runtime/arch/x86/quick_entrypoints_x86.S

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "asm_support_x86.S"

#include "arch/quick_alloc_entrypoints.S"

// For x86, the CFA is esp+4, the address above the pushed return address on the stack.

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveAllCalleeSaves)
     */
MACRO2(SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME, got_reg, temp_reg)
    PUSH edi  // Save callee saves (ebx is saved/restored by the upcall)
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp  // Grow stack by 3 words.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE RAW_VAR(got_reg)
    // Load Runtime::instance_ from GOT.
    movl SYMBOL(_ZN3art7Runtime9instance_E)@GOT(REG_VAR(got_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    movl (REG_VAR(temp_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    // Push save all callee-save method.
    pushl RUNTIME_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_METHOD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(temp_reg))
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    // Store esp as the top quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET
    // Ugly compile-time check, but we only have the preprocessor.
    // Last +4: implicit return address pushed on stack when caller made call.
#if (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES != 3*4 + 16 + 4)
#error "FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES(X86) size not as expected."
#endif
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveRefsOnly)
     */
MACRO2(SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME, got_reg, temp_reg)
    PUSH edi  // Save callee saves (ebx is saved/restored by the upcall)
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp  // Grow stack by 3 words.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE RAW_VAR(got_reg)
    // Load Runtime::instance_ from GOT.
    movl SYMBOL(_ZN3art7Runtime9instance_E)@GOT(REG_VAR(got_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    movl (REG_VAR(temp_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    // Push save all callee-save method.
    pushl RUNTIME_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_METHOD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(temp_reg))
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    // Store esp as the top quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET

    // Ugly compile-time check, but we only have the preprocessor.
    // Last +4: implicit return address pushed on stack when caller made call.
#if (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY != 3*4 + 16 + 4)
#error "FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(X86) size not as expected."
#endif
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveRefsOnly)
     * and preserves the value of got_reg at entry.
     */
MACRO2(SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME_PRESERVE_GOT_REG, got_reg, temp_reg)
    PUSH edi  // Save callee saves (ebx is saved/restored by the upcall)
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    PUSH RAW_VAR(got_reg)  // Save got_reg
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(8), %esp  // Grow stack by 2 words.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)

    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE RAW_VAR(got_reg)
    // Load Runtime::instance_ from GOT.
    movl SYMBOL(_ZN3art7Runtime9instance_E)@GOT(REG_VAR(got_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    movl (REG_VAR(temp_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    // Push save all callee-save method.
    pushl RUNTIME_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_METHOD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(temp_reg))
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    // Store esp as the top quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET
    // Restore got_reg.
    movl 12(%esp), REG_VAR(got_reg)
    CFI_RESTORE(RAW_VAR(got_reg))

    // Ugly compile-time check, but we only have the preprocessor.
    // Last +4: implicit return address pushed on stack when caller made call.
#if (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY != 3*4 + 16 + 4)
#error "FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(X86) size not as expected."
#endif
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp  // Unwind stack up to saved values
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    POP ebp  // Restore callee saves (ebx is saved/restored by the upcall)
    POP esi
    POP edi
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveRefsAndArgs)
     */
MACRO2(SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME, got_reg, temp_reg)
    PUSH edi  // Save callee saves
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    PUSH ebx  // Save args
    PUSH edx
    PUSH ecx
    // Create space for FPR args.
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(4 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4 * 8)
    // Save FPRs.
    movsd %xmm0, 0(%esp)
    movsd %xmm1, 8(%esp)
    movsd %xmm2, 16(%esp)
    movsd %xmm3, 24(%esp)

    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE RAW_VAR(got_reg)
    // Load Runtime::instance_ from GOT.
    movl SYMBOL(_ZN3art7Runtime9instance_E)@GOT(REG_VAR(got_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    movl (REG_VAR(temp_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    // Push save all callee-save method.
    pushl RUNTIME_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_METHOD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(temp_reg))
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    // Store esp as the stop quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET

    // Ugly compile-time check, but we only have the preprocessor.
    // Last +4: implicit return address pushed on stack when caller made call.
#if (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS != 7*4 + 4*8 + 4)
#error "FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS(X86) size not as expected."
#endif
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveRefsAndArgs) where the method is passed in EAX.
     */
MACRO0(SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME_WITH_METHOD_IN_EAX)
    // Save callee and GPR args, mixed together to agree with core spills bitmap.
    PUSH edi  // Save callee saves
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    PUSH ebx  // Save args
    PUSH edx
    PUSH ecx

    // Create space for FPR args.
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(32), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(32)

    // Save FPRs.
    movsd %xmm0, 0(%esp)
    movsd %xmm1, 8(%esp)
    movsd %xmm2, 16(%esp)
    movsd %xmm3, 24(%esp)

    PUSH eax  // Store the ArtMethod reference at the bottom of the stack.
    // Store esp as the stop quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME)
    // Restore FPRs. EAX is still on the stack.
    movsd 4(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 12(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 20(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 28(%esp), %xmm3

    addl MACRO_LITERAL(36), %esp  // Remove FPRs and EAX.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-36)

    POP ecx                       // Restore args except eax
    POP edx
    POP ebx
    POP ebp                       // Restore callee saves
    POP esi
    POP edi
END_MACRO

// Restore register and jump to routine
// Inputs:  EDI contains pointer to code.
// Notes: Need to pop EAX too (restores Method*)
MACRO0(RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME_AND_JUMP)
    POP eax  // Restore Method*

