Merge "ARM: VIXL32: Improve codegen on CBZ/CBNZ"
diff --git a/build/Android.gtest.mk b/build/Android.gtest.mk
index 4fce235..9902628 100644
--- a/build/Android.gtest.mk
+++ b/build/Android.gtest.mk
@@ -116,10 +116,14 @@
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_HOST_DEPS := \
   $(HOST_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_pic_64) \
   $(HOST_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_pic_32) \
+  $(HOST_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_no-pic_64) \
+  $(HOST_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_no-pic_32) \
   $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/patchoatd
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_TARGET_DEPS := \
   $(TARGET_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_pic_64) \
   $(TARGET_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_pic_32) \
+  $(TARGET_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_no-pic_64) \
+  $(TARGET_CORE_IMAGE_optimizing_no-pic_32) \
   $(TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/patchoatd
 
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_HOST_DEPS := \
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
index e155e10..ad75ec4 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "dex_file-inl.h"
 #include "dex_instruction-inl.h"
 #include "dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.h"
+#include "dex/dex_to_dex_decompiler.h"
 #include "dex/verification_results.h"
 #include "dex/verified_method.h"
 #include "driver/compiler_options.h"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 #include "transaction.h"
 #include "utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h"
 #include "utils/swap_space.h"
+#include "vdex_file.h"
 #include "verifier/method_verifier.h"
 #include "verifier/method_verifier-inl.h"
 #include "verifier/verifier_log_mode.h"
@@ -394,7 +396,6 @@
 
 void CompilerDriver::CompileAll(jobject class_loader,
                                 const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-                                verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
                                 TimingLogger* timings) {
   DCHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsStarted());
 
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@
   // 2) Resolve all classes
   // 3) Attempt to verify all classes
   // 4) Attempt to initialize image classes, and trivially initialized classes
-  PreCompile(class_loader, dex_files, verifier_deps, timings);
+  PreCompile(class_loader, dex_files, timings);
   if (GetCompilerOptions().IsBootImage()) {
     // We don't need to setup the intrinsics for non boot image compilation, as
     // those compilations will pick up a boot image that have the ArtMethod already
@@ -433,6 +434,72 @@
   FreeThreadPools();
 }
 
+// In-place unquicken the given `dex_files` based on `quickening_info`.
+static void Unquicken(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                      const ArrayRef<const uint8_t>& quickening_info) {
+  const uint8_t* quickening_info_ptr = quickening_info.data();
+  const uint8_t* const quickening_info_end = quickening_info.data() + quickening_info.size();
+  for (const DexFile* dex_file : dex_files) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dex_file->NumClassDefs(); ++i) {
+      const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file->GetClassDef(i);
+      const uint8_t* class_data = dex_file->GetClassData(class_def);
+      if (class_data == nullptr) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      ClassDataItemIterator it(*dex_file, class_data);
+      // Skip fields
+      while (it.HasNextStaticField()) {
+        it.Next();
+      }
+      while (it.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+        it.Next();
+      }
+
+      // Unquicken each method.
+      while (it.HasNextDirectMethod()) {
+        const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = it.GetMethodCodeItem();
+        if (code_item != nullptr) {
+          uint32_t quickening_size = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(quickening_info_ptr);
+          quickening_info_ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+          optimizer::ArtDecompileDEX(
+              *code_item, ArrayRef<const uint8_t>(quickening_info_ptr, quickening_size));
+          quickening_info_ptr += quickening_size;
+        }
+        it.Next();
+      }
+
+      while (it.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+        const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = it.GetMethodCodeItem();
+        if (code_item != nullptr) {
+          uint32_t quickening_size = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(quickening_info_ptr);
+          quickening_info_ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+          optimizer::ArtDecompileDEX(
+              *code_item, ArrayRef<const uint8_t>(quickening_info_ptr, quickening_size));
+          quickening_info_ptr += quickening_size;
+        }
+        it.Next();
+      }
+      DCHECK(!it.HasNext());
+    }
+  }
+  DCHECK_EQ(quickening_info_ptr, quickening_info_end) << "Failed to use all quickening info";
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileAll(jobject class_loader,
+                                const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                                VdexFile* vdex_file,
+                                TimingLogger* timings) {
+  if (vdex_file != nullptr) {
+    // TODO: we unquicken unconditionnally, as we don't know
+    // if the boot image has changed. How exactly we'll know is under
+    // experimentation.
+    Unquicken(dex_files, vdex_file->GetQuickeningInfo());
+    Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->SetVerifierDeps(
+        new verifier::VerifierDeps(dex_files, vdex_file->GetVerifierDepsData()));
+  }
+  CompileAll(class_loader, dex_files, timings);
+}
+
 static optimizer::DexToDexCompilationLevel GetDexToDexCompilationLevel(
     Thread* self, const CompilerDriver& driver, Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
     const DexFile& dex_file, const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def)
@@ -673,7 +740,7 @@
 
   InitializeThreadPools();
 
-  PreCompile(jclass_loader, dex_files, /* verifier_deps */ nullptr, timings);
+  PreCompile(jclass_loader, dex_files, timings);
 
   // Can we run DEX-to-DEX compiler on this class ?
   optimizer::DexToDexCompilationLevel dex_to_dex_compilation_level =
@@ -870,7 +937,6 @@
 
 void CompilerDriver::PreCompile(jobject class_loader,
                                 const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-                                verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
                                 TimingLogger* timings) {
   CheckThreadPools();
 
@@ -904,7 +970,7 @@
     VLOG(compiler) << "Resolve const-strings: " << GetMemoryUsageString(false);
   }
 
-  Verify(class_loader, dex_files, verifier_deps, timings);
+  Verify(class_loader, dex_files, timings);
   VLOG(compiler) << "Verify: " << GetMemoryUsageString(false);
 
   if (had_hard_verifier_failure_ && GetCompilerOptions().AbortOnHardVerifierFailure()) {
@@ -1936,8 +2002,10 @@
 
 void CompilerDriver::Verify(jobject jclass_loader,
                             const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-                            verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
                             TimingLogger* timings) {
+  verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps =
+      Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->GetVerifierDeps();
+  // If there is an existing `VerifierDeps`, try to use it for fast verification.
   if (verifier_deps != nullptr) {
     TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t("Fast Verify", timings);
     ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
@@ -1975,16 +2043,15 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // If there is no passed `verifier_deps` (because of non-existing vdex), or
-  // the passed `verifier_deps` is not valid anymore, create a new one for
+  // If there is no existing `verifier_deps` (because of non-existing vdex), or
+  // the existing `verifier_deps` is not valid anymore, create a new one for
   // non boot image compilation. The verifier will need it to record the new dependencies.
   // Then dex2oat can update the vdex file with these new dependencies.
   if (!GetCompilerOptions().IsBootImage()) {
     // Create the main VerifierDeps, and set it to this thread.
-    Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->SetVerifierDeps(
-        new verifier::VerifierDeps(dex_files));
-    Thread::Current()->SetVerifierDeps(
-        Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->GetVerifierDeps());
+    verifier_deps = new verifier::VerifierDeps(dex_files);
+    Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->SetVerifierDeps(verifier_deps);
+    Thread::Current()->SetVerifierDeps(verifier_deps);
     // Create per-thread VerifierDeps to avoid contention on the main one.
     // We will merge them after verification.
     for (ThreadPoolWorker* worker : parallel_thread_pool_->GetWorkers()) {
@@ -2005,13 +2072,11 @@
   }
 
   if (!GetCompilerOptions().IsBootImage()) {
-    verifier::VerifierDeps* main_deps =
-        Runtime::Current()->GetCompilerCallbacks()->GetVerifierDeps();
     // Merge all VerifierDeps into the main one.
     for (ThreadPoolWorker* worker : parallel_thread_pool_->GetWorkers()) {
       verifier::VerifierDeps* thread_deps = worker->GetThread()->GetVerifierDeps();
       worker->GetThread()->SetVerifierDeps(nullptr);
-      main_deps->MergeWith(*thread_deps, dex_files);;
+      verifier_deps->MergeWith(*thread_deps, dex_files);;
       delete thread_deps;
     }
     Thread::Current()->SetVerifierDeps(nullptr);
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
index c7719fb..7418b00 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 
 namespace verifier {
 class MethodVerifier;
-class VerifierDeps;
 class VerifierDepsTest;
 }  // namespace verifier
 
@@ -69,6 +68,7 @@
 using SwapSrcMap = SrcMap<SwapAllocator<SrcMapElem>>;
 template<class T> class Handle;
 class TimingLogger;
+class VdexFile;
 class VerificationResults;
 class VerifiedMethod;
 
@@ -119,7 +119,12 @@
 
   void CompileAll(jobject class_loader,
                   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-                  verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
+                  TimingLogger* timings)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::mutator_lock_, !compiled_classes_lock_, !dex_to_dex_references_lock_);
+
+  void CompileAll(jobject class_loader,
+                  const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                  VdexFile* vdex_file,
                   TimingLogger* timings)
       REQUIRES(!Locks::mutator_lock_, !compiled_classes_lock_, !dex_to_dex_references_lock_);
 
@@ -420,7 +425,6 @@
  private:
   void PreCompile(jobject class_loader,
                   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-                  verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
                   TimingLogger* timings)
       REQUIRES(!Locks::mutator_lock_, !compiled_classes_lock_);
 
@@ -443,7 +447,6 @@
 
   void Verify(jobject class_loader,
               const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
-              verifier::VerifierDeps* verifier_deps,
               TimingLogger* timings);
 
   void VerifyDexFile(jobject class_loader,
diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.cc b/compiler/image_writer.cc
index 0f41cbf..a706697 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.cc
@@ -838,64 +838,19 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-class ImageWriter::PruneClassesVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
+class ImageWriter::NonImageClassesVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
  public:
-  PruneClassesVisitor(ImageWriter* image_writer, ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
-      : image_writer_(image_writer),
-        class_loader_(class_loader),
-        classes_to_prune_(),
-        defined_class_count_(0u) { }
+  explicit NonImageClassesVisitor(ImageWriter* image_writer) : image_writer_(image_writer) {}
 
-  bool operator()(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  bool operator()(ObjPtr<Class> klass) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     if (!image_writer_->KeepClass(klass.Ptr())) {
       classes_to_prune_.insert(klass.Ptr());
-      if (klass->GetClassLoader() == class_loader_) {
-        ++defined_class_count_;
-      }
     }
     return true;
   }
 
-  size_t Prune() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    ClassTable* class_table =
-        Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ClassTableForClassLoader(class_loader_);
-    for (mirror::Class* klass : classes_to_prune_) {
-      std::string storage;
-      const char* descriptor = klass->GetDescriptor(&storage);
-      bool result = class_table->Remove(descriptor);
-      DCHECK(result);
-    }
-    return defined_class_count_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  ImageWriter* const image_writer_;
-  const ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
   std::unordered_set<mirror::Class*> classes_to_prune_;
-  size_t defined_class_count_;
-};
-
-class ImageWriter::PruneClassLoaderClassesVisitor : public ClassLoaderVisitor {
- public:
-  explicit PruneClassLoaderClassesVisitor(ImageWriter* image_writer)
-      : image_writer_(image_writer), removed_class_count_(0) {}
-
-  virtual void Visit(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader) OVERRIDE
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    PruneClassesVisitor classes_visitor(image_writer_, class_loader);
-    ClassTable* class_table =
-        Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ClassTableForClassLoader(class_loader);
-    class_table->Visit(classes_visitor);
-    removed_class_count_ += classes_visitor.Prune();
-  }
-
-  size_t GetRemovedClassCount() const {
-    return removed_class_count_;
-  }
-
- private:
   ImageWriter* const image_writer_;
-  size_t removed_class_count_;
 };
 
 void ImageWriter::PruneNonImageClasses() {
@@ -907,13 +862,21 @@
   // path dex caches.
   class_linker->ClearClassTableStrongRoots();
 
+  // Make a list of classes we would like to prune.
+  NonImageClassesVisitor visitor(this);
+  class_linker->VisitClasses(&visitor);
+
   // Remove the undesired classes from the class roots.
-  {
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);
-    PruneClassLoaderClassesVisitor class_loader_visitor(this);
-    class_loader_visitor.Visit(nullptr);  // Visit boot class loader.
-    class_linker->VisitClassLoaders(&class_loader_visitor);
-    VLOG(compiler) << "Pruned " << class_loader_visitor.GetRemovedClassCount() << " classes";
+  VLOG(compiler) << "Pruning " << visitor.classes_to_prune_.size() << " classes";
+  for (mirror::Class* klass : visitor.classes_to_prune_) {
+    std::string temp;
+    const char* name = klass->GetDescriptor(&temp);
+    VLOG(compiler) << "Pruning class " << name;
+    if (!compile_app_image_) {
+      DCHECK(IsBootClassLoaderClass(klass));
+    }
+    bool result = class_linker->RemoveClass(name, klass->GetClassLoader());
+    DCHECK(result);
   }
 
   // Clear references to removed classes from the DexCaches.
@@ -1544,10 +1507,8 @@
     }
     // Calculate the size of the class table.
     ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);
-    CHECK_EQ(class_loaders_.size(), compile_app_image_ ? 1u : 0u);
-    mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = compile_app_image_ ? *class_loaders_.begin() : nullptr;
-    DCHECK_EQ(image_info.class_table_->NumZygoteClasses(class_loader), 0u);
-    if (image_info.class_table_->NumNonZygoteClasses(class_loader) != 0u) {
+    DCHECK_EQ(image_info.class_table_->NumZygoteClasses(), 0u);
+    if (image_info.class_table_->NumNonZygoteClasses() != 0u) {
       image_info.class_table_bytes_ += image_info.class_table_->WriteToMemory(nullptr);
     }
   }
@@ -1892,10 +1853,8 @@
     // above comment for intern tables.
     ClassTable temp_class_table;
     temp_class_table.ReadFromMemory(class_table_memory_ptr);
-    CHECK_EQ(class_loaders_.size(), compile_app_image_ ? 1u : 0u);
-    mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = compile_app_image_ ? *class_loaders_.begin() : nullptr;
-    CHECK_EQ(temp_class_table.NumZygoteClasses(class_loader),
-             table->NumNonZygoteClasses(class_loader) + table->NumZygoteClasses(class_loader));
+    CHECK_EQ(temp_class_table.NumZygoteClasses(), table->NumNonZygoteClasses() +
+             table->NumZygoteClasses());
     BufferedRootVisitor<kDefaultBufferedRootCount> buffered_visitor(&root_visitor,
                                                                     RootInfo(kRootUnknown));
     temp_class_table.VisitRoots(buffered_visitor);
diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.h b/compiler/image_writer.h
index ad6ffd8..24fad46 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.h
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.h
@@ -588,8 +588,7 @@
   class FixupVisitor;
   class GetRootsVisitor;
   class NativeLocationVisitor;
-  class PruneClassesVisitor;
-  class PruneClassLoaderClassesVisitor;
+  class NonImageClassesVisitor;
   class VisitReferencesVisitor;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ImageWriter);
diff --git a/compiler/oat_writer.cc b/compiler/oat_writer.cc
index eed9d11..153aff4 100644
--- a/compiler/oat_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/oat_writer.cc
@@ -403,6 +403,35 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+// Add dex file source(s) from a vdex file specified by a file handle.
+bool OatWriter::AddVdexDexFilesSource(const VdexFile& vdex_file,
+                                      const char* location,
+                                      CreateTypeLookupTable create_type_lookup_table) {
+  DCHECK(write_state_ == WriteState::kAddingDexFileSources);
+  const uint8_t* current_dex_data = nullptr;
+  for (size_t i = 0; ; ++i) {
+    current_dex_data = vdex_file.GetNextDexFileData(current_dex_data);
+    if (current_dex_data == nullptr) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!DexFile::IsMagicValid(current_dex_data)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid magic in vdex file created from " << location;
+      return false;
+    }
+    // We used `zipped_dex_file_locations_` to keep the strings in memory.
+    zipped_dex_file_locations_.push_back(DexFile::GetMultiDexLocation(i, location));
+    const char* full_location = zipped_dex_file_locations_.back().c_str();
+    oat_dex_files_.emplace_back(full_location,
+                                DexFileSource(current_dex_data),
+                                create_type_lookup_table);
+  }
+  if (oat_dex_files_.empty()) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "No dex files in vdex file created from " << location;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // Add dex file source from raw memory.
 bool OatWriter::AddRawDexFileSource(const ArrayRef<const uint8_t>& data,
                                     const char* location,
diff --git a/compiler/oat_writer.h b/compiler/oat_writer.h
index f9671d7..0dcf79e 100644
--- a/compiler/oat_writer.h
+++ b/compiler/oat_writer.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 class OutputStream;
 class TimingLogger;
 class TypeLookupTable;
+class VdexFile;
 class ZipEntry;
 
 namespace debug {
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@
   // To produce a valid oat file, the user must first add sources with any combination of
   //   - AddDexFileSource(),
   //   - AddZippedDexFilesSource(),
-  //   - AddRawDexFileSource().
+  //   - AddRawDexFileSource(),
+  //   - AddVdexDexFilesSource().
   // Then the user must call in order
   //   - WriteAndOpenDexFiles()
   //   - Initialize()
@@ -145,6 +147,11 @@
       const char* location,
       uint32_t location_checksum,
       CreateTypeLookupTable create_type_lookup_table = CreateTypeLookupTable::kDefault);
+  // Add dex file source(s) from a vdex file.
+  bool AddVdexDexFilesSource(
+      const VdexFile& vdex_file,
+      const char* location,
+      CreateTypeLookupTable create_type_lookup_table = CreateTypeLookupTable::kDefault);
   dchecked_vector<const char*> GetSourceLocations() const;
 
