runtime/native/dalvik_system_VMRuntime.cc - platform/art - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include <limits.h>

 #include "class_linker-inl.h"
 #include "common_throws.h"
 #include "debugger.h"
 #include "dex_file-inl.h"
 #include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
 #include "gc/allocator/dlmalloc.h"
 #include "gc/heap.h"
 #include "gc/space/dlmalloc_space.h"
 #include "intern_table.h"
 #include "jni_internal.h"
 #include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/class-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/dex_cache-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object-inl.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
 #include "scoped_fast_native_object_access.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
 #include "thread.h"
 #include "thread_list.h"
 #include "toStringArray.h"

 namespace art {

 static jfloat VMRuntime_getTargetHeapUtilization(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
   return Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetTargetHeapUtilization();
 }

 static void VMRuntime_nativeSetTargetHeapUtilization(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfloat target) {
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->SetTargetHeapUtilization(target);
 }

 static void VMRuntime_startJitCompilation(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
 }

 static void VMRuntime_disableJitCompilation(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
 }

 static jobject VMRuntime_newNonMovableArray(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jclass javaElementClass,
                                             jint length) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   if (UNLIKELY(length < 0)) {
     ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(length);
     return nullptr;
   }
   mirror::Class* element_class = soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(javaElementClass);
   if (UNLIKELY(element_class == nullptr)) {
     ThrowNullPointerException(NULL, "element class == null");
     return nullptr;
   }
   Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
   mirror::Class* array_class =
       runtime->GetClassLinker()->FindArrayClass(soa.Self(), &element_class);
   if (UNLIKELY(array_class == nullptr)) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   gc::AllocatorType allocator = runtime->GetHeap()->GetCurrentNonMovingAllocator();
   mirror::Array* result = mirror::Array::Alloc<true>(soa.Self(), array_class, length,
                                                      array_class->GetComponentSize(), allocator);
   return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(result);
 }

 static jobject VMRuntime_newUnpaddedArray(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jclass javaElementClass,
                                           jint length) {
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   if (UNLIKELY(length < 0)) {
     ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(length);
     return nullptr;
   }
   mirror::Class* element_class = soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(javaElementClass);
   if (UNLIKELY(element_class == nullptr)) {
     ThrowNullPointerException(NULL, "element class == null");
     return nullptr;
   }
   Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
   mirror::Class* array_class = runtime->GetClassLinker()->FindArrayClass(soa.Self(), &element_class);
   if (UNLIKELY(array_class == nullptr)) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   gc::AllocatorType allocator = runtime->GetHeap()->GetCurrentAllocator();
   mirror::Array* result = mirror::Array::Alloc<true>(soa.Self(), array_class, length,
                                                      array_class->GetComponentSize(), allocator,
                                                      true);
   return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(result);
 }

 static jlong VMRuntime_addressOf(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jobject javaArray) {
   if (javaArray == NULL) {  // Most likely allocation failed
     return 0;
   }
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
   mirror::Array* array = soa.Decode<mirror::Array*>(javaArray);
   if (!array->IsArrayInstance()) {
     ThrowIllegalArgumentException(NULL, "not an array");
     return 0;
   }
   if (Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->IsMovableObject(array)) {
     ThrowRuntimeException("Trying to get address of movable array object");
     return 0;
   }
   return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(array->GetRawData(array->GetClass()->GetComponentSize(), 0));
 }

 static void VMRuntime_clearGrowthLimit(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->ClearGrowthLimit();
 }

 static jboolean VMRuntime_isDebuggerActive(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
   return Dbg::IsDebuggerActive();
 }

 static jobjectArray VMRuntime_properties(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return toStringArray(env, Runtime::Current()->GetProperties());
 }

