art: Refactor RuntimeOptions/ParsedOptions

Refactor the RuntimeOptions to be a
type-safe map (VariantMap, see runtime_options.h) and the ParsedOptions
to delegate the parsing to CmdlineParser (see cmdline/cmdline_parser.h).

This is the start of a command line parsing refactor, and may include
more in the future (dex2oat, patchoat, etc).

For more details of the command line parsing generator usage see cmdline/README.md

Change-Id: Ic67c6bca5e1f33bf2ec60e2e3ff8c366bab91563
diff --git a/runtime/Android.mk b/runtime/Android.mk
index 30cf580..907d884 100644
--- a/runtime/Android.mk
+++ b/runtime/Android.mk
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
   reference_table.cc \
   reflection.cc \
   runtime.cc \
+  runtime_options.cc \
   signal_catcher.cc \
   stack.cc \
   thread.cc \
@@ -457,7 +458,9 @@
   endif
 
   LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $$(ART_C_INCLUDES)
+  LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += art/cmdline
   LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += art/sigchainlib
+  LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += art
 
   LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libnativehelper libnativebridge libsigchain
   LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libbacktrace
diff --git a/runtime/base/variant_map.h b/runtime/base/variant_map.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf7977e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/base/variant_map.h
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_BASE_VARIANT_MAP_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_BASE_VARIANT_MAP_H_
+
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace art {
+
+//
+// A variant map is a heterogenous, type safe key->value map. It allows
+// for multiple different value types to be stored dynamically in the same map.
+//
+// It provides the following interface in a nutshell:
+//
+// struct VariantMap {
+//   template <typename TValue>
+//   TValue* Get(Key<T> key);  // nullptr if the value was never set, otherwise the value.
+//
+//   template <typename TValue>
+//   void Set(Key<T> key, TValue value);
+// };
+//
+// Since the key is strongly typed at compile-time, it is impossible to accidentally
+// read/write a value with a different type than the key at either compile-time or run-time.
+//
+// Do not use VariantMap/VariantMapKey directly. Instead subclass each of them and use
+// the subclass, for example:
+//
+// template <typename TValue>
+// struct FruitMapKey : VariantMapKey<TValue> {
+//   FruitMapKey() {}
+// };
+//
+// struct FruitMap : VariantMap<FruitMap, FruitMapKey> {
+//   // This 'using' line is necessary to inherit the variadic constructor.
+//   using VariantMap<FruitMap, FruitMapKey>::VariantMap;
+//
+//   // Make the next '4' usages of Key slightly shorter to type.
+//   template <typename TValue>
+//   using Key = FruitMapKey<TValue>;
+//
+//   static const Key<int> Apple;
+//   static const Key<double> Orange;
+//   static const Key<std::string> Banana;
+// };
+//
+// const FruitMap::Key<int> FruitMap::Apple;
+// const FruitMap::Key<double> FruitMap::Orange;
+// const FruitMap::Key<std::string> Banana;
+//
+// See variant_map_test.cc for more examples.
+//
+
+// Implementation details for VariantMap.
+namespace detail {
+  // Allocate a unique counter value each time it's called.
+  struct VariantMapKeyCounterAllocator {
+    static size_t AllocateCounter() {
+      static size_t counter = 0;
+      counter++;
+
+      return counter;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Type-erased version of VariantMapKey<T>
+  struct VariantMapKeyRaw {
+    // TODO: this may need to call a virtual function to support string comparisons
+    bool operator<(const VariantMapKeyRaw& other) const {
+      return key_counter_ < other.key_counter_;
+    }
+
+    // The following functions need to be virtual since we don't know the compile-time type anymore:
+
+    // Clone the key, creating a copy of the contents.
+    virtual VariantMapKeyRaw* Clone() const = 0;
+
+    // Delete a value whose runtime type is that of the non-erased key's TValue.
+    virtual void ValueDelete(void* value) const = 0;
+
+    // Clone a value whose runtime type is that of the non-erased key's TValue.
+    virtual void* ValueClone(void* value) const = 0;
+
+    // Compare one key to another (same as operator<).
+    virtual bool Compare(const VariantMapKeyRaw* other) const {
+      if (other == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return key_counter_ < other->key_counter_;
+    }
+
+    virtual ~VariantMapKeyRaw() {}
+
+   protected:
+    VariantMapKeyRaw()
+        : key_counter_(VariantMapKeyCounterAllocator::AllocateCounter()) {}
+    // explicit VariantMapKeyRaw(size_t counter)
+    //     : key_counter_(counter) {}
+
+    size_t GetCounter() const {
+      return key_counter_;
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    // Avoid the object slicing problem; use Clone() instead.
+    VariantMapKeyRaw(const VariantMapKeyRaw& other) = default;
+    VariantMapKeyRaw(VariantMapKeyRaw&& other) = default;
+
+   private:
+    size_t key_counter_;  // Runtime type ID. Unique each time a new type is reified.
+  };
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// The base type for keys used by the VariantMap. Users must subclass this type.
+template <typename TValue>
+struct VariantMapKey : detail::VariantMapKeyRaw {
+  // Instantiate a default value for this key. If an explicit default value was provided
+  // then that is used. Otherwise, the default value for the type TValue{} is returned.
+  TValue CreateDefaultValue() const {
+    if (default_value_ == nullptr) {
+      return TValue{};  // NOLINT [readability/braces] [4]
+    } else {
+      return TValue(*default_value_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // explicit VariantMapKey(size_t counter) : detail::VariantMapKeyRaw(counter) {}
+  explicit VariantMapKey(const TValue& default_value)
+    : default_value_(std::make_shared<TValue>(default_value)) {}
+  explicit VariantMapKey(TValue&& default_value)
+    : default_value_(std::make_shared<TValue>(default_value)) {}
+  VariantMapKey() {}
+  virtual ~VariantMapKey() {}
+
+ private:
+  virtual VariantMapKeyRaw* Clone() const {
+    return new VariantMapKey<TValue>(*this);
+  }
+
+  virtual void* ValueClone(void* value) const {
+    if (value == nullptr) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    TValue* strong_value = reinterpret_cast<TValue*>(value);
+    return new TValue(*strong_value);
+  }
+
+  virtual void ValueDelete(void* value) const {
+    if (value == nullptr) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Smartly invoke the proper delete/delete[]/etc
+    const std::default_delete<TValue> deleter = std::default_delete<TValue>();
+    deleter(reinterpret_cast<TValue*>(value));
+  }
+
+  VariantMapKey(const VariantMapKey& other) = default;
+  VariantMapKey(VariantMapKey&& other) = default;
+
+  template <typename Base, template <typename TV> class TKey> friend struct VariantMap;
+
+  // Store a prototype of the key's default value, for usage with VariantMap::GetOrDefault
+  std::shared_ptr<TValue> default_value_;
+};
+
+// Implementation details for a stringified VariantMapStringKey.
+namespace detail {
+  struct VariantMapStringKeyRegistry {
+    // TODO
+  };
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Alternative base type for all keys used by VariantMap, supports runtime strings as the name.
+template <typename TValue>
+struct VariantMapStringKey : VariantMapKey<TValue> {
+  explicit VariantMapStringKey(const char* name)
+      :   // VariantMapKey(/*std::hash<std::string>()(name)*/),
+        name_(name) {
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* name_;
+};
+
+// A variant map allows type-safe heteregeneous key->value mappings.
+// All possible key types must be specified at compile-time. Values may be added/removed
+// at runtime.
+template <typename Base, template <typename TV> class TKey>
+struct VariantMap {
+  // Allow users of this static interface to use the key type.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  using Key = TKey<TValue>;
+
+  // Look up the value from the key. The pointer becomes invalid if this key is overwritten/removed.
+  // A null value is returned only when the key does not exist in this map.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  const TValue* Get(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    return GetValuePtr(key);
+  }
+
+  // Look up the value from the key. The pointer becomes invalid if this key is overwritten/removed.
+  // A null value is returned only when the key does not exist in this map.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  TValue* Get(const TKey<TValue>& key) {
+    return GetValuePtr(key);
+  }
+
+  // Lookup the value from the key. If it was not set in the map, return the default value.
+  // The default value is either the key's default, or TValue{} if the key doesn't have a default.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  TValue GetOrDefault(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    auto* ptr = Get(key);
+    return (ptr == nullptr) ? key.CreateDefaultValue() : *ptr;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // TODO: move to detail, or make it more generic like a ScopeGuard(function)
+  template <typename TValue>
+  struct ScopedRemove {
+    ScopedRemove(VariantMap& map, const TKey<TValue>& key) : map_(map), key_(key) {}
+    ~ScopedRemove() {
+      map_.Remove(key_);
+    }
+
+    VariantMap& map_;
+    const TKey<TValue>& key_;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  // Release the value from the key. If it was not set in the map, returns the default value.
+  // If the key was set, it is removed as a side effect.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  TValue ReleaseOrDefault(const TKey<TValue>& key) {
+    ScopedRemove<TValue> remove_on_return(*this, key);
+
+    TValue* ptr = Get(key);
+    if (ptr != nullptr) {
+      return std::move(*ptr);
+    } else {
+      TValue default_value = key.CreateDefaultValue();
+      return std::move(default_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // See if a value is stored for this key.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  bool Exists(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    return GetKeyValueIterator(key) != storage_map_.end();
+  }
+
+  // Set a value for a given key, overwriting the previous value if any.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  void Set(const TKey<TValue>& key, const TValue& value) {
+    Remove(key);
+    storage_map_.insert({{key.Clone(), new TValue(value)}});
+  }
+
+  // Set a value for a given key, only if there was no previous value before.
+  // Returns true if the value was set, false if a previous value existed.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  bool SetIfMissing(const TKey<TValue>& key, const TValue& value) {
+    TValue* ptr = Get(key);
+    if (ptr == nullptr) {
+      Set(key, value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Remove the value for a given key, or a no-op if there was no previously set value.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  void Remove(const TKey<TValue>& key) {
+    StaticAssertKeyType<TValue>();
+
+    auto&& it = GetKeyValueIterator(key);
+    if (it != storage_map_.end()) {
+      key.ValueDelete(it->second);
+      delete it->first;
+      storage_map_.erase(it);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove all key/value pairs.
+  void Clear() {
+    DeleteStoredValues();
+    storage_map_.clear();
+  }
+
+  // How many key/value pairs are stored in this map.
+  size_t Size() const {
+    return storage_map_.size();
+  }
+
+  // Construct an empty map.
+  explicit VariantMap() {}
+
+  template <typename ... TKeyValue>
+  explicit VariantMap(const TKeyValue& ... key_value_list) {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(TKeyValue) % 2 == 0, "Must be an even number of key/value elements");
+    InitializeParameters(key_value_list...);
+  }
+
+  // Create a new map from an existing map, copying all the key/value pairs.
+  VariantMap(const VariantMap& other) {
+    operator=(other);
+  }
+
+  // Copy the key/value pairs from the other map into this one. Existing key/values are cleared.
+  VariantMap& operator=(const VariantMap& other) {
+    if (this == &other) {
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    Clear();
+
+    for (auto&& kv_pair : other.storage_map_) {
+      const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* raw_key_other = kv_pair.first;
+      void* value = kv_pair.second;
+
+      detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* cloned_raw_key = raw_key_other->Clone();
+      void* cloned_value = raw_key_other->ValueClone(value);
+
+      storage_map_.insert({{ cloned_raw_key, cloned_value }});
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Create a new map by moving an existing map into this one. The other map becomes empty.
+  VariantMap(VariantMap&& other) {
+    operator=(std::forward<VariantMap>(other));
+  }
+
+  // Move the existing map's key/value pairs into this one. The other map becomes empty.
+  VariantMap& operator=(VariantMap&& other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      Clear();
+      storage_map_.swap(other.storage_map_);
+      other.storage_map_.clear();
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~VariantMap() {
+    DeleteStoredValues();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void InitializeParameters() {}
+
+  template <typename TK, typename TValue, typename ... Rest>
+  void InitializeParameters(const TK& key, const TValue& value, const Rest& ... rest) {
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_same<TK, TKey<TValue>>::value, "The 0th/2nd/4th/etc parameters must be a key");
+
+    const TKey<TValue>& key_refined = key;
+
+    Set(key_refined, value);
+    InitializeParameters(rest...);
+  }
+
+  // Custom key comparator for std::map, needed since we are storing raw pointers as the keys.
+  struct KeyComparator {
+    bool operator()(const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* lhs,
+                    const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* rhs) const {
+      if (lhs == nullptr) {
+        return lhs != rhs;
+      }
+
+      return lhs->Compare(rhs);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Map of key pointers to value pointers. Pointers are never null.
+  using StorageMap = std::map<const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw*, void*, KeyComparator>;
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  typename StorageMap::iterator GetKeyValueIterator(const TKey<TValue>& key) {
+    StaticAssertKeyType<TValue>();
+
+    const TKey<TValue>* key_ptr = &key;
+    const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* raw_ptr = key_ptr;
+    return storage_map_.find(raw_ptr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  typename StorageMap::const_iterator GetKeyValueIterator(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    StaticAssertKeyType<TValue>();
+
+    const TKey<TValue>* key_ptr = &key;
+    const detail::VariantMapKeyRaw* raw_ptr = key_ptr;
+    return storage_map_.find(raw_ptr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  TValue* GetValuePtr(const TKey<TValue>& key) {
+    return const_cast<TValue*>(GetValueConstPtr(key));
+  }
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  const TValue* GetValuePtr(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    return GetValueConstPtr(key);
+  }
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  const TValue* GetValueConstPtr(const TKey<TValue>& key) const {
+    auto&& it = GetKeyValueIterator(key);
+    if (it == storage_map_.end()) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<const TValue*>(it->second);
+  }
+
+  template <typename TValue>
+  static void StaticAssertKeyType() {
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<VariantMapKey<TValue>, TKey<TValue>>::value,
+                  "The provided key type (TKey) must be a subclass of VariantMapKey");
+  }
+
+  void DeleteStoredValues() {
+    for (auto&& kv_pair : storage_map_) {
+      kv_pair.first->ValueDelete(kv_pair.second);
+      delete kv_pair.first;
+    }
+  }
+
+  StorageMap storage_map_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_BASE_VARIANT_MAP_H_
diff --git a/runtime/base/variant_map_test.cc b/runtime/base/variant_map_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..827de46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/base/variant_map_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "variant_map.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#define EXPECT_NULL(expected) EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(expected), \
+                                        reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL));
+
+namespace art {
+
+namespace {
+  template <typename TValue>
+  struct FruitMapKey : VariantMapKey<TValue> {
+    FruitMapKey() {}
+  };
+
+  struct FruitMap : VariantMap<FruitMap, FruitMapKey> {
+    // This 'using' line is necessary to inherit the variadic constructor.
+    using VariantMap<FruitMap, FruitMapKey>::VariantMap;
+
+    // Make the next '4' usages of Key slightly shorter to type.
+    template <typename TValue>
+    using Key = FruitMapKey<TValue>;
+
+    static const Key<int> Apple;
+    static const Key<double> Orange;
+  };
+
+  const FruitMap::Key<int> FruitMap::Apple;
+  const FruitMap::Key<double> FruitMap::Orange;
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(VariantMaps, BasicReadWrite) {
+  FruitMap fm;
+
+  EXPECT_NULL(fm.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_NULL(fm.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Orange));
+
+  fm.Set(FruitMap::Apple, 1);
+  EXPECT_NULL(fm.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *fm.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Apple));
+
+  fm.Set(FruitMap::Apple, 5);
+  EXPECT_NULL(fm.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *fm.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Apple));
+
+  fm.Set(FruitMap::Orange, 555.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *fm.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(555.0, *fm.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fm.Size());
+
+  fm.Remove(FruitMap::Apple);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Apple));
+
+  fm.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), fm.Size());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fm.Exists(FruitMap::Orange));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantMaps, RuleOfFive) {
+  // Test empty constructor
+  FruitMap fmEmpty;
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), fmEmpty.Size());
+
+  // Test empty constructor
+  FruitMap fmFilled;
+  fmFilled.Set(FruitMap::Apple, 1);
+  fmFilled.Set(FruitMap::Orange, 555.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmFilled.Size());
+
+  // Test copy constructor
+  FruitMap fmEmptyCopy(fmEmpty);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), fmEmptyCopy.Size());
+
+  // Test copy constructor
+  FruitMap fmFilledCopy(fmFilled);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmFilledCopy.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Apple), *fmFilledCopy.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Orange), *fmFilledCopy.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+
+  // Test operator=
+  FruitMap fmFilledCopy2;
+  fmFilledCopy2 = fmFilled;
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmFilledCopy2.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Apple), *fmFilledCopy2.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Orange), *fmFilledCopy2.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+
+  // Test move constructor
+  FruitMap fmMoved(std::move(fmFilledCopy));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), fmFilledCopy.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmMoved.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Apple), *fmMoved.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Orange), *fmMoved.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+
+  // Test operator= move
+  FruitMap fmMoved2;
+  fmMoved2.Set(FruitMap::Apple, 12345);  // This value will be clobbered after the move
+
+  fmMoved2 = std::move(fmFilledCopy2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), fmFilledCopy2.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmMoved2.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Apple), *fmMoved2.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(*fmFilled.Get(FruitMap::Orange), *fmMoved2.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantMaps, VariadicConstructors) {
+  // Variadic constructor, 1 kv/pair
+  FruitMap fmApple(FruitMap::Apple, 12345);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), fmApple.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, *fmApple.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+
+  // Variadic constructor, 2 kv/pair
+  FruitMap fmAppleAndOrange(FruitMap::Apple,   12345,
+                            FruitMap::Orange,  100.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), fmAppleAndOrange.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, *fmAppleAndOrange.Get(FruitMap::Apple));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(100.0, *fmAppleAndOrange.Get(FruitMap::Orange));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantMaps, ReleaseOrDefault) {
+  FruitMap fmAppleAndOrange(FruitMap::Apple,   12345,
+                            FruitMap::Orange,  100.0);
+
+  int apple = fmAppleAndOrange.ReleaseOrDefault(FruitMap::Apple);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, apple);
+
+  // Releasing will also remove the Apple key.
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), fmAppleAndOrange.Size());
+
+  // Releasing again yields a default value.
+  int apple2 = fmAppleAndOrange.ReleaseOrDefault(FruitMap::Apple);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, apple2);
+}
+
+TEST(VariantMaps, GetOrDefault) {
+  FruitMap fm(FruitMap::Apple,   12345);
+
+  // Apple gives the expected value we set.
+  int apple = fm.GetOrDefault(FruitMap::Apple);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, apple);
+
+  // Map is still 1.
+  EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), fm.Size());
+
+  // Orange gives back a default value, since it's not in the map.
+  double orange = fm.GetOrDefault(FruitMap::Orange);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, orange);
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc b/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
index d48ac9d..b7ffd60 100644
--- a/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/common_runtime_test.cc
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@
   options.push_back(std::make_pair(max_heap_string, nullptr));
   options.push_back(std::make_pair("compilercallbacks", callbacks_.get()));
   SetUpRuntimeOptions(&options);
+
   if (!Runtime::Create(options, false)) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to create runtime";
     return;
diff --git a/runtime/common_runtime_test.h b/runtime/common_runtime_test.h
index 38a9733..9efea84 100644
--- a/runtime/common_runtime_test.h
+++ b/runtime/common_runtime_test.h
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
   CommonRuntimeTest();
   ~CommonRuntimeTest();
 