    // Restore FPRs.
    movsd 0(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 8(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 16(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 24(%esp), %xmm3

    addl MACRO_LITERAL(32), %esp  // Remove FPRs.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)

    POP ecx  // Restore args except eax
    POP edx
    POP ebx
    POP ebp  // Restore callee saves
    POP esi
    xchgl 0(%esp),%edi // restore EDI and place code pointer as only value on stack
    ret
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that sets up the callee save frame to conform with
     * Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(kSaveEverything)
     */
MACRO2(SETUP_SAVE_EVERYTHING_FRAME, got_reg, temp_reg)
    // Save core registers.
    PUSH edi
    PUSH esi
    PUSH ebp
    PUSH ebx
    PUSH edx
    PUSH ecx
    PUSH eax
    // Create space for FPR registers and stack alignment padding.
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12 + 8 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12 + 8 * 8)
    // Save FPRs.
    movsd %xmm0, 12(%esp)
    movsd %xmm1, 20(%esp)
    movsd %xmm2, 28(%esp)
    movsd %xmm3, 36(%esp)
    movsd %xmm4, 44(%esp)
    movsd %xmm5, 52(%esp)
    movsd %xmm6, 60(%esp)
    movsd %xmm7, 68(%esp)

    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE RAW_VAR(got_reg)
    // Load Runtime::instance_ from GOT.
    movl SYMBOL(_ZN3art7Runtime9instance_E)@GOT(REG_VAR(got_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    movl (REG_VAR(temp_reg)), REG_VAR(temp_reg)
    // Push save everything callee-save method.
    pushl RUNTIME_SAVE_EVERYTHING_METHOD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(temp_reg))
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    // Store esp as the stop quick frame.
    movl %esp, %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET

    // Ugly compile-time check, but we only have the preprocessor.
    // Last +4: implicit return address pushed on stack when caller made call.
#if (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_EVERYTHING != 7*4 + 8*8 + 12 + 4 + 4)
#error "FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_EVERYTHING(X86) size not as expected."
#endif
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RESTORE_SAVE_EVERYTHING_FRAME)
    // Restore FPRs. Method and padding is still on the stack.
    movsd 16(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 24(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 32(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 40(%esp), %xmm3
    movsd 48(%esp), %xmm4
    movsd 56(%esp), %xmm5
    movsd 64(%esp), %xmm6
    movsd 72(%esp), %xmm7

    // Remove save everything callee save method, stack alignment padding and FPRs.
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16 + 8 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-(16 + 8 * 8))

    // Restore core registers.
    POP eax
    POP ecx
    POP edx
    POP ebx
    POP ebp
    POP esi
    POP edi
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro that set calls through to artDeliverPendingExceptionFromCode, where the pending
     * exception is Thread::Current()->exception_.
     */
MACRO0(DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION)
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save callee saves for throw
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp               // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET               // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call SYMBOL(artDeliverPendingExceptionFromCode)  // artDeliverPendingExceptionFromCode(Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
END_MACRO

MACRO2(NO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION, c_name, cxx_name)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save all registers as basis for long jump context
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp               // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET               // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                     // cxx_name(Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO2(ONE_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION, c_name, cxx_name)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save all registers as basis for long jump context
    mov %esp, %ecx
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(8), %esp                // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET               // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                                   // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                     // cxx_name(arg1, Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO2(TWO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION, c_name, cxx_name)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save all registers as basis for long jump context
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                                   // alignment padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET               // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                                   // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                   // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                     // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver a NullPointerException.
     */
NO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_null_pointer_exception, artThrowNullPointerExceptionFromCode

    /*
     * Call installed by a signal handler to create and deliver a NullPointerException.
     */
ONE_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_null_pointer_exception_from_signal, artThrowNullPointerExceptionFromSignal

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver an ArithmeticException.
     */
NO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_div_zero, artThrowDivZeroFromCode

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver a StackOverflowError.
     */
NO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_stack_overflow, artThrowStackOverflowFromCode

    /*
     * Called by managed code, saves callee saves and then calls artThrowException
     * that will place a mock Method* at the bottom of the stack. Arg1 holds the exception.
     */
ONE_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_deliver_exception, artDeliverExceptionFromCode

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver a NoSuchMethodError.
     */
ONE_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_no_such_method, artThrowNoSuchMethodFromCode

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. Arg1 holds
     * index, arg2 holds limit.
     */
TWO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_array_bounds, artThrowArrayBoundsFromCode

    /*
     * Called by managed code to create and deliver a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
     * as if thrown from a call to String.charAt(). Arg1 holds index, arg2 holds limit.
     */
TWO_ARG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION art_quick_throw_string_bounds, artThrowStringBoundsFromCode

    /*
     * All generated callsites for interface invokes and invocation slow paths will load arguments
     * as usual - except instead of loading arg0/r0 with the target Method*, arg0/r0 will contain
     * the method_idx.  This wrapper will save arg1-arg3 and call the appropriate C helper.
     * NOTE: "this" is first visible argument of the target, and so can be found in arg1/r1.
     *
     * The helper will attempt to locate the target and return a 64-bit result in r0/r1 consisting
     * of the target Method* in r0 and method->code_ in r1.
     *
     * If unsuccessful, the helper will return null/null will bea pending exception in the
     * thread and we branch to another stub to deliver it.
     *
     * On success this wrapper will restore arguments and *jump* to the target, leaving the lr
     * pointing back to the original caller.
     */
MACRO1(INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE_BODY, cxx_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME ebx, ebx
    movl %esp, %edx  // remember SP

