Merge "ART: Logging levels for Checker"
diff --git a/compiler/jni/jni_compiler_test.cc b/compiler/jni/jni_compiler_test.cc
index 281e3fe..f513ea8 100644
--- a/compiler/jni/jni_compiler_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/jni/jni_compiler_test.cc
@@ -973,6 +973,9 @@
 }
 
 void JniCompilerTest::UpcallArgumentTypeChecking_InstanceImpl() {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   SetUpForTest(false, "instanceMethodThatShouldTakeClass", "(ILjava/lang/Class;)V",
                reinterpret_cast<void*>(&Java_MyClassNatives_instanceMethodThatShouldTakeClass));
 
@@ -985,6 +988,9 @@
 JNI_TEST(UpcallArgumentTypeChecking_Instance)
 
 void JniCompilerTest::UpcallArgumentTypeChecking_StaticImpl() {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   SetUpForTest(true, "staticMethodThatShouldTakeClass", "(ILjava/lang/Class;)V",
                reinterpret_cast<void*>(&Java_MyClassNatives_staticMethodThatShouldTakeClass));
 
@@ -1475,6 +1481,9 @@
 JNI_TEST(MaxParamNumber)
 
 void JniCompilerTest::WithoutImplementationImpl() {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   SetUpForTest(false, "withoutImplementation", "()V", nullptr);
 
   env_->CallVoidMethod(jobj_, jmethod_);
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
index 0c1ff9b..9e89070 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
                      + GetGraph()->GetTemporariesVRegSlots()
                      + 1 /* filler */,
                    0, /* the baseline compiler does not have live registers at slow path */
+                   0, /* the baseline compiler does not have live registers at slow path */
                    GetGraph()->GetMaximumNumberOfOutVRegs()
                      + 1 /* current method */);
   GenerateFrameEntry();
@@ -136,14 +137,16 @@
 }
 
 void CodeGenerator::ComputeFrameSize(size_t number_of_spill_slots,
-                                     size_t maximum_number_of_live_registers,
+                                     size_t maximum_number_of_live_core_registers,
+                                     size_t maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers,
                                      size_t number_of_out_slots) {
   first_register_slot_in_slow_path_ = (number_of_out_slots + number_of_spill_slots) * kVRegSize;
 
   SetFrameSize(RoundUp(
       number_of_spill_slots * kVRegSize
       + number_of_out_slots * kVRegSize
-      + maximum_number_of_live_registers * GetWordSize()
+      + maximum_number_of_live_core_registers * GetWordSize()
+      + maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers * GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize()
       + FrameEntrySpillSize(),
       kStackAlignment));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.h b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.h
index 8d28f3d..88e50b6 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.h
@@ -109,9 +109,11 @@
   virtual HGraphVisitor* GetInstructionVisitor() = 0;
   virtual Assembler* GetAssembler() = 0;
   virtual size_t GetWordSize() const = 0;
+  virtual size_t GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize() const = 0;
   virtual uintptr_t GetAddressOf(HBasicBlock* block) const = 0;
   void ComputeFrameSize(size_t number_of_spill_slots,
-                        size_t maximum_number_of_live_registers,
+                        size_t maximum_number_of_live_core_registers,
+                        size_t maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers,
                         size_t number_of_out_slots);
   virtual size_t FrameEntrySpillSize() const = 0;
   int32_t GetStackSlot(HLocal* local) const;
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.h b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.h
index 8b29b15..267d9a2 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.h
@@ -169,6 +169,11 @@
     return kArmWordSize;
   }
 
+  size_t GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize() const OVERRIDE {
+    // Allocated in S registers, which are word sized.
+    return kArmWordSize;
+  }
+
   size_t FrameEntrySpillSize() const OVERRIDE;
 
   HGraphVisitor* GetLocationBuilder() OVERRIDE {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.h b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.h
index e4da07b..590bc1d 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.h
@@ -191,6 +191,11 @@
     return kArm64WordSize;
   }
 
+  size_t GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize() const OVERRIDE {
+    // Allocated in D registers, which are word sized.
+    return kArm64WordSize;
+  }
+
   uintptr_t GetAddressOf(HBasicBlock* block) const OVERRIDE {
     vixl::Label* block_entry_label = GetLabelOf(block);
     DCHECK(block_entry_label->IsBound());
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.h b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.h
index acde122..2d8adb2 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.h
@@ -166,6 +166,11 @@
     return kX86WordSize;
   }
 