 // This is for backward compatibility with dalvik which returned the
 // meaningless "." when no boot classpath or classpath was
 // specified. Unfortunately, some tests were using java.class.path to
 // lookup relative file locations, so they are counting on this to be
 // ".", presumably some applications or libraries could have as well.
 static const char* DefaultToDot(const std::string& class_path) {
   return class_path.empty() ? "." : class_path.c_str();
 }

 static jstring VMRuntime_bootClassPath(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return env->NewStringUTF(DefaultToDot(Runtime::Current()->GetBootClassPathString()));
 }

 static jstring VMRuntime_classPath(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return env->NewStringUTF(DefaultToDot(Runtime::Current()->GetClassPathString()));
 }

 static jstring VMRuntime_vmVersion(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return env->NewStringUTF(Runtime::GetVersion());
 }

 static jstring VMRuntime_vmLibrary(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return env->NewStringUTF(kIsDebugBuild ? "libartd.so" : "libart.so");
 }

 static jstring VMRuntime_vmInstructionSet(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   InstructionSet isa = Runtime::Current()->GetInstructionSet();
   const char* isa_string = GetInstructionSetString(isa);
   return env->NewStringUTF(isa_string);
 }

 static jboolean VMRuntime_is64Bit(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   bool is64BitMode = (sizeof(void*) == sizeof(uint64_t));
   return is64BitMode ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE;
 }

 static jboolean VMRuntime_isCheckJniEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   return Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM()->IsCheckJniEnabled() ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE;
 }

 static void VMRuntime_setTargetSdkVersionNative(JNIEnv*, jobject, jint target_sdk_version) {
   // This is the target SDK version of the app we're about to run. It is intended that this a place
   // where workarounds can be enabled.
   // Note that targetSdkVersion may be CUR_DEVELOPMENT (10000).
   // Note that targetSdkVersion may be 0, meaning "current".
   Runtime::Current()->SetTargetSdkVersion(target_sdk_version);
 }

 static void VMRuntime_registerNativeAllocation(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint bytes) {
   if (UNLIKELY(bytes < 0)) {
     ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);
     ThrowRuntimeException("allocation size negative %d", bytes);
     return;
   }
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->RegisterNativeAllocation(env, bytes);
 }

 static void VMRuntime_registerNativeFree(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint bytes) {
   if (UNLIKELY(bytes < 0)) {
     ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);
     ThrowRuntimeException("allocation size negative %d", bytes);
     return;
   }
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->RegisterNativeFree(env, bytes);
 }

 static void VMRuntime_updateProcessState(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint process_state) {
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->UpdateProcessState(static_cast<gc::ProcessState>(process_state));
   Runtime::Current()->UpdateProfilerState(process_state);
 }

 static void VMRuntime_trimHeap(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->DoPendingTransitionOrTrim();
 }

 static void VMRuntime_concurrentGC(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->ConcurrentGC(ThreadForEnv(env));
 }

 typedef std::map<std::string, mirror::String*> StringTable;

 static void PreloadDexCachesStringsCallback(mirror::Object** root, void* arg,
                                             uint32_t /*thread_id*/, RootType /*root_type*/)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   StringTable& table = *reinterpret_cast<StringTable*>(arg);
   mirror::String* string = const_cast<mirror::Object*>(*root)->AsString();
   table[string->ToModifiedUtf8()] = string;
 }

 // Based on ClassLinker::ResolveString.
 static void PreloadDexCachesResolveString(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t string_idx,
                                           StringTable& strings)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   mirror::String* string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(string_idx);
   if (string != NULL) {
     return;
   }
   const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   const char* utf8 = dex_file->StringDataByIdx(string_idx);
   string = strings[utf8];
   if (string == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved string=" << utf8;
   dex_cache->SetResolvedString(string_idx, string);
 }

 // Based on ClassLinker::ResolveType.
 static void PreloadDexCachesResolveType(mirror::DexCache* dex_cache, uint32_t type_idx)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
   if (klass != NULL) {
     return;
   }
   const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   const char* class_name = dex_file->StringByTypeIdx(type_idx);
   ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
   if (class_name[1] == '\0') {
     klass = linker->FindPrimitiveClass(class_name[0]);
   } else {
     klass = linker->LookupClass(class_name, NULL);
   }
   if (klass == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved klass=" << class_name;
   dex_cache->SetResolvedType(type_idx, klass);
   // Skip uninitialized classes because filled static storage entry implies it is initialized.
   if (!klass->IsInitialized()) {
     // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches uninitialized klass=" << class_name;
     return;
   }
   // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches static storage klass=" << class_name;
 }

