runtime/utf_test.cc - platform/art - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include "utf.h"

 #include "common_runtime_test.h"
 #include "utf-inl.h"

 #include <map>
 #include <vector>

 namespace art {

 class UtfTest : public CommonRuntimeTest {};

 TEST_F(UtfTest, GetLeadingUtf16Char) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0xffff, GetLeadingUtf16Char(0xeeeeffff));
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, GetTrailingUtf16Char) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0xffff, GetTrailingUtf16Char(0xffffeeee));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(0x0000aaaa));
 }

 #define EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(expected, end, start) \
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uintptr_t>(expected), \
             reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(end) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start));

 // A test string containing one, two, three and four byte UTF-8 sequences.
 static const uint8_t kAllSequences[] = {
     0x24,
     0xc2, 0xa2,
     0xe2, 0x82, 0xac,
     0xf0, 0x9f, 0x8f, 0xa0,
     0x00
 };

 // A test string that contains a UTF-8 encoding of a surrogate pair
 // (code point = U+10400).
 static const uint8_t kSurrogateEncoding[] = {
     0xed, 0xa0, 0x81,
     0xed, 0xb0, 0x80,
     0x00
 };

 TEST_F(UtfTest, GetUtf16FromUtf8) {
   const char* const start = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(kAllSequences);
   const char* ptr = start;
   uint32_t pair = 0;

   // Single byte sequence.
   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x24, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(1, ptr, start);

   // Two byte sequence.
   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa2, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(3, ptr, start);

   // Three byte sequence.
   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x20ac, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(6, ptr, start);

   // Four byte sequence
   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xd83c, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0xdfe0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(10, ptr, start);

   // Null terminator.
   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(11, ptr, start);
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, GetUtf16FromUtf8_SurrogatesPassThrough) {
   const char* const start = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kSurrogateEncoding);
   const char* ptr = start;
   uint32_t pair = 0;

   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xd801, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(3, ptr, start);

   pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xdc00, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
   EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(6, ptr, start);
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, CountModifiedUtf8Chars) {
   EXPECT_EQ(5u, CountModifiedUtf8Chars(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kAllSequences)));
   EXPECT_EQ(2u, CountModifiedUtf8Chars(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kSurrogateEncoding)));
 }

 static void AssertConversion(const std::vector<uint16_t>& input,
                              const std::vector<uint8_t>& expected) {
   ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), CountUtf8Bytes(&input[0], input.size()));

   std::vector<uint8_t> output(expected.size());
   ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&output[0]), expected.size(),
                              &input[0], input.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(expected, output);
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, CountAndConvertUtf8Bytes) {
   // Surrogate pairs will be converted into 4 byte sequences.
   AssertConversion({ 0xd801, 0xdc00 }, { 0xf0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x80 });

   // Three byte encodings that are below & above the leading surrogate
   // range respectively.
   AssertConversion({ 0xdef0 }, { 0xed, 0xbb, 0xb0 });
   AssertConversion({ 0xdcff }, { 0xed, 0xb3, 0xbf });
   // Two byte encoding.
   AssertConversion({ 0x0101 }, { 0xc4, 0x81 });

   // Two byte special case : 0 must use an overlong encoding.
   AssertConversion({ 0x0101, 0x0000 }, { 0xc4, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x80 });

   // One byte encoding.
   AssertConversion({ 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' }, { 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f });