   // Write raw dex files to the vdex file, mmap the file and open the dex files from it.
diff --git a/compiler/verifier_deps_test.cc b/compiler/verifier_deps_test.cc
index dcf3619..525a2ee 100644
--- a/compiler/verifier_deps_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/verifier_deps_test.cc
@@ -83,10 +83,13 @@
     // The compiler driver handles the verifier deps in the callbacks, so
     // remove what this class did for unit testing.
     verifier_deps_.reset(nullptr);
-    callbacks_->SetVerifierDeps(nullptr);
-    compiler_driver_->Verify(class_loader_, dex_files_, deps, &timings);
+    callbacks_->SetVerifierDeps(deps);
+    compiler_driver_->Verify(class_loader_, dex_files_, &timings);
     // The compiler driver may have updated the VerifierDeps in the callback object.
-    verifier_deps_.reset(callbacks_->GetVerifierDeps());
+    if (callbacks_->GetVerifierDeps() != deps) {
+      verifier_deps_.reset(callbacks_->GetVerifierDeps());
+    }
+    callbacks_->SetVerifierDeps(nullptr);
   }
 
   void SetVerifierDeps(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {
diff --git a/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc b/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
index 81baa80..9e6032f 100644
--- a/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
+++ b/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 #include "ScopedLocalRef.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change-inl.h"
 #include "utils.h"
+#include "vdex_file.h"
 #include "verifier/verifier_deps.h"
 #include "well_known_classes.h"
 #include "zip_archive.h"
@@ -520,6 +521,7 @@
       oat_fd_(-1),
       input_vdex_fd_(-1),
       output_vdex_fd_(-1),
+      input_vdex_file_(nullptr),
       zip_fd_(-1),
       image_base_(0U),
       image_classes_zip_filename_(nullptr),
@@ -710,6 +712,10 @@
       Usage("Output must be supplied with either --oat-file or --oat-fd");
     }
 
+    if (input_vdex_fd_ != -1 && !input_vdex_.empty()) {
+      Usage("Can't have both --input-vdex-fd and --input-vdex");
+    }
+
     if (!oat_filenames_.empty() && oat_fd_ != -1) {
       Usage("--oat-file should not be used with --oat-fd");
     }
@@ -1123,6 +1129,8 @@
         zip_location_ = option.substr(strlen("--zip-location=")).data();
       } else if (option.starts_with("--input-vdex-fd=")) {
         ParseInputVdexFd(option);
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--input-vdex=")) {
+        input_vdex_ = option.substr(strlen("--input-vdex=")).data();
       } else if (option.starts_with("--output-vdex-fd=")) {
         ParseOutputVdexFd(option);
       } else if (option.starts_with("--oat-file=")) {
@@ -1266,6 +1274,17 @@
           return false;
         }
         oat_files_.push_back(std::move(oat_file));
+        DCHECK_EQ(input_vdex_fd_, -1);
+        if (!input_vdex_.empty()) {
+          std::string error_msg;
+          input_vdex_file_.reset(VdexFile::Open(input_vdex_,
+                                                /* writable */ false,
+                                                /* low_4gb */ false,
+                                                &error_msg));
+          if (input_vdex_file_ != nullptr && !input_vdex_file_->IsValid()) {
+            input_vdex_file_.reset(nullptr);
+          }
+        }
 
         DCHECK_EQ(output_vdex_fd_, -1);
         std::string vdex_filename = ReplaceFileExtension(oat_filename, "vdex");
@@ -1293,6 +1312,31 @@
       }
       oat_files_.push_back(std::move(oat_file));
 
+      DCHECK_NE(input_vdex_fd_, output_vdex_fd_);
+      if (input_vdex_fd_ != -1) {
+        struct stat s;
+        int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fstat(input_vdex_fd_, &s));
+        if (rc == -1) {
+          PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed getting length of vdex file";
+        } else {
+          std::string error_msg;
+          input_vdex_file_.reset(VdexFile::Open(input_vdex_fd_,
+                                                s.st_size,
+                                                "vdex",
+                                                /* writable */ false,
+                                                /* low_4gb */ false,
+                                                &error_msg));
+          // If there's any problem with the passed vdex, just warn and proceed
+          // without it.
+          if (input_vdex_file_ == nullptr) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed opening vdex file " << error_msg;
+          } else if (!input_vdex_file_->IsValid()) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Existing vdex file is invalid";
+            input_vdex_file_.reset(nullptr);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
       DCHECK_NE(output_vdex_fd_, -1);
       std::string vdex_location = ReplaceFileExtension(oat_location_, "vdex");
       std::unique_ptr<File> vdex_file(new File(output_vdex_fd_, vdex_location, /* check_usage */ true));
@@ -1388,7 +1432,6 @@
   // boot class path.
   bool Setup() {
     TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t("dex2oat Setup", timings_);
-    art::MemMap::Init();  // For ZipEntry::ExtractToMemMap.
 
     if (!PrepareImageClasses() || !PrepareCompiledClasses() || !PrepareCompiledMethods()) {
       return false;
@@ -1480,8 +1523,11 @@
         // Unzip or copy dex files straight to the oat file.
         std::unique_ptr<MemMap> opened_dex_files_map;
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> opened_dex_files;
-        // Dexlayout verifies the dex file, so disable dex file verification in that case.
-        bool verify = compiler_options_->GetCompilerFilter() != CompilerFilter::kLayoutProfile;
+        // No need to verify the dex file for:
+        // 1) dexlayout, which already verified it
+        // 2) when we have a vdex file, which means it was already verified.
+        bool verify = compiler_options_->GetCompilerFilter() != CompilerFilter::kLayoutProfile &&
+            (input_vdex_file_ == nullptr);
         if (!oat_writers_[i]->WriteAndOpenDexFiles(
             kIsVdexEnabled ? vdex_files_[i].get() : oat_files_[i].get(),
             rodata_.back(),
@@ -1668,7 +1714,7 @@
                                      swap_fd_,
                                      profile_compilation_info_.get()));
     driver_->SetDexFilesForOatFile(dex_files_);
-    driver_->CompileAll(class_loader_, dex_files_, /* verifier_deps */ nullptr, timings_);
+    driver_->CompileAll(class_loader_, dex_files_, input_vdex_file_.get(), timings_);
   }
 
   // Notes on the interleaving of creating the images and oat files to
@@ -2241,7 +2287,14 @@
 
   bool AddDexFileSources() {
     TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t2("AddDexFileSources", timings_);
-    if (zip_fd_ != -1) {
+    if (input_vdex_file_ != nullptr) {
+      DCHECK_EQ(oat_writers_.size(), 1u);
+      const std::string& name = zip_location_.empty() ? dex_locations_[0] : zip_location_;
+      DCHECK(!name.empty());
+      if (!oat_writers_[0]->AddVdexDexFilesSource(*input_vdex_file_.get(), name.c_str())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else if (zip_fd_ != -1) {
       DCHECK_EQ(oat_writers_.size(), 1u);
       if (!oat_writers_[0]->AddZippedDexFilesSource(File(zip_fd_, /* check_usage */ false),
                                                     zip_location_.c_str())) {
@@ -2599,6 +2652,8 @@
   int oat_fd_;
   int input_vdex_fd_;
   int output_vdex_fd_;
+  std::string input_vdex_;
+  std::unique_ptr<VdexFile> input_vdex_file_;
   std::vector<const char*> dex_filenames_;
   std::vector<const char*> dex_locations_;
   int zip_fd_;
@@ -2795,6 +2850,8 @@
     }
   }
 
+  art::MemMap::Init();  // For ZipEntry::ExtractToMemMap, and vdex.
+
   // Check early that the result of compilation can be written
   if (!dex2oat->OpenFile()) {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index 216ec9e..f3aba97 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -1949,36 +1949,13 @@
   void Visit(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, Locks::mutator_lock_) OVERRIDE {
     ClassTable* const class_table = class_loader->GetClassTable();
-    if (!done_ && class_table != nullptr) {
-      DefiningClassLoaderFilterVisitor visitor(class_loader, visitor_);
-      if (!class_table->Visit(visitor)) {
-        // If the visitor ClassTable returns false it means that we don't need to continue.
-        done_ = true;
-      }
+    if (!done_ && class_table != nullptr && !class_table->Visit(*visitor_)) {
+      // If the visitor ClassTable returns false it means that we don't need to continue.
+      done_ = true;
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  // Class visitor that limits the class visits from a ClassTable to the classes with
-  // the provided defining class loader. This filter is used to avoid multiple visits
-  // of the same class which can be recorded for multiple initiating class loaders.
-  class DefiningClassLoaderFilterVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
-   public:
-    DefiningClassLoaderFilterVisitor(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_class_loader,
-                                     ClassVisitor* visitor)
-        : defining_class_loader_(defining_class_loader), visitor_(visitor) { }
-
-    bool operator()(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-      if (klass->GetClassLoader() != defining_class_loader_) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      return (*visitor_)(klass);
-    }
-
-    ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> const defining_class_loader_;
-    ClassVisitor* const visitor_;
-  };
-
   ClassVisitor* const visitor_;
   // If done is true then we don't need to do any more visiting.
   bool done_;
@@ -2563,109 +2540,56 @@
     }
   } else {
     ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked soa(self);
-    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> result_ptr;
-    bool descriptor_equals;
-    bool known_hierarchy =
-        FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader(soa, self, descriptor, hash, class_loader, &result_ptr);
-    if (result_ptr != nullptr) {
-      // The chain was understood and we found the class. We still need to add the class to
-      // the class table to protect from racy programs that can try and redefine the path list
-      // which would change the Class<?> returned for subsequent evaluation of const-class.
-      DCHECK(known_hierarchy);
-      DCHECK(result_ptr->DescriptorEquals(descriptor));
-      descriptor_equals = true;
-    } else {
-      // Either the chain wasn't understood or the class wasn't found.
-      //
-      // If the chain was understood but we did not find the class, let the Java-side
-      // rediscover all this and throw the exception with the right stack trace. Note that
-      // the Java-side could still succeed for racy programs if another thread is actively
-      // modifying the class loader's path list.
+    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> cp_klass;
+    if (FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader(soa, self, descriptor, hash, class_loader, &cp_klass)) {
+      // The chain was understood. So the value in cp_klass is either the class we were looking
+      // for, or not found.
+      if (cp_klass != nullptr) {
+        return cp_klass.Ptr();
+      }
+      // TODO: We handle the boot classpath loader in FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader. Try to unify
+      //       this and the branch above. TODO: throw the right exception here.
 
-      if (Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler()) {
-        // Oops, compile-time, can't run actual class-loader code.
-        ObjPtr<mirror::Throwable> pre_allocated =
-            Runtime::Current()->GetPreAllocatedNoClassDefFoundError();
-        self->SetException(pre_allocated);
-        return nullptr;
-      }
-
-      ScopedLocalRef<jobject> class_loader_object(
-          soa.Env(), soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(class_loader.Get()));
-      std::string class_name_string(DescriptorToDot(descriptor));
-      ScopedLocalRef<jobject> result(soa.Env(), nullptr);
-      {
-        ScopedThreadStateChange tsc(self, kNative);
-        ScopedLocalRef<jobject> class_name_object(
-            soa.Env(), soa.Env()->NewStringUTF(class_name_string.c_str()));
-        if (class_name_object.get() == nullptr) {
-          DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());  // OOME.
-          return nullptr;
-        }
-        CHECK(class_loader_object.get() != nullptr);
-        result.reset(soa.Env()->CallObjectMethod(class_loader_object.get(),
-                                                 WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ClassLoader_loadClass,
-                                                 class_name_object.get()));
-      }
-      if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
-        // If the ClassLoader threw, pass that exception up.
-        // However, to comply with the RI behavior, first check if another thread succeeded.
-        result_ptr = LookupClass(self, descriptor, hash, class_loader.Get());
-        if (result_ptr != nullptr && !result_ptr->IsErroneous()) {
-          self->ClearException();
-          return EnsureResolved(self, descriptor, result_ptr);
-        }
-        return nullptr;
-      } else if (result.get() == nullptr) {
-        // broken loader - throw NPE to be compatible with Dalvik
-        ThrowNullPointerException(StringPrintf("ClassLoader.loadClass returned null for %s",
-                                               class_name_string.c_str()).c_str());
-        return nullptr;
-      }
-      result_ptr = soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(result.get());
-      // Check the name of the returned class.
-      descriptor_equals = result_ptr->DescriptorEquals(descriptor);
+      // We'll let the Java-side rediscover all this and throw the exception with the right stack
+      // trace.
     }
 
-    // Try to insert the class to the class table, checking for mismatch.
-    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> old;
-    {
-      ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);
-      ClassTable* const class_table = InsertClassTableForClassLoader(class_loader.Get());
-      old = class_table->Lookup(descriptor, hash);
-      if (old == nullptr) {
-        old = result_ptr;  // For the comparison below, after releasing the lock.
-        if (descriptor_equals) {
-          class_table->InsertWithHash(result_ptr.Ptr(), hash);
-          Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->WriteBarrierEveryFieldOf(class_loader.Get());
-        }  // else throw below, after releasing the lock.
-      }
-    }
-    if (UNLIKELY(old != result_ptr)) {
-      // Return `old` (even if `!descriptor_equals`) to mimic the RI behavior for parallel
-      // capable class loaders.  (All class loaders are considered parallel capable on Android.)
-      mirror::Class* loader_class = class_loader->GetClass();
-      const char* loader_class_name =
-          loader_class->GetDexFile().StringByTypeIdx(loader_class->GetDexTypeIndex());
-      LOG(WARNING) << "Initiating class loader of type " << DescriptorToDot(loader_class_name)
-          << " is not well-behaved; it returned a different Class for racing loadClass(\""
-          << DescriptorToDot(descriptor) << "\").";
-      return EnsureResolved(self, descriptor, old);
-    }
-    if (UNLIKELY(!descriptor_equals)) {
-      std::string result_storage;
-      const char* result_name = result_ptr->GetDescriptor(&result_storage);
-      std::string loader_storage;
-      const char* loader_class_name = class_loader->GetClass()->GetDescriptor(&loader_storage);
-      ThrowNoClassDefFoundError(
-          "Initiating class loader of type %s returned class %s instead of %s.",
-          DescriptorToDot(loader_class_name).c_str(),
-          DescriptorToDot(result_name).c_str(),
-          DescriptorToDot(descriptor).c_str());
+    if (Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler()) {
+      // Oops, compile-time, can't run actual class-loader code.
+      ObjPtr<mirror::Throwable> pre_allocated = Runtime::Current()->GetPreAllocatedNoClassDefFoundError();
+      self->SetException(pre_allocated);
       return nullptr;
     }
-    // success, return mirror::Class*
-    return result_ptr.Ptr();
+
+    ScopedLocalRef<jobject> class_loader_object(soa.Env(),
+                                                soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(class_loader.Get()));
+    std::string class_name_string(DescriptorToDot(descriptor));
+    ScopedLocalRef<jobject> result(soa.Env(), nullptr);
+    {
+      ScopedThreadStateChange tsc(self, kNative);
+      ScopedLocalRef<jobject> class_name_object(soa.Env(),
+                                                soa.Env()->NewStringUTF(class_name_string.c_str()));
+      if (class_name_object.get() == nullptr) {
+        DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());  // OOME.
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      CHECK(class_loader_object.get() != nullptr);
+      result.reset(soa.Env()->CallObjectMethod(class_loader_object.get(),
+                                               WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ClassLoader_loadClass,
+                                               class_name_object.get()));
+    }
+    if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
+      // If the ClassLoader threw, pass that exception up.
+      return nullptr;
+    } else if (result.get() == nullptr) {
+      // broken loader - throw NPE to be compatible with Dalvik
+      ThrowNullPointerException(StringPrintf("ClassLoader.loadClass returned null for %s",
+                                             class_name_string.c_str()).c_str());
+      return nullptr;
+    } else {
+      // success, return mirror::Class*
+      return soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(result.get()).Ptr();
+    }
   }
   UNREACHABLE();
 }
@@ -3746,6 +3670,12 @@
   Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->WriteBarrierEveryFieldOf(klass);
 }
 