 // Based on ClassLinker::ResolveField.
 static void PreloadDexCachesResolveField(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t field_idx,
                                          bool is_static)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   mirror::ArtField* field = dex_cache->GetResolvedField(field_idx);
   if (field != NULL) {
     return;
   }
   const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   const DexFile::FieldId& field_id = dex_file->GetFieldId(field_idx);
   Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
   StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
   Handle<mirror::Class> klass(hs.NewHandle(dex_cache->GetResolvedType(field_id.class_idx_)));
   if (klass.Get() == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   if (is_static) {
     field = mirror::Class::FindStaticField(self, klass, dex_cache.Get(), field_idx);
   } else {
     field = klass->FindInstanceField(dex_cache.Get(), field_idx);
   }
   if (field == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved field " << PrettyField(field);
   dex_cache->SetResolvedField(field_idx, field);
 }

 // Based on ClassLinker::ResolveMethod.
 static void PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t method_idx,
                                           InvokeType invoke_type)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   mirror::ArtMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(method_idx);
   if (method != NULL) {
     return;
   }
   const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file->GetMethodId(method_idx);
   mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
   if (klass == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   switch (invoke_type) {
     case kDirect:
     case kStatic:
       method = klass->FindDirectMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
       break;
     case kInterface:
       method = klass->FindInterfaceMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
       break;
     case kSuper:
     case kVirtual:
       method = klass->FindVirtualMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
       break;
     default:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable - invocation type: " << invoke_type;
   }
   if (method == NULL) {
     return;
   }
   // LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved method " << PrettyMethod(method);
   dex_cache->SetResolvedMethod(method_idx, method);
 }

 struct DexCacheStats {
     uint32_t num_strings;
     uint32_t num_types;
     uint32_t num_fields;
     uint32_t num_methods;
     DexCacheStats() : num_strings(0),
                       num_types(0),
                       num_fields(0),
                       num_methods(0) {}
 };

 static const bool kPreloadDexCachesEnabled = true;

 // Disabled because it takes a long time (extra half second) but
 // gives almost no benefit in terms of saving private dirty pages.
 static const bool kPreloadDexCachesStrings = false;

 static const bool kPreloadDexCachesTypes = true;
 static const bool kPreloadDexCachesFieldsAndMethods = true;

 static const bool kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats = true;

 static void PreloadDexCachesStatsTotal(DexCacheStats* total) {
   if (!kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
     return;
   }

   ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
   for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
     const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
     CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
     total->num_strings += dex_file->NumStringIds();
     total->num_fields += dex_file->NumFieldIds();
     total->num_methods += dex_file->NumMethodIds();
     total->num_types += dex_file->NumTypeIds();
   }
 }

 static void PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(DexCacheStats* filled)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   if (!kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
       return;
   }
   ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
   for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
     const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
     CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
     mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumStrings(); i++) {
       mirror::String* string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(i);
       if (string != NULL) {
         filled->num_strings++;
       }
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
       mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(i);
       if (klass != NULL) {
         filled->num_types++;
       }
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedFields(); i++) {
       mirror::ArtField* field = dex_cache->GetResolvedField(i);
       if (field != NULL) {
         filled->num_fields++;
       }
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods(); i++) {
       mirror::ArtMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(i);
       if (method != NULL) {
         filled->num_methods++;
       }
     }
   }
 }

 // TODO: http://b/11309598 This code was ported over based on the
 // Dalvik version. However, ART has similar code in other places such
 // as the CompilerDriver. This code could probably be refactored to
 // serve both uses.
 static void VMRuntime_preloadDexCaches(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
   if (!kPreloadDexCachesEnabled) {
     return;
   }

   ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);

   DexCacheStats total;
   DexCacheStats before;
   if (kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
     LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches starting";
     PreloadDexCachesStatsTotal(&total);
     PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(&before);
   }

   Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
   ClassLinker* linker = runtime->GetClassLinker();
   Thread* self = ThreadForEnv(env);