    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH edx                      // pass SP
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                      // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)        // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, Thread*, SP)
    movl %edx, %edi               // save code pointer in EDI
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(20), %esp  // Pop arguments skip eax
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-20)

    // Restore FPRs.
    movsd 0(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 8(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 16(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 24(%esp), %xmm3

    // Remove space for FPR args.
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4 * 8)

    POP ecx  // Restore args except eax
    POP edx
    POP ebx
    POP ebp  // Restore callee saves
    POP esi
    // Swap EDI callee save with code pointer.
    xchgl %edi, (%esp)
    testl %eax, %eax              // Branch forward if exception pending.
    jz    1f
    // Tail call to intended method.
    ret
1:
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), %esp   // Pop code pointer off stack
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_MACRO
MACRO2(INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE, c_name, cxx_name)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE_BODY RAW_VAR(cxx_name)
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE art_quick_invoke_interface_trampoline_with_access_check, artInvokeInterfaceTrampolineWithAccessCheck

INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE art_quick_invoke_static_trampoline_with_access_check, artInvokeStaticTrampolineWithAccessCheck
INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE art_quick_invoke_direct_trampoline_with_access_check, artInvokeDirectTrampolineWithAccessCheck
INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE art_quick_invoke_super_trampoline_with_access_check, artInvokeSuperTrampolineWithAccessCheck
INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE art_quick_invoke_virtual_trampoline_with_access_check, artInvokeVirtualTrampolineWithAccessCheck

    /*
     * Helper for quick invocation stub to set up XMM registers.
     * Increments shorty and arg_array and clobbers temp_char.
     * Branches to finished if it encounters the end of the shorty.
     */
MACRO5(LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS, xmm_reg, shorty, arg_array, temp_char, finished)
1: // LOOP
    movb (REG_VAR(shorty)), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // temp_char := *shorty
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(1), REG_VAR(shorty)         // shorty++
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(0), REG_VAR(temp_char)      // if (temp_char == '\0')
    je VAR(finished)                               //   goto finished
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(68), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // if (temp_char == 'D')
    je 2f                                          //   goto FOUND_DOUBLE
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(70), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // if (temp_char == 'F')
    je 3f                                          //   goto FOUND_FLOAT
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array++
    //  Handle extra space in arg array taken by a long.
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(74), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // if (temp_char != 'J')
    jne 1b                                         //   goto LOOP
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array++
    jmp 1b                                         // goto LOOP
2:  // FOUND_DOUBLE
    movsd (REG_VAR(arg_array)), REG_VAR(xmm_reg)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(8), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array+=2
    jmp 4f
3:  // FOUND_FLOAT
    movss (REG_VAR(arg_array)), REG_VAR(xmm_reg)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array++
4:
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Helper for quick invocation stub to set up GPR registers.
     * Increments shorty and arg_array, and returns the current short character in
     * temp_char. Branches to finished if it encounters the end of the shorty.
     */
MACRO4(SKIP_OVER_FLOATS, shorty, arg_array, temp_char, finished)
1: // LOOP:
    movb (REG_VAR(shorty)), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // temp_char := *shorty
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(1), REG_VAR(shorty)         // shorty++
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(0), REG_VAR(temp_char)      // if (temp_char == '\0')
    je VAR(finished)                               //   goto finished
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(70), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // if (temp_char == 'F')
    je 3f                                          //   goto SKIP_FLOAT
    cmpb MACRO_LITERAL(68), REG_VAR(temp_char)     // if (temp_char == 'D')
    je 4f                                          //   goto SKIP_DOUBLE
    jmp 5f                                         // goto end
3:  // SKIP_FLOAT
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array++
    jmp 1b                                         // goto LOOP
4:  // SKIP_DOUBLE
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(8), REG_VAR(arg_array)      // arg_array+=2
    jmp 1b                                         // goto LOOP
5:
END_MACRO

  /*
     * Quick invocation stub (non-static).
     * On entry:
     *   [sp] = return address
     *   [sp + 4] = method pointer
     *   [sp + 8] = argument array or null for no argument methods
     *   [sp + 12] = size of argument array in bytes
     *   [sp + 16] = (managed) thread pointer
     *   [sp + 20] = JValue* result
     *   [sp + 24] = shorty
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_invoke_stub
    // Save the non-volatiles.
    PUSH ebp                      // save ebp
    PUSH ebx                      // save ebx
    PUSH esi                      // save esi
    PUSH edi                      // save edi
    // Set up argument XMM registers.
    mov 24+16(%esp), %esi         // ESI := shorty + 1  ; ie skip return arg character.
    addl LITERAL(1), %esi
    mov 8+16(%esp), %edi          // EDI := arg_array + 4 ; ie skip this pointer.
    addl LITERAL(4), %edi
    // Clobbers ESI, EDI, EAX.
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm0, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm1, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm2, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm3, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished
    .balign 16
.Lxmm_setup_finished:
    mov %esp, %ebp                // copy value of stack pointer into base pointer
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(ebp)
    mov 28(%ebp), %ebx            // get arg array size
    // reserve space for return addr, method*, ebx, ebp, esi, and edi in frame
    addl LITERAL(36), %ebx
    // align frame size to 16 bytes
    andl LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF0), %ebx
    subl LITERAL(20), %ebx        // remove space for return address, ebx, ebp, esi and edi
    subl %ebx, %esp               // reserve stack space for argument array