   AssertConversion({
       0xd802, 0xdc02,  // Surrogate pair.
       0xdef0, 0xdcff,  // Three byte encodings.
       0x0101, 0x0000,  // Two byte encodings.
       'p'   , 'p'      // One byte encoding.
     }, {
       0xf0, 0x90, 0xa0, 0x82,
       0xed, 0xbb, 0xb0, 0xed, 0xb3, 0xbf,
       0xc4, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x80,
       0x70, 0x70
     });
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, CountAndConvertUtf8Bytes_UnpairedSurrogate) {
   // Unpaired trailing surrogate at the end of input.
   AssertConversion({ 'h', 'e', 0xd801 }, { 'h', 'e', 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 });
   // Unpaired (or incorrectly paired) surrogates in the middle of the input.
   const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> prefixes {
       {{ 'h' }, { 'h' }},
       {{ 0 }, { 0xc0, 0x80 }},
       {{ 0x81 }, { 0xc2, 0x81 }},
       {{ 0x801 }, { 0xe0, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
   };
   const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> suffixes {
       {{ 'e' }, { 'e' }},
       {{ 0 }, { 0xc0, 0x80 }},
       {{ 0x7ff }, { 0xdf, 0xbf }},
       {{ 0xffff }, { 0xef, 0xbf, 0xbf }},
   };
   const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> tests {
       {{ 0xd801 }, { 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
       {{ 0xdc00 }, { 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80 }},
       {{ 0xd801, 0xd801 }, { 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81, 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
       {{ 0xdc00, 0xdc00 }, { 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80 }},
   };
   for (const auto& prefix : prefixes) {
     const std::vector<uint16_t>& prefix_in = prefix.first;
     const std::vector<uint8_t>& prefix_out = prefix.second;
     for (const auto& test : tests) {
       const std::vector<uint16_t>& test_in = test.first;
       const std::vector<uint8_t>& test_out = test.second;
       for (const auto& suffix : suffixes) {
         const std::vector<uint16_t>& suffix_in = suffix.first;
         const std::vector<uint8_t>& suffix_out = suffix.second;
         std::vector<uint16_t> in = prefix_in;
         in.insert(in.end(), test_in.begin(), test_in.end());
         in.insert(in.end(), suffix_in.begin(), suffix_in.end());
         std::vector<uint8_t> out = prefix_out;
         out.insert(out.end(), test_out.begin(), test_out.end());
         out.insert(out.end(), suffix_out.begin(), suffix_out.end());
         AssertConversion(in, out);
       }
     }
   }
 }

 // Old versions of functions, here to compare answers with optimized versions.

 size_t CountModifiedUtf8Chars_reference(const char* utf8) {
   size_t len = 0;
   int ic;
   while ((ic = *utf8++) != '\0') {
     len++;
     if ((ic & 0x80) == 0) {
       // one-byte encoding
       continue;
     }
     // two- or three-byte encoding
     utf8++;
     if ((ic & 0x20) == 0) {
       // two-byte encoding
       continue;
     }
     utf8++;
     if ((ic & 0x10) == 0) {
       // three-byte encoding
       continue;
     }

     // four-byte encoding: needs to be converted into a surrogate
     // pair.
     utf8++;
     len++;
   }
   return len;
 }

 static size_t CountUtf8Bytes_reference(const uint16_t* chars, size_t char_count) {
   size_t result = 0;
   while (char_count--) {
     const uint16_t ch = *chars++;
     if (ch > 0 && ch <= 0x7f) {
       ++result;
     } else if (ch >= 0xd800 && ch <= 0xdbff) {
       if (char_count > 0) {
         const uint16_t ch2 = *chars;
         // If we find a properly paired surrogate, we emit it as a 4 byte
         // UTF sequence. If we find an unpaired leading or trailing surrogate,
         // we emit it as a 3 byte sequence like would have done earlier.
         if (ch2 >= 0xdc00 && ch2 <= 0xdfff) {
           chars++;
           char_count--;

           result += 4;
         } else {
           result += 3;
         }
       } else {
         // This implies we found an unpaired trailing surrogate at the end
         // of a string.
         result += 3;
       }
     } else if (ch > 0x7ff) {
       result += 3;
     } else {
       result += 2;
     }
   }
   return result;
 }

 static void ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8_reference(char* utf8_out, const uint16_t* utf16_in,
                                                  size_t char_count) {
   while (char_count--) {
     const uint16_t ch = *utf16_in++;
     if (ch > 0 && ch <= 0x7f) {
       *utf8_out++ = ch;
     } else {
       // Char_count == 0 here implies we've encountered an unpaired
       // surrogate and we have no choice but to encode it as 3-byte UTF
       // sequence. Note that unpaired surrogates can occur as a part of
       // "normal" operation.
       if ((ch >= 0xd800 && ch <= 0xdbff) && (char_count > 0)) {
         const uint16_t ch2 = *utf16_in;