+bool ClassLinker::RemoveClass(const char* descriptor, ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader) {
+  WriterMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);
+  ClassTable* const class_table = ClassTableForClassLoader(class_loader);
+  return class_table != nullptr && class_table->Remove(descriptor);
+}
+
 mirror::Class* ClassLinker::LookupClass(Thread* self,
                                         const char* descriptor,
                                         size_t hash,
@@ -3796,8 +3726,7 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, Locks::mutator_lock_) OVERRIDE {
     ClassTable* const class_table = class_loader->GetClassTable();
     ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass = class_table->Lookup(descriptor_, hash_);
-    // Add `klass` only if `class_loader` is its defining (not just initiating) class loader.
-    if (klass != nullptr && klass->GetClassLoader() == class_loader) {
+    if (klass != nullptr) {
       result_->push_back(klass);
     }
   }
@@ -3816,7 +3745,6 @@
   const size_t hash = ComputeModifiedUtf8Hash(descriptor);
   ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass = boot_class_table_.Lookup(descriptor, hash);
   if (klass != nullptr) {
-    DCHECK(klass->GetClassLoader() == nullptr);
     result.push_back(klass);
   }
   LookupClassesVisitor visitor(descriptor, hash, &result);
@@ -8124,8 +8052,8 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, Locks::mutator_lock_) OVERRIDE {
     ClassTable* const class_table = class_loader->GetClassTable();
     if (class_table != nullptr) {
-      num_zygote_classes += class_table->NumZygoteClasses(class_loader);
-      num_non_zygote_classes += class_table->NumNonZygoteClasses(class_loader);
+      num_zygote_classes += class_table->NumZygoteClasses();
+      num_non_zygote_classes += class_table->NumNonZygoteClasses();
     }
   }
 
@@ -8136,13 +8064,13 @@
 size_t ClassLinker::NumZygoteClasses() const {
   CountClassesVisitor visitor;
   VisitClassLoaders(&visitor);
-  return visitor.num_zygote_classes + boot_class_table_.NumZygoteClasses(nullptr);
+  return visitor.num_zygote_classes + boot_class_table_.NumZygoteClasses();
 }
 
 size_t ClassLinker::NumNonZygoteClasses() const {
   CountClassesVisitor visitor;
   VisitClassLoaders(&visitor);
-  return visitor.num_non_zygote_classes + boot_class_table_.NumNonZygoteClasses(nullptr);
+  return visitor.num_non_zygote_classes + boot_class_table_.NumNonZygoteClasses();
 }
 
 size_t ClassLinker::NumLoadedClasses() {
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.h b/runtime/class_linker.h
index 88028ea..9563448 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.h
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.h
@@ -218,6 +218,12 @@
 
   mirror::Class* FindPrimitiveClass(char type) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  // General class unloading is not supported, this is used to prune
+  // unwanted classes during image writing.
+  bool RemoveClass(const char* descriptor, ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_)
+      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
   void DumpAllClasses(int flags)
       REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
diff --git a/runtime/class_table.cc b/runtime/class_table.cc
index 81cdce5..0fcce6b 100644
--- a/runtime/class_table.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_table.cc
@@ -83,29 +83,18 @@
 
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop  // http://b/31104323
 
-size_t ClassTable::CountDefiningLoaderClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader,
-                                              const ClassSet& set) const {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (const GcRoot<mirror::Class>& klass : set) {
-    if (klass.Read()->GetClassLoader() == defining_loader) {
-      ++count;
-    }
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-size_t ClassTable::NumZygoteClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader) const {
+size_t ClassTable::NumZygoteClasses() const {
   ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), lock_);
   size_t sum = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < classes_.size() - 1; ++i) {
-    sum += CountDefiningLoaderClasses(defining_loader, classes_[i]);
+    sum += classes_[i].Size();
   }
   return sum;
 }
 
-size_t ClassTable::NumNonZygoteClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader) const {
+size_t ClassTable::NumNonZygoteClasses() const {
   ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), lock_);
-  return CountDefiningLoaderClasses(defining_loader, classes_.back());
+  return classes_.back().Size();
 }
 
 mirror::Class* ClassTable::Lookup(const char* descriptor, size_t hash) {
@@ -113,7 +102,7 @@
   for (ClassSet& class_set : classes_) {
     auto it = class_set.FindWithHash(descriptor, hash);
     if (it != class_set.end()) {
-      return it->Read();
+     return it->Read();
     }
   }
   return nullptr;
@@ -153,6 +142,7 @@
 
 bool ClassTable::ClassDescriptorHashEquals::operator()(const GcRoot<mirror::Class>& a,
                                                        const GcRoot<mirror::Class>& b) const {
+  DCHECK_EQ(a.Read()->GetClassLoader(), b.Read()->GetClassLoader());
   std::string temp;
   return a.Read()->DescriptorEquals(b.Read()->GetDescriptor(&temp));
 }
diff --git a/runtime/class_table.h b/runtime/class_table.h
index 92634a4..558c144 100644
--- a/runtime/class_table.h
+++ b/runtime/class_table.h
@@ -84,14 +84,10 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Returns the number of classes in previous snapshots.
-  size_t NumZygoteClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader) const
-      REQUIRES(!lock_)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  size_t NumZygoteClasses() const REQUIRES(!lock_);
 
   // Returns all off the classes in the lastest snapshot.
-  size_t NumNonZygoteClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader) const
-      REQUIRES(!lock_)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  size_t NumNonZygoteClasses() const REQUIRES(!lock_);
 
   // Update a class in the table with the new class. Returns the existing class which was replaced.
   mirror::Class* UpdateClass(const char* descriptor, mirror::Class* new_klass, size_t hash)
@@ -177,11 +173,6 @@
  private:
   void InsertWithoutLocks(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
 
-  size_t CountDefiningLoaderClasses(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> defining_loader,
-                                    const ClassSet& set) const
-      REQUIRES(lock_)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-
   // Return true if we inserted the oat file, false if it already exists.
   bool InsertOatFileLocked(const OatFile* oat_file)
       REQUIRES(lock_)
diff --git a/runtime/dex2oat_environment_test.h b/runtime/dex2oat_environment_test.h
index d717ec0..b0c4597 100644
--- a/runtime/dex2oat_environment_test.h
+++ b/runtime/dex2oat_environment_test.h
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@
       + "/core.art";
   }
 
-  bool GetCachedImageFile(/*out*/std::string* image, std::string* error_msg) const {
+  bool GetCachedImageFile(const std::string& image_location,
+                          /*out*/std::string* image,
+                          /*out*/std::string* error_msg) const {
     std::string cache;
     bool have_android_data;
     bool dalvik_cache_exists;
@@ -151,7 +153,14 @@
       *error_msg = "Failed to create dalvik cache";
       return false;
     }
-    return GetDalvikCacheFilename(GetImageLocation().c_str(), cache.c_str(), image, error_msg);
+    return GetDalvikCacheFilename(image_location.c_str(), cache.c_str(), image, error_msg);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the path to an image location whose contents differ from the
+  // image at GetImageLocation(). This is used for testing mismatched
+  // image checksums in the oat_file_assistant_tests.
+  std::string GetImageLocation2() const {
+    return GetImageDirectory() + "/core-npic.art";
   }
 
   std::string GetDexSrc1() const {
diff --git a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
index 05f74d6..d098ee2 100644
--- a/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
+++ b/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@
         ThrowWrongMethodTypeException(check_type.Ptr(), callsite_type.Get());
         return false;
       }
-    } else {
+    } else if (!IsInvokeTransform(handle_kind)) {
       if (UNLIKELY(!IsCallerTransformer(callsite_type) &&
                    !callsite_type->IsConvertible(check_type.Ptr()))) {
         ThrowWrongMethodTypeException(check_type.Ptr(), callsite_type.Get());
@@ -990,33 +990,37 @@
       CHECK(called_method != nullptr);
     }
 
-    bool call_success;
-    if (handle_kind == kInvokeTransform) {
-      call_success = DoCallTransform<is_range>(called_method,
-                                               callsite_type,
-                                               handle_type,
-                                               self,
-                                               shadow_frame,
-                                               method_handle /* receiver */,
-                                               result,
-                                               arg,
-                                               first_src_reg);
+    if (IsInvokeTransform(handle_kind)) {
+      // There are two cases here - method handles representing regular
+      // transforms and those representing call site transforms. Method
+      // handles for call site transforms adapt their MethodType to match
+      // the call site. For these, the |callee_type| is the same as the
+      // |callsite_type|. The VarargsCollector is such a tranform, its
+      // method type depends on the call site, ie. x(a) or x(a, b), or
+      // x(a, b, c). The VarargsCollector invokes a variable arity method
+      // with the arity arguments in an array.
+      Handle<mirror::MethodType> callee_type =
+          (handle_kind == kInvokeCallSiteTransform) ? callsite_type : handle_type;
+      return DoCallTransform<is_range>(called_method,
+                                       callsite_type,
+                                       callee_type,
+                                       self,
+                                       shadow_frame,
+                                       method_handle /* receiver */,
+                                       result,
+                                       arg,
+                                       first_src_reg);
     } else {
-      call_success = DoCallPolymorphic<is_range>(called_method,
-                                                 callsite_type,
-                                                 handle_type,
-                                                 self,
-                                                 shadow_frame,
-                                                 result,
-                                                 arg,
-                                                 first_src_reg,
-                                                 handle_kind);
+      return DoCallPolymorphic<is_range>(called_method,
+                                         callsite_type,
+                                         handle_type,
+                                         self,
+                                         shadow_frame,
+                                         result,
+                                         arg,
+                                         first_src_reg,
+                                         handle_kind);
     }
-    if (LIKELY(call_success && ConvertReturnValue(callsite_type, handle_type, result))) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
-    return false;
   } else {
     DCHECK(!is_range);
     ArtField* field = method_handle->GetTargetField();
@@ -1097,7 +1101,6 @@
   return num_ins;
 }
 
-
 inline void PerformCall(Thread* self,
                         const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                         ArtMethod* caller_method,
@@ -1251,18 +1254,31 @@
   }
 
   PerformCall(self, code_item, shadow_frame.GetMethod(), first_dest_reg, new_shadow_frame, result);
+  if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return false;
+  }
 
   // If the caller of this signature polymorphic method was a transformer,
   // we need to copy the result back out to the emulated stack frame.
-  if (is_caller_transformer && !self->IsExceptionPending()) {
-    ObjPtr<mirror::EmulatedStackFrame> emulated_stack_frame(
-        reinterpret_cast<mirror::EmulatedStackFrame*>(
-            shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(first_src_reg)));
+  if (is_caller_transformer) {
+    StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
+    Handle<mirror::EmulatedStackFrame> emulated_stack_frame(
+        hs.NewHandle(reinterpret_cast<mirror::EmulatedStackFrame*>(
+            shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(first_src_reg))));
+    Handle<mirror::MethodType> emulated_stack_type(hs.NewHandle(emulated_stack_frame->GetType()));
+    JValue local_result;
+    local_result.SetJ(result->GetJ());
 
-    emulated_stack_frame->SetReturnValue(self, *result);
+    if (ConvertReturnValue(emulated_stack_type, target_type, &local_result)) {
+      emulated_stack_frame->SetReturnValue(self, local_result);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return ConvertReturnValue(callsite_type, target_type, result);
   }
-
-  return !self->IsExceptionPending();
 }
 
 template <bool is_range>
@@ -1329,14 +1345,14 @@
               0 /* first dest reg */,
               new_shadow_frame,
               result);
+  if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return false;
+  }
 
   // If the called transformer method we called has returned a value, then we
   // need to copy it back to |result|.
-  if (!self->IsExceptionPending()) {
-    sf->GetReturnValue(self, result);
-  }
-
-  return !self->IsExceptionPending();
+  sf->GetReturnValue(self, result);
+  return ConvertReturnValue(callsite_type, callee_type, result);
 }
 
 template <bool is_range,
diff --git a/runtime/method_handles.h b/runtime/method_handles.h
index 54c772a..d0a4902 100644
--- a/runtime/method_handles.h
+++ b/runtime/method_handles.h
@@ -46,12 +46,13 @@
   kInvokeStatic,
   kInvokeInterface,
   kInvokeTransform,
+  kInvokeCallSiteTransform,
   kInstanceGet,
   kInstancePut,
   kStaticGet,
   kStaticPut,
   kLastValidKind = kStaticPut,
-  kLastInvokeKind = kInvokeTransform
+  kLastInvokeKind = kInvokeCallSiteTransform
 };
 
 // Whether the given method handle kind is some variant of an invoke.
@@ -59,6 +60,11 @@
   return handle_kind <= kLastInvokeKind;
 }
 
+// Whether the given method handle kind is some variant of a tranform.
+inline bool IsInvokeTransform(const MethodHandleKind handle_kind) {
+  return handle_kind == kInvokeTransform || handle_kind == kInvokeCallSiteTransform;
+}
+
 // Returns true if there is a possible conversion from |from| to |to|
 // for a MethodHandle parameter.
 bool IsParameterTypeConvertible(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> from,
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/emulated_stack_frame.h b/runtime/mirror/emulated_stack_frame.h
index 9fa06b7..d83a536 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/emulated_stack_frame.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/emulated_stack_frame.h
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@
   // Sets the return value slot of this emulated stack frame to |value|.
   void SetReturnValue(Thread* self, const JValue& value) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  mirror::MethodType* GetType() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return GetFieldObject<MethodType>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(EmulatedStackFrame, type_));
+  }
+
   static void SetClass(Class* klass) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   static void ResetClass() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   static void VisitRoots(RootVisitor* visitor) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -67,10 +71,6 @@
     return static_class_.Read();
   }
 
-  mirror::MethodType* GetType() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return GetFieldObject<MethodType>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(EmulatedStackFrame, type_));
-  }
-
   mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>* GetReferences() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     return GetFieldObject<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>>(
         OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(EmulatedStackFrame, references_));
diff --git a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
index df0849a..1a77072 100644
--- a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
+++ b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
@@ -413,33 +413,7 @@
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename.c_str(), target_instruction_set,
                                       false /* load_executable */);
-
-  std::ostringstream status;
-  bool oat_file_exists = false;
-  bool odex_file_exists = false;
-  if (oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists()) {
-    oat_file_exists = true;
-    status << *oat_file_assistant.OatFileName() << " [compilation_filter=";
-    status << CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(oat_file_assistant.OatFileCompilerFilter());
-    status << ", status=" << oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus();
-  }
-
-  if (oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists()) {
-    odex_file_exists = true;
-    if (oat_file_exists) {
-      status << "] ";
-    }
-    status << *oat_file_assistant.OdexFileName() << " [compilation_filter=";
-    status << CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileCompilerFilter());
-    status << ", status=" << oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus();
-  }
-
-  if (!oat_file_exists && !odex_file_exists) {
-    status << "invalid[";
-  }
-
-  status << "]";
-  return env->NewStringUTF(status.str().c_str());
+  return env->NewStringUTF(oat_file_assistant.GetStatusDump().c_str());
 }
 
 static jint DexFile_getDexOptNeeded(JNIEnv* env,
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
index 0679360..6197120 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "oat_file_assistant.h"
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "base/stringprintf.h"
@@ -34,15 +36,21 @@
 
 std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& stream, const OatFileAssistant::OatStatus status) {
   switch (status) {
-    case OatFileAssistant::kOatOutOfDate:
-      stream << "kOatOutOfDate";
+    case OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen:
+      stream << "kOatCannotOpen";
+      break;
+    case OatFileAssistant::kOatDexOutOfDate:
+      stream << "kOatDexOutOfDate";
+      break;
+    case OatFileAssistant::kOatBootImageOutOfDate:
+      stream << "kOatBootImageOutOfDate";
+      break;
+    case OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate:
+      stream << "kOatRelocationOutOfDate";
       break;
     case OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate:
       stream << "kOatUpToDate";
       break;
-    case OatFileAssistant::kOatNeedsRelocation:
-      stream << "kOatNeedsRelocation";
-      break;
     default:
       UNREACHABLE();
   }
@@ -60,7 +68,10 @@
                                    const char* oat_location,
                                    const InstructionSet isa,
                                    bool load_executable)
-    : isa_(isa), load_executable_(load_executable), odex_(this), oat_(this) {
+    : isa_(isa),
+      load_executable_(load_executable),
+      odex_(this, /*is_oat_location*/ false),
+      oat_(this, /*is_oat_location*/ true) {
   CHECK(dex_location != nullptr) << "OatFileAssistant: null dex location";
   dex_location_.assign(dex_location);
 