    movl LITERAL(0), (%esp)       // store null for method*

    // Copy arg array into stack.
    movl 28(%ebp), %ecx           // ECX = size of args
    movl 24(%ebp), %esi           // ESI = argument array
    leal 4(%esp), %edi            // EDI = just after Method* in stack arguments
    rep movsb                     // while (ecx--) { *edi++ = *esi++ }

    mov 40(%ebp), %esi            // ESI := shorty + 1  ; ie skip return arg character.
    addl LITERAL(1), %esi
    mov 24(%ebp), %edi            // EDI := arg_array
    mov 0(%edi), %ecx             // ECX := this pointer
    addl LITERAL(4), %edi         // EDI := arg_array + 4 ; ie skip this pointer.

    // Enumerate the possible cases for loading GPRS.
    // edx (and maybe ebx):
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished
    cmpb LITERAL(74), %al         // if (al == 'J') goto FOUND_LONG
    je .LfirstLong
    // Must be an integer value.
    movl (%edi), %edx
    addl LITERAL(4), %edi         // arg_array++

    // Now check ebx
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished
    // Must be first word of a long, or an integer. First word of long doesn't
    // go into EBX, but can be loaded there anyways, as it is harmless.
    movl (%edi), %ebx
    jmp .Lgpr_setup_finished
.LfirstLong:
    movl (%edi), %edx
    movl 4(%edi), %ebx
    // Nothing left to load.
.Lgpr_setup_finished:
    mov 20(%ebp), %eax            // move method pointer into eax
    call *ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_32(%eax) // call the method
    mov %ebp, %esp                // restore stack pointer
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(esp)
    POP edi                       // pop edi
    POP esi                       // pop esi
    POP ebx                       // pop ebx
    POP ebp                       // pop ebp
    mov 20(%esp), %ecx            // get result pointer
    mov %eax, (%ecx)              // store the result assuming its a long, int or Object*
    mov %edx, 4(%ecx)             // store the other half of the result
    mov 24(%esp), %edx            // get the shorty
    cmpb LITERAL(68), (%edx)      // test if result type char == 'D'
    je .Lreturn_double_quick
    cmpb LITERAL(70), (%edx)      // test if result type char == 'F'
    je .Lreturn_float_quick
    ret
.Lreturn_double_quick:
    movsd %xmm0, (%ecx)           // store the floating point result
    ret
.Lreturn_float_quick:
    movss %xmm0, (%ecx)           // store the floating point result
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_invoke_stub

  /*
     * Quick invocation stub (static).
     * On entry:
     *   [sp] = return address
     *   [sp + 4] = method pointer
     *   [sp + 8] = argument array or null for no argument methods
     *   [sp + 12] = size of argument array in bytes
     *   [sp + 16] = (managed) thread pointer
     *   [sp + 20] = JValue* result
     *   [sp + 24] = shorty
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_invoke_static_stub
    // Save the non-volatiles.
    PUSH ebp                      // save ebp
    PUSH ebx                      // save ebx
    PUSH esi                      // save esi
    PUSH edi                      // save edi
    // Set up argument XMM registers.
    mov 24+16(%esp), %esi         // ESI := shorty + 1  ; ie skip return arg character.
    addl LITERAL(1), %esi
    mov 8+16(%esp), %edi          // EDI := arg_array
    // Clobbers ESI, EDI, EAX.
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm0, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished2
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm1, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished2
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm2, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished2
    LOOP_OVER_SHORTY_LOADING_XMMS xmm3, esi, edi, al, .Lxmm_setup_finished2
    .balign 16
.Lxmm_setup_finished2:
    mov %esp, %ebp                // copy value of stack pointer into base pointer
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(ebp)
    mov 28(%ebp), %ebx            // get arg array size
    // reserve space for return addr, method*, ebx, ebp, esi, and edi in frame
    addl LITERAL(36), %ebx
    // align frame size to 16 bytes
    andl LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF0), %ebx
    subl LITERAL(20), %ebx        // remove space for return address, ebx, ebp, esi and edi
    subl %ebx, %esp               // reserve stack space for argument array

    movl LITERAL(0), (%esp)       // store null for method*

    // Copy arg array into stack.
    movl 28(%ebp), %ecx           // ECX = size of args
    movl 24(%ebp), %esi           // ESI = argument array
    leal 4(%esp), %edi            // EDI = just after Method* in stack arguments
    rep movsb                     // while (ecx--) { *edi++ = *esi++ }

    mov 40(%ebp), %esi            // ESI := shorty + 1  ; ie skip return arg character.
    addl LITERAL(1), %esi
    mov 24(%ebp), %edi            // EDI := arg_array

    // Enumerate the possible cases for loading GPRS.
    // ecx (and maybe edx)
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished2
    cmpb LITERAL(74), %al         // if (al == 'J') goto FOUND_LONG
    je .LfirstLong2
    // Must be an integer value.  Load into ECX.
    movl (%edi), %ecx
    addl LITERAL(4), %edi         // arg_array++

    // Now check edx (and maybe ebx).
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished2
    cmpb LITERAL(74), %al         // if (al == 'J') goto FOUND_LONG
    je .LSecondLong2
    // Must be an integer.  Load into EDX.
    movl (%edi), %edx
    addl LITERAL(4), %edi         // arg_array++