         // Check if the other half of the pair is within the expected
         // range. If it isn't, we will have to emit both "halves" as
         // separate 3 byte sequences.
         if (ch2 >= 0xdc00 && ch2 <= 0xdfff) {
           utf16_in++;
           char_count--;
           const uint32_t code_point = (ch << 10) + ch2 - 0x035fdc00;
           *utf8_out++ = (code_point >> 18) | 0xf0;
           *utf8_out++ = ((code_point >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80;
           *utf8_out++ = ((code_point >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80;
           *utf8_out++ = (code_point & 0x3f) | 0x80;
           continue;
         }
       }

       if (ch > 0x07ff) {
         // Three byte encoding.
         *utf8_out++ = (ch >> 12) | 0xe0;
         *utf8_out++ = ((ch >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80;
         *utf8_out++ = (ch & 0x3f) | 0x80;
       } else /*(ch > 0x7f || ch == 0)*/ {
         // Two byte encoding.
         *utf8_out++ = (ch >> 6) | 0xc0;
         *utf8_out++ = (ch & 0x3f) | 0x80;
       }
     }
   }
 }

 // Exhaustive test of converting a single code point to UTF-16, then UTF-8, and back again.

 static void codePointToSurrogatePair(uint32_t code_point, uint16_t &first, uint16_t &second) {
   first = (code_point >> 10) + 0xd7c0;
   second = (code_point & 0x03ff) + 0xdc00;
 }

 static void testConversions(uint16_t *buf, int char_count) {
   char bytes_test[8] = { 0 }, bytes_reference[8] = { 0 };
   uint16_t out_buf_test[4] = { 0 }, out_buf_reference[4] = { 0 };
   int byte_count_test, byte_count_reference;
   int char_count_test, char_count_reference;

   // Calculate the number of utf-8 bytes for the utf-16 chars.
   byte_count_reference = CountUtf8Bytes_reference(buf, char_count);
   byte_count_test = CountUtf8Bytes(buf, char_count);
   EXPECT_EQ(byte_count_reference, byte_count_test);

   // Convert the utf-16 string to utf-8 bytes.
   ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8_reference(bytes_reference, buf, char_count);
   ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8(bytes_test, byte_count_test, buf, char_count);
   for (int i = 0; i < byte_count_test; ++i) {
     EXPECT_EQ(bytes_reference[i], bytes_test[i]);
   }

   // Calculate the number of utf-16 chars from the utf-8 bytes.
   bytes_reference[byte_count_reference] = 0;  // Reference function needs null termination.
   char_count_reference = CountModifiedUtf8Chars_reference(bytes_reference);
   char_count_test = CountModifiedUtf8Chars(bytes_test, byte_count_test);
   EXPECT_EQ(char_count, char_count_reference);
   EXPECT_EQ(char_count, char_count_test);

   // Convert the utf-8 bytes back to utf-16 chars.
   // Does not need copied _reference version of the function because the original
   // function with the old API is retained for debug/testing code.
   ConvertModifiedUtf8ToUtf16(out_buf_reference, bytes_reference);
   ConvertModifiedUtf8ToUtf16(out_buf_test, char_count_test, bytes_test, byte_count_test);
   for (int i = 0; i < char_count_test; ++i) {
     EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], out_buf_reference[i]);
     EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], out_buf_test[i]);
   }
 }

 TEST_F(UtfTest, ExhaustiveBidirectionalCodePointCheck) {
   for (int codePoint = 0; codePoint <= 0x10ffff; ++codePoint) {
     uint16_t buf[4] = { 0 };
     if (codePoint <= 0xffff) {
       if (codePoint >= 0xd800 && codePoint <= 0xdfff) {
         // According to the Unicode standard, no character will ever
         // be assigned to these code points, and they cannot be encoded
         // into either utf-16 or utf-8.
         continue;
       }
       buf[0] = 'h';
       buf[1] = codePoint;
       buf[2] = 'e';
       testConversions(buf, 2);
       testConversions(buf, 3);
       testConversions(buf + 1, 1);
       testConversions(buf + 1, 2);
     } else {
       buf[0] = 'h';
       codePointToSurrogatePair(codePoint, buf[1], buf[2]);
       buf[3] = 'e';
       testConversions(buf, 2);
       testConversions(buf, 3);
       testConversions(buf, 4);
       testConversions(buf + 1, 1);
       testConversions(buf + 1, 2);
       testConversions(buf + 1, 3);
     }
   }
 }

 }  // namespace art
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include "utf.h"

	#include "common_runtime_test.h"
	#include "utf-inl.h"