@@ -137,49 +148,12 @@
 
 OatFileAssistant::DexOptNeeded
 OatFileAssistant::GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed) {
-  bool compilation_desired = CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(target);
-
-  // See if the oat file is in good shape as is.
-  bool oat_okay = oat_.CompilerFilterIsOkay(target, profile_changed);
-  if (oat_okay) {
-    if (compilation_desired) {
-      if (oat_.IsUpToDate()) {
-        return kNoDexOptNeeded;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (!oat_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-        return kNoDexOptNeeded;
-      }
-    }
+  OatFileInfo& info = GetBestInfo();
+  DexOptNeeded dexopt_needed = info.GetDexOptNeeded(target, profile_changed);
+  if (dexopt_needed == kPatchOatNeeded && info.IsOatLocation()) {
+    dexopt_needed = kSelfPatchOatNeeded;
   }
-
-  // See if the odex file is in good shape as is.
-  bool odex_okay = odex_.CompilerFilterIsOkay(target, profile_changed);
-  if (odex_okay) {
-    if (compilation_desired) {
-      if (odex_.IsUpToDate()) {
-        return kNoDexOptNeeded;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (!odex_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-        return kNoDexOptNeeded;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // See if we can get an up-to-date file by running patchoat.
-  if (compilation_desired) {
-    if (odex_okay && odex_.NeedsRelocation() && odex_.HasPatchInfo()) {
-      return kPatchOatNeeded;
-    }
-
-    if (oat_okay && oat_.NeedsRelocation() && oat_.HasPatchInfo()) {
-      return kSelfPatchOatNeeded;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // We can only run dex2oat if there are original dex files.
-  return HasOriginalDexFiles() ? kDex2OatNeeded : kNoDexOptNeeded;
+  return dexopt_needed;
 }
 
 // Figure out the currently specified compile filter option in the runtime.
@@ -205,7 +179,7 @@
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::IsUpToDate() {
-  return OatFileIsUpToDate() || OdexFileIsUpToDate();
+  return GetBestInfo().Status() == kOatUpToDate;
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::ResultOfAttemptToUpdate
@@ -215,59 +189,58 @@
     return kUpdateNotAttempted;
   }
 
-  switch (GetDexOptNeeded(target, profile_changed)) {
+  OatFileInfo& info = GetBestInfo();
+  switch (info.GetDexOptNeeded(target, profile_changed)) {
     case kNoDexOptNeeded: return kUpdateSucceeded;
     case kDex2OatNeeded: return GenerateOatFile(error_msg);
-    case kPatchOatNeeded: return RelocateOatFile(odex_.Filename(), error_msg);
-    case kSelfPatchOatNeeded: return RelocateOatFile(oat_.Filename(), error_msg);
+    case kPatchOatNeeded: return RelocateOatFile(info.Filename(), error_msg);
+
+    // kSelfPatchOatNeeded will never be returned by GetDexOptNeeded for an
+    // individual OatFileInfo.
+    case kSelfPatchOatNeeded: UNREACHABLE();
   }
   UNREACHABLE();
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<OatFile> OatFileAssistant::GetBestOatFile() {
-  // The best oat files are, in descending order of bestness:
-  // 1. Properly relocated files. These may be opened executable.
-  // 2. Not out-of-date files that are already opened non-executable.
-  // 3. Not out-of-date files that we must reopen non-executable.
+  return GetBestInfo().ReleaseFileForUse();
+}
 
-  if (oat_.IsUpToDate()) {
-    return oat_.ReleaseFile();
+std::string OatFileAssistant::GetStatusDump() {
+  std::ostringstream status;
+  bool oat_file_exists = false;
+  bool odex_file_exists = false;
+  if (oat_.Status() != kOatCannotOpen) {
+    // If we can open the file, neither Filename nor GetFile should return null.
+    CHECK(oat_.Filename() != nullptr);
+    CHECK(oat_.GetFile() != nullptr);
+
+    oat_file_exists = true;
+    status << *oat_.Filename() << " [compilation_filter=";
+    status << CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(oat_.GetFile()->GetCompilerFilter());
+    status << ", status=" << oat_.Status();
   }
 
-  if (odex_.IsUpToDate()) {
-    return odex_.ReleaseFile();
-  }
+  if (odex_.Status() != kOatCannotOpen) {
+    // If we can open the file, neither Filename nor GetFile should return null.
+    CHECK(odex_.Filename() != nullptr);
+    CHECK(odex_.GetFile() != nullptr);
 
-  VLOG(oat) << "Oat File Assistant: No relocated oat file found,"
-    << " attempting to fall back to interpreting oat file instead.";
-
-  if (!oat_.IsOutOfDate() && !oat_.IsExecutable()) {
-    return oat_.ReleaseFile();
-  }
-
-  if (!odex_.IsOutOfDate() && !odex_.IsExecutable()) {
-    return odex_.ReleaseFile();
-  }
-
-  if (!oat_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-    load_executable_ = false;
-    oat_.Reset();
-    if (!oat_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-      CHECK(!oat_.IsExecutable());
-      return oat_.ReleaseFile();
+    odex_file_exists = true;
+    if (oat_file_exists) {
+      status << "] ";
     }
+    status << *odex_.Filename() << " [compilation_filter=";
+    status << CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(odex_.GetFile()->GetCompilerFilter());
+    status << ", status=" << odex_.Status();
   }
 
-  if (!odex_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-    load_executable_ = false;
-    odex_.Reset();
-    if (!odex_.IsOutOfDate()) {
-      CHECK(!odex_.IsExecutable());
-      return odex_.ReleaseFile();
-    }
+  if (!oat_file_exists && !odex_file_exists) {
+    status << "invalid[";
   }
 
-  return std::unique_ptr<OatFile>();
+  status << "]";
+  return status.str();
 }
 
 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> OatFileAssistant::LoadDexFiles(
@@ -317,62 +290,14 @@
   return has_original_dex_files_;
 }
 
-const std::string* OatFileAssistant::OdexFileName() {
-  return odex_.Filename();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileExists() {
-  return odex_.Exists();
-}
-
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::OdexFileStatus() {
   return odex_.Status();
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileIsOutOfDate() {
-  return odex_.IsOutOfDate();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileNeedsRelocation() {
-  return odex_.NeedsRelocation();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileIsUpToDate() {
-  return odex_.IsUpToDate();
-}
-
-CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileAssistant::OdexFileCompilerFilter() {
-  return odex_.CompilerFilter();
-}
-
-const std::string* OatFileAssistant::OatFileName() {
-  return oat_.Filename();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileExists() {
-  return oat_.Exists();
-}
-
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::OatFileStatus() {
   return oat_.Status();
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileIsOutOfDate() {
-  return oat_.IsOutOfDate();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileNeedsRelocation() {
-  return oat_.NeedsRelocation();
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileIsUpToDate() {
-  return oat_.IsUpToDate();
-}
-
-CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileAssistant::OatFileCompilerFilter() {
-  return oat_.CompilerFilter();
-}
-
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::GivenOatFileStatus(const OatFile& file) {
   // Verify the dex checksum.
   // Note: GetOatDexFile will return null if the dex checksum doesn't match
@@ -383,7 +308,7 @@
       dex_location_.c_str(), dex_checksum_pointer, &error_msg);
   if (oat_dex_file == nullptr) {
     VLOG(oat) << error_msg;
-    return kOatOutOfDate;
+    return kOatDexOutOfDate;
   }
 
   // Verify the dex checksums for any secondary multidex files
@@ -406,7 +331,7 @@
           << secondary_dex_location
           << ". Expected: " << expected_secondary_checksum
           << ", Actual: " << actual_secondary_checksum;
-        return kOatOutOfDate;
+        return kOatDexOutOfDate;
       }
     } else {
       // If we can't get the checksum for the secondary location, we assume
@@ -425,7 +350,7 @@
       VLOG(oat) << "No image for oat image checksum to match against.";
 
       if (HasOriginalDexFiles()) {
-        return kOatOutOfDate;
+        return kOatBootImageOutOfDate;
       }
 
       // If there is no original dex file to fall back to, grudgingly accept
@@ -439,7 +364,7 @@
     } else if (file.GetOatHeader().GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum()
         != GetCombinedImageChecksum()) {
       VLOG(oat) << "Oat image checksum does not match image checksum.";
-      return kOatOutOfDate;
+      return kOatBootImageOutOfDate;
     }
   } else {
     VLOG(oat) << "Image checksum test skipped for compiler filter " << current_compiler_filter;
@@ -450,7 +375,7 @@
       const ImageInfo* image_info = GetImageInfo();
       if (image_info == nullptr) {
         VLOG(oat) << "No image to check oat relocation against.";
-        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
+        return kOatRelocationOutOfDate;
       }
 
       // Verify the oat_data_begin recorded for the image in the oat file matches
@@ -462,7 +387,7 @@
           ": Oat file image oat_data_begin (" << oat_data_begin << ")"
           << " does not match actual image oat_data_begin ("
           << image_info->oat_data_begin << ")";
-        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
+        return kOatRelocationOutOfDate;
       }
 
       // Verify the oat_patch_delta recorded for the image in the oat file matches
@@ -473,7 +398,7 @@
           ": Oat file image patch delta (" << oat_patch_delta << ")"
           << " does not match actual image patch delta ("
           << image_info->patch_delta << ")";
-        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
+        return kOatRelocationOutOfDate;
       }
     } else {
       // Oat files compiled in PIC mode do not require relocation.
@@ -841,6 +766,11 @@
   return combined_image_checksum_;
 }
 
+OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo& OatFileAssistant::GetBestInfo() {
+  bool use_oat = oat_.IsUseable() || odex_.Status() == kOatCannotOpen;
+  return use_oat ? oat_ : odex_;
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<gc::space::ImageSpace> OatFileAssistant::OpenImageSpace(const OatFile* oat_file) {
   DCHECK(oat_file != nullptr);
   std::string art_file = ReplaceFileExtension(oat_file->GetLocation(), "art");
@@ -857,16 +787,29 @@
   return ret;
 }
 
-OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::OatFileInfo(OatFileAssistant* oat_file_assistant)
-  : oat_file_assistant_(oat_file_assistant)
+OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::OatFileInfo(OatFileAssistant* oat_file_assistant,
+                                           bool is_oat_location)
+  : oat_file_assistant_(oat_file_assistant), is_oat_location_(is_oat_location)
 {}
 
+bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::IsOatLocation() {
+  return is_oat_location_;
+}
+
 const std::string* OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::Filename() {
   return filename_provided_ ? &filename_ : nullptr;
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::Exists() {
-  return GetFile() != nullptr;
+bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::IsUseable() {
+  switch (Status()) {
+    case kOatCannotOpen:
+    case kOatDexOutOfDate:
+    case kOatBootImageOutOfDate: return false;
+
+    case kOatRelocationOutOfDate:
+    case kOatUpToDate: return true;
+  }
+  UNREACHABLE();
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::Status() {
@@ -874,7 +817,7 @@
     status_attempted_ = true;
     const OatFile* file = GetFile();
     if (file == nullptr) {
-      status_ = kOatOutOfDate;
+      status_ = kOatCannotOpen;
     } else {
       status_ = oat_file_assistant_->GivenOatFileStatus(*file);
       VLOG(oat) << file->GetLocation() << " is " << status_
@@ -884,22 +827,32 @@
   return status_;
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::IsOutOfDate() {
-  return Status() == kOatOutOfDate;
-}
+OatFileAssistant::DexOptNeeded OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::GetDexOptNeeded(
+    CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed) {
+  bool compilation_desired = CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(target);
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::NeedsRelocation() {
-  return Status() == kOatNeedsRelocation;
-}
+  if (CompilerFilterIsOkay(target, profile_changed)) {
+    if (Status() == kOatUpToDate) {
+      // The oat file is in good shape as is.
+      return kNoDexOptNeeded;
+    }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::IsUpToDate() {
-  return Status() == kOatUpToDate;
-}
+    if (Status() == kOatRelocationOutOfDate) {
+      if (!compilation_desired) {
+        // If no compilation is desired, then it doesn't matter if the oat
+        // file needs relocation. It's in good shape as is.
+        return kNoDexOptNeeded;
+      }
 
-CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::CompilerFilter() {
-  const OatFile* file = GetFile();
-  CHECK(file != nullptr);
-  return file->GetCompilerFilter();
+      if (compilation_desired && HasPatchInfo()) {
+        // Relocate if we can.
+        return kPatchOatNeeded;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We can only run dex2oat if there are original dex files.
+  return oat_file_assistant_->HasOriginalDexFiles() ? kDex2OatNeeded : kNoDexOptNeeded;
 }
 
 const OatFile* OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::GetFile() {
@@ -967,5 +920,31 @@
   return std::move(file_);
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<OatFile> OatFileAssistant::OatFileInfo::ReleaseFileForUse() {
+  if (Status() == kOatUpToDate) {
+    return ReleaseFile();
+  }
+
+  VLOG(oat) << "Oat File Assistant: No relocated oat file found,"
+    << " attempting to fall back to interpreting oat file instead.";
+
+  if (Status() == kOatRelocationOutOfDate && !IsExecutable()) {
+    return ReleaseFile();
+  }
+
+  if (Status() == kOatRelocationOutOfDate) {
+    // We are loading an oat file for runtime use that needs relocation.
+    // Reload the file non-executable to ensure that we interpret out of the
+    // dex code in the oat file rather than trying to execute the unrelocated
+    // compiled code.
+    oat_file_assistant_->load_executable_ = false;
+    Reset();
+    if (IsUseable()) {
+      CHECK(!IsExecutable());
+      return ReleaseFile();
+    }
+  }
+  return std::unique_ptr<OatFile>();
+}
 }  // namespace art
 
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
index 3f018dc..3a838d7 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
@@ -70,19 +70,26 @@
   };
 
   enum OatStatus {
-    // kOatOutOfDate - An oat file is said to be out of date if the file does
-    // not exist, is out of date with respect to the dex file or boot image,
-    // or does not meet the target compilation type.
-    kOatOutOfDate,
+    // kOatCannotOpen - The oat file cannot be opened, because it does not
+    // exist, is unreadable, or otherwise corrupted.
+    kOatCannotOpen,
 
-    // kOatNeedsRelocation - An oat file is said to need relocation if the
-    // code is up to date, but not yet properly relocated for address space
-    // layout randomization (ASLR). In this case, the oat file is neither
-    // "out of date" nor "up to date".
-    kOatNeedsRelocation,
+    // kOatDexOutOfDate - The oat file is out of date with respect to the dex file.
+    kOatDexOutOfDate,
 
-    // kOatUpToDate - An oat file is said to be up to date if it is not out of
-    // date and has been properly relocated for the purposes of ASLR.
+    // kOatBootImageOutOfDate - The oat file is up to date with respect to the
+    // dex file, but is out of date with respect to the boot image.
+    kOatBootImageOutOfDate,
+
+    // kOatRelocationOutOfDate - The oat file is up to date with respect to
+    // the dex file and boot image, but contains compiled code that has the
+    // wrong patch delta with respect to the boot image. Patchoat should be
+    // run on the oat file to update the patch delta of the compiled code to
+    // match the boot image.
+    kOatRelocationOutOfDate,
+
+    // kOatUpToDate - The oat file is completely up to date with respect to
+    // the dex file and boot image.
     kOatUpToDate,
   };
 
@@ -179,6 +186,10 @@
   // the OatFileAssistant object.
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> GetBestOatFile();
 
+  // Returns a human readable description of the status of the code for the
+  // dex file. The returned description is for debugging purposes only.
+  std::string GetStatusDump();
+
   // Open and returns an image space associated with the oat file.
   static std::unique_ptr<gc::space::ImageSpace> OpenImageSpace(const OatFile* oat_file);
 
@@ -205,43 +216,16 @@
   // really an oat file. The odex file will often, but not always, have a
   // patch delta of 0 and need to be relocated before use for the purposes of
   // ASLR. The odex file is treated as if it were read-only.
-  // These methods return the location and status of the odex file for the dex
-  // location.
-  // Notes:
-  //  * OdexFileName may return null if the odex file name could not be
-  //    determined.
-  const std::string* OdexFileName();
-  bool OdexFileExists();
+  //
+  // Returns the status of the odex file for the dex location.
   OatStatus OdexFileStatus();
-  bool OdexFileIsOutOfDate();
-  bool OdexFileNeedsRelocation();
-  bool OdexFileIsUpToDate();
-  // Must only be called if the associated odex file exists, i.e, if
-  // |OdexFileExists() == true|.
-  CompilerFilter::Filter OdexFileCompilerFilter();
 
   // When the dex files is compiled on the target device, the oat file is the
   // result. The oat file will have been relocated to some
   // (possibly-out-of-date) offset for ASLR.
-  // These methods return the location and status of the target oat file for
-  // the dex location.
   //
-  // Notes:
-  //  * OatFileName may return null if the oat file name could not be
-  //    determined.
-  const std::string* OatFileName();
-  bool OatFileExists();
+  // Returns the status of the oat file for the dex location.
   OatStatus OatFileStatus();
-  bool OatFileIsOutOfDate();
-  bool OatFileNeedsRelocation();
-  bool OatFileIsUpToDate();
-  // Must only be called if the associated oat file exists, i.e, if
-  // |OatFileExists() == true|.
-  CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileCompilerFilter();
-
-  // Return the status for a given opened oat file with respect to the dex
-  // location.
-  OatStatus GivenOatFileStatus(const OatFile& file);
 