   // We use a std::map to avoid heap allocating StringObjects to lookup in gDvm.literalStrings
   StringTable strings;
   if (kPreloadDexCachesStrings) {
     runtime->GetInternTable()->VisitRoots(PreloadDexCachesStringsCallback, &strings,
                                           kVisitRootFlagAllRoots);
   }

   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
   for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
     const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
     CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
     StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
     Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file)));

     if (kPreloadDexCachesStrings) {
       for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumStrings(); i++) {
         PreloadDexCachesResolveString(dex_cache, i, strings);
       }
     }

     if (kPreloadDexCachesTypes) {
       for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
         PreloadDexCachesResolveType(dex_cache.Get(), i);
       }
     }

     if (kPreloadDexCachesFieldsAndMethods) {
       for (size_t class_def_index = 0;
            class_def_index < dex_file->NumClassDefs();
            class_def_index++) {
         const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file->GetClassDef(class_def_index);
         const byte* class_data = dex_file->GetClassData(class_def);
         if (class_data == NULL) {
           continue;
         }
         ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file, class_data);
         for (; it.HasNextStaticField(); it.Next()) {
           uint32_t field_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
           PreloadDexCachesResolveField(dex_cache, field_idx, true);
         }
         for (; it.HasNextInstanceField(); it.Next()) {
           uint32_t field_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
           PreloadDexCachesResolveField(dex_cache, field_idx, false);
         }
         for (; it.HasNextDirectMethod(); it.Next()) {
           uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
           InvokeType invoke_type = it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def);
           PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(dex_cache, method_idx, invoke_type);
         }
         for (; it.HasNextVirtualMethod(); it.Next()) {
           uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
           InvokeType invoke_type = it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def);
           PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(dex_cache, method_idx, invoke_type);
         }
       }
     }
   }

   if (kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
     DexCacheStats after;
     PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(&after);
     LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches strings total=%d before=%d after=%d",
                               total.num_strings, before.num_strings, after.num_strings);
     LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches types total=%d before=%d after=%d",
                               total.num_types, before.num_types, after.num_types);
     LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches fields total=%d before=%d after=%d",
                               total.num_fields, before.num_fields, after.num_fields);
     LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches methods total=%d before=%d after=%d",
                               total.num_methods, before.num_methods, after.num_methods);
     LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches finished");
   }
 }


 /*
  * This is called by the framework when it knows the application directory and
  * process name.  We use this information to start up the sampling profiler for
  * for ART.
  */
 static void VMRuntime_registerAppInfo(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jstring pkgName,
                                       jstring appDir, jstring procName) {
   const char *pkgNameChars = env->GetStringUTFChars(pkgName, NULL);
   std::string profileFile = StringPrintf("/data/dalvik-cache/profiles/%s", pkgNameChars);

   Runtime::Current()->StartProfiler(profileFile.c_str());

   env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(pkgName, pkgNameChars);
 }

 static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, addressOf, "!(Ljava/lang/Object;)J"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, bootClassPath, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, classPath, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, clearGrowthLimit, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, concurrentGC, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, disableJitCompilation, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, getTargetHeapUtilization, "()F"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, isDebuggerActive, "!()Z"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, nativeSetTargetHeapUtilization, "(F)V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, newNonMovableArray, "!(Ljava/lang/Class;I)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, newUnpaddedArray, "!(Ljava/lang/Class;I)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, properties, "()[Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, setTargetSdkVersionNative, "(I)V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerNativeAllocation, "(I)V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerNativeFree, "(I)V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, updateProcessState, "(I)V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, startJitCompilation, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, trimHeap, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmVersion, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmLibrary, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmInstructionSet, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, is64Bit, "!()Z"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, isCheckJniEnabled, "!()Z"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, preloadDexCaches, "()V"),
   NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerAppInfo, "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"),
 };

 void register_dalvik_system_VMRuntime(JNIEnv* env) {
   REGISTER_NATIVE_METHODS("dalvik/system/VMRuntime");
 }

 }  // namespace art
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include <limits.h>