    // Is there anything for ebx?
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished2
    // Must be first word of a long, or an integer. First word of long doesn't
    // go into EBX, but can be loaded there anyways, as it is harmless.
    movl (%edi), %ebx
    jmp .Lgpr_setup_finished2
.LSecondLong2:
    // EDX:EBX is long.  That is all.
    movl (%edi), %edx
    movl 4(%edi), %ebx
    jmp .Lgpr_setup_finished2
.LfirstLong2:
    // ECX:EDX is a long
    movl (%edi), %ecx
    movl 4(%edi), %edx
    addl LITERAL(8), %edi         // arg_array += 2

    // Anything for EBX?
    SKIP_OVER_FLOATS esi, edi, al, .Lgpr_setup_finished2
    // Must be first word of a long, or an integer. First word of long doesn't
    // go into EBX, but can be loaded there anyways, as it is harmless.
    movl (%edi), %ebx
    jmp .Lgpr_setup_finished2
    // Nothing left to load.
.Lgpr_setup_finished2:
    mov 20(%ebp), %eax            // move method pointer into eax
    call *ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_32(%eax) // call the method
    mov %ebp, %esp                // restore stack pointer
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(esp)
    POP edi                       // pop edi
    POP esi                       // pop esi
    POP ebx                       // pop ebx
    POP ebp                       // pop ebp
    mov 20(%esp), %ecx            // get result pointer
    mov %eax, (%ecx)              // store the result assuming its a long, int or Object*
    mov %edx, 4(%ecx)             // store the other half of the result
    mov 24(%esp), %edx            // get the shorty
    cmpb LITERAL(68), (%edx)      // test if result type char == 'D'
    je .Lreturn_double_quick2
    cmpb LITERAL(70), (%edx)      // test if result type char == 'F'
    je .Lreturn_float_quick2
    ret
.Lreturn_double_quick2:
    movsd %xmm0, (%ecx)           // store the floating point result
    ret
.Lreturn_float_quick2:
    movss %xmm0, (%ecx)           // store the floating point result
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_invoke_static_stub

MACRO3(ONE_ARG_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx         // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(8), %esp                  // push padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                 // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                                     // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                       // cxx_name(arg1, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                 // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                 // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                     // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(TWO_ARG_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx         // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                                     // push padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                 // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                                     // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                     // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                       // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                 // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                 // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                     // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(THREE_ARG_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx         // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                 // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH edx                                     // pass arg3
    PUSH ecx                                     // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                     // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                       // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, arg3, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                 // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                 // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                     // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(FOUR_ARG_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME_PRESERVE_GOT_REG ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC

    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp                 // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                 // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ebx                                     // pass arg4
    PUSH edx                                     // pass arg3
    PUSH ecx                                     // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                     // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                       // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(32), %esp                 // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                 // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                     // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx               // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    mov FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(%esp), %ecx         // get referrer
    PUSH eax                                          // push padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                      // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                                          // pass referrer
    PUSH eax                                          // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                            // cxx_name(arg1, referrer, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                      // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                      // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                          // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx               // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    mov FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(%esp), %edx         // get referrer
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                      // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH edx                                          // pass referrer
    PUSH ecx                                          // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                          // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                            // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, referrer, Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                      // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                      // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                          // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO3(THREE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL, c_name, cxx_name, return_macro)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx               // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    mov FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(%esp), %ebx         // get referrer
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp                      // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                      // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ebx                                          // pass referrer
    PUSH edx                                          // pass arg3
    PUSH ecx                                          // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                                          // pass arg1
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                            // cxx_name(arg1, arg2, arg3, referrer,
                                                      //          Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(32), %esp                            // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                      // restore frame up to return address
    CALL_MACRO(return_macro)                          // return or deliver exception
    END_FUNCTION VAR(c_name)
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER)
    testl %eax, %eax               // eax == 0 ?
    jz  1f                         // if eax == 0 goto 1
    ret                            // return
1:                                 // deliver exception on current thread
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO)
    testl %eax, %eax               // eax == 0 ?
    jnz  1f                        // if eax != 0 goto 1
    ret                            // return
1:                                 // deliver exception on current thread
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_MACRO

MACRO0(RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION)
    cmpl MACRO_LITERAL(0),%fs:THREAD_EXCEPTION_OFFSET // exception field == 0 ?
    jne 1f                                            // if exception field != 0 goto 1
    ret                                               // return
1:                                                    // deliver exception on current thread
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_MACRO

// Generate the allocation entrypoints for each allocator.
GENERATE_ALLOC_ENTRYPOINTS_FOR_EACH_ALLOCATOR