   // Generates the oat file by relocation from the named input file.
   // This does not check the current status before attempting to relocate the
@@ -311,29 +295,39 @@
     // Initially the info is for no file in particular. It will treat the
     // file as out of date until Reset is called with a real filename to use
     // the cache for.
-    explicit OatFileInfo(OatFileAssistant* oat_file_assistant);
+    // Pass true for is_oat_location if the information associated with this
+    // OatFileInfo is for the oat location, as opposed to the odex location.
+    OatFileInfo(OatFileAssistant* oat_file_assistant, bool is_oat_location);
+
+    bool IsOatLocation();
 
     const std::string* Filename();
-    bool Exists();
+
+    // Returns true if this oat file can be used for running code. The oat
+    // file can be used for running code as long as it is not out of date with
+    // respect to the dex code or boot image. An oat file that is out of date
+    // with respect to relocation is considered useable, because it's possible
+    // to interpret the dex code rather than run the unrelocated compiled
+    // code.
+    bool IsUseable();
+
+    // Returns the status of this oat file.
     OatStatus Status();
-    bool IsOutOfDate();
-    bool NeedsRelocation();
-    bool IsUpToDate();
-    // Must only be called if the associated file exists, i.e, if
-    // |Exists() == true|.
-    CompilerFilter::Filter CompilerFilter();
+
+    // Return the DexOptNeeded value for this oat file with respect to the
+    // given target_compilation_filter.
+    // profile_changed should be true to indicate the profile has recently
+    // changed for this dex location.
+    // If patchoat is needed, this function will return the kPatchOatNeeded
+    // status, not the kSelfPatchOatNeeded status.
+    DexOptNeeded GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target_compiler_filter,
+                                 bool profile_changed);
 
     // Returns the loaded file.
     // Loads the file if needed. Returns null if the file failed to load.
     // The caller shouldn't clean up or free the returned pointer.
     const OatFile* GetFile();
 
-    // Returns true if the compiler filter used to generate the file is at
-    // least as good as the given target filter. profile_changed should be
-    // true to indicate the profile has recently changed for this dex
-    // location.
-    bool CompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed);
-
     // Returns true if the file is opened executable.
     bool IsExecutable();
 
@@ -348,6 +342,23 @@
     // file with the given filename.
     void Reset(const std::string& filename);
 
+    // Release the loaded oat file for runtime use.
+    // Returns null if the oat file hasn't been loaded or is out of date.
+    // Ensures the returned file is not loaded executable if it has unuseable
+    // compiled code.
+    //
+    // After this call, no other methods of the OatFileInfo should be
+    // called, because access to the loaded oat file has been taken away from
+    // the OatFileInfo object.
+    std::unique_ptr<OatFile> ReleaseFileForUse();
+
+   private:
+    // Returns true if the compiler filter used to generate the file is at
+    // least as good as the given target filter. profile_changed should be
+    // true to indicate the profile has recently changed for this dex
+    // location.
+    bool CompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed);
+
     // Release the loaded oat file.
     // Returns null if the oat file hasn't been loaded.
     //
@@ -356,8 +367,8 @@
     // the OatFileInfo object.
     std::unique_ptr<OatFile> ReleaseFile();
 
-   private:
     OatFileAssistant* oat_file_assistant_;
+    const bool is_oat_location_;
 
     bool filename_provided_ = false;
     std::string filename_;
@@ -374,6 +385,13 @@
     bool file_released_ = false;
   };
 
+  // Return info for the best oat file.
+  OatFileInfo& GetBestInfo();
+
+  // Return the status for a given opened oat file with respect to the dex
+  // location.
+  OatStatus GivenOatFileStatus(const OatFile& file);
+
   // Returns the current image location.
   // Returns an empty string if the image location could not be retrieved.
   //
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
index d4337b9..1848255 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
   // Pre-Relocate the image to a known non-zero offset so we don't have to
   // deal with the runtime randomly relocating the image by 0 and messing up
   // the expected results of the tests.
-  bool PreRelocateImage(std::string* error_msg) {
+  bool PreRelocateImage(const std::string& image_location, std::string* error_msg) {
     std::string image;
-    if (!GetCachedImageFile(&image, error_msg)) {
+    if (!GetCachedImageFile(image_location, &image, error_msg)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
     std::vector<std::string> argv;
     argv.push_back(patchoat);
-    argv.push_back("--input-image-location=" + GetImageLocation());
+    argv.push_back("--input-image-location=" + image_location);
     argv.push_back("--output-image-file=" + image);
     argv.push_back("--instruction-set=" + std::string(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA)));
     argv.push_back("--base-offset-delta=0x00008000");
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
 
   virtual void PreRuntimeCreate() {
     std::string error_msg;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
-
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation2(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
     UnreserveImageSpace();
   }
 
@@ -78,24 +78,32 @@
     ReserveImageSpace();
   }
 
-  // Generate a non-PIC odex file for the purposes of test.
-  // The generated odex file will be un-relocated.
-  void GenerateOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
-                           const std::string& odex_location,
-                           CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
-                           bool pic = false,
-                           bool with_patch_info = true) {
-    // Temporarily redirect the dalvik cache so dex2oat doesn't find the
-    // relocated image file.
+  // Generate an oat file for the purposes of test.
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                          const std::string& oat_location,
+                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                          bool relocate,
+                          bool pic,
+                          bool with_patch_info,
+                          bool with_alternate_image) {
     std::string dalvik_cache = GetDalvikCache(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA));
     std::string dalvik_cache_tmp = dalvik_cache + ".redirected";
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache.c_str(), dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+
+    if (!relocate) {
+      // Temporarily redirect the dalvik cache so dex2oat doesn't find the
+      // relocated image file.
+      ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache.c_str(), dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+    }
 
     std::vector<std::string> args;
     args.push_back("--dex-file=" + dex_location);
-    args.push_back("--oat-file=" + odex_location);
+    args.push_back("--oat-file=" + oat_location);
     args.push_back("--compiler-filter=" + CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(filter));
     args.push_back("--runtime-arg");
+
+    // Use -Xnorelocate regardless of the relocate argument.
+    // We control relocation by redirecting the dalvik cache when needed
+    // rather than use this flag.
     args.push_back("-Xnorelocate");
 
     if (pic) {
@@ -106,14 +114,22 @@
       args.push_back("--include-patch-information");
     }
 
+    std::string image_location = GetImageLocation();
+    if (with_alternate_image) {
+      args.push_back("--boot-image=" + GetImageLocation2());
+    }
+
     std::string error_msg;
     ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::Dex2Oat(args, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str(), dalvik_cache.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
 
-    // Verify the odex file was generated as expected and really is
-    // unrelocated.
-    std::unique_ptr<OatFile> odex_file(OatFile::Open(odex_location.c_str(),
-                                                     odex_location.c_str(),
+    if (!relocate) {
+      // Restore the dalvik cache if needed.
+      ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str(), dalvik_cache.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+    }
+
+    // Verify the odex file was generated as expected.
+    std::unique_ptr<OatFile> odex_file(OatFile::Open(oat_location.c_str(),
+                                                     oat_location.c_str(),
                                                      nullptr,
                                                      nullptr,
                                                      false,
@@ -125,24 +141,59 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(with_patch_info, odex_file->HasPatchInfo());
     EXPECT_EQ(filter, odex_file->GetCompilerFilter());
 
-    if (CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(filter)) {
-      const std::vector<gc::space::ImageSpace*> image_spaces =
-        Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetBootImageSpaces();
-      ASSERT_TRUE(!image_spaces.empty() && image_spaces[0] != nullptr);
-      const ImageHeader& image_header = image_spaces[0]->GetImageHeader();
-      const OatHeader& oat_header = odex_file->GetOatHeader();
-      uint32_t combined_checksum = OatFileAssistant::CalculateCombinedImageChecksum();
-      EXPECT_EQ(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
-      EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header.GetOatDataBegin()),
-          oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
-      EXPECT_NE(image_header.GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
+    std::unique_ptr<ImageHeader> image_header(
+            gc::space::ImageSpace::ReadImageHeader(image_location.c_str(),
+                                                   kRuntimeISA,
+                                                   &error_msg));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(image_header != nullptr) << error_msg;
+    const OatHeader& oat_header = odex_file->GetOatHeader();
+    uint32_t combined_checksum = OatFileAssistant::CalculateCombinedImageChecksum();
+
+    if (CompilerFilter::DependsOnImageChecksum(filter)) {
+      if (with_alternate_image) {
+        EXPECT_NE(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
+      }
     }
+
+    if (CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(filter)) {
+      if (relocate) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
+            oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
+        EXPECT_EQ(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
+            oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
+        EXPECT_NE(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generate a non-PIC odex file for the purposes of test.
+  // The generated odex file will be un-relocated.
+  void GenerateOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                           const std::string& odex_location,
+                           CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
+    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                       odex_location,
+                       filter,
+                       /*relocate*/false,
+                       /*pic*/false,
+                       /*with_patch_info*/true,
+                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
   }
 
   void GeneratePicOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
                               const std::string& odex_location,
                               CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-    GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, filter, true, false);
+    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                       odex_location,
+                       filter,
+                       /*relocate*/false,
+                       /*pic*/true,
+                       /*with_patch_info*/false,
+                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
   }
 
   // Generate a non-PIC odex file without patch information for the purposes
@@ -150,7 +201,43 @@
   void GenerateNoPatchOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
                                   const std::string& odex_location,
                                   CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-    GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, filter, false, false);
+    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                       odex_location,
+                       filter,
+                       /*relocate*/false,
+                       /*pic*/false,
+                       /*with_patch_info*/false,
+                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
+  }
+
+  // Generate an oat file in the oat location.
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location,
+                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                          bool relocate,
+                          bool pic,
+                          bool with_patch_info,
+                          bool with_alternate_image) {
+    std::string oat_location;
+    std::string error_msg;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::DexLocationToOatFilename(
+          dex_location, kRuntimeISA, &oat_location, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                       oat_location,
+                       filter,
+                       relocate,
+                       pic,
+                       with_patch_info,
+                       with_alternate_image);
+  }
+
+  // Generate a standard oat file in the oat location.
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
+    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                       filter,
+                       /*relocate*/true,
+                       /*pic*/false,
+                       /*with_patch_info*/false,
+                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
   }
 
  private:
@@ -211,36 +298,6 @@
   }
 };
 
-// Generate an oat file for the purposes of test, as opposed to testing
-// generation of oat files.
-static void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-  // Use an oat file assistant to find the proper oat location.
-  std::string oat_location;
-  std::string error_msg;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::DexLocationToOatFilename(
-        dex_location, kRuntimeISA, &oat_location, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-
-  std::vector<std::string> args;
-  args.push_back("--dex-file=" + std::string(dex_location));
-  args.push_back("--oat-file=" + oat_location);
-  args.push_back("--compiler-filter=" + CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(filter));
-  args.push_back("--runtime-arg");
-  args.push_back("-Xnorelocate");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::Dex2Oat(args, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-
-  // Verify the oat file was generated as expected.
-  std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file(OatFile::Open(oat_location.c_str(),
-                                                  oat_location.c_str(),
-                                                  nullptr,
-                                                  nullptr,
-                                                  false,
-                                                  /*low_4gb*/false,
-                                                  dex_location,
-                                                  &error_msg));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr) << error_msg;
-  EXPECT_EQ(filter, oat_file->GetCompilerFilter());
-}
-
 // Case: We have a DEX file, but no OAT file for it.
 // Expect: The status is kDex2OatNeeded.
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, DexNoOat) {
@@ -259,16 +316,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -311,13 +360,7 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kEverything));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
@@ -341,13 +384,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatDexOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
 }
 
 // Case: We have a DEX file and speed-profile OAT file for it.
@@ -370,13 +408,7 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly, true));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
@@ -453,10 +485,10 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(2u, dex_files.size());
 }
 
-// Case: We have a DEX file and out-of-date OAT file.
-// Expect: The status is kDex2OatNeeded.
-TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, OatOutOfDate) {
-  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatOutOfDate.jar";
+// Case: We have a DEX file and an OAT file out of date with respect to the
+// dex checksum.
+TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, OatDexOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatDexOutOfDate.jar";
 
   // We create a dex, generate an oat for it, then overwrite the dex with a
   // different dex to make the oat out of date.
@@ -471,12 +503,62 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatDexOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and an OAT file out of date with respect to the
+// boot image.
+TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, OatImageOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatImageOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(),
+                     CompilerFilter::kSpeed,
+                     /*relocate*/true,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_patch_info*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/true);
+
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatBootImageOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and a verify-at-runtime OAT file out of date with
+// respect to the boot image.
+// It shouldn't matter that the OAT file is out of date, because it is
+// verify-at-runtime.
+TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, OatVerifyAtRuntimeImageOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatVerifyAtRuntimeImageOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(),
+                     CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime,
+                     /*relocate*/true,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_patch_info*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/true);
+
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -499,13 +581,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // We should still be able to get the non-executable odex file to run from.
@@ -533,12 +610,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Make the oat file up to date.
@@ -551,12 +624,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Verify we can load the dex files from it.
@@ -596,13 +665,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kEverything));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatDexOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Make the oat file up to date.
@@ -617,14 +681,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kEverything));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Verify we can load the dex files from it.
@@ -654,13 +712,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Make the oat file up to date. This should have no effect.
@@ -673,13 +726,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -705,14 +753,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kEverything));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Make the oat file up to date.
@@ -725,14 +767,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
@@ -778,7 +814,7 @@
 
 // Case: We have a DEX file, an ODEX file and an OAT file, where the ODEX and
 // OAT files both have patch delta of 0.
-// Expect: It shouldn't crash, and status is kPatchOatNeeded.
+// Expect: It shouldn't crash, and status is kSelfPatchOatNeeded.
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, OdexOatOverlap) {
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OdexOatOverlap.jar";
   std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/OdexOatOverlap.odex";
@@ -796,16 +832,15 @@
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(),
       oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kPatchOatNeeded,
+  // kSelfPatchOatNeeded is expected rather than kPatchOatNeeded based on the
+  // assumption that the oat location is more up-to-date than the odex
+  // location, even if they both need relocation.
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kSelfPatchOatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatRelocationOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Things aren't relocated, so it should fall back to interpreted.
@@ -837,12 +872,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kEverything));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -865,12 +896,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatUpToDate, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -958,7 +985,7 @@
 
   // Verify it didn't create an oat in the default location.
   OatFileAssistant ofm(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ofm.OatFileExists());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, ofm.OatFileStatus());
 }
 
 // Case: We have a DEX file but can't write the oat file.
@@ -1045,12 +1072,8 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
 }
 
 // Case: Very short, non-existent Dex location.
@@ -1063,12 +1086,8 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Trying to make it up to date should have no effect.
@@ -1091,12 +1110,8 @@
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OdexFileStatus());
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatCannotOpen, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
 }
 
 // A task to generate a dex location. Used by the RaceToGenerate test.
@@ -1297,9 +1312,6 @@
 }
 
 // TODO: More Tests:
-//  * Image checksum change is out of date for kIntepretOnly, but not
-//    kVerifyAtRuntime. But target of kVerifyAtRuntime still says current
-//    kInterpretOnly is out of date.
 //  * Test class linker falls back to unquickened dex for DexNoOat
 //  * Test class linker falls back to unquickened dex for MultiDexNoOat
 //  * Test using secondary isa
@@ -1313,5 +1325,4 @@
 //    because it's unrelocated and no dex2oat
 //  * Test unrelocated specific target compilation type can be relocated to
 //    make it up to date.
-
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/vdex_file.cc b/runtime/vdex_file.cc
index b3dab58..843be92 100644
--- a/runtime/vdex_file.cc
+++ b/runtime/vdex_file.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "base/unix_file/fd_file.h"
+#include "dex_file.h"
 
 namespace art {
 
@@ -73,10 +74,19 @@
     return nullptr;
   }
 
+  return Open(vdex_file->Fd(), vdex_length, vdex_filename, writable, low_4gb, error_msg);
+}
+
+VdexFile* VdexFile::Open(int file_fd,
+                         size_t vdex_length,
+                         const std::string& vdex_filename,
+                         bool writable,
+                         bool low_4gb,
+                         std::string* error_msg) {
   std::unique_ptr<MemMap> mmap(MemMap::MapFile(vdex_length,
                                                writable ? PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE : PROT_READ,
                                                MAP_SHARED,
-                                               vdex_file->Fd(),
+                                               file_fd,
                                                0 /* start offset */,
                                                low_4gb,
                                                vdex_filename.c_str(),
@@ -90,4 +100,16 @@
   return new VdexFile(mmap.release());
 }
 
+const uint8_t* VdexFile::GetNextDexFileData(const uint8_t* cursor) const {
+  DCHECK(cursor == nullptr || (cursor > Begin() && cursor <= End()));
+  if (cursor == nullptr) {
+    // Beginning of the iteration, return the first dex file if there is one.
+    return HasDexSection() ? DexBegin() : nullptr;
+  } else {
+    // Fetch the next dex file. Return null if there is none.
+    const uint8_t* data = cursor + reinterpret_cast<const DexFile::Header*>(cursor)->file_size_;
+    return (data == DexEnd()) ? nullptr : data;
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/vdex_file.h b/runtime/vdex_file.h
index edd6ffe..75a0d5e 100644
--- a/runtime/vdex_file.h
+++ b/runtime/vdex_file.h
@@ -71,6 +71,13 @@
                         bool low_4gb,
                         std::string* error_msg);
 