+  size_t GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize() const OVERRIDE {
+    // 8 bytes == 2 words for each spill.
+    return 2 * kX86WordSize;
+  }
+
   size_t FrameEntrySpillSize() const OVERRIDE;
 
   HGraphVisitor* GetLocationBuilder() OVERRIDE {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.h b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.h
index 87f6b0f..343fba3 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.h
@@ -169,6 +169,10 @@
     return kX86_64WordSize;
   }
 
+  size_t GetFloatingPointSpillSlotSize() const OVERRIDE {
+    return kX86_64WordSize;
+  }
+
   size_t FrameEntrySpillSize() const OVERRIDE;
 
   HGraphVisitor* GetLocationBuilder() OVERRIDE {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.cc b/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.cc
index 1efc52b..d2f4f9b 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.cc
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
         blocked_core_registers_(codegen->GetBlockedCoreRegisters()),
         blocked_fp_registers_(codegen->GetBlockedFloatingPointRegisters()),
         reserved_out_slots_(0),
-        maximum_number_of_live_registers_(0) {
+        maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_(0),
+        maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_(0) {
   codegen->SetupBlockedRegisters();
   physical_core_register_intervals_.SetSize(codegen->GetNumberOfCoreRegisters());
   physical_fp_register_intervals_.SetSize(codegen->GetNumberOfFloatingPointRegisters());
@@ -185,9 +186,6 @@
   }
   LinearScan();
 
-  size_t saved_maximum_number_of_live_registers = maximum_number_of_live_registers_;
-  maximum_number_of_live_registers_ = 0;
-
   inactive_.Reset();
   active_.Reset();
   handled_.Reset();
@@ -207,7 +205,6 @@
     }
   }
   LinearScan();
-  maximum_number_of_live_registers_ += saved_maximum_number_of_live_registers;
 }
 
 void RegisterAllocator::ProcessInstruction(HInstruction* instruction) {
@@ -602,8 +599,13 @@
     if (current->IsSlowPathSafepoint()) {
       // Synthesized interval to record the maximum number of live registers
       // at safepoints. No need to allocate a register for it.
-      maximum_number_of_live_registers_ =
-          std::max(maximum_number_of_live_registers_, active_.Size());
+      if (processing_core_registers_) {
+        maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_ =
+          std::max(maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_, active_.Size());
+      } else {
+        maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_ =
+          std::max(maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_, active_.Size());
+      }
       DCHECK(unhandled_->IsEmpty() || unhandled_->Peek()->GetStart() > current->GetStart());
       continue;
     }
@@ -1255,8 +1257,9 @@
       switch (source.GetKind()) {
         case Location::kRegister: {
           locations->AddLiveRegister(source);
-          DCHECK_LE(locations->GetNumberOfLiveRegisters(), maximum_number_of_live_registers_);
-
+          DCHECK_LE(locations->GetNumberOfLiveRegisters(),
+                    maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_ +
+                    maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_);
           if (current->GetType() == Primitive::kPrimNot) {
             locations->SetRegisterBit(source.reg());
           }
@@ -1349,7 +1352,8 @@
 
 void RegisterAllocator::Resolve() {
   codegen_->ComputeFrameSize(
-      spill_slots_.Size(), maximum_number_of_live_registers_, reserved_out_slots_);
+      spill_slots_.Size(), maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_,
+      maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_, reserved_out_slots_);
 
   // Adjust the Out Location of instructions.
   // TODO: Use pointers of Location inside LiveInterval to avoid doing another iteration.
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.h b/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.h
index c152a8b..70841b8 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/register_allocator.h
@@ -190,8 +190,11 @@
   // Slots reserved for out arguments.
   size_t reserved_out_slots_;
 
-  // The maximum live registers at safepoints.
-  size_t maximum_number_of_live_registers_;
+  // The maximum live core registers at safepoints.
+  size_t maximum_number_of_live_core_registers_;
+
+  // The maximum live FP registers at safepoints.
+  size_t maximum_number_of_live_fp_registers_;
 
   ART_FRIEND_TEST(RegisterAllocatorTest, FreeUntil);
 
diff --git a/compiler/utils/x86_64/assembler_x86_64_test.cc b/compiler/utils/x86_64/assembler_x86_64_test.cc
index b8d724d..e93f45c 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/x86_64/assembler_x86_64_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/utils/x86_64/assembler_x86_64_test.cc
@@ -330,7 +330,6 @@
     assembler->shlq(*reg, shifter);
     str << "shlq %cl, %" << assembler_test->GetRegisterName(*reg) << "\n";
   }
-  printf("%s\n", str.str().c_str());
 
   return str.str();
 }
diff --git a/runtime/arch/stub_test.cc b/runtime/arch/stub_test.cc
index 285007c..986b7ec 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/stub_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/arch/stub_test.cc
@@ -799,6 +799,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(StubTest, UnlockObject) {
+  // This will lead to monitor error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   TestUnlockObject(this);
 }
 