	#include "class_linker-inl.h"
	#include "common_throws.h"
	#include "debugger.h"
	#include "dex_file-inl.h"
	#include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
	#include "gc/allocator/dlmalloc.h"
	#include "gc/heap.h"
	#include "gc/space/dlmalloc_space.h"
	#include "intern_table.h"
	#include "jni_internal.h"
	#include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/dex_cache-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
	#include "runtime.h"
	#include "scoped_fast_native_object_access.h"
	#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
	#include "thread.h"
	#include "thread_list.h"
	#include "toStringArray.h"

	namespace art {

	static jfloat VMRuntime_getTargetHeapUtilization(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	return Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetTargetHeapUtilization();
	}

	static void VMRuntime_nativeSetTargetHeapUtilization(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfloat target) {
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->SetTargetHeapUtilization(target);
	}

	static void VMRuntime_startJitCompilation(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	}

	static void VMRuntime_disableJitCompilation(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	}

	static jobject VMRuntime_newNonMovableArray(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jclass javaElementClass,
	jint length) {
	ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
	if (UNLIKELY(length < 0)) {
	ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(length);
	return nullptr;
	}
	mirror::Class* element_class = soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(javaElementClass);
	if (UNLIKELY(element_class == nullptr)) {
	ThrowNullPointerException(NULL, "element class == null");
	return nullptr;
	}
	Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
	mirror::Class* array_class =
	runtime->GetClassLinker()->FindArrayClass(soa.Self(), &element_class);
	if (UNLIKELY(array_class == nullptr)) {
	return nullptr;
	}
	gc::AllocatorType allocator = runtime->GetHeap()->GetCurrentNonMovingAllocator();
	mirror::Array* result = mirror::Array::Alloc<true>(soa.Self(), array_class, length,
	array_class->GetComponentSize(), allocator);
	return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(result);
	}

	static jobject VMRuntime_newUnpaddedArray(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jclass javaElementClass,
	jint length) {
	ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
	if (UNLIKELY(length < 0)) {
	ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(length);
	return nullptr;
	}
	mirror::Class* element_class = soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(javaElementClass);
	if (UNLIKELY(element_class == nullptr)) {
	ThrowNullPointerException(NULL, "element class == null");
	return nullptr;
	}
	Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
	mirror::Class* array_class = runtime->GetClassLinker()->FindArrayClass(soa.Self(), &element_class);
	if (UNLIKELY(array_class == nullptr)) {
	return nullptr;
	}
	gc::AllocatorType allocator = runtime->GetHeap()->GetCurrentAllocator();
	mirror::Array* result = mirror::Array::Alloc<true>(soa.Self(), array_class, length,
	array_class->GetComponentSize(), allocator,
	true);
	return soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(result);
	}

	static jlong VMRuntime_addressOf(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jobject javaArray) {
	if (javaArray == NULL) { // Most likely allocation failed
	return 0;
	}
	ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
	mirror::Array* array = soa.Decode<mirror::Array*>(javaArray);
	if (!array->IsArrayInstance()) {
	ThrowIllegalArgumentException(NULL, "not an array");
	return 0;
	}
	if (Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->IsMovableObject(array)) {
	ThrowRuntimeException("Trying to get address of movable array object");
	return 0;
	}
	return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(array->GetRawData(array->GetClass()->GetComponentSize(), 0));
	}

	static void VMRuntime_clearGrowthLimit(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->ClearGrowthLimit();
	}

	static jboolean VMRuntime_isDebuggerActive(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	return Dbg::IsDebuggerActive();
	}

	static jobjectArray VMRuntime_properties(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return toStringArray(env, Runtime::Current()->GetProperties());
	}

	// This is for backward compatibility with dalvik which returned the
	// meaningless "." when no boot classpath or classpath was
	// specified. Unfortunately, some tests were using java.class.path to
	// lookup relative file locations, so they are counting on this to be
	// ".", presumably some applications or libraries could have as well.
	static const char* DefaultToDot(const std::string& class_path) {
	return class_path.empty() ? "." : class_path.c_str();
	}

	static jstring VMRuntime_bootClassPath(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return env->NewStringUTF(DefaultToDot(Runtime::Current()->GetBootClassPathString()));
	}

	static jstring VMRuntime_classPath(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return env->NewStringUTF(DefaultToDot(Runtime::Current()->GetClassPathString()));
	}