+  static VdexFile* Open(int file_fd,
+                        size_t vdex_length,
+                        const std::string& vdex_filename,
+                        bool writable,
+                        bool low_4gb,
+                        std::string* error_msg);
+
   const uint8_t* Begin() const { return mmap_->Begin(); }
   const uint8_t* End() const { return mmap_->End(); }
   size_t Size() const { return mmap_->Size(); }
@@ -84,9 +91,37 @@
         Begin() + sizeof(Header) + GetHeader().GetDexSize(), GetHeader().GetVerifierDepsSize());
   }
 
+  ArrayRef<const uint8_t> GetQuickeningInfo() const {
+    return ArrayRef<const uint8_t>(
+        GetVerifierDepsData().data() + GetHeader().GetVerifierDepsSize(),
+        GetHeader().GetQuickeningInfoSize());
+  }
+
+  bool IsValid() const {
+    return mmap_->Size() >= sizeof(Header) && GetHeader().IsValid();
+  }
+
+  // This method is for iterating over the dex files in the vdex. If `cursor` is null,
+  // the first dex file is returned. If `cursor` is not null, it must point to a dex
+  // file and this method returns the next dex file if there is one, or null if there
+  // is none.
+  const uint8_t* GetNextDexFileData(const uint8_t* cursor) const;
+
  private:
   explicit VdexFile(MemMap* mmap) : mmap_(mmap) {}
 
+  bool HasDexSection() const {
+    return GetHeader().GetDexSize() != 0;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t* DexBegin() const {
+    return Begin() + sizeof(Header);
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t* DexEnd() const {
+    return Begin() + sizeof(Header) + GetHeader().GetDexSize();
+  }
+
   std::unique_ptr<MemMap> mmap_;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(VdexFile);
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/clear_dex_cache_types.cc b/test/626-const-class-linking/clear_dex_cache_types.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index ff33709..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/clear_dex_cache_types.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "jni.h"
-#include "scoped_thread_state_change-inl.h"
-
-namespace art {
-
-namespace {
-
-extern "C" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_Main_clearResolvedTypes(JNIEnv*, jclass, jclass cls) {
-  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
-  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(cls)->GetDexCache();
-  for (size_t i = 0, num_types = dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i != num_types; ++i) {
-    dex_cache->SetResolvedType(dex::TypeIndex(i), ObjPtr<mirror::Class>(nullptr));
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-}  // namespace art
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/expected.txt b/test/626-const-class-linking/expected.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1243226..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/expected.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-JNI_OnLoad called
-first: Helper1 class loader: DelegatingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: DelegatingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-testClearDexCache done
-first: Helper1 class loader: DelegatingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper2 class loader: DelegatingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-testMultiDex done
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-total: 4
-  throwables: 0
-  class_weaks: 4 (1 unique)
-testRacyLoader done
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper3 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test3 class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper3 class loader: RacyLoader
-second: Test3 class loader: DefiningLoader
-total: 4
-  throwables: 0
-  class_weaks: 4 (2 unique)
-testRacyLoader2 done
-java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Initiating class loader of type MisbehavingLoader returned class Helper2 instead of Test.
-testMisbehavingLoader done
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-total: 4
-  throwables: 0
-  class_weaks: 4 (1 unique)
-testRacyMisbehavingLoader done
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-first: Helper1 class loader: RacyMisbehavingLoader
-second: Test class loader: DefiningLoader
-total: 4
-  throwables: 0
-  class_weaks: 4 (1 unique)
-testRacyMisbehavingLoader2 done
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/info.txt b/test/626-const-class-linking/info.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c19a46..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/info.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Test that once a const-class instruction is linked, it will keep referring
-to the same class even in the presence of custom class loaders even after
-clearing the dex cache type array.
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/multidex.jpp b/test/626-const-class-linking/multidex.jpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c7a6648..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/multidex.jpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-ClassPair:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class ClassPair
-DefiningLoader:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class DefiningLoader
-DelegatingLoader:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class DelegatingLoader
-Helper1:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class Helper1
-Main:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class Main
-MisbehavingLoader:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class MisbehavingLoader
-RacyLoader:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class RacyLoader
-RacyMisbehavingHelper:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class RacyMisbehavingHelper
-RacyMisbehavingLoader:
-  @@com.android.jack.annotations.ForceInMainDex
-  class RacyMisbehavingLoader
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper2.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper2.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bb31ee..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper2.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class Helper2 {
-    public static ClassPair get() {
-        Class<?> helper2_class = Helper2.class;
-        Class<?> test_class = Test.class;
-        return new ClassPair(helper2_class, test_class);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper3.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper3.java
deleted file mode 100644
index af996de..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Helper3.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class Helper3 {
-    public static ClassPair get() {
-        Class<?> helper3_class = Helper3.class;
-        Class<?> test3_class = Test3.class;
-        return new ClassPair(helper3_class, test3_class);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test3.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test3.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c4b134d..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test3.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class Test3 {
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/ClassPair.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/ClassPair.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b07036c..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/ClassPair.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class ClassPair {
-    public Class<?> first;
-    public Class<?> second;
-
-    public ClassPair(Class<?> first, Class<?> second) {
-        this.first = first;
-        this.second = second;
-    }
-
-    public void print() {
-        String first_loader_name = first.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
-        System.out.println("first: " + first.getName() + " class loader: " + first_loader_name);
-        String second_loader_name = second.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
-        System.out.println("second: " + second.getName() + " class loader: " + second_loader_name);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DefiningLoader.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DefiningLoader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b17ab77..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DefiningLoader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
-import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-
-/**
- * A class loader with atypical behavior: we try to load a private
- * class implementation before asking the system or boot loader.  This
- * is used to create multiple classes with identical names in a single VM.
- *
- * If DexFile is available, we use that; if not, we assume we're not in
- * Dalvik and instantiate the class with defineClass().
- *
- * The location of the DEX files and class data is dependent upon the
- * test framework.
- */
-public class DefiningLoader extends ClassLoader {
-    static {
-        // For JVM, register as parallel capable.
-        // Android treats all class loaders as parallel capable and makes this a no-op.
-        registerAsParallelCapable();
-    }
-
-    /* this is where the .class files live */
-    static final String CLASS_PATH1 = "classes/";
-    static final String CLASS_PATH2 = "classes2/";
-
-    /* this is the DEX/Jar file */
-    static final String DEX_FILE = System.getenv("DEX_LOCATION") + "/626-const-class-linking.jar";
-
-    /* on Dalvik, this is a DexFile; otherwise, it's null */
-    private Class<?> mDexClass;
-
-    private Object mDexFile;
-
-    /**
-     * Construct DefiningLoader, grabbing a reference to the DexFile class
-     * if we're running under Dalvik.
-     */
-    public DefiningLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
-        super(parent);
-
-        try {
-            mDexClass = parent.loadClass("dalvik.system.DexFile");
-        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
-            // ignore -- not running Dalvik
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Finds the class with the specified binary name.
-     *
-     * We search for a file in CLASS_PATH or pull an entry from DEX_FILE.
-     * If we don't find a match, we throw an exception.
-     */
-    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (mDexClass != null) {
-            return findClassDalvik(name);
-        } else {
-            return findClassNonDalvik(name);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Finds the class with the specified binary name, from a DEX file.
-     */
-    private Class<?> findClassDalvik(String name)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException {
-
-        if (mDexFile == null) {
-            synchronized (DefiningLoader.class) {
-                Constructor<?> ctor;
-                /*
-                 * Construct a DexFile object through reflection.
-                 */
-                try {
-                    ctor = mDexClass.getConstructor(String.class);
-                } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
-                    throw new ClassNotFoundException("getConstructor failed",
-                        nsme);
-                }
-
-                try {
-                    mDexFile = ctor.newInstance(DEX_FILE);
-                } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
-                    throw new ClassNotFoundException("newInstance failed", ie);
-                } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
-                    throw new ClassNotFoundException("newInstance failed", iae);
-                } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-                    throw new ClassNotFoundException("newInstance failed", ite);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * Call DexFile.loadClass(String, ClassLoader).
-         */
-        Method meth;
-
-        try {
-            meth = mDexClass.getMethod("loadClass", String.class, ClassLoader.class);
-        } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("getMethod failed", nsme);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            meth.invoke(mDexFile, name, this);
-        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("loadClass failed", iae);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("loadClass failed",
-                ite.getCause());
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Finds the class with the specified binary name, from .class files.
-     */
-    private Class<?> findClassNonDalvik(String name)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException {
-
-        String[] pathNames = { CLASS_PATH1 + name + ".class", CLASS_PATH2 + name + ".class" };
-
-        String pathName = null;
-        RandomAccessFile raf = null;
-
-        for (String pn : pathNames) {
-            pathName = pn;
-            try {
-                //System.out.println("--- Defining: looking for " + pathName);
-                raf = new RandomAccessFile(new File(pathName), "r");
-                break;
-            } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
-            }
-        }
-        if (raf == null) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("Not found: " + pathNames[0] + ":" + pathNames[1]);
-        }
-
-        /* read the entire file in */
-        byte[] fileData;
-        try {
-            fileData = new byte[(int) raf.length()];
-            raf.readFully(fileData);
-        } catch (IOException ioe) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("Read error: " + pathName);
-        } finally {
-            try {
-                raf.close();
-            } catch (IOException ioe) {
-                // drop
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* create the class */
-        //System.out.println("--- Defining: defining " + name);
-        try {
-            return defineClass(name, fileData, 0, fileData.length);
-        } catch (Throwable th) {
-            throw new ClassNotFoundException("defineClass failed", th);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Load a class.
-     *
-     * Normally a class loader wouldn't override this, but we want our
-     * version of the class to take precedence over an already-loaded
-     * version.
-     *
-     * We still want the system classes (e.g. java.lang.Object) from the
-     * bootstrap class loader.
-     */
-    synchronized protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        Class<?> res;
-
-        /*
-         * 1. Invoke findLoadedClass(String) to check if the class has
-         * already been loaded.
-         *
-         * This doesn't change.
-         */
-        res = findLoadedClass(name);
-        if (res != null) {
-            // System.out.println("FancyLoader.loadClass: " + name + " already loaded");
-            if (resolve)
-                resolveClass(res);
-            return res;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * 3. Invoke the findClass(String) method to find the class.
-         */
-        try {
-            res = findClass(name);
-            if (resolve)
-                resolveClass(res);
-        }
-        catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-            // we couldn't find it, so eat the exception and keep going
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * 2. Invoke the loadClass method on the parent class loader.  If
-         * the parent loader is null the class loader built-in to the
-         * virtual machine is used, instead.
-         *
-         * (Since we're not in java.lang, we can't actually invoke the
-         * parent's loadClass() method, but we passed our parent to the
-         * super-class which can take care of it for us.)
-         */
-        res = super.loadClass(name, resolve);   // returns class or throws
-        return res;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DelegatingLoader.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DelegatingLoader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 49955d4..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/DelegatingLoader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class DelegatingLoader extends DefiningLoader {
-    private DefiningLoader defining_loader;
-
-    public DelegatingLoader(ClassLoader parent, DefiningLoader defining_loader) {
-        super(parent);
-        this.defining_loader = defining_loader;
-    }
-
-    public void resetDefiningLoader(DefiningLoader defining_loader) {
-        this.defining_loader = defining_loader;
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            throw new Error("Unexpected DelegatingLoader.findClass(\"Test\")");
-        }
-        return super.findClass(name);
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            return defining_loader.loadClass(name, resolve);
-        }
-        return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Helper1.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Helper1.java
deleted file mode 100644
index ff9cd1a..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Helper1.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class Helper1 {
-    public static ClassPair get() {
-        Class<?> helper1_class = Helper1.class;
-        Class<?> test_class = Test.class;
-        return new ClassPair(helper1_class, test_class);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Main.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Main.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 05a6bac..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/Main.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
-import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-
-public class Main {
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-        try {
-            System.loadLibrary(args[0]);
-        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ule) {
-            usingRI = true;
-            // Add expected JNI_OnLoad log line to match expected.txt.
-            System.out.println("JNI_OnLoad called");
-        }
-
-        testClearDexCache();
-        testMultiDex();
-        testRacyLoader();
-        testRacyLoader2();
-        testMisbehavingLoader();
-        testRacyMisbehavingLoader();
-        testRacyMisbehavingLoader2();
-    }
-
-    private static void testClearDexCache() throws Exception {
-        DelegatingLoader delegating_loader = createDelegatingLoader();
-        Class<?> helper = delegating_loader.loadClass("Helper1");
-
-        WeakReference<Class<?>> weak_test1 = wrapHelperGet(helper);
-        changeInner(delegating_loader);
-        if (!usingRI) {
-            clearResolvedTypes(helper);
-        }
-        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
-        WeakReference<Class<?>> weak_test2 = wrapHelperGet(helper);
-        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
-
-        Class<?> test1 = weak_test1.get();
-        if (test1 == null) {
-            System.out.println("test1 disappeared");
-        }
-        Class<?> test2 = weak_test2.get();
-        if (test2 == null) {
-            System.out.println("test2 disappeared");
-        }
-        if (test1 != test2) {
-            System.out.println("test1 != test2");
-        }
-
-        System.out.println("testClearDexCache done");
-    }
-
-    private static void testMultiDex() throws Exception {
-        DelegatingLoader delegating_loader = createDelegatingLoader();
-
-        Class<?> helper1 = delegating_loader.loadClass("Helper1");