@@ -992,6 +995,9 @@
   TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();
 
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
+  // This will lead to OOM  error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   // TODO: Check the "Unresolved" allocation stubs
 
   Thread* self = Thread::Current();
@@ -1116,6 +1122,9 @@
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
   // TODO: Check the "Unresolved" allocation stubs
 
+  // This will lead to OOM  error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   Thread* self = Thread::Current();
   // Create an object
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
diff --git a/runtime/base/logging.cc b/runtime/base/logging.cc
index f3e0918..0764b87 100644
--- a/runtime/base/logging.cc
+++ b/runtime/base/logging.cc
@@ -303,4 +303,13 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+ScopedLogSeverity::ScopedLogSeverity(LogSeverity level) {
+  old_ = gMinimumLogSeverity;
+  gMinimumLogSeverity = level;
+}
+
+ScopedLogSeverity::~ScopedLogSeverity() {
+  gMinimumLogSeverity = old_;
+}
+
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/base/logging.h b/runtime/base/logging.h
index ae83e33..cc1a4a1 100644
--- a/runtime/base/logging.h
+++ b/runtime/base/logging.h
@@ -254,6 +254,16 @@
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LogMessage);
 };
 
+// Allows to temporarily change the minimum severity level for logging.
+class ScopedLogSeverity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedLogSeverity(LogSeverity level);
+  ~ScopedLogSeverity();
+
+ private:
+  LogSeverity old_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace art
 