	#include <map>
	#include <vector>

	namespace art {

	class UtfTest : public CommonRuntimeTest {};

	TEST_F(UtfTest, GetLeadingUtf16Char) {
	EXPECT_EQ(0xffff, GetLeadingUtf16Char(0xeeeeffff));
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, GetTrailingUtf16Char) {
	EXPECT_EQ(0xffff, GetTrailingUtf16Char(0xffffeeee));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(0x0000aaaa));
	}

	#define EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(expected, end, start) \
	EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uintptr_t>(expected), \
	reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(end) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start));

	// A test string containing one, two, three and four byte UTF-8 sequences.
	static const uint8_t kAllSequences[] = {
	0x24,
	0xc2, 0xa2,
	0xe2, 0x82, 0xac,
	0xf0, 0x9f, 0x8f, 0xa0,
	0x00
	};

	// A test string that contains a UTF-8 encoding of a surrogate pair
	// (code point = U+10400).
	static const uint8_t kSurrogateEncoding[] = {
	0xed, 0xa0, 0x81,
	0xed, 0xb0, 0x80,
	0x00
	};

	TEST_F(UtfTest, GetUtf16FromUtf8) {
	const char* const start = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(kAllSequences);
	const char* ptr = start;
	uint32_t pair = 0;

	// Single byte sequence.
	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0x24, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(1, ptr, start);

	// Two byte sequence.
	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0xa2, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(3, ptr, start);

	// Three byte sequence.
	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0x20ac, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(6, ptr, start);

	// Four byte sequence
	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0xd83c, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0xdfe0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(10, ptr, start);

	// Null terminator.
	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(11, ptr, start);
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, GetUtf16FromUtf8_SurrogatesPassThrough) {
	const char* const start = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kSurrogateEncoding);
	const char* ptr = start;
	uint32_t pair = 0;

	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0xd801, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(3, ptr, start);

	pair = GetUtf16FromUtf8(&ptr);
	EXPECT_EQ(0xdc00, GetLeadingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_EQ(0, GetTrailingUtf16Char(pair));
	EXPECT_ARRAY_POSITION(6, ptr, start);
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, CountModifiedUtf8Chars) {
	EXPECT_EQ(5u, CountModifiedUtf8Chars(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kAllSequences)));
	EXPECT_EQ(2u, CountModifiedUtf8Chars(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(kSurrogateEncoding)));
	}

	static void AssertConversion(const std::vector<uint16_t>& input,
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& expected) {
	ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), CountUtf8Bytes(&input[0], input.size()));

	std::vector<uint8_t> output(expected.size());
	ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&output[0]), expected.size(),
	&input[0], input.size());
	EXPECT_EQ(expected, output);
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, CountAndConvertUtf8Bytes) {
	// Surrogate pairs will be converted into 4 byte sequences.
	AssertConversion({ 0xd801, 0xdc00 }, { 0xf0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x80 });

	// Three byte encodings that are below & above the leading surrogate
	// range respectively.
	AssertConversion({ 0xdef0 }, { 0xed, 0xbb, 0xb0 });
	AssertConversion({ 0xdcff }, { 0xed, 0xb3, 0xbf });
	// Two byte encoding.
	AssertConversion({ 0x0101 }, { 0xc4, 0x81 });

	// Two byte special case : 0 must use an overlong encoding.
	AssertConversion({ 0x0101, 0x0000 }, { 0xc4, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x80 });

	// One byte encoding.
	AssertConversion({ 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' }, { 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f });