-        WeakReference<Class<?>> weak_test1 = wrapHelperGet(helper1);
-
-        changeInner(delegating_loader);
-
-        Class<?> helper2 = delegating_loader.loadClass("Helper2");
-        WeakReference<Class<?>> weak_test2 = wrapHelperGet(helper2);
-
-        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
-
-        Class<?> test1 = weak_test1.get();
-        if (test1 == null) {
-            System.out.println("test1 disappeared");
-        }
-        Class<?> test2 = weak_test2.get();
-        if (test2 == null) {
-            System.out.println("test2 disappeared");
-        }
-        if (test1 != test2) {
-            System.out.println("test1 != test2");
-        }
-
-        System.out.println("testMultiDex done");
-    }
-
-    private static void testMisbehavingLoader() throws Exception {
-        ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-        DefiningLoader defining_loader = new DefiningLoader(system_loader);
-        MisbehavingLoader misbehaving_loader =
-            new MisbehavingLoader(system_loader, defining_loader);
-        Class<?> helper = misbehaving_loader.loadClass("Helper1");
-
-        try {
-            WeakReference<Class<?>> weak_test = wrapHelperGet(helper);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-            String message = ite.getCause().getMessage();
-            if (usingRI && "Test".equals(message)) {
-              // Replace RI message with dalvik message to match expected.txt.
-              message = "Initiating class loader of type " +
-                  misbehaving_loader.getClass().getName() +
-                  " returned class Helper2 instead of Test.";
-            }
-            System.out.println(ite.getCause().getClass().getName() + ": " + message);
-        }
-        System.out.println("testMisbehavingLoader done");
-    }
-
-    private static void testRacyLoader() throws Exception {
-        final ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-
-        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[4];
-        final Object[] results = new Object[threads.length];
-
-        final RacyLoader racy_loader = new RacyLoader(system_loader, threads.length);
-        final Class<?> helper1 = racy_loader.loadClass("Helper1");
-
-        for (int i = 0; i != threads.length; ++i) {
-            final int my_index = i;
-            Thread t = new Thread() {
-                public void run() {
-                    try {
-                        Method get = helper1.getDeclaredMethod("get");
-                        results[my_index] = get.invoke(null);
-                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-                        results[my_index] = ite.getCause();
-                    } catch (Throwable t) {
-                        results[my_index] = t;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            t.start();
-            threads[i] = t;
-        }
-        for (Thread t : threads) {
-            t.join();
-        }
-        dumpResultStats(results);
-        System.out.println("testRacyLoader done");
-    }
-
-    private static void testRacyLoader2() throws Exception {
-        final ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-
-        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[4];
-        final Object[] results = new Object[threads.length];
-
-        final RacyLoader racy_loader = new RacyLoader(system_loader, threads.length);
-        final Class<?> helper1 = racy_loader.loadClass("Helper1");
-        final Class<?> helper3 = racy_loader.loadClass("Helper3");
-
-        for (int i = 0; i != threads.length; ++i) {
-            final int my_index = i;
-            Thread t = new Thread() {
-                public void run() {
-                    try {
-                        Class<?> helper = (my_index < threads.length / 2) ? helper1 : helper3;
-                        Method get = helper.getDeclaredMethod("get");
-                        results[my_index] = get.invoke(null);
-                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-                        results[my_index] = ite.getCause();
-                    } catch (Throwable t) {
-                        results[my_index] = t;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            t.start();
-            threads[i] = t;
-        }
-        for (Thread t : threads) {
-            t.join();
-        }
-        dumpResultStats(results);
-        System.out.println("testRacyLoader2 done");
-    }
-
-    private static void dumpResultStats(Object[] results) throws Exception {
-        int throwables = 0;
-        int class_weaks = 0;
-        int unique_class_weaks = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i != results.length; ++i) {
-            Object r = results[i];
-            if (r instanceof Throwable) {
-                ++throwables;
-                System.out.println(((Throwable) r).getMessage());
-            } else if (isClassPair(r)) {
-                printPair(r);
-                Object ref = getSecond(r);
-                ++class_weaks;
-                ++unique_class_weaks;
-                for (int j = 0; j != i; ++j) {
-                    Object rj = results[j];
-                    if (isClassPair(results[j]) && getSecond(results[j]) == ref) {
-                        --unique_class_weaks;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        System.out.println("total: " + results.length);
-        System.out.println("  throwables: " + throwables);
-        System.out.println("  class_weaks: " + class_weaks
-            + " (" + unique_class_weaks + " unique)");
-    }
-
-    private static void testRacyMisbehavingLoader() throws Exception {
-        final ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-
-        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[4];
-        final Object[] results = new Object[threads.length];
-
-        final RacyMisbehavingLoader racy_loader =
-            new RacyMisbehavingLoader(system_loader, threads.length, false);
-        final Class<?> helper1 = racy_loader.loadClass("RacyMisbehavingHelper");
-
-        for (int i = 0; i != threads.length; ++i) {
-            final int my_index = i;
-            Thread t = new Thread() {
-                public void run() {
-                    try {
-                        Method get = helper1.getDeclaredMethod("get");
-                        results[my_index] = get.invoke(null);
-                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-                        results[my_index] = ite.getCause();
-                    } catch (Throwable t) {
-                        results[my_index] = t;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            t.start();
-            threads[i] = t;
-        }
-        for (Thread t : threads) {
-            t.join();
-        }
-        dumpResultStats(results);
-        System.out.println("testRacyMisbehavingLoader done");
-    }
-
-    private static void testRacyMisbehavingLoader2() throws Exception {
-        final ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-
-        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[4];
-        final Object[] results = new Object[threads.length];
-
-        final RacyMisbehavingLoader racy_loader =
-            new RacyMisbehavingLoader(system_loader, threads.length, true);
-        final Class<?> helper1 = racy_loader.loadClass("RacyMisbehavingHelper");
-
-        for (int i = 0; i != threads.length; ++i) {
-            final int my_index = i;
-            Thread t = new Thread() {
-                public void run() {
-                    try {
-                        Method get = helper1.getDeclaredMethod("get");
-                        results[my_index] = get.invoke(null);
-                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
-                        results[my_index] = ite.getCause();
-                    } catch (Throwable t) {
-                        results[my_index] = t;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            t.start();
-            threads[i] = t;
-        }
-        for (Thread t : threads) {
-            t.join();
-        }
-        dumpResultStats(results);
-        System.out.println("testRacyMisbehavingLoader2 done");
-    }
-
-    private static DelegatingLoader createDelegatingLoader() {
-        ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-        DefiningLoader defining_loader = new DefiningLoader(system_loader);
-        return new DelegatingLoader(system_loader, defining_loader);
-    }
-
-    private static void changeInner(DelegatingLoader delegating_loader) {
-        ClassLoader system_loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-        DefiningLoader defining_loader = new DefiningLoader(system_loader);
-        delegating_loader.resetDefiningLoader(defining_loader);
-    }
-
-    private static WeakReference<Class<?>> wrapHelperGet(Class<?> helper) throws Exception {
-        Method get = helper.getDeclaredMethod("get");
-        Object pair = get.invoke(null);
-        printPair(pair);
-        return new WeakReference<Class<?>>(getSecond(pair));
-    }
-
-    private static void printPair(Object pair) throws Exception {
-        Method print = pair.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("print");
-        print.invoke(pair);
-    }
-
-    private static Class<?> getSecond(Object pair) throws Exception {
-        Field second = pair.getClass().getDeclaredField("second");
-        return (Class<?>) second.get(pair);
-    }
-
-    private static boolean isClassPair(Object r) {
-        return r != null && r.getClass().getName().equals("ClassPair");
-    }
-
-    public static native void clearResolvedTypes(Class<?> c);
-
-    static boolean usingRI = false;
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/MisbehavingLoader.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/MisbehavingLoader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index ca9783e..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/MisbehavingLoader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// Class loader that returns Helper2.class when asked to load "Test".
-public class MisbehavingLoader extends DefiningLoader {
-    private DefiningLoader defining_loader;
-
-    public MisbehavingLoader(ClassLoader parent, DefiningLoader defining_loader) {
-        super(parent);
-        this.defining_loader = defining_loader;
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Helper1") || name.equals("Helper2")) {
-            return super.findClass(name);
-        } else if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            throw new Error("Unexpected MisbehavingLoader.findClass(\"Test\")");
-        }
-        return super.findClass(name);
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Helper1") || name.equals("Helper2")) {
-            return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
-        } else if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            // Ask for a different class.
-            return defining_loader.loadClass("Helper2", resolve);
-        }
-        return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyLoader.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyLoader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index abfc8ed..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyLoader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class RacyLoader extends DefiningLoader {
-    static {
-        // For JVM, register as parallel capable.
-        // Android treats all class loaders as parallel capable and makes this a no-op.
-        registerAsParallelCapable();
-    }
-
-    private Object lock = new Object();
-    private int index = 0;
-    private int count;
-
-    private DefiningLoader[] defining_loaders;
-
-    public RacyLoader(ClassLoader parent, int count) {
-        super(parent);
-        this.count = count;
-        defining_loaders = new DefiningLoader[2];
-        for (int i = 0; i != defining_loaders.length; ++i) {
-            defining_loaders[i] = new DefiningLoader(parent);
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test") || name.equals("Test3")) {
-            throw new Error("Unexpected RacyLoader.findClass(\"" + name + "\")");
-        }
-        return super.findClass(name);
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test") || name.equals("Test3")) {
-            int my_index = syncWithOtherInstances(count);
-            Class<?> result = defining_loaders[my_index & 1].loadClass(name, resolve);
-            syncWithOtherInstances(2 * count);
-            return result;
-        }
-        return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
-    }
-
-    private int syncWithOtherInstances(int limit) {
-        int my_index;
-        synchronized (lock) {
-            my_index = index;
-            ++index;
-            if (index != limit) {
-                try {
-                    lock.wait(2000);
-                    if (index < limit) {
-                        throw new Error("Timed out; my_index=" + my_index + ", index=" + index);
-                    }
-                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                    throw new Error(ie);
-                }
-            } else {
-                lock.notifyAll();
-            }
-        }
-        return my_index;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingHelper.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 4525278..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-
-public class RacyMisbehavingHelper {
-    public static ClassPair get() {
-        Class<?> helper1_class = Helper1.class;
-        Class<?> test_class = Test.class;
-        try {
-            // After loading the correct class, allow loading the incorrect class.
-            ClassLoader loader = helper1_class.getClassLoader();
-            Method reportAfterLoading = loader.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("reportAfterLoading");
-            reportAfterLoading.invoke(loader);
-        } catch (Throwable t) {
-            t.printStackTrace();
-        }
-        return new ClassPair(helper1_class, test_class);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingLoader.java b/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingLoader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d09888e..0000000
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src/RacyMisbehavingLoader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-public class RacyMisbehavingLoader extends DefiningLoader {
-    static {
-        // For JVM, register as parallel capable.
-        // Android treats all class loaders as parallel capable and makes this a no-op.
-        registerAsParallelCapable();
-    }
-
-    private Object lock = new Object();
-    private int index = 0;
-    private int count;
-    private boolean throw_error;
-
-    private DefiningLoader[] defining_loaders;
-
-    public RacyMisbehavingLoader(ClassLoader parent, int count, boolean throw_error) {
-        super(parent);
-        this.count = count;
-        this.throw_error = throw_error;
-        defining_loaders = new DefiningLoader[2];
-        for (int i = 0; i != defining_loaders.length; ++i) {
-            defining_loaders[i] = new DefiningLoader(parent);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void reportAfterLoading() {
-        synchronized (lock) {
-            ++index;
-            if (index == 2 * count) {
-                lock.notifyAll();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            throw new Error("Unexpected RacyLoader.findClass(\"" + name + "\")");
-        }
-        return super.findClass(name);
-    }
-
-    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
-        throws ClassNotFoundException
-    {
-        if (name.equals("Test")) {
-            int my_index = syncWithOtherInstances(count);
-            Class<?> result;
-            if ((my_index & 1) == 0) {
-              // Do not delay loading the correct class.
-              result = defining_loaders[my_index & 1].loadClass(name, resolve);
-            } else {
-              // Delay loading the wrong class.
-              syncWithOtherInstances(2 * count);
-              if (throw_error) {
-                throw new Error("RacyMisbehavingLoader throw_error=true");
-              }
-              result = defining_loaders[my_index & 1].loadClass("Test3", resolve);
-            }
-            return result;
-        }
-        return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
-    }
-
-    private int syncWithOtherInstances(int limit) {
-        int my_index;
-        synchronized (lock) {
-            my_index = index;
-            ++index;
-            if (index != limit) {
-                try {
-                    lock.wait(2000);
-                    if (index < limit) {
-                        throw new Error("Timed out; my_index=" + my_index + ", index=" + index);
-                    }
-                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                    throw new Error(ie);
-                }
-            } else {
-                lock.notifyAll();
-            }
-        }
-        return my_index;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/test/628-vdex/expected.txt b/test/628-vdex/expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0f61f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/628-vdex/expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+In foo
+In foo
diff --git a/test/628-vdex/info.txt b/test/628-vdex/info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/628-vdex/info.txt
diff --git a/test/628-vdex/run b/test/628-vdex/run
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b0a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/628-vdex/run
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+exec ${RUN} --vdex "${@}"
diff --git a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test.java b/test/628-vdex/src/Main.java
similarity index 61%
rename from test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test.java
rename to test/628-vdex/src/Main.java
index 1b0cc2a..7ceab2c 100644
--- a/test/626-const-class-linking/src-multidex/Test.java
+++ b/test/628-vdex/src/Main.java
@@ -14,5 +14,24 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-public class Test {
+public class Main {
+  Main() {
+    // Will be quickened with RETURN_VOID_NO_BARRIER.
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    Main m = new Main();
+    Object o = m;
+    // The call and field accesses will be quickened.
+    m.foo(m.a);
+
+    // The checkcast will be quickened.
+    m.foo(((Main)o).a);
+  }
+
+  int a;
+  void foo(int a) {
+    System.out.println("In foo");
+  }
 }
+
diff --git a/test/956-methodhandles/expected.txt b/test/956-methodhandles/expected.txt
index 0a5caa1..9b09327 100644
--- a/test/956-methodhandles/expected.txt
+++ b/test/956-methodhandles/expected.txt
@@ -7,3 +7,11 @@
 String constructors done.
 testReferenceReturnValueConversions done.
 testPrimitiveReturnValueConversions done.
+Hi
+Hi
+Hi
+Hi
+Expect Hi here: Hi
+Don't expect Hi now
+[3, 2, 1]
+[1, 2, 3]
diff --git a/test/956-methodhandles/src/Main.java b/test/956-methodhandles/src/Main.java
index 8713caa..ee9c436 100644
--- a/test/956-methodhandles/src/Main.java
+++ b/test/956-methodhandles/src/Main.java
@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
 import java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 public class Main {
 