+  // Gets the path of the libcore dex file.
+  static std::string GetLibCoreDexFileName();
+
  protected:
   static bool IsHost() {
     return !kIsTargetBuild;
@@ -98,11 +101,8 @@
 
   virtual void TearDown();
 
-  // Gets the path of the libcore dex file.
-  std::string GetLibCoreDexFileName();
-
   // Gets the path of the specified dex file for host or target.
-  std::string GetDexFileName(const std::string& jar_prefix);
+  static std::string GetDexFileName(const std::string& jar_prefix);
 
   std::string GetTestAndroidRoot();
 
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector_type.h b/runtime/gc/collector_type.h
index ef5d56e..9c62097 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector_type.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector_type.h
@@ -46,6 +46,19 @@
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const CollectorType& collector_type);
 
+static constexpr CollectorType kCollectorTypeDefault =
+#if ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_CMS
+    kCollectorTypeCMS
+#elif ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_SS
+    kCollectorTypeSS
+#elif ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_GSS
+    kCollectorTypeGSS
+#else
+    gc::kCollectorTypeCMS
+#error "ART default GC type must be set"
+#endif
+    ;  // NOLINT [whitespace/semicolon] [5]
+
 }  // namespace gc
 }  // namespace art
 
diff --git a/runtime/gc/heap.cc b/runtime/gc/heap.cc
index 5a60c87..dc42510 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/heap.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/heap.cc
@@ -364,11 +364,11 @@
   CHECK(non_moving_space_ != nullptr);
   CHECK(!non_moving_space_->CanMoveObjects());
   // Allocate the large object space.
-  if (large_object_space_type == space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeFreeList) {
+  if (large_object_space_type == space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kFreeList) {
     large_object_space_ = space::FreeListSpace::Create("free list large object space", nullptr,
                                                        capacity_);
     CHECK(large_object_space_ != nullptr) << "Failed to create large object space";
-  } else if (large_object_space_type == space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeMap) {
+  } else if (large_object_space_type == space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kMap) {
     large_object_space_ = space::LargeObjectMapSpace::Create("mem map large object space");
     CHECK(large_object_space_ != nullptr) << "Failed to create large object space";
   } else {
diff --git a/runtime/gc/heap.h b/runtime/gc/heap.h
index 9aced81..0beb20c 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/heap.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/heap.h
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
       space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeFreeList;
 #else
   static constexpr space::LargeObjectSpaceType kDefaultLargeObjectSpaceType =
-      space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeMap;
+      space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kMap;
 #endif
   // Used so that we don't overflow the allocation time atomic integer.
   static constexpr size_t kTimeAdjust = 1024;
diff --git a/runtime/gc/space/large_object_space.h b/runtime/gc/space/large_object_space.h
index 850a006..847f575 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/space/large_object_space.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/space/large_object_space.h
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@
 
 class AllocationInfo;
 
-enum LargeObjectSpaceType {
-  kLargeObjectSpaceTypeDisabled,
-  kLargeObjectSpaceTypeMap,
-  kLargeObjectSpaceTypeFreeList,
+enum class LargeObjectSpaceType {
+  kDisabled,
+  kMap,
+  kFreeList,
 };
 
 // Abstraction implemented by all large object spaces.
diff --git a/runtime/globals.h b/runtime/globals.h
index 0756a73..0845475 100644
--- a/runtime/globals.h
+++ b/runtime/globals.h
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@
 #endif
 
 // Kinds of tracing clocks.
-enum TraceClockSource {
-  kTraceClockSourceThreadCpu,
-  kTraceClockSourceWall,
-  kTraceClockSourceDual,  // Both wall and thread CPU clocks.
+enum class TraceClockSource {
+  kThreadCpu,
+  kWall,
+  kDual,  // Both wall and thread CPU clocks.
 };
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
-static constexpr TraceClockSource kDefaultTraceClockSource = kTraceClockSourceDual;
+static constexpr TraceClockSource kDefaultTraceClockSource = TraceClockSource::kDual;
 #else
-static constexpr TraceClockSource kDefaultTraceClockSource = kTraceClockSourceWall;
+static constexpr TraceClockSource kDefaultTraceClockSource = TraceClockSource::kWall;
 #endif
 
 static constexpr bool kDefaultMustRelocate = true;
diff --git a/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc b/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc
index 40417d8..ea7c192 100644
--- a/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc
+++ b/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "java_vm_ext.h"
 #include "parsed_options.h"
 #include "runtime-inl.h"
+#include "runtime_options.h"
 #include "ScopedLocalRef.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
 #include "thread-inl.h"
@@ -357,14 +358,15 @@
   JII::AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon
 };
 
-JavaVMExt::JavaVMExt(Runtime* runtime, ParsedOptions* options)
+JavaVMExt::JavaVMExt(Runtime* runtime, const RuntimeArgumentMap& runtime_options)
     : runtime_(runtime),
       check_jni_abort_hook_(nullptr),
       check_jni_abort_hook_data_(nullptr),
       check_jni_(false),  // Initialized properly in the constructor body below.
-      force_copy_(options->force_copy_),
-      tracing_enabled_(!options->jni_trace_.empty() || VLOG_IS_ON(third_party_jni)),
-      trace_(options->jni_trace_),
+      force_copy_(runtime_options.Exists(RuntimeArgumentMap::JniOptsForceCopy)),
+      tracing_enabled_(runtime_options.Exists(RuntimeArgumentMap::JniTrace)
+                       || VLOG_IS_ON(third_party_jni)),
+      trace_(runtime_options.GetOrDefault(RuntimeArgumentMap::JniTrace)),
       globals_lock_("JNI global reference table lock"),
       globals_(gGlobalsInitial, gGlobalsMax, kGlobal),
       libraries_(new Libraries),
@@ -374,9 +376,7 @@
       allow_new_weak_globals_(true),
       weak_globals_add_condition_("weak globals add condition", weak_globals_lock_) {
   functions = unchecked_functions_;
-  if (options->check_jni_) {
-    SetCheckJniEnabled(true);
-  }
+  SetCheckJniEnabled(runtime_options.Exists(RuntimeArgumentMap::CheckJni));
 }
 