	AssertConversion({
	0xd802, 0xdc02, // Surrogate pair.
	0xdef0, 0xdcff, // Three byte encodings.
	0x0101, 0x0000, // Two byte encodings.
	'p' , 'p' // One byte encoding.
	}, {
	0xf0, 0x90, 0xa0, 0x82,
	0xed, 0xbb, 0xb0, 0xed, 0xb3, 0xbf,
	0xc4, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x80,
	0x70, 0x70
	});
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, CountAndConvertUtf8Bytes_UnpairedSurrogate) {
	// Unpaired trailing surrogate at the end of input.
	AssertConversion({ 'h', 'e', 0xd801 }, { 'h', 'e', 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 });
	// Unpaired (or incorrectly paired) surrogates in the middle of the input.
	const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> prefixes {
	{{ 'h' }, { 'h' }},
	{{ 0 }, { 0xc0, 0x80 }},
	{{ 0x81 }, { 0xc2, 0x81 }},
	{{ 0x801 }, { 0xe0, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
	};
	const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> suffixes {
	{{ 'e' }, { 'e' }},
	{{ 0 }, { 0xc0, 0x80 }},
	{{ 0x7ff }, { 0xdf, 0xbf }},
	{{ 0xffff }, { 0xef, 0xbf, 0xbf }},
	};
	const std::map<std::vector<uint16_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>> tests {
	{{ 0xd801 }, { 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
	{{ 0xdc00 }, { 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80 }},
	{{ 0xd801, 0xd801 }, { 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81, 0xed, 0xa0, 0x81 }},
	{{ 0xdc00, 0xdc00 }, { 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80 }},
	};
	for (const auto& prefix : prefixes) {
	const std::vector<uint16_t>& prefix_in = prefix.first;
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& prefix_out = prefix.second;
	for (const auto& test : tests) {
	const std::vector<uint16_t>& test_in = test.first;
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& test_out = test.second;
	for (const auto& suffix : suffixes) {
	const std::vector<uint16_t>& suffix_in = suffix.first;
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& suffix_out = suffix.second;
	std::vector<uint16_t> in = prefix_in;
	in.insert(in.end(), test_in.begin(), test_in.end());
	in.insert(in.end(), suffix_in.begin(), suffix_in.end());
	std::vector<uint8_t> out = prefix_out;
	out.insert(out.end(), test_out.begin(), test_out.end());
	out.insert(out.end(), suffix_out.begin(), suffix_out.end());
	AssertConversion(in, out);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// Old versions of functions, here to compare answers with optimized versions.

	size_t CountModifiedUtf8Chars_reference(const char* utf8) {
	size_t len = 0;
	int ic;
	while ((ic = *utf8++) != '\0') {
	len++;
	if ((ic & 0x80) == 0) {
	// one-byte encoding
	continue;
	}
	// two- or three-byte encoding
	utf8++;
	if ((ic & 0x20) == 0) {
	// two-byte encoding
	continue;
	}
	utf8++;
	if ((ic & 0x10) == 0) {
	// three-byte encoding
	continue;
	}

	// four-byte encoding: needs to be converted into a surrogate
	// pair.
	utf8++;
	len++;
	}
	return len;
	}

	static size_t CountUtf8Bytes_reference(const uint16_t* chars, size_t char_count) {
	size_t result = 0;
	while (char_count--) {
	const uint16_t ch = *chars++;
	if (ch > 0 && ch <= 0x7f) {
	++result;
	} else if (ch >= 0xd800 && ch <= 0xdbff) {
	if (char_count > 0) {
	const uint16_t ch2 = *chars;
	// If we find a properly paired surrogate, we emit it as a 4 byte
	// UTF sequence. If we find an unpaired leading or trailing surrogate,
	// we emit it as a 3 byte sequence like would have done earlier.
	if (ch2 >= 0xdc00 && ch2 <= 0xdfff) {
	chars++;
	char_count--;

	result += 4;
	} else {
	result += 3;
	}
	} else {
	// This implies we found an unpaired trailing surrogate at the end
	// of a string.
	result += 3;
	}
	} else if (ch > 0x7ff) {
	result += 3;
	} else {
	result += 2;
	}
	}
	return result;
	}

	static void ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8_reference(char* utf8_out, const uint16_t* utf16_in,
	size_t char_count) {
	while (char_count--) {
	const uint16_t ch = *utf16_in++;
	if (ch > 0 && ch <= 0x7f) {
	*utf8_out++ = ch;
	} else {
	// Char_count == 0 here implies we've encountered an unpaired
	// surrogate and we have no choice but to encode it as 3-byte UTF
	// sequence. Note that unpaired surrogates can occur as a part of
	// "normal" operation.
	if ((ch >= 0xd800 && ch <= 0xdbff) && (char_count > 0)) {
	const uint16_t ch2 = *utf16_in;