	static jstring VMRuntime_vmVersion(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return env->NewStringUTF(Runtime::GetVersion());
	}

	static jstring VMRuntime_vmLibrary(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return env->NewStringUTF(kIsDebugBuild ? "libartd.so" : "libart.so");
	}

	static jstring VMRuntime_vmInstructionSet(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	InstructionSet isa = Runtime::Current()->GetInstructionSet();
	const char* isa_string = GetInstructionSetString(isa);
	return env->NewStringUTF(isa_string);
	}

	static jboolean VMRuntime_is64Bit(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	bool is64BitMode = (sizeof(void*) == sizeof(uint64_t));
	return is64BitMode ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE;
	}

	static jboolean VMRuntime_isCheckJniEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	return Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM()->IsCheckJniEnabled() ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE;
	}

	static void VMRuntime_setTargetSdkVersionNative(JNIEnv*, jobject, jint target_sdk_version) {
	// This is the target SDK version of the app we're about to run. It is intended that this a place
	// where workarounds can be enabled.
	// Note that targetSdkVersion may be CUR_DEVELOPMENT (10000).
	// Note that targetSdkVersion may be 0, meaning "current".
	Runtime::Current()->SetTargetSdkVersion(target_sdk_version);
	}

	static void VMRuntime_registerNativeAllocation(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint bytes) {
	if (UNLIKELY(bytes < 0)) {
	ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);
	ThrowRuntimeException("allocation size negative %d", bytes);
	return;
	}
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->RegisterNativeAllocation(env, bytes);
	}

	static void VMRuntime_registerNativeFree(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint bytes) {
	if (UNLIKELY(bytes < 0)) {
	ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);
	ThrowRuntimeException("allocation size negative %d", bytes);
	return;
	}
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->RegisterNativeFree(env, bytes);
	}

	static void VMRuntime_updateProcessState(JNIEnv* env, jobject, jint process_state) {
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->UpdateProcessState(static_cast<gc::ProcessState>(process_state));
	Runtime::Current()->UpdateProfilerState(process_state);
	}

	static void VMRuntime_trimHeap(JNIEnv*, jobject) {
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->DoPendingTransitionOrTrim();
	}

	static void VMRuntime_concurrentGC(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->ConcurrentGC(ThreadForEnv(env));
	}

	typedef std::map<std::string, mirror::String*> StringTable;

	static void PreloadDexCachesStringsCallback(mirror::Object** root, void* arg,
	uint32_t /thread_id/, RootType /root_type/)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	StringTable& table = reinterpret_cast<StringTable>(arg);
	mirror::String* string = const_cast<mirror::Object>(root)->AsString();
	table[string->ToModifiedUtf8()] = string;
	}

	// Based on ClassLinker::ResolveString.
	static void PreloadDexCachesResolveString(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t string_idx,
	StringTable& strings)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	mirror::String* string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(string_idx);
	if (string != NULL) {
	return;
	}
	const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	const char* utf8 = dex_file->StringDataByIdx(string_idx);
	string = strings[utf8];
	if (string == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved string=" << utf8;
	dex_cache->SetResolvedString(string_idx, string);
	}

	// Based on ClassLinker::ResolveType.
	static void PreloadDexCachesResolveType(mirror::DexCache* dex_cache, uint32_t type_idx)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
	if (klass != NULL) {
	return;
	}
	const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	const char* class_name = dex_file->StringByTypeIdx(type_idx);
	ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
	if (class_name[1] == '\0') {
	klass = linker->FindPrimitiveClass(class_name[0]);
	} else {
	klass = linker->LookupClass(class_name, NULL);
	}
	if (klass == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved klass=" << class_name;
	dex_cache->SetResolvedType(type_idx, klass);
	// Skip uninitialized classes because filled static storage entry implies it is initialized.
	if (!klass->IsInitialized()) {
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches uninitialized klass=" << class_name;
	return;
	}
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches static storage klass=" << class_name;
	}