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
     testConstructors();
     testStringConstructors();
     testReturnValueConversions();
+    testVariableArity();
   }
 
   public static void testfindSpecial_invokeSuperBehaviour() throws Throwable {
@@ -555,6 +557,34 @@
     }
   }
 
+  public static void assertTrue(boolean value) {
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new AssertionError("assertTrue value: " + value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void assertFalse(boolean value) {
+    if (value) {
+      throw new AssertionError("assertTrue value: " + value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void assertEquals(int i1, int i2) {
+    if (i1 == i2) { return; }
+    throw new AssertionError("assertEquals i1: " + i1 + ", i2: " + i2);
+  }
+
+  public static void assertEquals(long i1, long i2) {
+    if (i1 == i2) { return; }
+    throw new AssertionError("assertEquals l1: " + i1 + ", l2: " + i2);
+  }
+
+  public static void assertEquals(Object o, Object p) {
+    if (o == p) { return; }
+    if (o != null && p != null && o.equals(p)) { return; }
+    throw new AssertionError("assertEquals: o1: " + o + ", o2: " + p);
+  }
+
   public static void assertEquals(String s1, String s2) {
     if (s1 == s2) {
       return;
@@ -960,4 +990,480 @@
     testReferenceReturnValueConversions();
     testPrimitiveReturnValueConversions();
   }
+
+  public static class BaseVariableArityTester {
+    public String update(Float f0, Float... floats) {
+      return "base " + f0 + ", " + Arrays.toString(floats);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class VariableArityTester extends BaseVariableArityTester {
+    private String lastResult;
+
+    // Constructors
+    public VariableArityTester() {}
+    public VariableArityTester(boolean... booleans) { update(booleans); }
+    public VariableArityTester(byte... bytes) { update(bytes); }
+    public VariableArityTester(char... chars) { update(chars); }
+    public VariableArityTester(short... shorts) { update(shorts); }
+    public VariableArityTester(int... ints) { update(ints); }
+    public VariableArityTester(long... longs) { update(longs); }
+    public VariableArityTester(float... floats) { update(floats); }
+    public VariableArityTester(double... doubles) { update(doubles); }
+    public VariableArityTester(Float f0, Float... floats) { update(f0, floats); }
+    public VariableArityTester(String s0, String... strings) { update(s0, strings); }
+    public VariableArityTester(char c, Number... numbers) { update(c, numbers); }
+    @SafeVarargs
+    public VariableArityTester(ArrayList<Integer> l0, ArrayList<Integer>... lists) {
+      update(l0, lists);
+    }
+    public VariableArityTester(List l0, List... lists) { update(l0, lists); }
+
+    // Methods
+    public String update(boolean... booleans) { return lastResult = tally(booleans); }
+    public String update(byte... bytes) { return lastResult = tally(bytes); }
+    public String update(char... chars) { return lastResult = tally(chars); }
+    public String update(short... shorts) { return lastResult = tally(shorts); }
+    public String update(int... ints) {
+      lastResult = tally(ints);
+      return lastResult;
+    }
+    public String update(long... longs) { return lastResult = tally(longs); }
+    public String update(float... floats) { return lastResult = tally(floats); }
+    public String update(double... doubles) { return lastResult = tally(doubles); }
+    @Override
+    public String update(Float f0, Float... floats) { return lastResult = tally(f0, floats); }
+    public String update(String s0, String... strings) { return lastResult = tally(s0, strings); }
+    public String update(char c, Number... numbers) { return lastResult = tally(c, numbers); }
+    @SafeVarargs
+    public final String update(ArrayList<Integer> l0, ArrayList<Integer>... lists) {
+      lastResult = tally(l0, lists);
+      return lastResult;
+    }
+    public String update(List l0, List... lists) { return lastResult = tally(l0, lists); }
+
+    public String arrayMethod(Object[] o) {
+      return Arrays.deepToString(o);
+    }
+
+    public String lastResult() { return lastResult; }
+
+    // Static Methods
+    public static String tally(boolean... booleans) { return Arrays.toString(booleans); }
+    public static String tally(byte... bytes) { return Arrays.toString(bytes); }
+    public static String tally(char... chars) { return Arrays.toString(chars); }
+    public static String tally(short... shorts) { return Arrays.toString(shorts); }
+    public static String tally(int... ints) { return Arrays.toString(ints); }
+    public static String tally(long... longs) { return Arrays.toString(longs); }
+    public static String tally(float... floats) { return Arrays.toString(floats); }
+    public static String tally(double... doubles) { return Arrays.toString(doubles); }
+    public static String tally(Float f0, Float... floats) {
+      return f0 + ", " + Arrays.toString(floats);
+    }
+    public static String tally(String s0, String... strings) {
+      return s0 + ", " + Arrays.toString(strings);
+    }
+    public static String tally(char c, Number... numbers) {
+      return c + ", " + Arrays.toString(numbers);
+    }
+    @SafeVarargs
+    public static String tally(ArrayList<Integer> l0, ArrayList<Integer>... lists) {
+      return Arrays.toString(l0.toArray()) + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(lists);
+    }
+    public static String tally(List l0, List... lists) {
+      return Arrays.deepToString(l0.toArray()) + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(lists);
+    }
+    public static void foo(int... ints) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints)); }
+    public static long sumToPrimitive(int... ints) {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int i : ints) result += i;
+      return result;
+    }
+    public static Long sumToReference(int... ints) {
+      System.err.println("Hi");
+      return new Long(sumToPrimitive(ints));
+    }
+    public static MethodHandles.Lookup lookup() {
+      return MethodHandles.lookup();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This method only exists to fool Jack's handling of types. See b/32536744.
+  public static Object getAsObject(String[] strings) {
+    return (Object) strings;
+  }
+
+  public static void testVariableArity() throws Throwable {
+    MethodHandle mh;
+    VariableArityTester vat = new VariableArityTester();
+
+    assertEquals("[1]", vat.update(1));
+    assertEquals("[1, 1]", vat.update(1, 1));
+    assertEquals("[1, 1, 1]", vat.update(1, 1, 1));
+
+    // Methods - boolean
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, boolean[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertFalse(mh.asFixedArity().isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[true, false, true]", mh.invoke(vat, true, false, true));
+    assertEquals("[true, false, true]", mh.invoke(vat, new boolean[] { true, false, true}));
+    assertEquals("[false, true]", mh.invoke(vat, Boolean.valueOf(false), Boolean.valueOf(true)));
+    try {
+      mh.invoke(vat, true, true, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[false, true]", mh.invoke(vat, Boolean.valueOf(false), (Boolean) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {}
+
+    // Methods - byte
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, byte[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[32, 64, 97]", mh.invoke(vat, (byte) 32, Byte.valueOf((byte) 64), (byte) 97));
+    assertEquals("[32, 64, 97]", mh.invoke(vat, new byte[] {(byte) 32, (byte) 64, (byte) 97}));
+    try {
+      mh.invoke(vat, (byte) 1, Integer.valueOf(3), (byte) 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Methods - char
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, char[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[A, B, C]", mh.invoke(vat, 'A', Character.valueOf('B'), 'C'));
+    assertEquals("[W, X, Y, Z]", mh.invoke(vat, new char[] { 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' }));
+
+    // Methods - short
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, short[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[32767, -32768, 0]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, Short.MAX_VALUE, Short.MIN_VALUE, Short.valueOf((short) 0)));
+    assertEquals("[1, -1]", mh.invoke(vat, new short[] { (short) 1, (short) -1 }));
+
+    // Methods - int
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, int[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[0, 2147483647, -2147483648, 0]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, Integer.valueOf(0), Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0));
+    assertEquals("[0, -1, 1, 0]", mh.invoke(vat, new int[] { 0, -1, 1, 0 }));
+
+    assertEquals("[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]", (String) mh.invokeExact(vat, new int [] { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 }));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]", (String) mh.invokeExact(vat, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    assertEquals("[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]", (String) mh.invoke(vat, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1));
+
+    // Methods - long
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, long[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[0, 9223372036854775807, -9223372036854775808]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, Long.valueOf(0), Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE));
+    assertEquals("[0, -1, 1, 0]", mh.invoke(vat, new long[] { 0, -1, 1, 0 }));
+
+    // Methods - float
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, float[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[0.0, 1.25, -1.25]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, 0.0f, Float.valueOf(1.25f), Float.valueOf(-1.25f)));
+    assertEquals("[0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, new float[] { 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }));
+
+    // Methods - double
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, double[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke(vat));
+    assertEquals("[0.0, 1.25, -1.25]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, 0.0, Double.valueOf(1.25), Double.valueOf(-1.25)));
+    assertEquals("[0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, new double[] { 0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0 }));
+    mh.invoke(vat, 0.3f, 1.33, 1.33);
+
+    // Methods - String
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().
+        findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                    MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class, String[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("Echidna, []", mh.invoke(vat, "Echidna"));
+    assertEquals("Bongo, [Jerboa, Okapi]",
+                 mh.invoke(vat, "Bongo", "Jerboa", "Okapi"));
+
+    // Methods - Float
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().
+        findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                    MethodType.methodType(String.class, Float.class, Float[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                    new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                  Float.valueOf(0.1f),
+                                                  Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f), Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                    Float.valueOf(0.1f), Float.valueOf(1.1f)));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f), 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.1f));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("9.99, [77.0, 33.0, 64.0]",
+                   (String) mh.invoke(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f), 77, 33, 64));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invokeExact(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                         new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                       Float.valueOf(0.1f),
+                                                       Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, null, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invokeExact(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                         new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                       null,
+                                                       Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                   (String) mh.invokeExact(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f), 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.1f));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Methods - Number
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().
+        findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                    MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, Number[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertFalse(mh.asFixedArity().isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("x, []",  (String) mh.invoke(vat, 'x'));
+    assertEquals("x, [3.141]", (String) mh.invoke(vat, 'x', 3.141));
+    assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, 37]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(vat, 'x', null, 3.131, new Integer(37)));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, bad, 37]",
+                   (String) mh.invoke(vat, 'x', null, 3.131, "bad", new Integer(37)));
+      assertTrue(false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {}
+    try {
+      assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, bad, 37]",
+                   (String) mh.invoke(
+                       vat, 'x', (Process) null, 3.131, "bad", new Integer(37)));
+      assertTrue(false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {}
+
+    // Methods - an array method that is not variable arity.
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(
+        VariableArityTester.class, "arrayMethod",
+        MethodType.methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
+    assertFalse(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    mh.invoke(vat, new Object[] { "123" });
+    try {
+      assertEquals("-", mh.invoke(vat, new Float(3), new Float(4)));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    mh = mh.asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[3.0, 4.0]", (String) mh.invoke(vat, new Float(3), new Float(4)));
+
+    // Constructors - default
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findConstructor(
+        VariableArityTester.class, MethodType.methodType(void.class));
+    assertFalse(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+
+    // Constructors - boolean
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findConstructor(
+        VariableArityTester.class, MethodType.methodType(void.class, boolean[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[true, true, false]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(new boolean[] {true, true, false})).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("[true, true, false]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(true, true, false)).lastResult());
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[true, true, false]",
+                   ((VariableArityTester) mh.invokeExact(true, true, false)).lastResult());
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Constructors - byte
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findConstructor(
+        VariableArityTester.class, MethodType.methodType(void.class, byte[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[55, 66, 60]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester)
+                  mh.invoke(new byte[] {(byte) 55, (byte) 66, (byte) 60})).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("[55, 66, 60]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(
+                     (byte) 55, (byte) 66, (byte) 60)).lastResult());
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[55, 66, 60]",
+                   ((VariableArityTester) mh.invokeExact(
+                       (byte) 55, (byte) 66, (byte) 60)).lastResult());
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[3, 3]",
+                   ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(
+                       new Number[] { Byte.valueOf((byte) 3), (byte) 3})).lastResult());
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Constructors - String (have a different path than other reference types).
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findConstructor(
+        VariableArityTester.class, MethodType.methodType(void.class, String.class, String[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("x, []", ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke("x")).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("x, [y]", ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke("x", "y")).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("x, [y, z]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke("x", new String[] { "y", "z" })).lastResult());
+    try {
+      assertEquals("x, [y]", ((VariableArityTester) mh.invokeExact("x", "y")).lastResult());
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    assertEquals("x, [null, z]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke("x", new String[] { null, "z" })).lastResult());
+
+    // Constructors - Number
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findConstructor(
+        VariableArityTester.class, MethodType.methodType(void.class, char.class, Number[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertFalse(mh.asFixedArity().isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("x, []", ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke('x')).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("x, [3.141]", ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke('x', 3.141)).lastResult());
+    assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, 37]",
+                 ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke('x', null, 3.131, new Integer(37))).lastResult());
+    try {
+      assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, bad, 37]",
+                   ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(
+                       'x', null, 3.131, "bad", new Integer(37))).lastResult());
+      assertTrue(false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {}
+    try {
+      assertEquals("x, [null, 3.131, bad, 37]",
+                   ((VariableArityTester) mh.invoke(
+                       'x', (Process) null, 3.131, "bad", new Integer(37))).lastResult());
+      assertTrue(false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {}
+
+    // Static Methods - Float
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().
+        findStatic(VariableArityTester.class, "tally",
+                   MethodType.methodType(String.class, Float.class, Float[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                    new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                  Float.valueOf(0.1f),
+                                                  Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(Float.valueOf(9.99f), Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                    Float.valueOf(0.1f), Float.valueOf(1.1f)));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invoke(Float.valueOf(9.99f), 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.1f));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("9.99, [77.0, 33.0, 64.0]",
+                   (String) mh.invoke(Float.valueOf(9.99f), 77, 33, 64));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invokeExact(Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                         new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                       Float.valueOf(0.1f),
+                                                       Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, null, 1.1]",
+                 (String) mh.invokeExact(Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                                         new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                                       null,
+                                                       Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+                   (String) mh.invokeExact(Float.valueOf(9.99f), 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.1f));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Special methods - Float
+    mh = VariableArityTester.lookup().
+            findSpecial(BaseVariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                        MethodType.methodType(String.class, Float.class, Float[].class),
+                        VariableArityTester.class);
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("base 9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+    (String) mh.invoke(vat,
+                       Float.valueOf(9.99f),
+                       new Float[] { Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                                     Float.valueOf(0.1f),
+                                     Float.valueOf(1.1f) }));
+    assertEquals("base 9.99, [0.0, 0.1, 1.1]",
+    (String) mh.invoke(vat, Float.valueOf(9.99f), Float.valueOf(0.0f),
+                       Float.valueOf(0.1f), Float.valueOf(1.1f)));
+
+    // Return value conversions.
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, int[].class));
+    assertEquals("[1, 2, 3]", (String) mh.invoke(vat, 1, 2, 3));
+    assertEquals("[1, 2, 3]", (Object) mh.invoke(vat, 1, 2, 3));
+    try {
+      assertEquals("[1, 2, 3, 4]", (long) mh.invoke(vat, 1, 2, 3));
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+    assertEquals("[1, 2, 3]", vat.lastResult());
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(VariableArityTester.class, "sumToPrimitive",
+                                           MethodType.methodType(long.class, int[].class));
+    assertEquals(10l, (long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(10l), (Long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(VariableArityTester.class, "sumToReference",
+                                           MethodType.methodType(Long.class, int[].class));
+    Object o = mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4);
+    long l = (long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4);
+    assertEquals(10l, (long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(10l), (Long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    try {
+      // WrongMethodTypeException should be raised before invoke here.
+      System.err.print("Expect Hi here: ");
+      assertEquals(Long.valueOf(10l), (Byte) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4));
+      fail();
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {}
+    try {
+      // WrongMethodTypeException should be raised before invoke here.
+      System.err.println("Don't expect Hi now");
+      byte b = (byte) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3, 4);
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+
+    // Return void produces 0 / null.
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(VariableArityTester.class, "foo",
+                                           MethodType.methodType(void.class, int[].class));
+    assertEquals(null, (Object) mh.invoke(3, 2, 1));
+    assertEquals(0l, (long) mh.invoke(1, 2, 3));
+
+    // Combinators
+    mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(VariableArityTester.class, "update",
+                                            MethodType.methodType(String.class, boolean[].class));
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    mh = mh.bindTo(vat);
+    assertFalse(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    mh = mh.asVarargsCollector(boolean[].class);
+    assertTrue(mh.isVarargsCollector());
+    assertEquals("[]", mh.invoke());
+    assertEquals("[true, false, true]", mh.invoke(true, false, true));
+    assertEquals("[true, false, true]", mh.invoke(new boolean[] { true, false, true}));
+    assertEquals("[false, true]", mh.invoke(Boolean.valueOf(false), Boolean.valueOf(true)));
+    try {
+      mh.invoke(true, true, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (WrongMethodTypeException e) {}
+  }
 }
diff --git a/test/Android.bp b/test/Android.bp
index 39a4059..fe20f29 100644
--- a/test/Android.bp
+++ b/test/Android.bp
@@ -314,7 +314,6 @@
         "595-profile-saving/profile-saving.cc",
         "596-app-images/app_images.cc",
         "597-deopt-new-string/deopt.cc",
-        "626-const-class-linking/clear_dex_cache_types.cc",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbacktrace",
diff --git a/test/etc/default-build b/test/etc/default-build
index 408dcfd..e663496 100755
--- a/test/etc/default-build
+++ b/test/etc/default-build
@@ -273,10 +273,8 @@
 fi
 
 # Create a single jar with two dex files for multidex.
-if [ ${NEED_DEX} = "true" ]; then
-  if [ ${HAS_SRC_MULTIDEX} = "true" ] || [ ${HAS_SMALI_MULTIDEX} = "true" ]; then
-    zip $TEST_NAME.jar classes.dex classes2.dex
-  else
-    zip $TEST_NAME.jar classes.dex
-  fi
+if [ ${HAS_SRC_MULTIDEX} = "true" ] || [ ${HAS_SMALI_MULTIDEX} = "true" ]; then
+  zip $TEST_NAME.jar classes.dex classes2.dex
+elif [ ${NEED_DEX} = "true" ]; then
+  zip $TEST_NAME.jar classes.dex
 fi
diff --git a/test/etc/run-test-jar b/test/etc/run-test-jar
index a71593c..bb3a3ad 100755
--- a/test/etc/run-test-jar
+++ b/test/etc/run-test-jar
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 ARGS=""
 EXTERNAL_LOG_TAGS="n" # if y respect externally set ANDROID_LOG_TAGS.
 DRY_RUN="n" # if y prepare to run the test but don't run it.
+TEST_VDEX="n"
 
 while true; do
     if [ "x$1" = "x--quiet" ]; then
@@ -243,6 +244,9 @@
     elif [ "x$1" = "x--dry-run" ]; then
         DRY_RUN="y"
         shift
+    elif [ "x$1" = "x--vdex" ]; then
+        TEST_VDEX="y"
+        shift
     elif expr "x$1" : "x--" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         echo "unknown $0 option: $1" 1>&2
         exit 1
@@ -312,8 +316,7 @@
 if [ "$USE_JVM" = "y" ]; then
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/lib64
   # Xmx is necessary since we don't pass down the ART flags to JVM.
-  # We pass the classes2 path whether it's used (src-multidex) or not.
-  cmdline="${JAVA} ${DEBUGGER_OPTS} ${JVM_VERIFY_ARG} -Xmx256m -classpath classes:classes2 ${FLAGS} $MAIN $@ ${ARGS}"
+  cmdline="${JAVA} ${DEBUGGER_OPTS} ${JVM_VERIFY_ARG} -Xmx256m -classpath classes ${FLAGS} $MAIN $@ ${ARGS}"
   if [ "$DEV_MODE" = "y" ]; then
     echo $cmdline
   fi
@@ -445,6 +448,7 @@
 fi
 
 dex2oat_cmdline="true"
+vdex_cmdline="true"
 mkdir_locations="${DEX_LOCATION}/dalvik-cache/$ISA"
 strip_cmdline="true"
 
@@ -474,6 +478,9 @@
     # Use -k 1m to SIGKILL it a minute later if it hasn't ended.
     dex2oat_cmdline="timeout -k 1m -s SIGRTMIN+2 1m ${dex2oat_cmdline}"
   fi
+  if [ "$TEST_VDEX" = "y" ]; then
+    vdex_cmdline="${dex2oat_cmdline} --input-vdex=$DEX_LOCATION/oat/$ISA/$TEST_NAME.vdex"
+  fi
 fi
 
 if [ "$STRIP_DEX" = "y" ]; then
@@ -514,6 +521,7 @@
 # Remove whitespace.
 dex2oat_cmdline=$(echo $dex2oat_cmdline)
 dalvikvm_cmdline=$(echo $dalvikvm_cmdline)
+vdex_cmdline=$(echo $vdex_cmdline)
 
 if [ "$HOST" = "n" ]; then
     adb root > /dev/null
@@ -554,6 +562,7 @@
              export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH && \
              export PATH=$ANDROID_ROOT/bin:$PATH && \
              $dex2oat_cmdline && \
+             $vdex_cmdline && \
              $strip_cmdline && \
              $dalvikvm_cmdline"
 
@@ -627,7 +636,7 @@
     fi
 
     if [ "$DEV_MODE" = "y" ]; then
-      echo "mkdir -p ${mkdir_locations} && $dex2oat_cmdline && $strip_cmdline && $cmdline"
+      echo "mkdir -p ${mkdir_locations} && $dex2oat_cmdline && $vdex_cmdline && $strip_cmdline && $cmdline"
     fi
 
     cd $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
@@ -635,6 +644,7 @@
     rm -rf ${DEX_LOCATION}/dalvik-cache/
     mkdir -p ${mkdir_locations} || exit 1
     $dex2oat_cmdline || { echo "Dex2oat failed." >&2 ; exit 2; }
+    $vdex_cmdline || { echo "Dex2oat failed." >&2 ; exit 2; }
     $strip_cmdline || { echo "Strip failed." >&2 ; exit 3; }
 
     # For running, we must turn off logging when dex2oat or patchoat are missing. Otherwise we use
diff --git a/test/run-test b/test/run-test
index 37eefb3..ea9622a 100755
--- a/test/run-test
+++ b/test/run-test
@@ -351,6 +351,9 @@
     elif [ "x$1" = "x--bisection-search" ]; then
         bisection_search="yes"
         shift
+    elif [ "x$1" = "x--vdex" ]; then
+        run_args="${run_args} --vdex"
+        shift
     elif expr "x$1" : "x--" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         echo "unknown $0 option: $1" 1>&2
         usage="yes"
@@ -640,6 +643,7 @@
         echo "    --pic-test            Compile the test code position independent."
         echo "    --quiet               Don't print anything except failure messages"
         echo "    --bisection-search    Perform bisection bug search."
+        echo "    --vdex                Test using vdex as in input to dex2oat. Only works with --prebuild."
     ) 1>&2  # Direct to stderr so usage is not printed if --quiet is set.
     exit 1
 fi