 #endif  // ART_RUNTIME_BASE_LOGGING_H_
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index 438cebf..377a3c3 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -4486,6 +4486,171 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+static void CountMethodsAndFields(ClassDataItemIterator& dex_data,
+                                  size_t* virtual_methods,
+                                  size_t* direct_methods,
+                                  size_t* static_fields,
+                                  size_t* instance_fields) {
+  *virtual_methods = *direct_methods = *static_fields = *instance_fields = 0;
+
+  while (dex_data.HasNextStaticField()) {
+    dex_data.Next();
+    (*static_fields)++;
+  }
+  while (dex_data.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+    dex_data.Next();
+    (*instance_fields)++;
+  }
+  while (dex_data.HasNextDirectMethod()) {
+    (*direct_methods)++;
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+  while (dex_data.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+    (*virtual_methods)++;
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+  DCHECK(!dex_data.HasNext());
+}
+
+static void DumpClass(std::ostream& os,
+                      const DexFile& dex_file, const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def,
+                      const char* suffix) {
+  ClassDataItemIterator dex_data(dex_file, dex_file.GetClassData(dex_class_def));
+  os << dex_file.GetClassDescriptor(dex_class_def) << suffix << ":\n";
+  os << " Static fields:\n";
+  while (dex_data.HasNextStaticField()) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId& id = dex_file.GetFieldId(dex_data.GetMemberIndex());
+    os << "  " << dex_file.GetFieldTypeDescriptor(id) << " " << dex_file.GetFieldName(id) << "\n";
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+  os << " Instance fields:\n";
+  while (dex_data.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+    const DexFile::FieldId& id = dex_file.GetFieldId(dex_data.GetMemberIndex());
+    os << "  " << dex_file.GetFieldTypeDescriptor(id) << " " << dex_file.GetFieldName(id) << "\n";
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+  os << " Direct methods:\n";
+  while (dex_data.HasNextDirectMethod()) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId& id = dex_file.GetMethodId(dex_data.GetMemberIndex());
+    os << "  " << dex_file.GetMethodName(id) << dex_file.GetMethodSignature(id).ToString() << "\n";
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+  os << " Virtual methods:\n";
+  while (dex_data.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+    const DexFile::MethodId& id = dex_file.GetMethodId(dex_data.GetMemberIndex());
+    os << "  " << dex_file.GetMethodName(id) << dex_file.GetMethodSignature(id).ToString() << "\n";
+    dex_data.Next();
+  }
+}
+
+static std::string DumpClasses(const DexFile& dex_file1, const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def1,
+                               const DexFile& dex_file2, const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def2) {
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  DumpClass(os, dex_file1, dex_class_def1, " (Compile time)");
+  DumpClass(os, dex_file2, dex_class_def2, " (Runtime)");
+  return os.str();
+}
+
+
+// Very simple structural check on whether the classes match. Only compares the number of
+// methods and fields.
+static bool SimpleStructuralCheck(const DexFile& dex_file1, const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def1,
+                                  const DexFile& dex_file2, const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def2,
+                                  std::string* error_msg) {
+  ClassDataItemIterator dex_data1(dex_file1, dex_file1.GetClassData(dex_class_def1));
+  ClassDataItemIterator dex_data2(dex_file2, dex_file2.GetClassData(dex_class_def2));
+
+  // Counters for current dex file.
+  size_t dex_virtual_methods1, dex_direct_methods1, dex_static_fields1, dex_instance_fields1;
+  CountMethodsAndFields(dex_data1, &dex_virtual_methods1, &dex_direct_methods1, &dex_static_fields1,
+                        &dex_instance_fields1);
+  // Counters for compile-time dex file.
+  size_t dex_virtual_methods2, dex_direct_methods2, dex_static_fields2, dex_instance_fields2;
+  CountMethodsAndFields(dex_data2, &dex_virtual_methods2, &dex_direct_methods2, &dex_static_fields2,
+                        &dex_instance_fields2);
+
+  if (dex_virtual_methods1 != dex_virtual_methods2) {
+    std::string class_dump = DumpClasses(dex_file1, dex_class_def1, dex_file2, dex_class_def2);
+    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Virtual method count off: %zu vs %zu\n%s", dex_virtual_methods1,
+                              dex_virtual_methods2, class_dump.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (dex_direct_methods1 != dex_direct_methods2) {
+    std::string class_dump = DumpClasses(dex_file1, dex_class_def1, dex_file2, dex_class_def2);
+    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Direct method count off: %zu vs %zu\n%s", dex_direct_methods1,
+                              dex_direct_methods2, class_dump.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (dex_static_fields1 != dex_static_fields2) {
+    std::string class_dump = DumpClasses(dex_file1, dex_class_def1, dex_file2, dex_class_def2);
+    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Static field count off: %zu vs %zu\n%s", dex_static_fields1,
+                              dex_static_fields2, class_dump.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (dex_instance_fields1 != dex_instance_fields2) {
+    std::string class_dump = DumpClasses(dex_file1, dex_class_def1, dex_file2, dex_class_def2);
+    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Instance field count off: %zu vs %zu\n%s", dex_instance_fields1,
+                              dex_instance_fields2, class_dump.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Checks whether a the super-class changed from what we had at compile-time. This would
+// invalidate quickening.
+static bool CheckSuperClassChange(Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
+                                  const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                  const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def,
+                                  mirror::Class* super_class)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  // Check for unexpected changes in the superclass.
+  // Quick check 1) is the super_class class-loader the boot class loader? This always has
+  // precedence.
+  if (super_class->GetClassLoader() != nullptr &&
+      // Quick check 2) different dex cache? Breaks can only occur for different dex files,
+      // which is implied by different dex cache.
+      klass->GetDexCache() != super_class->GetDexCache()) {
+    // Now comes the expensive part: things can be broken if (a) the klass' dex file has a
+    // definition for the super-class, and (b) the files are in separate oat files. The oat files
+    // are referenced from the dex file, so do (b) first. Only relevant if we have oat files.
+    const OatFile* class_oat_file = dex_file.GetOatFile();
+    if (class_oat_file != nullptr) {
+      const OatFile* loaded_super_oat_file = super_class->GetDexFile().GetOatFile();
+      if (loaded_super_oat_file != nullptr && class_oat_file != loaded_super_oat_file) {
+        // Now check (a).
+        const DexFile::ClassDef* super_class_def = dex_file.FindClassDef(class_def.superclass_idx_);
+        if (super_class_def != nullptr) {
+          // Uh-oh, we found something. Do our check.
+          std::string error_msg;
+          if (!SimpleStructuralCheck(dex_file, *super_class_def,
+                                     super_class->GetDexFile(), *super_class->GetClassDef(),
+                                     &error_msg)) {
+            // Print a warning to the log. This exception might be caught, e.g., as common in test
+            // drivers. When the class is later tried to be used, we re-throw a new instance, as we
+            // only save the type of the exception.
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Incompatible structural change detected: " <<
+                StringPrintf(
+                    "Structural change of %s is hazardous (%s at compile time, %s at runtime): %s",
+                    PrettyType(super_class_def->class_idx_, dex_file).c_str(),
+                    class_oat_file->GetLocation().c_str(),
+                    loaded_super_oat_file->GetLocation().c_str(),
+                    error_msg.c_str());
+            ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeError(klass.Get(),
+                "Structural change of %s is hazardous (%s at compile time, %s at runtime): %s",
+                PrettyType(super_class_def->class_idx_, dex_file).c_str(),
+                class_oat_file->GetLocation().c_str(),
+                loaded_super_oat_file->GetLocation().c_str(),
+                error_msg.c_str());
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool ClassLinker::LoadSuperAndInterfaces(Handle<mirror::Class> klass, const DexFile& dex_file) {
   CHECK_EQ(mirror::Class::kStatusIdx, klass->GetStatus());
   const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file.GetClassDef(klass->GetDexClassDefIndex());
@@ -4505,6 +4670,11 @@
     }
     CHECK(super_class->IsResolved());
     klass->SetSuperClass(super_class);
+
+    if (!CheckSuperClassChange(klass, dex_file, class_def, super_class)) {
+      DCHECK(Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
+      return false;
+    }
   }
   const DexFile::TypeList* interfaces = dex_file.GetInterfacesList(class_def);
   if (interfaces != nullptr) {
diff --git a/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc b/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
index e017699..d48ac9d 100644
--- a/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <ScopedLocalRef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include "../../external/icu/icu4c/source/common/unicode/uvernum.h"
 #include "base/macros.h"
@@ -43,6 +44,11 @@
 #include "well_known_classes.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  // Gtests can be very noisy. For example, an executable with multiple tests will trigger native
+  // bridge warnings. The following line reduces the minimum log severity to ERROR and suppresses
+  // everything else. In case you want to see all messages, comment out the line.
+  setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:e", 1);
+
   art::InitLogging(argv);
   LOG(::art::INFO) << "Running main() from common_runtime_test.cc...";
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
diff --git a/runtime/dex_file.cc b/runtime/dex_file.cc
index 3f6175f..dc85f6c 100644
--- a/runtime/dex_file.cc
+++ b/runtime/dex_file.cc
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@
                     location,
                     location_checksum,
                     mem_map,
+                    nullptr,
                     error_msg);
 }
 