	// Based on ClassLinker::ResolveField.
	static void PreloadDexCachesResolveField(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t field_idx,
	bool is_static)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	mirror::ArtField* field = dex_cache->GetResolvedField(field_idx);
	if (field != NULL) {
	return;
	}
	const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	const DexFile::FieldId& field_id = dex_file->GetFieldId(field_idx);
	Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
	StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
	Handle<mirror::Class> klass(hs.NewHandle(dex_cache->GetResolvedType(field_id.class_idx_)));
	if (klass.Get() == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	if (is_static) {
	field = mirror::Class::FindStaticField(self, klass, dex_cache.Get(), field_idx);
	} else {
	field = klass->FindInstanceField(dex_cache.Get(), field_idx);
	}
	if (field == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved field " << PrettyField(field);
	dex_cache->SetResolvedField(field_idx, field);
	}

	// Based on ClassLinker::ResolveMethod.
	static void PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t method_idx,
	InvokeType invoke_type)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	mirror::ArtMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(method_idx);
	if (method != NULL) {
	return;
	}
	const DexFile* dex_file = dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file->GetMethodId(method_idx);
	mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
	if (klass == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	switch (invoke_type) {
	case kDirect:
	case kStatic:
	method = klass->FindDirectMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
	break;
	case kInterface:
	method = klass->FindInterfaceMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
	break;
	case kSuper:
	case kVirtual:
	method = klass->FindVirtualMethod(dex_cache.Get(), method_idx);
	break;
	default:
	LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable - invocation type: " << invoke_type;
	}
	if (method == NULL) {
	return;
	}
	// LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches resolved method " << PrettyMethod(method);
	dex_cache->SetResolvedMethod(method_idx, method);
	}

	struct DexCacheStats {
	uint32_t num_strings;
	uint32_t num_types;
	uint32_t num_fields;
	uint32_t num_methods;
	DexCacheStats() : num_strings(0),
	num_types(0),
	num_fields(0),
	num_methods(0) {}
	};

	static const bool kPreloadDexCachesEnabled = true;

	// Disabled because it takes a long time (extra half second) but
	// gives almost no benefit in terms of saving private dirty pages.
	static const bool kPreloadDexCachesStrings = false;

	static const bool kPreloadDexCachesTypes = true;
	static const bool kPreloadDexCachesFieldsAndMethods = true;

	static const bool kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats = true;

	static void PreloadDexCachesStatsTotal(DexCacheStats* total) {
	if (!kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
	return;
	}

	ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
	const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
	for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
	const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
	CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
	total->num_strings += dex_file->NumStringIds();
	total->num_fields += dex_file->NumFieldIds();
	total->num_methods += dex_file->NumMethodIds();
	total->num_types += dex_file->NumTypeIds();
	}
	}

	static void PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(DexCacheStats* filled)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	if (!kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
	return;
	}
	ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
	const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
	for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
	const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
	CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
	mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumStrings(); i++) {
	mirror::String* string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(i);
	if (string != NULL) {
	filled->num_strings++;
	}
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
	mirror::Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(i);
	if (klass != NULL) {
	filled->num_types++;
	}
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedFields(); i++) {
	mirror::ArtField* field = dex_cache->GetResolvedField(i);
	if (field != NULL) {
	filled->num_fields++;
	}
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods(); i++) {
	mirror::ArtMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(i);
	if (method != NULL) {
	filled->num_methods++;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// TODO: http://b/11309598 This code was ported over based on the
	// Dalvik version. However, ART has similar code in other places such
	// as the CompilerDriver. This code could probably be refactored to
	// serve both uses.
	static void VMRuntime_preloadDexCaches(JNIEnv* env, jobject) {
	if (!kPreloadDexCachesEnabled) {
	return;
	}

	ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);

	DexCacheStats total;
	DexCacheStats before;
	if (kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
	LOG(INFO) << "VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches starting";
	PreloadDexCachesStatsTotal(&total);
	PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(&before);
	}

	Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
	ClassLinker* linker = runtime->GetClassLinker();
	Thread* self = ThreadForEnv(env);