 JavaVMExt::~JavaVMExt() {
diff --git a/runtime/java_vm_ext.h b/runtime/java_vm_ext.h
index c3f0a82..037fbe5 100644
--- a/runtime/java_vm_ext.h
+++ b/runtime/java_vm_ext.h
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@
 class Libraries;
 class ParsedOptions;
 class Runtime;
+struct RuntimeArgumentMap;
 
 class JavaVMExt : public JavaVM {
  public:
-  JavaVMExt(Runtime* runtime, ParsedOptions* options);
+  JavaVMExt(Runtime* runtime, const RuntimeArgumentMap& runtime_options);
   ~JavaVMExt();
 
   bool ForceCopy() const {
diff --git a/runtime/jdwp/jdwp.h b/runtime/jdwp/jdwp.h
index 9309ab5..6464a62 100644
--- a/runtime/jdwp/jdwp.h
+++ b/runtime/jdwp/jdwp.h
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@
   uint16_t port;
 };
 
+bool operator==(const JdwpOptions& lhs, const JdwpOptions& rhs);
+
 struct JdwpEvent;
 class JdwpNetStateBase;
 struct ModBasket;
diff --git a/runtime/jdwp/jdwp_main.cc b/runtime/jdwp/jdwp_main.cc
index 40211de..b04aa6e 100644
--- a/runtime/jdwp/jdwp_main.cc
+++ b/runtime/jdwp/jdwp_main.cc
@@ -619,6 +619,18 @@
   return !(lhs == rhs);
 }
 
+bool operator==(const JdwpOptions& lhs, const JdwpOptions& rhs) {
+  if (&lhs == &rhs) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return lhs.transport == rhs.transport &&
+      lhs.server == rhs.server &&
+      lhs.suspend == rhs.suspend &&
+      lhs.host == rhs.host &&
+      lhs.port == rhs.port;
+}
+
 }  // namespace JDWP
 
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/parsed_options.cc b/runtime/parsed_options.cc
index 96430a0..b27bd6b 100644
--- a/runtime/parsed_options.cc
+++ b/runtime/parsed_options.cc
@@ -26,240 +26,327 @@
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 
+#include "cmdline_parser.h"
+#include "runtime_options.h"
+
 namespace art {
 
+using MemoryKiB = Memory<1024>;
+
 ParsedOptions::ParsedOptions()
-    :
-    check_jni_(kIsDebugBuild),                      // -Xcheck:jni is off by default for regular
-                                                    // builds but on by default in debug builds.
-    force_copy_(false),
-    compiler_callbacks_(nullptr),
-    is_zygote_(false),
-    must_relocate_(kDefaultMustRelocate),
-    dex2oat_enabled_(true),
-    image_dex2oat_enabled_(true),
-    interpreter_only_(kPoisonHeapReferences),       // kPoisonHeapReferences currently works with
-                                                    // the interpreter only.
-                                                    // TODO: make it work with the compiler.
-    is_explicit_gc_disabled_(false),
-    use_tlab_(false),
-    verify_pre_gc_heap_(false),
-    verify_pre_sweeping_heap_(kIsDebugBuild),       // Pre sweeping is the one that usually fails
-                                                    // if the GC corrupted the heap.
-    verify_post_gc_heap_(false),
-    verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_(kIsDebugBuild),
-    verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_(false),
-    verify_post_gc_rosalloc_(false),
-    long_pause_log_threshold_(gc::Heap::kDefaultLongPauseLogThreshold),
-    long_gc_log_threshold_(gc::Heap::kDefaultLongGCLogThreshold),
-    dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_(false),
-    ignore_max_footprint_(false),
-    heap_initial_size_(gc::Heap::kDefaultInitialSize),
-    heap_maximum_size_(gc::Heap::kDefaultMaximumSize),
-    heap_growth_limit_(0),                          // 0 means no growth limit.
-    heap_min_free_(gc::Heap::kDefaultMinFree),
-    heap_max_free_(gc::Heap::kDefaultMaxFree),
-    heap_non_moving_space_capacity_(gc::Heap::kDefaultNonMovingSpaceCapacity),
-    large_object_space_type_(gc::Heap::kDefaultLargeObjectSpaceType),
-    large_object_threshold_(gc::Heap::kDefaultLargeObjectThreshold),
-    heap_target_utilization_(gc::Heap::kDefaultTargetUtilization),
-    foreground_heap_growth_multiplier_(gc::Heap::kDefaultHeapGrowthMultiplier),
-    parallel_gc_threads_(1),
-    conc_gc_threads_(0),                            // Only the main GC thread, no workers.
-    collector_type_(                                // The default GC type is set in makefiles.
-#if ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_CMS
-        gc::kCollectorTypeCMS),
-#elif ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_SS
-        gc::kCollectorTypeSS),
-#elif ART_DEFAULT_GC_TYPE_IS_GSS
-    gc::kCollectorTypeGSS),
-#else
-    gc::kCollectorTypeCMS),
-#error "ART default GC type must be set"
-#endif
-    background_collector_type_(gc::kCollectorTypeNone),
-                                                    // If background_collector_type_ is
-                                                    // kCollectorTypeNone, it defaults to the
-                                                    // collector_type_ after parsing options. If
-                                                    // you set this to kCollectorTypeHSpaceCompact
-                                                    // then we will do an hspace compaction when
-                                                    // we transition to background instead of a
-                                                    // normal collector transition.
-    stack_size_(0),                                 // 0 means default.
-    max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_(Monitor::kDefaultMaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation),
-    low_memory_mode_(false),
-    lock_profiling_threshold_(0),
-    method_trace_(false),
-    method_trace_file_("/data/method-trace-file.bin"),
-    method_trace_file_size_(10 * MB),
-    hook_is_sensitive_thread_(nullptr),
+  : hook_is_sensitive_thread_(nullptr),
     hook_vfprintf_(vfprintf),
     hook_exit_(exit),
-    hook_abort_(nullptr),                           // We don't call abort(3) by default; see
-                                                    // Runtime::Abort.
-    profile_clock_source_(kDefaultTraceClockSource),
-    verify_(true),
-    image_isa_(kRuntimeISA),
-    use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_(true),  // Enable hspace compaction on OOM by default.
-    min_interval_homogeneous_space_compaction_by_oom_(MsToNs(100 * 1000)) {  // 100s.
-  if (kUseReadBarrier) {
-    // If RB is enabled (currently a build-time decision), use CC as the default GC.
-    collector_type_ = gc::kCollectorTypeCC;
-    background_collector_type_ = gc::kCollectorTypeCC;  // Disable background compaction for CC.
-    interpreter_only_ = true;  // Disable the compiler for CC (for now).
-    // use_tlab_ = true;
-  }
+    hook_abort_(nullptr) {                          // We don't call abort(3) by default; see
+                                                    // Runtime::Abort
 }
 
-ParsedOptions* ParsedOptions::Create(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized) {
+ParsedOptions* ParsedOptions::Create(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized,
+                                     RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options) {
+  CHECK(runtime_options != nullptr);
+
   std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> parsed(new ParsedOptions());
-  if (parsed->Parse(options, ignore_unrecognized)) {
+  if (parsed->Parse(options, ignore_unrecognized, runtime_options)) {
     return parsed.release();
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-// Parse a string of the form /[0-9]+[kKmMgG]?/, which is used to specify
-// memory sizes.  [kK] indicates kilobytes, [mM] megabytes, and
-// [gG] gigabytes.
-//
-// "s" should point just past the "-Xm?" part of the string.
-// "div" specifies a divisor, e.g. 1024 if the value must be a multiple
-// of 1024.
-//
-// The spec says the -Xmx and -Xms options must be multiples of 1024.  It
-// doesn't say anything about -Xss.
-//
-// Returns 0 (a useless size) if "s" is malformed or specifies a low or
-// non-evenly-divisible value.
-//
-size_t ParseMemoryOption(const char* s, size_t div) {
-  // strtoul accepts a leading [+-], which we don't want,
-  // so make sure our string starts with a decimal digit.
-  if (isdigit(*s)) {
-    char* s2;
-    size_t val = strtoul(s, &s2, 10);
-    if (s2 != s) {
-      // s2 should be pointing just after the number.
-      // If this is the end of the string, the user
-      // has specified a number of bytes.  Otherwise,
-      // there should be exactly one more character
-      // that specifies a multiplier.
-      if (*s2 != '\0') {
-        // The remainder of the string is either a single multiplier
-        // character, or nothing to indicate that the value is in
-        // bytes.
-        char c = *s2++;
-        if (*s2 == '\0') {
-          size_t mul;
-          if (c == '\0') {
-            mul = 1;
-          } else if (c == 'k' || c == 'K') {
-            mul = KB;
-          } else if (c == 'm' || c == 'M') {
-            mul = MB;
-          } else if (c == 'g' || c == 'G') {
-            mul = GB;
-          } else {
-            // Unknown multiplier character.
-            return 0;
-          }
+using RuntimeParser = CmdlineParser<RuntimeArgumentMap, RuntimeArgumentMap::Key>;
 
