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::MapList*>(base_ + header_->map_off_);
+  const DexFile::MapItem* item = map->list_;
+  uint32_t count = map->size_;
+
+  // Cross check the items listed in the map.
+  while (count--) {
+    uint32_t section_offset = item->offset_;
+    uint32_t section_count = item->size_;
+    uint16_t type = item->type_;
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeHeaderItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMapList:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeList:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeCodeItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringDataItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeDebugInfoItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeEncodedArrayItem:
+        break;
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeStringIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeTypeIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeProtoIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeFieldIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeMethodIdItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDefItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetRefList:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationSetItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeClassDataItem:
+      case DexFile::kDexTypeAnnotationsDirectoryItem: {
+        if (!CheckInterSectionIterate(section_offset, section_count, type)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        LOG(ERROR) << StringPrintf("Unknown map item type %x", type);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    item++;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DexFileVerifier::Verify() {
+  // Check the header.
+  if (!CheckHeader()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check the map section.
+  if (!CheckMap()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check structure within remaining sections.
+  if (!CheckIntraSection()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check references from one section to another.
+  if (!CheckInterSection()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/src/dex_file_verifier.h b/src/dex_file_verifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b8fcf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dex_file_verifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+#ifndef ART_SRC_DEX_FILE_VERIFIER_H_
+#define ART_SRC_DEX_FILE_VERIFIER_H_
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include "dex_file.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+class DexFileVerifier {
+ public:
+  static bool Verify(DexFile* dex_file, const byte* base, size_t length);
+
+ private:
+  DexFileVerifier(DexFile* dex_file, const byte* base, size_t length)
+      : dex_file_(dex_file), base_(base), length_(length),
+        header_(&dex_file->GetHeader()), ptr_(NULL), previous_item_(NULL)  {
+  }
+
+  bool Verify();
+
+  bool CheckPointerRange(const void* start, const void* end, const char* label) const;
+  bool CheckListSize(const void* start, uint32_t count, uint32_t element_size, const char* label) const;
+  bool CheckIndex(uint32_t field, uint32_t limit, const char* label) const;
+
+  bool CheckHeader() const;
+  bool CheckMap() const;
+
+  uint32_t ReadUnsignedLittleEndian(uint32_t size);
+  bool CheckAndGetHandlerOffsets(const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
+      uint32_t* handler_offsets, uint32_t handlers_size);
+  bool CheckClassDataItemField(uint32_t idx, uint32_t access_flags, bool expect_static) const;
+  bool CheckClassDataItemMethod(uint32_t idx, uint32_t access_flags, uint32_t code_offset,
+      bool expect_direct) const;
+  bool CheckPadding(uint32_t offset, uint32_t aligned_offset);
+  bool CheckEncodedValue();
+  bool CheckEncodedArray();
+  bool CheckEncodedAnnotation();
+
+  bool CheckIntraClassDataItem();
+  bool CheckIntraCodeItem();
+  bool CheckIntraStringDataItem();
+  bool CheckIntraDebugInfoItem();
+  bool CheckIntraAnnotationItem();
+  bool CheckIntraAnnotationsDirectoryItem();
+
+  bool CheckIntraSectionIterate(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type);
+  bool CheckIntraIdSection(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type);
+  bool CheckIntraDataSection(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type);
+  bool CheckIntraSection();
+
+  bool CheckOffsetToTypeMap(uint32_t offset, uint16_t type);
+  uint16_t FindFirstClassDataDefiner(const byte* ptr) const;
+  uint16_t FindFirstAnnotationsDirectoryDefiner(const byte* ptr) const;
+
+  bool CheckInterStringIdItem();
+  bool CheckInterTypeIdItem();
+  bool CheckInterProtoIdItem();
+  bool CheckInterFieldIdItem();
+  bool CheckInterMethodIdItem();
+  bool CheckInterClassDefItem();
+  bool CheckInterAnnotationSetRefList();
+  bool CheckInterAnnotationSetItem();
+  bool CheckInterClassDataItem();
+  bool CheckInterAnnotationsDirectoryItem();
+
+  bool CheckInterSectionIterate(uint32_t offset, uint32_t count, uint16_t type);
+  bool CheckInterSection();
+
+  DexFile* dex_file_;
+  const byte* base_;
+  size_t length_;
+  const DexFile::Header* header_;
+
+  std::map<uint32_t, uint16_t> offset_to_type_map_;
+  const byte* ptr_;
+  const void* previous_item_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_SRC_DEX_FILE_VERIFIER_H_
diff --git a/src/image_test.cc b/src/image_test.cc
index 6901482..57afe68 100644
--- a/src/image_test.cc
+++ b/src/image_test.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(ImageTest, WriteRead) {
   ScratchFile tmp_oat;
-  bool success_oat = OatWriter::Create(tmp_oat.GetFile(), NULL, *compiler_.get());
+  std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;
+  bool success_oat = OatWriter::Create(tmp_oat.GetFile(), NULL, dex_files, *compiler_.get());
   ASSERT_TRUE(success_oat);
 
   // Force all system classes into memory
diff --git a/src/oat_test.cc b/src/oat_test.cc
index e4af31e..5201bea 100644
--- a/src/oat_test.cc
+++ b/src/oat_test.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   }
 