	// We use a std::map to avoid heap allocating StringObjects to lookup in gDvm.literalStrings
	StringTable strings;
	if (kPreloadDexCachesStrings) {
	runtime->GetInternTable()->VisitRoots(PreloadDexCachesStringsCallback, &strings,
	kVisitRootFlagAllRoots);
	}

	const std::vector<const DexFile*>& boot_class_path = linker->GetBootClassPath();
	for (size_t i = 0; i< boot_class_path.size(); i++) {
	const DexFile* dex_file = boot_class_path[i];
	CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
	StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
	Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file)));

	if (kPreloadDexCachesStrings) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumStrings(); i++) {
	PreloadDexCachesResolveString(dex_cache, i, strings);
	}
	}

	if (kPreloadDexCachesTypes) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
	PreloadDexCachesResolveType(dex_cache.Get(), i);
	}
	}

	if (kPreloadDexCachesFieldsAndMethods) {
	for (size_t class_def_index = 0;
	class_def_index < dex_file->NumClassDefs();
	class_def_index++) {
	const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file->GetClassDef(class_def_index);
	const byte* class_data = dex_file->GetClassData(class_def);
	if (class_data == NULL) {
	continue;
	}
	ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file, class_data);
	for (; it.HasNextStaticField(); it.Next()) {
	uint32_t field_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
	PreloadDexCachesResolveField(dex_cache, field_idx, true);
	}
	for (; it.HasNextInstanceField(); it.Next()) {
	uint32_t field_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
	PreloadDexCachesResolveField(dex_cache, field_idx, false);
	}
	for (; it.HasNextDirectMethod(); it.Next()) {
	uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
	InvokeType invoke_type = it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def);
	PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(dex_cache, method_idx, invoke_type);
	}
	for (; it.HasNextVirtualMethod(); it.Next()) {
	uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
	InvokeType invoke_type = it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def);
	PreloadDexCachesResolveMethod(dex_cache, method_idx, invoke_type);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	if (kPreloadDexCachesCollectStats) {
	DexCacheStats after;
	PreloadDexCachesStatsFilled(&after);
	LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches strings total=%d before=%d after=%d",
	total.num_strings, before.num_strings, after.num_strings);
	LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches types total=%d before=%d after=%d",
	total.num_types, before.num_types, after.num_types);
	LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches fields total=%d before=%d after=%d",
	total.num_fields, before.num_fields, after.num_fields);
	LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches methods total=%d before=%d after=%d",
	total.num_methods, before.num_methods, after.num_methods);
	LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("VMRuntime.preloadDexCaches finished");
	}
	}


	/*
	* This is called by the framework when it knows the application directory and
	* process name. We use this information to start up the sampling profiler for
	* for ART.
	*/
	static void VMRuntime_registerAppInfo(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jstring pkgName,
	jstring appDir, jstring procName) {
	const char *pkgNameChars = env->GetStringUTFChars(pkgName, NULL);
	std::string profileFile = StringPrintf("/data/dalvik-cache/profiles/%s", pkgNameChars);

	Runtime::Current()->StartProfiler(profileFile.c_str());

	env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(pkgName, pkgNameChars);
	}

	static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, addressOf, "!(Ljava/lang/Object;)J"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, bootClassPath, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, classPath, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, clearGrowthLimit, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, concurrentGC, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, disableJitCompilation, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, getTargetHeapUtilization, "()F"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, isDebuggerActive, "!()Z"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, nativeSetTargetHeapUtilization, "(F)V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, newNonMovableArray, "!(Ljava/lang/Class;I)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, newUnpaddedArray, "!(Ljava/lang/Class;I)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, properties, "()[Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, setTargetSdkVersionNative, "(I)V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerNativeAllocation, "(I)V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerNativeFree, "(I)V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, updateProcessState, "(I)V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, startJitCompilation, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, trimHeap, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmVersion, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmLibrary, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, vmInstructionSet, "()Ljava/lang/String;"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, is64Bit, "!()Z"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, isCheckJniEnabled, "!()Z"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, preloadDexCaches, "()V"),
	NATIVE_METHOD(VMRuntime, registerAppInfo, "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"),
	};

	void register_dalvik_system_VMRuntime(JNIEnv* env) {
	REGISTER_NATIVE_METHODS("dalvik/system/VMRuntime");
	}

	} // namespace art