-          if (val <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / mul) {
-            val *= mul;
-          } else {
-            // Clamp to a multiple of 1024.
-            val = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() & ~(1024-1);
-          }
-        } else {
-          // There's more than one character after the numeric part.
-          return 0;
-        }
-      }
-      // The man page says that a -Xm value must be a multiple of 1024.
-      if (val % div == 0) {
-        return val;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
+// Yes, the stack frame is huge. But we get called super early on (and just once)
+// to pass the command line arguments, so we'll probably be ok.
+// Ideas to avoid suppressing this diagnostic are welcome!
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wframe-larger-than="
+
+std::unique_ptr<RuntimeParser> ParsedOptions::MakeParser(bool ignore_unrecognized) {
+  using M = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<RuntimeParser::Builder> parser_builder =
+      std::unique_ptr<RuntimeParser::Builder>(new RuntimeParser::Builder());
+
+  parser_builder->
+       Define("-Xzygote")
+          .IntoKey(M::Zygote)
+      .Define("-help")
+          .IntoKey(M::Help)
+      .Define("-showversion")
+          .IntoKey(M::ShowVersion)
+      .Define("-Xbootclasspath:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::BootClassPath)
+      .Define("-Xbootclasspath-locations:_")
+          .WithType<ParseStringList<':'>>()  // std::vector<std::string>, split by :
+          .IntoKey(M::BootClassPathLocations)
+      .Define({"-classpath _", "-cp _"})
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::ClassPath)
+      .Define("-Ximage:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::Image)
+      .Define("-Xcheck:jni")
+          .IntoKey(M::CheckJni)
+      .Define("-Xjniopts:forcecopy")
+          .IntoKey(M::JniOptsForceCopy)
+      .Define({"-Xrunjdwp:_", "-agentlib:jdwp=_"})
+          .WithType<JDWP::JdwpOptions>()
+          .IntoKey(M::JdwpOptions)
+      .Define("-Xms_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::MemoryInitialSize)
+      .Define("-Xmx_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::MemoryMaximumSize)
+      .Define("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::HeapGrowthLimit)
+      .Define("-XX:HeapMinFree=_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::HeapMinFree)
+      .Define("-XX:HeapMaxFree=_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::HeapMaxFree)
+      .Define("-XX:NonMovingSpaceCapacity=_")
+          .WithType<MemoryKiB>()
+          .IntoKey(M::NonMovingSpaceCapacity)
+      .Define("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=_")
+          .WithType<double>().WithRange(0.1, 0.9)
+          .IntoKey(M::HeapTargetUtilization)
+      .Define("-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=_")
+          .WithType<double>().WithRange(0.1, 1.0)
+          .IntoKey(M::ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier)
+      .Define("-XX:ParallelGCThreads=_")
+          .WithType<unsigned int>()
+          .IntoKey(M::ParallelGCThreads)
+      .Define("-XX:ConcGCThreads=_")
+          .WithType<unsigned int>()
+          .IntoKey(M::ConcGCThreads)
+      .Define("-Xss_")
+          .WithType<Memory<1>>()
+          .IntoKey(M::StackSize)
+      .Define("-XX:MaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation=_")
+          .WithType<unsigned int>()
+          .IntoKey(M::MaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation)
+      .Define("-XX:LongPauseLogThreshold=_")  // in ms
+          .WithType<MillisecondsToNanoseconds>()  // store as ns
+          .IntoKey(M::LongPauseLogThreshold)
+      .Define("-XX:LongGCLogThreshold=_")  // in ms
+          .WithType<MillisecondsToNanoseconds>()  // store as ns
+          .IntoKey(M::LongGCLogThreshold)
+      .Define("-XX:DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown")
+          .IntoKey(M::DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown)
+      .Define("-XX:IgnoreMaxFootprint")
+          .IntoKey(M::IgnoreMaxFootprint)
+      .Define("-XX:LowMemoryMode")
+          .IntoKey(M::LowMemoryMode)
+      .Define("-XX:UseTLAB")
+          .IntoKey(M::UseTLAB)
+      .Define({"-XX:EnableHSpaceCompactForOOM", "-XX:DisableHSpaceCompactForOOM"})
+          .WithValues({true, false})
+          .IntoKey(M::EnableHSpaceCompactForOOM)
+      .Define("-XX:HspaceCompactForOOMMinIntervalMs=_")  // in ms
+          .WithType<MillisecondsToNanoseconds>()  // store as ns
+          .IntoKey(M::HSpaceCompactForOOMMinIntervalsMs)
+      .Define("-D_")
+          .WithType<std::vector<std::string>>().AppendValues()
+          .IntoKey(M::PropertiesList)
+      .Define("-Xjnitrace:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::JniTrace)
+      .Define("-Xpatchoat:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::PatchOat)
+      .Define({"-Xrelocate", "-Xnorelocate"})
+          .WithValues({true, false})
+          .IntoKey(M::Relocate)
+      .Define({"-Xdex2oat", "-Xnodex2oat"})
+          .WithValues({true, false})
+          .IntoKey(M::Dex2Oat)
+      .Define({"-Ximage-dex2oat", "-Xnoimage-dex2oat"})
+          .WithValues({true, false})
+          .IntoKey(M::ImageDex2Oat)
+      .Define("-Xint")
+          .WithValue(true)
+          .IntoKey(M::Interpret)
+      .Define("-Xgc:_")
+          .WithType<XGcOption>()
+          .IntoKey(M::GcOption)
+      .Define("-XX:LargeObjectSpace=_")
+          .WithType<gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType>()
+          .WithValueMap({{"disabled", gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kDisabled},
+                         {"freelist", gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kFreeList},
+                         {"map",      gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kMap}})
+          .IntoKey(M::LargeObjectSpace)
+      .Define("-XX:LargeObjectThreshold=_")
+          .WithType<Memory<1>>()
+          .IntoKey(M::LargeObjectThreshold)
+      .Define("-XX:BackgroundGC=_")
+          .WithType<BackgroundGcOption>()
+          .IntoKey(M::BackgroundGc)
+      .Define("-XX:+DisableExplicitGC")
+          .IntoKey(M::DisableExplicitGC)
+      .Define("-verbose:_")
+          .WithType<LogVerbosity>()
+          .IntoKey(M::Verbose)
+      .Define("-Xlockprofthreshold:_")
+          .WithType<unsigned int>()
+          .IntoKey(M::LockProfThreshold)
+      .Define("-Xstacktracefile:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::StackTraceFile)
+      .Define("-Xmethod-trace")
+          .IntoKey(M::MethodTrace)
+      .Define("-Xmethod-trace-file:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::MethodTraceFile)
+      .Define("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:_")
+          .WithType<unsigned int>()
+          .IntoKey(M::MethodTraceFileSize)
+      .Define("-Xprofile:_")
+          .WithType<TraceClockSource>()
+          .WithValueMap({{"threadcpuclock", TraceClockSource::kThreadCpu},
+                         {"wallclock",      TraceClockSource::kWall},
+                         {"dualclock",      TraceClockSource::kDual}})
+          .IntoKey(M::ProfileClock)
+      .Define("-Xenable-profiler")
+          .WithType<TestProfilerOptions>()
+          .AppendValues()
+          .IntoKey(M::ProfilerOpts)  // NOTE: Appends into same key as -Xprofile-*
+      .Define("-Xprofile-_")  // -Xprofile-<key>:<value>
+          .WithType<TestProfilerOptions>()
+          .AppendValues()
+          .IntoKey(M::ProfilerOpts)  // NOTE: Appends into same key as -Xenable-profiler
+      .Define("-Xcompiler:_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::Compiler)
+      .Define("-Xcompiler-option _")
+          .WithType<std::vector<std::string>>()
+          .AppendValues()
+          .IntoKey(M::CompilerOptions)
+      .Define("-Ximage-compiler-option _")
+          .WithType<std::vector<std::string>>()
+          .AppendValues()
+          .IntoKey(M::ImageCompilerOptions)
+      .Define("-Xverify:_")
+          .WithType<bool>()
+          .WithValueMap({{"none", false},
+                         {"remote", true},
+                         {"all", true}})
+          .IntoKey(M::Verify)
+      .Define("-XX:NativeBridge=_")
+          .WithType<std::string>()
+          .IntoKey(M::NativeBridge)
+      .Ignore({
+          "-ea", "-da", "-enableassertions", "-disableassertions", "--runtime-arg", "-esa",
+          "-dsa", "-enablesystemassertions", "-disablesystemassertions", "-Xrs", "-Xint:_",
+          "-Xdexopt:_", "-Xnoquithandler", "-Xjnigreflimit:_", "-Xgenregmap", "-Xnogenregmap",
+          "-Xverifyopt:_", "-Xcheckdexsum", "-Xincludeselectedop", "-Xjitop:_",
+          "-Xincludeselectedmethod", "-Xjitthreshold:_", "-Xjitcodecachesize:_",
+          "-Xjitblocking", "-Xjitmethod:_", "-Xjitclass:_", "-Xjitoffset:_",
+          "-Xjitconfig:_", "-Xjitcheckcg", "-Xjitverbose", "-Xjitprofile",
+          "-Xjitdisableopt", "-Xjitsuspendpoll", "-XX:mainThreadStackSize=_"})
+      .IgnoreUnrecognized(ignore_unrecognized);
+
+  // TODO: Move Usage information into this DSL.
+
+  return std::unique_ptr<RuntimeParser>(new RuntimeParser(parser_builder->Build()));
 }
 
-static gc::CollectorType ParseCollectorType(const std::string& option) {
-  if (option == "MS" || option == "nonconcurrent") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeMS;
-  } else if (option == "CMS" || option == "concurrent") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeCMS;
-  } else if (option == "SS") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeSS;
-  } else if (option == "GSS") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeGSS;
-  } else if (option == "CC") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeCC;
-  } else if (option == "MC") {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeMC;
-  } else {
-    return gc::kCollectorTypeNone;
-  }
-}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
-bool ParsedOptions::ParseXGcOption(const std::string& option) {
-  std::vector<std::string> gc_options;
-  Split(option.substr(strlen("-Xgc:")), ',', &gc_options);
-  for (const std::string& gc_option : gc_options) {
-    gc::CollectorType collector_type = ParseCollectorType(gc_option);
-    if (collector_type != gc::kCollectorTypeNone) {
-      collector_type_ = collector_type;
-    } else if (gc_option == "preverify") {
-      verify_pre_gc_heap_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopreverify") {
-      verify_pre_gc_heap_ = false;
-    }  else if (gc_option == "presweepingverify") {
-      verify_pre_sweeping_heap_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopresweepingverify") {
-      verify_pre_sweeping_heap_ = false;
-    } else if (gc_option == "postverify") {
-      verify_post_gc_heap_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopostverify") {
-      verify_post_gc_heap_ = false;
-    } else if (gc_option == "preverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopreverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_ = false;
-    } else if (gc_option == "presweepingverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopresweepingverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_ = false;
-    } else if (gc_option == "postverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_post_gc_rosalloc_ = true;
-    } else if (gc_option == "nopostverify_rosalloc") {
-      verify_post_gc_rosalloc_ = false;
-    } else if ((gc_option == "precise") ||
-               (gc_option == "noprecise") ||
-               (gc_option == "verifycardtable") ||
-               (gc_option == "noverifycardtable")) {
-      // Ignored for backwards compatibility.
+// Remove all the special options that have something in the void* part of the option.
+// If runtime_options is not null, put the options in there.
+// As a side-effect, populate the hooks from options.
+bool ParsedOptions::ProcessSpecialOptions(const RuntimeOptions& options,
+                                          RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options,
+                                          std::vector<std::string>* out_options) {
+  using M = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+
+  // TODO: Move the below loop into JNI
+  // Handle special options that set up hooks
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string option(options[i].first);
+      // TODO: support -Djava.class.path
+    if (option == "bootclasspath") {
+      auto boot_class_path
+          = reinterpret_cast<const std::vector<const DexFile*>*>(options[i].second);
+
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::BootClassPathDexList, boot_class_path);
+      }
+    } else if (option == "compilercallbacks") {
+      CompilerCallbacks* compiler_callbacks =
+          reinterpret_cast<CompilerCallbacks*>(const_cast<void*>(options[i].second));
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::CompilerCallbacksPtr, compiler_callbacks);
+      }
+    } else if (option == "imageinstructionset") {
+      const char* isa_str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(options[i].second);
+      auto&& image_isa = GetInstructionSetFromString(isa_str);
+      if (image_isa == kNone) {
+        Usage("%s is not a valid instruction set.", isa_str);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::ImageInstructionSet, image_isa);
+      }
+    } else if (option == "sensitiveThread") {
+      const void* hook = options[i].second;
+      bool (*hook_is_sensitive_thread)() = reinterpret_cast<bool (*)()>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
+
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::HookIsSensitiveThread, hook_is_sensitive_thread);
+      }
+    } else if (option == "vfprintf") {
+      const void* hook = options[i].second;
+      if (hook == nullptr) {
+        Usage("vfprintf argument was NULL");
+        return false;
+      }
+      int (*hook_vfprintf)(FILE *, const char*, va_list) =
+          reinterpret_cast<int (*)(FILE *, const char*, va_list)>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
+
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::HookVfprintf, hook_vfprintf);
+      }
+      hook_vfprintf_ = hook_vfprintf;
+    } else if (option == "exit") {
+      const void* hook = options[i].second;
+      if (hook == nullptr) {
+        Usage("exit argument was NULL");
+        return false;
+      }
+      void(*hook_exit)(jint) = reinterpret_cast<void(*)(jint)>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::HookExit, hook_exit);
+      }
+      hook_exit_ = hook_exit;
+    } else if (option == "abort") {
+      const void* hook = options[i].second;
+      if (hook == nullptr) {
+        Usage("abort was NULL\n");
+        return false;
+      }
+      void(*hook_abort)() = reinterpret_cast<void(*)()>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
+      if (runtime_options != nullptr) {
+        runtime_options->Set(M::HookAbort, hook_abort);
+      }
+      hook_abort_ = hook_abort;
     } else {
-      Usage("Unknown -Xgc option %s\n", gc_option.c_str());
-      return false;
+      // It is a regular option, that doesn't have a known 'second' value.
+      // Push it on to the regular options which will be parsed by our parser.
+      if (out_options != nullptr) {
+        out_options->push_back(option);
+      }
     }
   }
+
   return true;
 }
 