@@ -337,9 +338,12 @@
                                                    size_t size,
                                                    const std::string& location,
                                                    uint32_t location_checksum,
-                                                   MemMap* mem_map, std::string* error_msg) {
+                                                   MemMap* mem_map,
+                                                   const OatFile* oat_file,
+                                                   std::string* error_msg) {
   CHECK_ALIGNED(base, 4);  // various dex file structures must be word aligned
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(new DexFile(base, size, location, location_checksum, mem_map));
+  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(
+      new DexFile(base, size, location, location_checksum, mem_map, oat_file));
   if (!dex_file->Init(error_msg)) {
     dex_file.reset();
   }
@@ -349,7 +353,8 @@
 DexFile::DexFile(const uint8_t* base, size_t size,
                  const std::string& location,
                  uint32_t location_checksum,
-                 MemMap* mem_map)
+                 MemMap* mem_map,
+                 const OatFile* oat_file)
     : begin_(base),
       size_(size),
       location_(location),
@@ -363,7 +368,8 @@
       proto_ids_(reinterpret_cast<const ProtoId*>(base + header_->proto_ids_off_)),
       class_defs_(reinterpret_cast<const ClassDef*>(base + header_->class_defs_off_)),
       find_class_def_misses_(0),
-      class_def_index_(nullptr) {
+      class_def_index_(nullptr),
+      oat_file_(oat_file) {
   CHECK(begin_ != NULL) << GetLocation();
   CHECK_GT(size_, 0U) << GetLocation();
 }
diff --git a/runtime/dex_file.h b/runtime/dex_file.h
index 019c8e6..9b8f254 100644
--- a/runtime/dex_file.h
+++ b/runtime/dex_file.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 }  // namespace mirror
 class ClassLinker;
 class MemMap;
+class OatFile;
 class Signature;
 template<class T> class Handle;
 class StringPiece;
@@ -391,8 +392,9 @@
   static std::unique_ptr<const DexFile> Open(const uint8_t* base, size_t size,
                                              const std::string& location,
                                              uint32_t location_checksum,
+                                             const OatFile* oat_file,
                                              std::string* error_msg) {
-    return OpenMemory(base, size, location, location_checksum, NULL, error_msg);
+    return OpenMemory(base, size, location, location_checksum, NULL, oat_file, error_msg);
   }
 
   // Open all classesXXX.dex files from a zip archive.
@@ -891,6 +893,10 @@
   //     the dex_location where it's file name part has been made canonical.
   static std::string GetDexCanonicalLocation(const char* dex_location);
 