// A hand-written override for GENERATE_ALLOC_ENTRYPOINTS_ALLOC_OBJECT(_rosalloc, RosAlloc).
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc
    // Fast path rosalloc allocation.
    // eax: uint32_t type_idx/return value, ecx: ArtMethod*
    // ebx, edx: free
    PUSH edi
    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_32(%ecx), %edx  // Load dex cache resolved types array
                                                        // Load the class (edx)
    movl 0(%edx, %eax, COMPRESSED_REFERENCE_SIZE), %edx
    testl %edx, %edx                                    // Check null class
    jz   .Lart_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc_slow_path

    movl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET, %ebx                   // ebx = thread
                                                        // Check if the thread local allocation
                                                        // stack has room
    movl THREAD_LOCAL_ALLOC_STACK_TOP_OFFSET(%ebx), %edi
    cmpl THREAD_LOCAL_ALLOC_STACK_END_OFFSET(%ebx), %edi
    jae  .Lart_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc_slow_path

    movl MIRROR_CLASS_OBJECT_SIZE_ALLOC_FAST_PATH_OFFSET(%edx), %edi  // Load the object size (edi)
                                                        // Check if the size is for a thread
                                                        // local allocation. Also does the
                                                        // finalizable and initialization check.
    cmpl LITERAL(ROSALLOC_MAX_THREAD_LOCAL_BRACKET_SIZE), %edi
    ja   .Lart_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc_slow_path
    shrl LITERAL(ROSALLOC_BRACKET_QUANTUM_SIZE_SHIFT), %edi // Calculate the rosalloc bracket index
                                                            // from object size.
                                                        // Load thread local rosalloc run (ebx)
                                                        // Subtract __SIZEOF_POINTER__ to subtract
                                                        // one from edi as there is no 0 byte run
                                                        // and the size is already aligned.
    movl (THREAD_ROSALLOC_RUNS_OFFSET - __SIZEOF_POINTER__)(%ebx, %edi, __SIZEOF_POINTER__), %ebx
                                                        // Load free_list head (edi),
                                                        // this will be the return value.
    movl (ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_OFFSET + ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_HEAD_OFFSET)(%ebx), %edi
    test %edi, %edi
    jz   .Lart_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc_slow_path
                                                        // Point of no slow path. Won't go to
                                                        // the slow path from here on. Ok to
                                                        // clobber eax and ecx.
    movl %edi, %eax
                                                        // Load the next pointer of the head
                                                        // and update head of free list with
                                                        // next pointer
    movl ROSALLOC_SLOT_NEXT_OFFSET(%eax), %edi
    movl %edi, (ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_OFFSET + ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_HEAD_OFFSET)(%ebx)
                                                        // Decrement size of free list by 1
    decl (ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_OFFSET + ROSALLOC_RUN_FREE_LIST_SIZE_OFFSET)(%ebx)
                                                        // Store the class pointer in the
                                                        // header. This also overwrites the
                                                        // next pointer. The offsets are
                                                        // asserted to match.
#if ROSALLOC_SLOT_NEXT_OFFSET != MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET
#error "Class pointer needs to overwrite next pointer."
#endif
    POISON_HEAP_REF edx
    movl %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%eax)
    movl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET, %ebx                   // ebx = thread
                                                        // Push the new object onto the thread
                                                        // local allocation stack and
                                                        // increment the thread local
                                                        // allocation stack top.
    movl THREAD_LOCAL_ALLOC_STACK_TOP_OFFSET(%ebx), %edi
    movl %eax, (%edi)
    addl LITERAL(COMPRESSED_REFERENCE_SIZE), %edi
    movl %edi, THREAD_LOCAL_ALLOC_STACK_TOP_OFFSET(%ebx)
                                                        // No fence needed for x86.
    POP edi
    ret
.Lart_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc_slow_path:
    POP edi
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx          // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                      // alignment padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx
    PUSH eax
    call SYMBOL(artAllocObjectFromCodeRosAlloc)  // cxx_name(arg0, arg1, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                       // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                 // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER      // return or deliver exception
END_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_rosalloc

// The common fast path code for art_quick_alloc_object_tlab and art_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab.
//
// EAX: type_idx/return_value, ECX: ArtMethod*, EDX: the class.
MACRO1(ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_FAST_PATH, slowPathLabel)
    testl %edx, %edx                                    // Check null class
    jz   VAR(slowPathLabel)
    movl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET, %ebx                   // ebx = thread
    movl THREAD_LOCAL_END_OFFSET(%ebx), %edi            // Load thread_local_end.
    subl THREAD_LOCAL_POS_OFFSET(%ebx), %edi            // Compute the remaining buffer size.
    movl MIRROR_CLASS_OBJECT_SIZE_ALLOC_FAST_PATH_OFFSET(%edx), %esi  // Load the object size.
    cmpl %edi, %esi                                     // Check if it fits.
    ja   VAR(slowPathLabel)
    movl THREAD_LOCAL_POS_OFFSET(%ebx), %eax            // Load thread_local_pos
                                                        // as allocated object.
    addl %eax, %esi                                     // Add the object size.
    movl %esi, THREAD_LOCAL_POS_OFFSET(%ebx)            // Update thread_local_pos.
    incl THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS_OFFSET(%ebx)              // Increase thread_local_objects.
                                                        // Store the class pointer in the header.
                                                        // No fence needed for x86.
    POISON_HEAP_REF edx
    movl %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%eax)
    POP edi
    POP esi
    ret                                                 // Fast path succeeded.
END_MACRO

// The common slow path code for art_quick_alloc_object_tlab and art_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab.
MACRO1(ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_SLOW_PATH, cxx_name)
    POP edi
    POP esi
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx                 // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                                            // alignment padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                        // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx
    PUSH eax
    call CALLVAR(cxx_name)                              // cxx_name(arg0, arg1, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME                        // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER             // return or deliver exception
END_MACRO