   ScratchFile tmp;
-  bool success = OatWriter::Create(tmp.GetFile(), class_loader.get(), *compiler_.get());
+  bool success = OatWriter::Create(tmp.GetFile(), class_loader.get(), class_linker->GetBootClassPath(), *compiler_.get());
   ASSERT_TRUE(success);
 
   if (compile) {  // OatWriter strips the code, regenerate to compare
diff --git a/src/oat_writer.cc b/src/oat_writer.cc
index 498ab34..b8dc14b 100644
--- a/src/oat_writer.cc
+++ b/src/oat_writer.cc
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 bool OatWriter::Create(File* file,
                        const ClassLoader* class_loader,
+                       const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
                        const Compiler& compiler) {
-  const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files = ClassLoader::GetCompileTimeClassPath(class_loader);
   OatWriter oat_writer(dex_files, class_loader, compiler);
   return oat_writer.Write(file);
 }
diff --git a/src/oat_writer.h b/src/oat_writer.h
index a9ea7ef..33dcf0e 100644
--- a/src/oat_writer.h
+++ b/src/oat_writer.h
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@
 class OatWriter {
  public:
   // Write an oat file. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  static bool Create(File* file, const ClassLoader* class_loader, const Compiler& compiler);
+  static bool Create(File* file, const ClassLoader* class_loader,
+                     const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files, const Compiler& compiler);
 
  private:
 
diff --git a/src/utf.cc b/src/utf.cc
index 52f03a9..14f511c 100644
--- a/src/utf.cc
+++ b/src/utf.cc
@@ -89,13 +89,16 @@
 
 int CompareModifiedUtf8ToModifiedUtf8AsUtf16CodePointValues(const char* utf8_1, const char* utf8_2) {
   for (;;) {
-    uint16_t c1 = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&utf8_1);
-    uint16_t c2 = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&utf8_2);
-    if (c1 == 0) {
-      return (c2 == 0) ? 0 : -1;
-    } else if (c2 == 0) {
+    if (*utf8_1 == '\0') {
+      return (*utf8_2 == '\0') ? 0 : -1;
+    } else if (*utf8_2 == '\0') {
       return 1;
-    } else if (c1 != c2) {
+    }
+
+    int c1 = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&utf8_1);
+    int c2 = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&utf8_2);
+
+    if (c1 != c2) {
       return c1 > c2 ? 1 : -1;
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/utils.cc b/src/utils.cc
index c0be9b4..dbbca28 100644
--- a/src/utils.cc
+++ b/src/utils.cc
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
   return long_name;
 }
 
-// Helper for IsValidMemberNameUtf8(), a bit vector indicating valid low ascii.
+// Helper for IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8(), a bit vector indicating valid low ascii.
 uint32_t DEX_MEMBER_VALID_LOW_ASCII[4] = {
   0x00000000, // 00..1f low control characters; nothing valid
   0x03ff2010, // 20..3f digits and symbols; valid: '0'..'9', '$', '-'
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@
   0x07fffffe  // 60..7f lowercase etc.; valid: 'a'..'z'
 };
 
-// Helper for IsValidMemberNameUtf8(); do not call directly.
-bool IsValidMemberNameUtf8Slow(const char** pUtf8Ptr) {
+// Helper for IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8(); do not call directly.
+bool IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8Slow(const char** pUtf8Ptr) {
   /*
    * It's a multibyte encoded character. Decode it and analyze. We
    * accept anything that isn't (a) an improperly encoded low value,
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
  * this function returns false, then the given pointer may only have
  * been partially advanced.
  */
-bool IsValidMemberNameUtf8(const char** pUtf8Ptr) {
+bool IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8(const char** pUtf8Ptr) {
   uint8_t c = (uint8_t) **pUtf8Ptr;
   if (c <= 0x7f) {
     // It's low-ascii, so check the table.
@@ -425,7 +425,34 @@
 
   // It's a multibyte encoded character. Call a non-inline function
   // for the heavy lifting.
-  return IsValidMemberNameUtf8Slow(pUtf8Ptr);
+  return IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8Slow(pUtf8Ptr);
+}
+
+bool IsValidMemberName(const char* s) {
+  bool angle_name = false;
+
+  switch(*s) {
+    case '\0':
+      // The empty string is not a valid name.
+      return false;
+    case '<':
+      angle_name = true;
+      s++;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    switch (*s) {
+      case '\0':
+        return !angle_name;
+      case '>':
+        return angle_name && s[1] == '\0';
+    }
+
+    if (!IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8(&s)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 enum ClassNameType { kName, kDescriptor };
@@ -521,7 +548,7 @@
       s++;
       break;
     default:
-      if (!IsValidMemberNameUtf8(&s)) {
+      if (!IsValidPartOfMemberNameUtf8(&s)) {
         return false;
       }
       sepOrFirst = false;
diff --git a/src/utils.h b/src/utils.h
index 606f35d..6a18138 100644
--- a/src/utils.h
+++ b/src/utils.h
@@ -198,6 +198,10 @@
 bool IsValidJniClassName(const char* s);     // "java/lang/String"
 bool IsValidDescriptor(const char* s);       // "Ljava/lang/String;"
 
+// Returns whether the given string is a valid field or method name,
+// additionally allowing names that begin with '<' and end with '>'.
+bool IsValidMemberName(const char* s);
+
 // Returns the JNI native function name for the non-overloaded method 'm'.
 std::string JniShortName(const Method* m);
 // Returns the JNI native function name for the overloaded method 'm'.