+  const OatFile* GetOatFile() const {
+    return oat_file_;
+  }
+
  private:
   // Opens a .dex file
   static std::unique_ptr<const DexFile> OpenFile(int fd, const char* location,
@@ -927,12 +933,14 @@
                                                    const std::string& location,
                                                    uint32_t location_checksum,
                                                    MemMap* mem_map,
+                                                   const OatFile* oat_file,
                                                    std::string* error_msg);
 
   DexFile(const uint8_t* base, size_t size,
           const std::string& location,
           uint32_t location_checksum,
-          MemMap* mem_map);
+          MemMap* mem_map,
+          const OatFile* oat_file);
 
   // Top-level initializer that calls other Init methods.
   bool Init(std::string* error_msg);
@@ -1015,6 +1023,10 @@
   };
   typedef HashMap<const char*, const ClassDef*, UTF16EmptyFn, UTF16HashCmp, UTF16HashCmp> Index;
   mutable Atomic<Index*> class_def_index_;
+
+  // The oat file this dex file was loaded from. May be null in case the dex file is not coming
+  // from an oat file, e.g., directly from an apk.
+  const OatFile* oat_file_;
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const DexFile& dex_file);
 
diff --git a/runtime/gc/space/space_test.h b/runtime/gc/space/space_test.h
index 9f39b80..09d10dd 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/space/space_test.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/space/space_test.h
@@ -127,6 +127,9 @@
 }
 
 void SpaceTest::InitTestBody(CreateSpaceFn create_space) {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   {
     // Init < max == growth
     std::unique_ptr<Space> space(create_space("test", 16 * MB, 32 * MB, 32 * MB, nullptr));
diff --git a/runtime/indirect_reference_table_test.cc b/runtime/indirect_reference_table_test.cc
index 99ee597..1156cf5 100644
--- a/runtime/indirect_reference_table_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/indirect_reference_table_test.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(IndirectReferenceTableTest, BasicTest) {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
   static const size_t kTableInitial = 10;
   static const size_t kTableMax = 20;
diff --git a/runtime/jni_internal_test.cc b/runtime/jni_internal_test.cc
index 8e32968..906aa4c 100644
--- a/runtime/jni_internal_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/jni_internal_test.cc
@@ -634,6 +634,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, FindClass) {
+  // This tests leads to warnings in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::ERROR);
+
   FindClassTest(false);
   FindClassTest(true);
 }
@@ -890,40 +893,44 @@
   // Sanity check that no exceptions are pending.
   ASSERT_FALSE(env_->ExceptionCheck());
 
-  // Check that registering method without name causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+  // The following can print errors to the log we'd like to ignore.
   {
-    JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { nullptr, "()V", native_function } };
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
-  }
-  ExpectException(jlnsme);
+    ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+    // Check that registering method without name causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+    {
+      JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { nullptr, "()V", native_function } };
+      EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    }
+    ExpectException(jlnsme);
 
-  // Check that registering method without signature causes a NoSuchMethodError.
-  {
-    JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "notify", nullptr, native_function } };
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
-  }
-  ExpectException(jlnsme);
+    // Check that registering method without signature causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+    {
+      JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "notify", nullptr, native_function } };
+      EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    }
+    ExpectException(jlnsme);
 
-  // Check that registering method without function causes a NoSuchMethodError.
-  {
-    JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "notify", "()V", nullptr } };
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
-  }
-  ExpectException(jlnsme);
+    // Check that registering method without function causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+    {
+      JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "notify", "()V", nullptr } };
+      EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    }
+    ExpectException(jlnsme);
 
-  // Check that registering to a non-existent java.lang.Object.foo() causes a NoSuchMethodError.
-  {
-    JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "foo", "()V", native_function } };
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
-  }
-  ExpectException(jlnsme);
+    // Check that registering to a non-existent java.lang.Object.foo() causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+    {
+      JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "foo", "()V", native_function } };
+      EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    }
+    ExpectException(jlnsme);
 
-  // Check that registering non-native methods causes a NoSuchMethodError.
-  {
-    JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", native_function } };
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    // Check that registering non-native methods causes a NoSuchMethodError.
+    {
+      JNINativeMethod methods[] = { { "equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", native_function } };
+      EXPECT_EQ(env_->RegisterNatives(jlobject, methods, 1), JNI_ERR);
+    }
+    ExpectException(jlnsme);
   }
-  ExpectException(jlnsme);
 