-bool ParsedOptions::Parse(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized) {
-  const char* boot_class_path_string = getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH");
-  if (boot_class_path_string != NULL) {
-    boot_class_path_string_ = boot_class_path_string;
-  }
-  const char* class_path_string = getenv("CLASSPATH");
-  if (class_path_string != NULL) {
-    class_path_string_ = class_path_string;
-  }
-
-  // Default to number of processors minus one since the main GC thread also does work.
-  parallel_gc_threads_ = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF) - 1;
-
+bool ParsedOptions::Parse(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized,
+                          RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options) {
 //  gLogVerbosity.class_linker = true;  // TODO: don't check this in!
 //  gLogVerbosity.compiler = true;  // TODO: don't check this in!
 //  gLogVerbosity.gc = true;  // TODO: don't check this in!
@@ -279,435 +366,110 @@
       LOG(INFO) << "option[" << i << "]=" << options[i].first;
     }
   }
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
-    const std::string option(options[i].first);
-    if (StartsWith(option, "-help")) {
-      Usage(nullptr);
-      return false;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-showversion")) {
-      UsageMessage(stdout, "ART version %s\n", Runtime::GetVersion());
+
+  auto parser = MakeParser(ignore_unrecognized);
+
+  // Convert to a simple string list (without the magic pointer options)
+  std::vector<std::string> argv_list;
+  if (!ProcessSpecialOptions(options, nullptr, &argv_list)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  CmdlineResult parse_result = parser->Parse(argv_list);
+
+  // Handle parse errors by displaying the usage and potentially exiting.
+  if (parse_result.IsError()) {
+    if (parse_result.GetStatus() == CmdlineResult::kUsage) {
+      UsageMessage(stdout, "%s\n", parse_result.GetMessage().c_str());
       Exit(0);
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xbootclasspath:")) {
-      boot_class_path_string_ = option.substr(strlen("-Xbootclasspath:")).data();
-      LOG(INFO) << "setting boot class path to " << boot_class_path_string_;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xbootclasspath-locations:")) {
-      boot_class_path_locations_string_ = option.substr(
-          strlen("-Xbootclasspath-locations:")).data();
-    } else if (option == "-classpath" || option == "-cp") {
-      // TODO: support -Djava.class.path
-      i++;
-      if (i == options.size()) {
-        Usage("Missing required class path value for %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      const StringPiece& value = options[i].first;
-      class_path_string_ = value.data();
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Ximage:")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, ':', &image_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xcheck:jni")) {
-      check_jni_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xjniopts:forcecopy")) {
-      force_copy_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xrunjdwp:") || StartsWith(option, "-agentlib:jdwp=")) {
-      std::string tail(option.substr(option[1] == 'X' ? 10 : 15));
-      // TODO: move parsing logic out of Dbg
-      if (tail == "help" || !Dbg::ParseJdwpOptions(tail)) {
-        if (tail != "help") {
-          UsageMessage(stderr, "Failed to parse JDWP option %s\n", tail.c_str());
-        }
-        Usage("Example: -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y\n"
-              "Example: -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=localhost:6500,server=n\n");
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xms")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-Xms")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_initial_size_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xmx")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-Xmx")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_maximum_size_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_growth_limit_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:HeapMinFree=")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-XX:HeapMinFree=")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_min_free_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_max_free_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:NonMovingSpaceCapacity=")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(
-          option.substr(strlen("-XX:NonMovingSpaceCapacity=")).c_str(), 1024);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      heap_non_moving_space_capacity_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")) {
-      if (!ParseDouble(option, '=', 0.1, 0.9, &heap_target_utilization_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=")) {
-      if (!ParseDouble(option, '=', 0.1, 10.0, &foreground_heap_growth_multiplier_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:ParallelGCThreads=")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &parallel_gc_threads_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:ConcGCThreads=")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &conc_gc_threads_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xss")) {
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(option.substr(strlen("-Xss")).c_str(), 1);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      stack_size_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:MaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation=")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:LongPauseLogThreshold=")) {
-      unsigned int value;
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &value)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      long_pause_log_threshold_ = MsToNs(value);
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:LongGCLogThreshold=")) {
-      unsigned int value;
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &value)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      long_gc_log_threshold_ = MsToNs(value);
-    } else if (option == "-XX:DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown") {
-      dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-XX:IgnoreMaxFootprint") {
-      ignore_max_footprint_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-XX:LowMemoryMode") {
-      low_memory_mode_ = true;
-      // TODO Might want to turn off must_relocate here.
-    } else if (option == "-XX:UseTLAB") {
-      use_tlab_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-XX:EnableHSpaceCompactForOOM") {
-      use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-XX:DisableHSpaceCompactForOOM") {
-      use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_ = false;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:HspaceCompactForOOMMinIntervalMs=")) {
-      unsigned int value;
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, '=', &value)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      min_interval_homogeneous_space_compaction_by_oom_ = MsToNs(value);
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-D")) {
-      properties_.push_back(option.substr(strlen("-D")));
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xjnitrace:")) {
-      jni_trace_ = option.substr(strlen("-Xjnitrace:"));
-    } else if (option == "compilercallbacks") {
-      compiler_callbacks_ =
-          reinterpret_cast<CompilerCallbacks*>(const_cast<void*>(options[i].second));
-    } else if (option == "imageinstructionset") {
-      const char* isa_str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(options[i].second);
-      image_isa_ = GetInstructionSetFromString(isa_str);
-      if (image_isa_ == kNone) {
-        Usage("%s is not a valid instruction set.", isa_str);
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xzygote") {
-      is_zygote_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xpatchoat:")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, ':', &patchoat_executable_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xrelocate") {
-      must_relocate_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-Xnorelocate") {
-      must_relocate_ = false;
-    } else if (option == "-Xnodex2oat") {
-      dex2oat_enabled_ = false;
-    } else if (option == "-Xdex2oat") {
-      dex2oat_enabled_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-Xnoimage-dex2oat") {
-      image_dex2oat_enabled_ = false;
-    } else if (option == "-Ximage-dex2oat") {
-      image_dex2oat_enabled_ = true;
-    } else if (option == "-Xint") {
-      interpreter_only_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xgc:")) {
-      if (!ParseXGcOption(option)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:LargeObjectSpace=")) {
-      std::string substring;
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, '=', &substring)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (substring == "disabled") {
-        large_object_space_type_ = gc::space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeDisabled;
-      } else if (substring == "freelist") {
-        large_object_space_type_ = gc::space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeFreeList;
-      } else if (substring == "map") {
-        large_object_space_type_ = gc::space::kLargeObjectSpaceTypeMap;
-      } else {
-        Usage("Unknown -XX:LargeObjectSpace= option %s\n", substring.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:LargeObjectThreshold=")) {
-      std::string substring;
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, '=', &substring)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      size_t size = ParseMemoryOption(substring.c_str(), 1);
-      if (size == 0) {
-        Usage("Failed to parse memory option %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      large_object_threshold_ = size;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:BackgroundGC=")) {
-      std::string substring;
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, '=', &substring)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      // Special handling for HSpaceCompact since this is only valid as a background GC type.
-      if (substring == "HSpaceCompact") {
-        background_collector_type_ = gc::kCollectorTypeHomogeneousSpaceCompact;
-      } else {
-        gc::CollectorType collector_type = ParseCollectorType(substring);
-        if (collector_type != gc::kCollectorTypeNone) {
-          background_collector_type_ = collector_type;
-        } else {
-          Usage("Unknown -XX:BackgroundGC option %s\n", substring.c_str());
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-XX:+DisableExplicitGC") {
-      is_explicit_gc_disabled_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-verbose:")) {
-      std::vector<std::string> verbose_options;
-      Split(option.substr(strlen("-verbose:")), ',', &verbose_options);
-      for (size_t j = 0; j < verbose_options.size(); ++j) {
-        if (verbose_options[j] == "class") {
-          gLogVerbosity.class_linker = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "compiler") {
-          gLogVerbosity.compiler = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "gc") {
-          gLogVerbosity.gc = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "heap") {
-          gLogVerbosity.heap = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "jdwp") {
-          gLogVerbosity.jdwp = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "jni") {
-          gLogVerbosity.jni = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "monitor") {
-          gLogVerbosity.monitor = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "profiler") {
-          gLogVerbosity.profiler = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "signals") {
-          gLogVerbosity.signals = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "startup") {
-          gLogVerbosity.startup = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "third-party-jni") {
-          gLogVerbosity.third_party_jni = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "threads") {
-          gLogVerbosity.threads = true;
-        } else if (verbose_options[j] == "verifier") {
-          gLogVerbosity.verifier = true;
-        } else {
-          Usage("Unknown -verbose option %s\n", verbose_options[j].c_str());
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xlockprofthreshold:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &lock_profiling_threshold_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xstacktracefile:")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, ':', &stack_trace_file_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "sensitiveThread") {
-      const void* hook = options[i].second;
-      hook_is_sensitive_thread_ = reinterpret_cast<bool (*)()>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
-    } else if (option == "vfprintf") {
-      const void* hook = options[i].second;
-      if (hook == nullptr) {
-        Usage("vfprintf argument was NULL");
-        return false;
-      }
-      hook_vfprintf_ =
-          reinterpret_cast<int (*)(FILE *, const char*, va_list)>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
-    } else if (option == "exit") {
-      const void* hook = options[i].second;
-      if (hook == nullptr) {
-        Usage("exit argument was NULL");
-        return false;
-      }
-      hook_exit_ = reinterpret_cast<void(*)(jint)>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
-    } else if (option == "abort") {
-      const void* hook = options[i].second;
-      if (hook == nullptr) {
-        Usage("abort was NULL\n");
-        return false;
-      }
-      hook_abort_ = reinterpret_cast<void(*)()>(const_cast<void*>(hook));
-    } else if (option == "-Xmethod-trace") {
-      method_trace_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xmethod-trace-file:")) {
-      method_trace_file_ = option.substr(strlen("-Xmethod-trace-file:"));
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &method_trace_file_size_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile:threadcpuclock") {
-      Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(kTraceClockSourceThreadCpu);
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile:wallclock") {
-      Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(kTraceClockSourceWall);
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile:dualclock") {
-      Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(kTraceClockSourceDual);
-    } else if (option == "-Xenable-profiler") {
-      profiler_options_.enabled_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-filename:")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, ':', &profile_output_filename_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-period:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &profiler_options_.period_s_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-duration:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &profiler_options_.duration_s_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-interval:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &profiler_options_.interval_us_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-backoff:")) {
-      if (!ParseDouble(option, ':', 1.0, 10.0, &profiler_options_.backoff_coefficient_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile-start-immediately") {
-      profiler_options_.start_immediately_ = true;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-top-k-threshold:")) {
-      if (!ParseDouble(option, ':', 0.0, 100.0, &profiler_options_.top_k_threshold_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-top-k-change-threshold:")) {
-      if (!ParseDouble(option, ':', 0.0, 100.0, &profiler_options_.top_k_change_threshold_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile-type:method") {
-      profiler_options_.profile_type_ = kProfilerMethod;
-    } else if (option == "-Xprofile-type:stack") {
-      profiler_options_.profile_type_ = kProfilerBoundedStack;
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xprofile-max-stack-depth:")) {
-      if (!ParseUnsignedInteger(option, ':', &profiler_options_.max_stack_depth_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xcompiler:")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, ':', &compiler_executable_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (option == "-Xcompiler-option") {
-      i++;
-      if (i == options.size()) {
-        Usage("Missing required compiler option for %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      compiler_options_.push_back(options[i].first);
-    } else if (option == "-Ximage-compiler-option") {
-      i++;
-      if (i == options.size()) {
-        Usage("Missing required compiler option for %s\n", option.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-      image_compiler_options_.push_back(options[i].first);
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-Xverify:")) {
-      std::string verify_mode = option.substr(strlen("-Xverify:"));
-      if (verify_mode == "none") {
-        verify_ = false;
-      } else if (verify_mode == "remote" || verify_mode == "all") {
-        verify_ = true;
-      } else {
-        Usage("Unknown -Xverify option %s\n", verify_mode.c_str());
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-XX:NativeBridge=")) {
-      if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, '=', &native_bridge_library_filename_)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if (StartsWith(option, "-ea") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-da") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-enableassertions") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-disableassertions") ||
-               (option == "--runtime-arg") ||
-               (option == "-esa") ||
-               (option == "-dsa") ||
-               (option == "-enablesystemassertions") ||
-               (option == "-disablesystemassertions") ||
-               (option == "-Xrs") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xint:") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xdexopt:") ||
-               (option == "-Xnoquithandler") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjnigreflimit:") ||
-               (option == "-Xgenregmap") ||
-               (option == "-Xnogenregmap") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xverifyopt:") ||
-               (option == "-Xcheckdexsum") ||
-               (option == "-Xincludeselectedop") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitop:") ||
-               (option == "-Xincludeselectedmethod") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitthreshold:") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitcodecachesize:") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitblocking") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitmethod:") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitclass:") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitoffset:") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-Xjitconfig:") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitcheckcg") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitverbose") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitprofile") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitdisableopt") ||
-               (option == "-Xjitsuspendpoll") ||
-               StartsWith(option, "-XX:mainThreadStackSize=")) {
-      // Ignored for backwards compatibility.
-    } else if (!ignore_unrecognized) {
-      Usage("Unrecognized option %s\n", option.c_str());
+    } else if (parse_result.GetStatus() == CmdlineResult::kUnknown && !ignore_unrecognized) {
+      Usage("%s\n", parse_result.GetMessage().c_str());
       return false;
+    } else {
+      Usage("%s\n", parse_result.GetMessage().c_str());
+      Exit(0);
+    }
+
+    UNREACHABLE();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  using M = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+  RuntimeArgumentMap args = parser->ReleaseArgumentsMap();
+
+  // -help, -showversion, etc.
+  if (args.Exists(M::Help)) {
+    Usage(nullptr);
+    return false;
+  } else if (args.Exists(M::ShowVersion)) {
+    UsageMessage(stdout, "ART version %s\n", Runtime::GetVersion());
+    Exit(0);
+  } else if (args.Exists(M::BootClassPath)) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "setting boot class path to " << *args.Get(M::BootClassPath);
+  }
+
+  // Set a default boot class path if we didn't get an explicit one via command line.
+  if (getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH") != nullptr) {
+    args.SetIfMissing(M::BootClassPath, std::string(getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH")));
+  }
+
+  // Set a default class path if we didn't get an explicit one via command line.
+  if (getenv("CLASSPATH") != nullptr) {
+    args.SetIfMissing(M::ClassPath, std::string(getenv("CLASSPATH")));
+  }
+
+  // Default to number of processors minus one since the main GC thread also does work.
+  args.SetIfMissing(M::ParallelGCThreads,
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF) - 1u));
+
+  // -Xverbose:
+  {
+    LogVerbosity *log_verbosity = args.Get(M::Verbose);
+    if (log_verbosity != nullptr) {
+      gLogVerbosity = *log_verbosity;
     }
   }
-  // If not set, background collector type defaults to homogeneous compaction.
-  // If foreground is GSS, use GSS as background collector.
-  // If not low memory mode, semispace otherwise.
-  if (background_collector_type_ == gc::kCollectorTypeNone) {
-    if (collector_type_ != gc::kCollectorTypeGSS) {
-      background_collector_type_ = low_memory_mode_ ?
-          gc::kCollectorTypeSS : gc::kCollectorTypeHomogeneousSpaceCompact;
-    } else {
-      background_collector_type_ = collector_type_;
+
+  // -Xprofile:
+  Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(args.GetOrDefault(M::ProfileClock));
+
+  if (!ProcessSpecialOptions(options, &args, nullptr)) {
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  {
+    // If not set, background collector type defaults to homogeneous compaction.
+    // If foreground is GSS, use GSS as background collector.
+    // If not low memory mode, semispace otherwise.
+
+    gc::CollectorType background_collector_type_;
+    gc::CollectorType collector_type_ = (XGcOption{}).collector_type_;  // NOLINT [whitespace/braces] [5]
+    bool low_memory_mode_ = args.Exists(M::LowMemoryMode);
+
+    background_collector_type_ = args.GetOrDefault(M::BackgroundGc);
+    {
+      XGcOption* xgc = args.Get(M::GcOption);
+      if (xgc != nullptr && xgc->collector_type_ != gc::kCollectorTypeNone) {
+        collector_type_ = xgc->collector_type_;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (background_collector_type_ == gc::kCollectorTypeNone) {
+      if (collector_type_ != gc::kCollectorTypeGSS) {
+        background_collector_type_ = low_memory_mode_ ?
+            gc::kCollectorTypeSS : gc::kCollectorTypeHomogeneousSpaceCompact;
+      } else {
+        background_collector_type_ = collector_type_;
+      }
+    }
+
+    args.Set(M::BackgroundGc, BackgroundGcOption { background_collector_type_ });
+    {
+      XGcOption* xgc = args.Get(M::GcOption);
+      if (xgc != nullptr) {
+        xgc->collector_type_ = collector_type_;
+        args.Set(M::GcOption, *xgc);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -723,38 +485,45 @@
   std::string core_jar("/core-hostdex.jar");
   std::string core_libart_jar("/core-libart-hostdex.jar");
 #endif
-  size_t core_jar_pos = boot_class_path_string_.find(core_jar);
+  auto boot_class_path_string = args.GetOrDefault(M::BootClassPath);
+
+  size_t core_jar_pos = boot_class_path_string.find(core_jar);
   if (core_jar_pos != std::string::npos) {
-    boot_class_path_string_.replace(core_jar_pos, core_jar.size(), core_libart_jar);
+    boot_class_path_string.replace(core_jar_pos, core_jar.size(), core_libart_jar);
+    args.Set(M::BootClassPath, boot_class_path_string);
   }
 