	// Check if the other half of the pair is within the expected
	// range. If it isn't, we will have to emit both "halves" as
	// separate 3 byte sequences.
	if (ch2 >= 0xdc00 && ch2 <= 0xdfff) {
	utf16_in++;
	char_count--;
	const uint32_t code_point = (ch << 10) + ch2 - 0x035fdc00;
	*utf8_out++ = (code_point >> 18) \| 0xf0;
	*utf8_out++ = ((code_point >> 12) & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	*utf8_out++ = ((code_point >> 6) & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	*utf8_out++ = (code_point & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	continue;
	}
	}

	if (ch > 0x07ff) {
	// Three byte encoding.
	*utf8_out++ = (ch >> 12) \| 0xe0;
	*utf8_out++ = ((ch >> 6) & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	*utf8_out++ = (ch & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	} else /(ch > 0x7f \|\| ch == 0)/ {
	// Two byte encoding.
	*utf8_out++ = (ch >> 6) \| 0xc0;
	*utf8_out++ = (ch & 0x3f) \| 0x80;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// Exhaustive test of converting a single code point to UTF-16, then UTF-8, and back again.

	static void codePointToSurrogatePair(uint32_t code_point, uint16_t &first, uint16_t &second) {
	first = (code_point >> 10) + 0xd7c0;
	second = (code_point & 0x03ff) + 0xdc00;
	}

	static void testConversions(uint16_t *buf, int char_count) {
	char bytes_test[8] = { 0 }, bytes_reference[8] = { 0 };
	uint16_t out_buf_test[4] = { 0 }, out_buf_reference[4] = { 0 };
	int byte_count_test, byte_count_reference;
	int char_count_test, char_count_reference;

	// Calculate the number of utf-8 bytes for the utf-16 chars.
	byte_count_reference = CountUtf8Bytes_reference(buf, char_count);
	byte_count_test = CountUtf8Bytes(buf, char_count);
	EXPECT_EQ(byte_count_reference, byte_count_test);

	// Convert the utf-16 string to utf-8 bytes.
	ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8_reference(bytes_reference, buf, char_count);
	ConvertUtf16ToModifiedUtf8(bytes_test, byte_count_test, buf, char_count);
	for (int i = 0; i < byte_count_test; ++i) {
	EXPECT_EQ(bytes_reference[i], bytes_test[i]);
	}

	// Calculate the number of utf-16 chars from the utf-8 bytes.
	bytes_reference[byte_count_reference] = 0; // Reference function needs null termination.
	char_count_reference = CountModifiedUtf8Chars_reference(bytes_reference);
	char_count_test = CountModifiedUtf8Chars(bytes_test, byte_count_test);
	EXPECT_EQ(char_count, char_count_reference);
	EXPECT_EQ(char_count, char_count_test);

	// Convert the utf-8 bytes back to utf-16 chars.
	// Does not need copied _reference version of the function because the original
	// function with the old API is retained for debug/testing code.
	ConvertModifiedUtf8ToUtf16(out_buf_reference, bytes_reference);
	ConvertModifiedUtf8ToUtf16(out_buf_test, char_count_test, bytes_test, byte_count_test);
	for (int i = 0; i < char_count_test; ++i) {
	EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], out_buf_reference[i]);
	EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], out_buf_test[i]);
	}
	}

	TEST_F(UtfTest, ExhaustiveBidirectionalCodePointCheck) {
	for (int codePoint = 0; codePoint <= 0x10ffff; ++codePoint) {
	uint16_t buf[4] = { 0 };
	if (codePoint <= 0xffff) {
	if (codePoint >= 0xd800 && codePoint <= 0xdfff) {
	// According to the Unicode standard, no character will ever
	// be assigned to these code points, and they cannot be encoded
	// into either utf-16 or utf-8.
	continue;
	}
	buf[0] = 'h';
	buf[1] = codePoint;
	buf[2] = 'e';
	testConversions(buf, 2);
	testConversions(buf, 3);
	testConversions(buf + 1, 1);
	testConversions(buf + 1, 2);
	} else {
	buf[0] = 'h';
	codePointToSurrogatePair(codePoint, buf[1], buf[2]);
	buf[3] = 'e';
	testConversions(buf, 2);
	testConversions(buf, 3);
	testConversions(buf, 4);
	testConversions(buf + 1, 1);
	testConversions(buf + 1, 2);
	testConversions(buf + 1, 3);
	}
	}
	}

	} // namespace art