   // Check that registering native methods is successful.
   {
@@ -1707,6 +1714,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, DeleteLocalRef) {
+  // This tests leads to warnings and errors in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   jstring s = env_->NewStringUTF("");
   ASSERT_NE(s, nullptr);
   env_->DeleteLocalRef(s);
@@ -1743,6 +1753,9 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(JNI_OK, env_->PushLocalFrame(0));
   env_->PopLocalFrame(nullptr);
 
+  // The following two tests will print errors to the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   // Negative capacities are not allowed.
   ASSERT_EQ(JNI_ERR, env_->PushLocalFrame(-1));
 
@@ -1751,6 +1764,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, PushLocalFrame_PopLocalFrame) {
+  // This tests leads to errors in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   jobject original = env_->NewStringUTF("");
   ASSERT_NE(original, nullptr);
 
@@ -1815,6 +1831,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, DeleteGlobalRef) {
+  // This tests leads to warnings and errors in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   jstring s = env_->NewStringUTF("");
   ASSERT_NE(s, nullptr);
 
@@ -1865,6 +1884,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, DeleteWeakGlobalRef) {
+  // This tests leads to warnings and errors in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   jstring s = env_->NewStringUTF("");
   ASSERT_NE(s, nullptr);
 
@@ -1989,6 +2011,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JniInternalTest, MonitorEnterExit) {
+  // This will print some error messages. Suppress.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   // Create an object to torture.
   jclass object_class = env_->FindClass("java/lang/Object");
   ASSERT_NE(object_class, nullptr);
diff --git a/runtime/monitor_test.cc b/runtime/monitor_test.cc
index adc7848..6d1e721 100644
--- a/runtime/monitor_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/monitor_test.cc
@@ -356,6 +356,8 @@
 TEST_F(MonitorTest, CheckExceptionsWait1) {
   // Make the CreateTask wait 10ms, the UseTask wait 10ms.
   // => The use task will get the lock first and get to self == owner check.
+  // This will lead to OOM and monitor error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
   CommonWaitSetup(this, class_linker_, 10, 50, false, false, 2, 50, true,
                   "Monitor test thread pool 1");
 }
@@ -364,6 +366,8 @@
 TEST_F(MonitorTest, CheckExceptionsWait2) {
   // Make the CreateTask wait 0ms, the UseTask wait 10ms.
   // => The create task will get the lock first and get to ms >= 0
+  // This will lead to OOM and monitor error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
   CommonWaitSetup(this, class_linker_, 0, -1, true, false, 10, 50, true,
                   "Monitor test thread pool 2");
 }
@@ -373,6 +377,8 @@
   // Make the CreateTask wait 0ms, then Wait for a long time. Make the InterruptTask wait 10ms,
   // after which it will interrupt the create task and then wait another 10ms.
   // => The create task will get to the interrupted-exception throw.
+  // This will lead to OOM and monitor error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
   CommonWaitSetup(this, class_linker_, 0, 500, true, true, 10, 50, true,
                   "Monitor test thread pool 3");
 }
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file.cc b/runtime/oat_file.cc
index 358519b..9061bb3 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file.cc
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
 
 std::unique_ptr<const DexFile> OatFile::OatDexFile::OpenDexFile(std::string* error_msg) const {
   return DexFile::Open(dex_file_pointer_, FileSize(), dex_file_location_,
-                       dex_file_location_checksum_, error_msg);
+                       dex_file_location_checksum_, GetOatFile(), error_msg);
 }
 
 uint32_t OatFile::OatDexFile::GetOatClassOffset(uint16_t class_def_index) const {
diff --git a/runtime/runtime_linux.cc b/runtime/runtime_linux.cc
index a0adcd1..35d944f 100644
--- a/runtime/runtime_linux.cc
+++ b/runtime/runtime_linux.cc
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "base/dumpable.h"
 #include "base/logging.h"
+#include "base/macros.h"
 #include "base/mutex.h"
 #include "base/stringprintf.h"
 #include "thread-inl.h"
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
 namespace art {
 
 static constexpr bool kDumpHeapObjectOnSigsevg = false;
+static constexpr bool kUseSigRTTimeout = true;
 
 struct Backtrace {
  public:
@@ -284,8 +286,15 @@
   mcontext_t& context;
 };
 