-  if (!boot_class_path_locations_string_.empty()) {
-    std::vector<std::string> files;
-    Split(boot_class_path_string_, ':', &files);
+  {
+    auto&& boot_class_path = args.GetOrDefault(M::BootClassPath);
+    auto&& boot_class_path_locations = args.GetOrDefault(M::BootClassPathLocations);
+    if (args.Exists(M::BootClassPathLocations)) {
+      size_t boot_class_path_count = ParseStringList<':'>::Split(boot_class_path).Size();
 
-    std::vector<std::string> locations;
-    Split(boot_class_path_locations_string_, ':', &locations);
-
-    if (files.size() != locations.size()) {
-      Usage("The number of boot class path files does not match"
-          " the number of boot class path locations given\n"
-          "  boot class path files     (%zu): %s\n"
-          "  boot class path locations (%zu): %s\n",
-          files.size(), boot_class_path_string_.c_str(),
-          locations.size(), boot_class_path_locations_string_.c_str());
-      return false;
+      if (boot_class_path_count != boot_class_path_locations.Size()) {
+        Usage("The number of boot class path files does not match"
+            " the number of boot class path locations given\n"
+            "  boot class path files     (%zu): %s\n"
+            "  boot class path locations (%zu): %s\n",
+            boot_class_path.size(), boot_class_path_string.c_str(),
+            boot_class_path_locations.Size(), boot_class_path_locations.Join().c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  if (compiler_callbacks_ == nullptr && image_.empty()) {
-    image_ += GetAndroidRoot();
-    image_ += "/framework/boot.art";
+  if (!args.Exists(M::CompilerCallbacksPtr) && !args.Exists(M::Image)) {
+    std::string image = GetAndroidRoot();
+    image += "/framework/boot.art";
+    args.Set(M::Image, image);
   }
-  if (heap_growth_limit_ == 0) {
-    heap_growth_limit_ = heap_maximum_size_;
+
+  if (args.GetOrDefault(M::HeapGrowthLimit) == 0u) {  // 0 means no growth limit
+    args.Set(M::HeapGrowthLimit, args.GetOrDefault(M::MemoryMaximumSize));
   }
+
+  *runtime_options = std::move(args);
   return true;
-}  // NOLINT(readability/fn_size)
+}
 
 void ParsedOptions::Exit(int status) {
   hook_exit_(status);
@@ -831,7 +600,7 @@
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -Xgc:[no]presweepingverify\n");
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -Ximage:filename\n");
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -Xbootclasspath-locations:bootclasspath\n"
-      "     (override the dex locations of the -Xbootclasspath files)\n");
+                       "     (override the dex locations of the -Xbootclasspath files)\n");
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -XX:+DisableExplicitGC\n");
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -XX:ParallelGCThreads=integervalue\n");
   UsageMessage(stream, "  -XX:ConcGCThreads=integervalue\n");
@@ -907,73 +676,4 @@
   Exit((error) ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
-bool ParsedOptions::ParseStringAfterChar(const std::string& s, char c, std::string* parsed_value) {
-  std::string::size_type colon = s.find(c);
-  if (colon == std::string::npos) {
-    Usage("Missing char %c in option %s\n", c, s.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-  // Add one to remove the char we were trimming until.
-  *parsed_value = s.substr(colon + 1);
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool ParsedOptions::ParseInteger(const std::string& s, char after_char, int* parsed_value) {
-  std::string::size_type colon = s.find(after_char);
-  if (colon == std::string::npos) {
-    Usage("Missing char %c in option %s\n", after_char, s.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-  const char* begin = &s[colon + 1];
-  char* end;
-  size_t result = strtoul(begin, &end, 10);
-  if (begin == end || *end != '\0') {
-    Usage("Failed to parse integer from %s\n", s.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-  *parsed_value = result;
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool ParsedOptions::ParseUnsignedInteger(const std::string& s, char after_char,
-                                         unsigned int* parsed_value) {
-  int i;
-  if (!ParseInteger(s, after_char, &i)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (i < 0) {
-    Usage("Negative value %d passed for unsigned option %s\n", i, s.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-  *parsed_value = i;
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool ParsedOptions::ParseDouble(const std::string& option, char after_char,
-                                double min, double max, double* parsed_value) {
-  std::string substring;
-  if (!ParseStringAfterChar(option, after_char, &substring)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  bool sane_val = true;
-  double value;
-  if ((false)) {
-    // TODO: this doesn't seem to work on the emulator.  b/15114595
-    std::stringstream iss(substring);
-    iss >> value;
-    // Ensure that we have a value, there was no cruft after it and it satisfies a sensible range.
-    sane_val = iss.eof() && (value >= min) && (value <= max);
-  } else {
-    char* end = nullptr;
-    value = strtod(substring.c_str(), &end);
-    sane_val = *end == '\0' && value >= min && value <= max;
-  }
-  if (!sane_val) {
-    Usage("Invalid double value %s for option %s\n", substring.c_str(), option.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-  *parsed_value = value;
-  return true;
-}
-
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/parsed_options.h b/runtime/parsed_options.h
index c7162b8..529dd5c 100644
--- a/runtime/parsed_options.h
+++ b/runtime/parsed_options.h
@@ -27,92 +27,44 @@
 #include "gc/space/large_object_space.h"
 #include "arch/instruction_set.h"
 #include "profiler_options.h"
+#include "runtime_options.h"
 
 namespace art {
 
 class CompilerCallbacks;
 class DexFile;
+struct RuntimeArgumentMap;
 
 typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, const void*>> RuntimeOptions;
 
+template <typename TVariantMap,
+          template <typename TKeyValue> class TVariantMapKey>
+struct CmdlineParser;
+
 class ParsedOptions {
  public:
-  // returns null if problem parsing and ignore_unrecognized is false
-  static ParsedOptions* Create(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized);
+  using RuntimeParser = CmdlineParser<RuntimeArgumentMap, RuntimeArgumentMap::Key>;
+  // Create a parser that can turn user-defined input into a RuntimeArgumentMap.
+  // This visibility is effectively for testing-only, and normal code does not
+  // need to create its own parser.
+  static std::unique_ptr<RuntimeParser> MakeParser(bool ignore_unrecognized);
 
-  std::string boot_class_path_string_;
-  std::string boot_class_path_locations_string_;
-  std::string class_path_string_;
-  std::string image_;
-  bool check_jni_;
-  bool force_copy_;
-  std::string jni_trace_;
-  std::string native_bridge_library_filename_;
-  CompilerCallbacks* compiler_callbacks_;
-  bool is_zygote_;
-  bool must_relocate_;
-  bool dex2oat_enabled_;
-  bool image_dex2oat_enabled_;
-  std::string patchoat_executable_;
-  bool interpreter_only_;
-  bool is_explicit_gc_disabled_;
-  bool use_tlab_;
-  bool verify_pre_gc_heap_;
-  bool verify_pre_sweeping_heap_;
-  bool verify_post_gc_heap_;
-  bool verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_;
-  bool verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_;
-  bool verify_post_gc_rosalloc_;
-  unsigned int long_pause_log_threshold_;
-  unsigned int long_gc_log_threshold_;
-  bool dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_;
-  bool ignore_max_footprint_;
-  size_t heap_initial_size_;
-  size_t heap_maximum_size_;
-  size_t heap_growth_limit_;
-  size_t heap_min_free_;
-  size_t heap_max_free_;
-  size_t heap_non_moving_space_capacity_;
-  gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType large_object_space_type_;
-  size_t large_object_threshold_;
-  double heap_target_utilization_;
-  double foreground_heap_growth_multiplier_;
-  unsigned int parallel_gc_threads_;
-  unsigned int conc_gc_threads_;
-  gc::CollectorType collector_type_;
-  gc::CollectorType background_collector_type_;
-  size_t stack_size_;
-  unsigned int max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_;
-  bool low_memory_mode_;
-  unsigned int lock_profiling_threshold_;
-  std::string stack_trace_file_;
-  bool method_trace_;
-  std::string method_trace_file_;
-  unsigned int method_trace_file_size_;
+  // returns true if parsing succeeds, and stores the resulting options into runtime_options
+  static ParsedOptions* Create(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized,
+                               RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options);
+
   bool (*hook_is_sensitive_thread_)();
   jint (*hook_vfprintf_)(FILE* stream, const char* format, va_list ap);
   void (*hook_exit_)(jint status);
   void (*hook_abort_)();
-  std::vector<std::string> properties_;
-  std::string compiler_executable_;
-  std::vector<std::string> compiler_options_;
-  std::vector<std::string> image_compiler_options_;
-  ProfilerOptions profiler_options_;
-  std::string profile_output_filename_;
-  TraceClockSource profile_clock_source_;
-  bool verify_;
-  InstructionSet image_isa_;
-
-  // Whether or not we use homogeneous space compaction to avoid OOM errors. If enabled,
-  // the heap will attempt to create an extra space which enables compacting from a malloc space to
-  // another malloc space when we are about to throw OOM.
-  bool use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_;
-  // Minimal interval allowed between two homogeneous space compactions caused by OOM.
-  uint64_t min_interval_homogeneous_space_compaction_by_oom_;
 
  private:
   ParsedOptions();
 