+// Return the signal number we recognize as timeout. -1 means not active/supported.
 static int GetTimeoutSignal() {
-  return SIGRTMIN + 2;
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+  // Mac does not support realtime signals.
+  UNUSED(kUseSigRTTimeout);
+  return -1;
+#else
+  return kUseSigRTTimeout ? (SIGRTMIN + 2) : -1;
+#endif
 }
 
 static bool IsTimeoutSignal(int signal_number) {
@@ -392,7 +401,9 @@
 #endif
   rc += sigaction(SIGTRAP, &action, NULL);
   // Special dump-all timeout.
-  rc += sigaction(GetTimeoutSignal(), &action, NULL);
+  if (GetTimeoutSignal() != -1) {
+    rc += sigaction(GetTimeoutSignal(), &action, NULL);
+  }
   CHECK_EQ(rc, 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/runtime/utils_test.cc b/runtime/utils_test.cc
index a98bc90..a3dd13c 100644
--- a/runtime/utils_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/utils_test.cc
@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UtilsTest, ExecError) {
+  // This will lead to error messages in the log.
+  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);
+
   std::vector<std::string> command;
   command.push_back("bogus");
   std::string error_msg;
diff --git a/test/114-ParallelGC/src/Main.java b/test/114-ParallelGC/src/Main.java
index 8e2519d..963fdac 100644
--- a/test/114-ParallelGC/src/Main.java
+++ b/test/114-ParallelGC/src/Main.java
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@
 
 public class Main implements Runnable {
 
-    public final static long TIMEOUT_VALUE = 5;  // Timeout in minutes.
+    // Timeout in minutes. Make it larger than the run-test timeout to get a native thread dump by
+    // ART on timeout when running on the host.
+    public final static long TIMEOUT_VALUE = 7;
+
     public final static long MAX_SIZE = 1000;  // Maximum size of array-list to allocate.
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/build b/test/131-structural-change/build
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7ddc81d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/build
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Stop if something fails.
+set -e
+
+mkdir classes
+${JAVAC} -d classes `find src -name '*.java'`
+
+mkdir classes-ex
+${JAVAC} -d classes-ex `find src-ex -name '*.java'`
+
+if [ ${NEED_DEX} = "true" ]; then
+  ${DX} -JXmx256m --debug --dex --dump-to=classes.lst --output=classes.dex --dump-width=1000 classes
+  zip $TEST_NAME.jar classes.dex
+  ${DX} -JXmx256m --debug --dex --dump-to=classes-ex.lst --output=classes.dex --dump-width=1000 classes-ex
+  zip ${TEST_NAME}-ex.jar classes.dex
+fi
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/expected.txt b/test/131-structural-change/expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc7713d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Should really reach here.
+Done.
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/info.txt b/test/131-structural-change/info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d5817b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/info.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Check whether a structural change in a (non-native) multi-dex scenario is detected.
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/run b/test/131-structural-change/run
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..63fdb8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/run
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Use secondary switch to add secondary dex file to class path.
+exec ${RUN} "${@}" --secondary
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/A.java b/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/A.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..800347b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/A.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public class A {
+    public void bar() {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/B.java b/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/B.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61369db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/src-ex/B.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public class B extends A {
+    public void test() {
+        System.out.println("Should not reach this!");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/src/A.java b/test/131-structural-change/src/A.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b07de58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/src/A.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public class A {
+    public void foo() {
+    }
+
+    public void bar() {
+    }
+
+    public void baz() {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/131-structural-change/src/Main.java b/test/131-structural-change/src/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfa280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/131-structural-change/src/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/**
+ * Structural hazard test.
+ */
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        new Main().run();
+    }
+
+    private void run() {
+        try {
+            Class<?> bClass = getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass("A");
+            System.out.println("Should really reach here.");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
+        }
+
+        boolean haveOatFile = hasOat();
+        boolean gotError = false;
+        try {
+            Class<?> bClass = getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass("B");
+        } catch (IncompatibleClassChangeError icce) {
+            gotError = true;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
+        }
+        if (haveOatFile ^ gotError) {
+            System.out.println("Did not get expected error.");
+        }
+        System.out.println("Done.");
+    }
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("arttest");
+    }
+
+    private native static boolean hasOat();
+}
diff --git a/test/Android.run-test.mk b/test/Android.run-test.mk
index dc4ec66..04c590e 100644
--- a/test/Android.run-test.mk
+++ b/test/Android.run-test.mk
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@
   117-nopatchoat \
   118-noimage-dex2oat \
   119-noimage-patchoat \
+  131-structural-change \
 
 ifneq (,$(filter ndebug,$(RUN_TYPES)))
   ART_TEST_KNOWN_BROKEN += $(call all-run-test-names,$(TARGET_TYPES),ndebug,$(PREBUILD_TYPES), \