+  bool ProcessSpecialOptions(const RuntimeOptions& options,
+                             RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options,
+                             std::vector<std::string>* out_options);
+
   void Usage(const char* fmt, ...);
   void UsageMessage(FILE* stream, const char* fmt, ...);
   void UsageMessageV(FILE* stream, const char* fmt, va_list ap);
@@ -120,13 +72,8 @@
   void Exit(int status);
   void Abort();
 
-  bool Parse(const RuntimeOptions& options,  bool ignore_unrecognized);
-  bool ParseXGcOption(const std::string& option);
-  bool ParseStringAfterChar(const std::string& option, char after_char, std::string* parsed_value);
-  bool ParseInteger(const std::string& option, char after_char, int* parsed_value);
-  bool ParseUnsignedInteger(const std::string& option, char after_char, unsigned int* parsed_value);
-  bool ParseDouble(const std::string& option, char after_char, double min, double max,
-                   double* parsed_value);
+  bool Parse(const RuntimeOptions& options,  bool ignore_unrecognized,
+             RuntimeArgumentMap* runtime_options);
 };
 
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/parsed_options_test.cc b/runtime/parsed_options_test.cc
index 61481b1..f68b632 100644
--- a/runtime/parsed_options_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/parsed_options_test.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
-class ParsedOptionsTest : public CommonRuntimeTest {};
+class ParsedOptionsTest : public ::testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(ParsedOptionsTest, ParsedOptions) {
   void* test_vfprintf = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xa);
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   void* test_exit = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xc);
   void* null = reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL);
 
-  std::string lib_core(GetLibCoreDexFileName());
+  std::string lib_core(CommonRuntimeTest::GetLibCoreDexFileName());
 
   std::string boot_class_path;
   boot_class_path += "-Xbootclasspath:";
@@ -54,20 +54,28 @@
   options.push_back(std::make_pair("vfprintf", test_vfprintf));
   options.push_back(std::make_pair("abort", test_abort));
   options.push_back(std::make_pair("exit", test_exit));
-  std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> parsed(ParsedOptions::Create(options, false));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parsed.get() != NULL);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(lib_core, parsed->boot_class_path_string_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(lib_core, parsed->class_path_string_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("boot_image"), parsed->image_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(true, parsed->check_jni_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(2048U, parsed->heap_initial_size_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(4 * KB, parsed->heap_maximum_size_);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1 * MB, parsed->stack_size_);
-  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.75, parsed->heap_target_utilization_);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(test_vfprintf == parsed->hook_vfprintf_);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(test_exit == parsed->hook_exit_);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(test_abort == parsed->hook_abort_);
+  RuntimeArgumentMap map;
+  std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> parsed(ParsedOptions::Create(options, false, &map));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parsed.get() != NULL);
+  ASSERT_NE(0u, map.Size());
+
+  using Opt = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+
+#define EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(expected, actual_key) EXPECT_EQ(expected, map.GetOrDefault(actual_key))
+#define EXPECT_PARSED_EXISTS(actual_key) EXPECT_TRUE(map.Exists(actual_key))
+
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(lib_core, Opt::BootClassPath);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(lib_core, Opt::ClassPath);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(std::string("boot_image"), Opt::Image);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EXISTS(Opt::CheckJni);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(2048U, Opt::MemoryInitialSize);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(4 * KB, Opt::MemoryMaximumSize);
+  EXPECT_PARSED_EQ(1 * MB, Opt::StackSize);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.75, map.GetOrDefault(Opt::HeapTargetUtilization));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_vfprintf == map.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookVfprintf));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_exit == map.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookExit));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_abort == map.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookAbort));
   EXPECT_TRUE(VLOG_IS_ON(class_linker));
   EXPECT_FALSE(VLOG_IS_ON(compiler));
   EXPECT_FALSE(VLOG_IS_ON(heap));
@@ -78,9 +86,11 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(VLOG_IS_ON(startup));
   EXPECT_FALSE(VLOG_IS_ON(third_party_jni));
   EXPECT_FALSE(VLOG_IS_ON(threads));
-  ASSERT_EQ(2U, parsed->properties_.size());
-  EXPECT_EQ("foo=bar", parsed->properties_[0]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("baz=qux", parsed->properties_[1]);
+
+  auto&& properties_list = map.GetOrDefault(Opt::PropertiesList);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, properties_list.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo=bar", properties_list[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz=qux", properties_list[1]);
 }
 
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/runtime.cc b/runtime/runtime.cc
index 3acac3a..4bb1741 100644
--- a/runtime/runtime.cc
+++ b/runtime/runtime.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <limits>
-#include <memory>
+#include <memory_representation.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@
 #include "profiler.h"
 #include "quick/quick_method_frame_info.h"
 #include "reflection.h"
+#include "runtime_options.h"
+#include "ScopedLocalRef.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "signal_catcher.h"
@@ -711,8 +713,11 @@
 
   MemMap::Init();
 
-  std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> options(ParsedOptions::Create(raw_options, ignore_unrecognized));
-  if (options.get() == nullptr) {
+  using Opt = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+  RuntimeArgumentMap runtime_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> parsed_options(
+      ParsedOptions::Create(raw_options, ignore_unrecognized, &runtime_options));
+  if (parsed_options.get() == nullptr) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse options";
     return false;
   }
@@ -720,76 +725,79 @@
 
   QuasiAtomic::Startup();
 
-  Monitor::Init(options->lock_profiling_threshold_, options->hook_is_sensitive_thread_);
+  Monitor::Init(runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::LockProfThreshold),
+                runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookIsSensitiveThread));
 
-  boot_class_path_string_ = options->boot_class_path_string_;
-  class_path_string_ = options->class_path_string_;
-  properties_ = options->properties_;
+  boot_class_path_string_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::BootClassPath);
+  class_path_string_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::ClassPath);
+  properties_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::PropertiesList);
 
-  compiler_callbacks_ = options->compiler_callbacks_;
-  patchoat_executable_ = options->patchoat_executable_;
-  must_relocate_ = options->must_relocate_;
-  is_zygote_ = options->is_zygote_;
-  is_explicit_gc_disabled_ = options->is_explicit_gc_disabled_;
-  dex2oat_enabled_ = options->dex2oat_enabled_;
-  image_dex2oat_enabled_ = options->image_dex2oat_enabled_;
+  compiler_callbacks_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::CompilerCallbacksPtr);
+  patchoat_executable_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::PatchOat);
+  must_relocate_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Relocate);
+  is_zygote_ = runtime_options.Exists(Opt::Zygote);
+  is_explicit_gc_disabled_ = runtime_options.Exists(Opt::DisableExplicitGC);
+  dex2oat_enabled_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Dex2Oat);
+  image_dex2oat_enabled_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ImageDex2Oat);
 
-  vfprintf_ = options->hook_vfprintf_;
-  exit_ = options->hook_exit_;
-  abort_ = options->hook_abort_;
+  vfprintf_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookVfprintf);
+  exit_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookExit);
+  abort_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HookAbort);
 
-  default_stack_size_ = options->stack_size_;
-  stack_trace_file_ = options->stack_trace_file_;
+  default_stack_size_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::StackSize);
+  stack_trace_file_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::StackTraceFile);
 
-  compiler_executable_ = options->compiler_executable_;
-  compiler_options_ = options->compiler_options_;
-  image_compiler_options_ = options->image_compiler_options_;
-  image_location_ = options->image_;
+  compiler_executable_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::Compiler);
+  compiler_options_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::CompilerOptions);
+  image_compiler_options_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::ImageCompilerOptions);
+  image_location_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Image);
 
-  max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_ = options->max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_;
+  max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_ =
+      runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::MaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation);
 
   monitor_list_ = new MonitorList;
   monitor_pool_ = MonitorPool::Create();
   thread_list_ = new ThreadList;
   intern_table_ = new InternTable;
 
-  verify_ = options->verify_;
+  verify_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Verify);
 
-  if (options->interpreter_only_) {
+  if (runtime_options.Exists(Opt::Interpret)) {
     GetInstrumentation()->ForceInterpretOnly();
   }
 
-  heap_ = new gc::Heap(options->heap_initial_size_,
-                       options->heap_growth_limit_,
-                       options->heap_min_free_,
-                       options->heap_max_free_,
-                       options->heap_target_utilization_,
-                       options->foreground_heap_growth_multiplier_,
-                       options->heap_maximum_size_,
-                       options->heap_non_moving_space_capacity_,
-                       options->image_,
-                       options->image_isa_,
-                       options->collector_type_,
-                       options->background_collector_type_,
-                       options->large_object_space_type_,
-                       options->large_object_threshold_,
-                       options->parallel_gc_threads_,
-                       options->conc_gc_threads_,
-                       options->low_memory_mode_,
-                       options->long_pause_log_threshold_,
-                       options->long_gc_log_threshold_,
-                       options->ignore_max_footprint_,
-                       options->use_tlab_,
-                       options->verify_pre_gc_heap_,
-                       options->verify_pre_sweeping_heap_,
-                       options->verify_post_gc_heap_,
-                       options->verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_,
-                       options->verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_,
-                       options->verify_post_gc_rosalloc_,
-                       options->use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_,
-                       options->min_interval_homogeneous_space_compaction_by_oom_);
+  XGcOption xgc_option = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::GcOption);
+  heap_ = new gc::Heap(runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::MemoryInitialSize),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HeapGrowthLimit),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HeapMinFree),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HeapMaxFree),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HeapTargetUtilization),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::MemoryMaximumSize),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::NonMovingSpaceCapacity),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Image),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ImageInstructionSet),
+                       xgc_option.collector_type_,
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::BackgroundGc),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::LargeObjectSpace),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::LargeObjectThreshold),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ParallelGCThreads),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ConcGCThreads),
+                       runtime_options.Exists(Opt::LowMemoryMode),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::LongPauseLogThreshold),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::LongGCLogThreshold),
+                       runtime_options.Exists(Opt::IgnoreMaxFootprint),
+                       runtime_options.Exists(Opt::UseTLAB),
+                       xgc_option.verify_pre_gc_heap_,
+                       xgc_option.verify_pre_sweeping_heap_,
+                       xgc_option.verify_post_gc_heap_,
+                       xgc_option.verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_,
+                       xgc_option.verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_,
+                       xgc_option.verify_post_gc_rosalloc_,
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::EnableHSpaceCompactForOOM),
+                       runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::HSpaceCompactForOOMMinIntervalsMs));
 
-  dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_ = options->dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_;
+  dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_ = runtime_options.Exists(Opt::DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown);
 
   BlockSignals();
   InitPlatformSignalHandlers();
@@ -840,7 +848,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  java_vm_ = new JavaVMExt(this, options.get());
+  java_vm_ = new JavaVMExt(this, runtime_options);
 
   Thread::Startup();
 
@@ -879,16 +887,20 @@
     Split(boot_class_path_string_, ':', &dex_filenames);
 
     std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
-    if (options->boot_class_path_locations_string_.empty()) {
+    if (!runtime_options.Exists(Opt::BootClassPathLocations)) {
       dex_locations = dex_filenames;
     } else {
-      Split(options->boot_class_path_locations_string_, ':', &dex_locations);
+      dex_locations = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::BootClassPathLocations);
       CHECK_EQ(dex_filenames.size(), dex_locations.size());
     }
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> boot_class_path;
-    OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_locations, options->image_, &boot_class_path);
+    OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames,
+                 dex_locations,
+                 runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::Image),
+                 &boot_class_path);
     class_linker_->InitWithoutImage(std::move(boot_class_path));
+
     // TODO: Should we move the following to InitWithoutImage?
     SetInstructionSet(kRuntimeISA);
     for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
@@ -907,20 +919,42 @@
 
   verifier::MethodVerifier::Init();
 
-  method_trace_ = options->method_trace_;
-  method_trace_file_ = options->method_trace_file_;
-  method_trace_file_size_ = options->method_trace_file_size_;
+  method_trace_ = runtime_options.Exists(Opt::MethodTrace);
+  method_trace_file_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::MethodTraceFile);
+  method_trace_file_size_ = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::MethodTraceFileSize);
 
-  profile_output_filename_ = options->profile_output_filename_;
-  profiler_options_ = options->profiler_options_;
+  {
+    auto&& profiler_options = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::ProfilerOpts);
+    profile_output_filename_ = profiler_options.output_file_name_;
+
+    // TODO: Don't do this, just change ProfilerOptions to include the output file name?
+    ProfilerOptions other_options(
+        profiler_options.enabled_,
+        profiler_options.period_s_,
+        profiler_options.duration_s_,
+        profiler_options.interval_us_,
+        profiler_options.backoff_coefficient_,
+        profiler_options.start_immediately_,
+        profiler_options.top_k_threshold_,
+        profiler_options.top_k_change_threshold_,
+        profiler_options.profile_type_,
+        profiler_options.max_stack_depth_);
+
+    profiler_options_ = other_options;
+  }
 
   // TODO: move this to just be an Trace::Start argument
-  Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(options->profile_clock_source_);
+  Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ProfileClock));
 
-  if (options->method_trace_) {
+  if (method_trace_) {
     ScopedThreadStateChange tsc(self, kWaitingForMethodTracingStart);
-    Trace::Start(options->method_trace_file_.c_str(), -1, options->method_trace_file_size_, 0,
-                 false, false, 0);
+    Trace::Start(method_trace_file_.c_str(),
+                 -1,
+                 static_cast<int>(method_trace_file_size_),
+                 0,
+                 false,
+                 false,
+                 0);
   }
 
   // Pre-allocate an OutOfMemoryError for the double-OOME case.
@@ -964,7 +998,10 @@
   // Runtime::Start():
   //   DidForkFromZygote(kInitialize) -> try to initialize any native bridge given.
   //   No-op wrt native bridge.
-  is_native_bridge_loaded_ = LoadNativeBridge(options->native_bridge_library_filename_);
+  {
+    std::string native_bridge_file_name = runtime_options.ReleaseOrDefault(Opt::NativeBridge);
+    is_native_bridge_loaded_ = LoadNativeBridge(native_bridge_file_name);
+  }
 
   VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::Init exiting";
   return true;
diff --git a/runtime/runtime_options.cc b/runtime/runtime_options.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54461e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/runtime_options.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "runtime_options.h"
+
+#include "gc/heap.h"
+#include "monitor.h"
+#include "runtime.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "debugger.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+// Specify storage for the RuntimeOptions keys.
+
+#define RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY(Type, Name, ...) const RuntimeArgumentMap::Key<Type> RuntimeArgumentMap::Name {__VA_ARGS__};  // NOLINT [readability/braces] [4]
+#include "runtime_options.def"
+
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/runtime_options.def b/runtime/runtime_options.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022a2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/runtime_options.def
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY
+#error "Please #define RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY before #including this file"
+#define RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY(...)  // Don't display errors in this file in IDEs.
+#endif
+
+// This file defines the list of keys for RuntimeOptions.
+// These can be used with RuntimeOptions.Get/Set/etc, for example:
+//         RuntimeOptions opt; bool* dex2oat_enabled = opt.Get(RuntimeOptions::Dex2Oat);
+//
+// Column Descriptions:
+//                   <<Type>>             <<Key Name>>                  <<Default Value>>
+//
+// Default values are only used by Map::GetOrDefault(K<T>).
+// If a default value is omitted here, T{} is used as the default value, which is
+// almost-always the value of the type as if it was memset to all 0.
+//
+
+// Parse-able keys from the command line.
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                Zygote)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                Help)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                ShowVersion)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         BootClassPath)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (ParseStringList<':'>,BootClassPathLocations)  // std::vector<std::string>
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         ClassPath)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         Image)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                CheckJni)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                JniOptsForceCopy)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (JDWP::JdwpOptions,   JdwpOptions)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           MemoryMaximumSize,              gc::Heap::kDefaultMaximumSize)  // -Xmx
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           MemoryInitialSize,              gc::Heap::kDefaultInitialSize)  // -Xms
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           HeapGrowthLimit)                // Default is 0 for unlimited
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           HeapMinFree,                    gc::Heap::kDefaultMinFree)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           HeapMaxFree,                    gc::Heap::kDefaultMaxFree)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MemoryKiB,           NonMovingSpaceCapacity,         gc::Heap::kDefaultNonMovingSpaceCapacity)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (double,              HeapTargetUtilization,          gc::Heap::kDefaultTargetUtilization)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (double,              ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier, gc::Heap::kDefaultHeapGrowthMultiplier)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (unsigned int,        ParallelGCThreads,              1u)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (unsigned int,        ConcGCThreads)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Memory<1>,           StackSize)  // -Xss
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (unsigned int,        MaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation,Monitor::kDefaultMaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MillisecondsToNanoseconds, \
+                                          LongPauseLogThreshold,          gc::Heap::kDefaultLongPauseLogThreshold)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MillisecondsToNanoseconds, \
+                                          LongGCLogThreshold,             gc::Heap::kDefaultLongGCLogThreshold)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                IgnoreMaxFootprint)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                LowMemoryMode)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                UseTLAB)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                EnableHSpaceCompactForOOM,      true)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (MillisecondsToNanoseconds, \
+                                          HSpaceCompactForOOMMinIntervalsMs,\
+                                                                          MsToNs(100 * 1000))  // 100s
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::vector<std::string>, \
+                                          PropertiesList)  // -D<whatever> -D<whatever> ...
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         JniTrace)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         PatchOat)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                Relocate,                       kDefaultMustRelocate)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                Dex2Oat,                        true)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                ImageDex2Oat,                   true)
+                                                        // kPoisonHeapReferences currently works with
+                                                        // the interpreter only.
+                                                        // TODO: make it work with the compiler.
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                Interpret,                      (kPoisonHeapReferences || kUseReadBarrier)) // -Xint
+                                                        // Disable the compiler for CC (for now).
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (XGcOption,           GcOption)  // -Xgc:
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (gc::space::LargeObjectSpaceType, \
+                                          LargeObjectSpace,               gc::Heap::kDefaultLargeObjectSpaceType)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Memory<1>,           LargeObjectThreshold,           gc::Heap::kDefaultLargeObjectThreshold)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (BackgroundGcOption,  BackgroundGc)
+
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                DisableExplicitGC)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (LogVerbosity,        Verbose)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (unsigned int,        LockProfThreshold)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         StackTraceFile)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (Unit,                MethodTrace)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         MethodTraceFile,                "/data/method-trace-file.bin")
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (unsigned int,        MethodTraceFileSize,            10 * MB)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (TraceClockSource,    ProfileClock,                   kDefaultTraceClockSource)  // -Xprofile:
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (TestProfilerOptions, ProfilerOpts)  // -Xenable-profiler, -Xprofile-*
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         Compiler)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::vector<std::string>, \
+                                          CompilerOptions)  // -Xcompiler-option ...
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::vector<std::string>, \
+                                          ImageCompilerOptions)  // -Ximage-compiler-option ...
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool,                Verify,                         true)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (std::string,         NativeBridge)
+
+// Not parse-able from command line, but can be provided explicitly.
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (const std::vector<const DexFile*>*, \
+                                          BootClassPathDexList)  // TODO: make unique_ptr
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (InstructionSet,      ImageInstructionSet,            kRuntimeISA)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (CompilerCallbacks*,  CompilerCallbacksPtr)  // TDOO: make unique_ptr
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (bool (*)(),          HookIsSensitiveThread)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (int32_t (*)(FILE* stream, const char* format, va_list ap), \
+                                          HookVfprintf,                   vfprintf)
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (void (*)(int32_t status), \
+                                          HookExit,                       exit)
+                                                                          // We don't call abort(3) by default; see
+                                                                          // Runtime::Abort.
+RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY (void (*)(),          HookAbort,                      nullptr)
+
+
+#undef RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY
diff --git a/runtime/runtime_options.h b/runtime/runtime_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd52d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/runtime_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_RUNTIME_OPTIONS_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_RUNTIME_OPTIONS_H_
+
+#include "runtime/base/variant_map.h"
+#include "cmdline/cmdline_types.h"  // TODO: don't need to include this file here
+
+// Map keys
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include "runtime/base/logging.h"
+#include "cmdline/unit.h"
+#include "jdwp/jdwp.h"
+#include "gc/collector_type.h"
+#include "gc/space/large_object_space.h"
+#include "profiler_options.h"
+#include "arch/instruction_set.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+namespace art {
+
+class CompilerCallbacks;
+class DexFile;
+struct XGcOption;
+struct BackgroundGcOption;
+struct TestProfilerOptions;
+
+#define DECLARE_KEY(Type, Name) static const Key<Type> Name
+
+  // Define a key that is usable with a RuntimeArgumentMap.
+  // This key will *not* work with other subtypes of VariantMap.
+  template <typename TValue>
+  struct RuntimeArgumentMapKey : VariantMapKey<TValue> {
+    RuntimeArgumentMapKey() {}
+    explicit RuntimeArgumentMapKey(TValue default_value)
+      : VariantMapKey<TValue>(std::move(default_value)) {}
+    // Don't ODR-use constexpr default values, which means that Struct::Fields
+    // that are declared 'static constexpr T Name = Value' don't need to have a matching definition.
+  };
+
+  // Defines a type-safe heterogeneous key->value map.
+  // Use the VariantMap interface to look up or to store a RuntimeArgumentMapKey,Value pair.
+  //
+  // Example:
+  //    auto map = RuntimeArgumentMap();
+  //    map.Set(RuntimeArgumentMap::HeapTargetUtilization, 5.0);
+  //    double *target_utilization = map.Get(RuntimeArgumentMap);
+  //
+  struct RuntimeArgumentMap : VariantMap<RuntimeArgumentMap, RuntimeArgumentMapKey> {
+    // This 'using' line is necessary to inherit the variadic constructor.
+    using VariantMap<RuntimeArgumentMap, RuntimeArgumentMapKey>::VariantMap;
+
+    // Make the next many usages of Key slightly shorter to type.
+    template <typename TValue>
+    using Key = RuntimeArgumentMapKey<TValue>;
+
+    // List of key declarations, shorthand for 'static const Key<T> Name'
+#define RUNTIME_OPTIONS_KEY(Type, Name, ...) static const Key<Type> Name;
+#include "runtime_options.def"
+  };
+
+#undef DECLARE_KEY
+
+  // using RuntimeOptions = RuntimeArgumentMap;
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_RUNTIME_OPTIONS_H_
diff --git a/runtime/trace.cc b/runtime/trace.cc
index 5066e03..0950abeb 100644
--- a/runtime/trace.cc
+++ b/runtime/trace.cc
@@ -153,30 +153,30 @@
 #if defined(__linux__)
   default_clock_source_ = clock_source;
 #else
-  if (clock_source != kTraceClockSourceWall) {
+  if (clock_source != TraceClockSource::kWall) {
     LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring tracing request to use CPU time.";
   }
 #endif
 }
 
 static uint16_t GetTraceVersion(TraceClockSource clock_source) {
-  return (clock_source == kTraceClockSourceDual) ? kTraceVersionDualClock
+  return (clock_source == TraceClockSource::kDual) ? kTraceVersionDualClock
                                                     : kTraceVersionSingleClock;
 }
 
 static uint16_t GetRecordSize(TraceClockSource clock_source) {
-  return (clock_source == kTraceClockSourceDual) ? kTraceRecordSizeDualClock
+  return (clock_source == TraceClockSource::kDual) ? kTraceRecordSizeDualClock
                                                     : kTraceRecordSizeSingleClock;
 }
 
 bool Trace::UseThreadCpuClock() {
-  return (clock_source_ == kTraceClockSourceThreadCpu) ||
-      (clock_source_ == kTraceClockSourceDual);
+  return (clock_source_ == TraceClockSource::kThreadCpu) ||
+      (clock_source_ == TraceClockSource::kDual);
 }
 
 bool Trace::UseWallClock() {
-  return (clock_source_ == kTraceClockSourceWall) ||
-      (clock_source_ == kTraceClockSourceDual);
+  return (clock_source_ == TraceClockSource::kWall) ||
+      (clock_source_ == TraceClockSource::kDual);
 }
 
 void Trace::MeasureClockOverhead() {
diff --git a/runtime/utils.h b/runtime/utils.h
index b5413e7..1c2576c 100644
--- a/runtime/utils.h
+++ b/runtime/utils.h
@@ -549,6 +549,13 @@
 template <typename T>
 using UniqueCPtr = std::unique_ptr<T, FreeDelete>;
 
+// C++14 from-the-future import (std::make_unique)
+// Invoke the constructor of 'T' with the provided args, and wrap the result in a unique ptr.
+template <typename T, typename ... Args>
+std::unique_ptr<T> MakeUnique(Args&& ... args) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+}
+
 }  // namespace art
 
 #endif  // ART_RUNTIME_UTILS_H_