// A hand-written override for GENERATE_ALLOC_ENTRYPOINTS_ALLOC_OBJECT(_tlab, TLAB).
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_tlab
    // Fast path tlab allocation.
    // EAX: uint32_t type_idx/return value, ECX: ArtMethod*.
    // EBX, EDX: free.
#if defined(USE_READ_BARRIER)
    int3
    int3
#endif
    PUSH esi
    PUSH edi
    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_32(%ecx), %edx   // Load dex cache resolved types array
    // Might need to break down into multiple instructions to get the base address in a register.
                                                            // Load the class
    movl 0(%edx, %eax, COMPRESSED_REFERENCE_SIZE), %edx
    ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_FAST_PATH .Lart_quick_alloc_object_tlab_slow_path
.Lart_quick_alloc_object_tlab_slow_path:
    ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_SLOW_PATH artAllocObjectFromCodeTLAB
END_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_tlab

// A hand-written override for GENERATE_ALLOC_ENTRYPOINTS_ALLOC_OBJECT(_region_tlab, RegionTLAB).
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab
    // Fast path region tlab allocation.
    // EAX: uint32_t type_idx/return value, ECX: ArtMethod*.
    // EBX, EDX: free.
#if !defined(USE_READ_BARRIER)
    int3
    int3
#endif
    PUSH esi
    PUSH edi
    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_TYPES_OFFSET_32(%ecx), %edx   // Load dex cache resolved types array
    // Might need to break down into multiple instructions to get the base address in a register.
                                                            // Load the class
    movl 0(%edx, %eax, COMPRESSED_REFERENCE_SIZE), %edx
                                                            // Read barrier for class load.
    cmpl LITERAL(0), %fs:THREAD_IS_GC_MARKING_OFFSET
    jz .Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path_exit
    // Null check so that we can load the lock word.
    testl %edx, %edx
    jz .Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path_exit
    // Check the mark bit, if it is 1 return.
    testl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_MARK_BIT_MASK_SHIFTED), MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%edx)
    jz .Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path
.Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path_exit:
    ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_FAST_PATH .Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_slow_path
.Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path:
    // The read barrier slow path. Mark the class.
    PUSH eax
    PUSH ecx
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(8), %esp                             // Alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    PUSH edx                                                // Pass the class as the first param.
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierMark)                         // cxx_name(mirror::Object* obj)
    movl %eax, %edx
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    POP ecx
    POP eax
    jmp .Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_class_load_read_barrier_slow_path_exit
.Lart_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab_slow_path:
    ALLOC_OBJECT_TLAB_SLOW_PATH artAllocObjectFromCodeRegionTLAB
END_FUNCTION art_quick_alloc_object_region_tlab

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_resolve_string
    movl 4(%esp), %ecx                                           // get referrer
    movl ART_METHOD_DECLARING_CLASS_OFFSET(%ecx), %ecx           // get declaring class
    movl DECLARING_CLASS_DEX_CACHE_STRINGS_OFFSET(%ecx), %ecx    // get string dex cache
    movl LITERAL(STRING_DEX_CACHE_SIZE_MINUS_ONE), %edx
    andl %eax, %edx
    movlps (%ecx, %edx, STRING_DEX_CACHE_ELEMENT_SIZE), %xmm0    // load string idx and ptr to xmm0
    movd %xmm0, %ecx                                             // extract pointer
    pshufd LITERAL(0x55), %xmm0, %xmm0                           // shuffle index into lowest bits
    movd %xmm0, %edx                                             // extract index
    cmp %edx, %eax
    jne .Lart_quick_resolve_string_slow_path
    movl %ecx, %eax
#ifdef USE_READ_BARRIER
    cmpl LITERAL(0), %fs:THREAD_IS_GC_MARKING_OFFSET
    jne .Lart_quick_resolve_string_marking
#endif
    ret
.Lart_quick_resolve_string_slow_path:
    // Outgoing argument set up
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                                        // push padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                                 // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                                                     // pass arg1
    call SYMBOL(artResolveStringFromCode)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                                       // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME
    RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER
.Lart_quick_resolve_string_marking:
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx
    testl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_MARK_BIT_MASK_SHIFTED), MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%eax)
    jnz .Lart_quick_resolve_string_no_rb
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp                                   // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    PUSH eax                                                 // Pass the string as the first param.
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierMark)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
.Lart_quick_resolve_string_no_rb:
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_resolve_string

ONE_ARG_DOWNCALL art_quick_initialize_static_storage, artInitializeStaticStorageFromCode, RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER
ONE_ARG_DOWNCALL art_quick_initialize_type, artInitializeTypeFromCode, RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER
ONE_ARG_DOWNCALL art_quick_initialize_type_and_verify_access, artInitializeTypeAndVerifyAccessFromCode, RETURN_IF_RESULT_IS_NON_ZERO_OR_DELIVER

TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_handle_fill_data, artHandleFillArrayDataFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lock_object
    testl %eax, %eax                      // null check object/eax
    jz   .Lslow_lock
.Lretry_lock:
    movl MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%eax), %ecx  // ecx := lock word
    test LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_STATE_MASK), %ecx         // test the 2 high bits.
    jne  .Lslow_lock                      // slow path if either of the two high bits are set.
    movl %ecx, %edx                       // save lock word (edx) to keep read barrier bits.
    andl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_GC_STATE_MASK_SHIFTED_TOGGLED), %ecx  // zero the gc bits.
    test %ecx, %ecx
    jnz  .Lalready_thin                   // lock word contains a thin lock
    // unlocked case - edx: original lock word, eax: obj.
    movl %eax, %ecx                       // remember object in case of retry
    movl %edx, %eax                       // eax: lock word zero except for read barrier bits.
    movl %fs:THREAD_ID_OFFSET, %edx       // load thread id.
    or   %eax, %edx                       // edx: thread id with count of 0 + read barrier bits.
    lock cmpxchg  %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%ecx)  // eax: old val, edx: new val.
    jnz  .Llock_cmpxchg_fail              // cmpxchg failed retry
    ret
.Lalready_thin:  // edx: lock word (with high 2 bits zero and original rb bits), eax: obj.
    movl %fs:THREAD_ID_OFFSET, %ecx       // ecx := thread id
    cmpw %cx, %dx                         // do we hold the lock already?
    jne  .Lslow_lock
    movl %edx, %ecx                       // copy the lock word to check count overflow.
    andl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_GC_STATE_MASK_SHIFTED_TOGGLED), %ecx  // zero the read barrier bits.
    addl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_THIN_LOCK_COUNT_ONE), %ecx  // increment recursion count for overflow check.
    test LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_GC_STATE_MASK_SHIFTED), %ecx  // overflowed if the first gc state bit is set.
    jne  .Lslow_lock                      // count overflowed so go slow
    movl %eax, %ecx                       // save obj to use eax for cmpxchg.
    movl %edx, %eax                       // copy the lock word as the old val for cmpxchg.
    addl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_THIN_LOCK_COUNT_ONE), %edx  // increment recursion count again for real.
    // update lockword, cmpxchg necessary for read barrier bits.
    lock cmpxchg  %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%ecx)  // eax: old val, edx: new val.
    jnz  .Llock_cmpxchg_fail              // cmpxchg failed retry
    ret
.Llock_cmpxchg_fail:
    movl  %ecx, %eax                      // restore eax
    jmp  .Lretry_lock
.Lslow_lock:
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                 // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET          // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                              // pass object
    call SYMBOL(artLockObjectFromCode)    // artLockObjectFromCode(object, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME          // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lock_object

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lock_object_no_inline
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                 // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET          // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                              // pass object
    call SYMBOL(artLockObjectFromCode)    // artLockObjectFromCode(object, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME          // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lock_object_no_inline


DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_unlock_object
    testl %eax, %eax                      // null check object/eax
    jz   .Lslow_unlock
.Lretry_unlock:
    movl MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%eax), %ecx  // ecx := lock word
    movl %fs:THREAD_ID_OFFSET, %edx       // edx := thread id
    test LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_STATE_MASK), %ecx
    jnz  .Lslow_unlock                    // lock word contains a monitor
    cmpw %cx, %dx                         // does the thread id match?
    jne  .Lslow_unlock
    movl %ecx, %edx                       // copy the lock word to detect new count of 0.
    andl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_GC_STATE_MASK_SHIFTED_TOGGLED), %edx  // zero the gc bits.
    cmpl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_THIN_LOCK_COUNT_ONE), %edx
    jae  .Lrecursive_thin_unlock
    // update lockword, cmpxchg necessary for read barrier bits.
    movl %eax, %edx                       // edx: obj
    movl %ecx, %eax                       // eax: old lock word.
    andl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_GC_STATE_MASK_SHIFTED), %ecx  // ecx: new lock word zero except original rb bits.
#ifndef USE_READ_BARRIER
    movl %ecx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%edx)
#else
    lock cmpxchg  %ecx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%edx)  // eax: old val, ecx: new val.
    jnz  .Lunlock_cmpxchg_fail            // cmpxchg failed retry
#endif
    ret
.Lrecursive_thin_unlock:  // ecx: original lock word, eax: obj
    // update lockword, cmpxchg necessary for read barrier bits.
    movl %eax, %edx                       // edx: obj
    movl %ecx, %eax                       // eax: old lock word.
    subl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_THIN_LOCK_COUNT_ONE), %ecx  // ecx: new lock word with decremented count.
#ifndef USE_READ_BARRIER
    mov  %ecx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%edx)
#else
    lock cmpxchg  %ecx, MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(%edx)  // eax: old val, ecx: new val.
    jnz  .Lunlock_cmpxchg_fail            // cmpxchg failed retry
#endif
    ret
.Lunlock_cmpxchg_fail:  // edx: obj
    movl %edx, %eax                       // restore eax
    jmp  .Lretry_unlock
.Lslow_unlock:
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                 // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET          // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                              // pass object
    call SYMBOL(artUnlockObjectFromCode)  // artUnlockObjectFromCode(object, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME          // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
END_FUNCTION art_quick_unlock_object

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_unlock_object_no_inline
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                 // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET          // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                              // pass object
    call SYMBOL(artUnlockObjectFromCode)  // artUnlockObjectFromCode(object, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME          // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
END_FUNCTION art_quick_unlock_object_no_inline

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_is_assignable
    PUSH eax                              // alignment padding
    PUSH ecx                              // pass arg2 - obj->klass
    PUSH eax                              // pass arg1 - checked class
    call SYMBOL(artIsAssignableFromCode)  // (Class* klass, Class* ref_klass)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_is_assignable

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_check_cast
    PUSH eax                              // alignment padding
    PUSH ecx                              // pass arg2 - obj->klass
    PUSH eax                              // pass arg1 - checked class
    call SYMBOL(artIsAssignableFromCode)  // (Class* klass, Class* ref_klass)
    testl %eax, %eax
    jz 1f                                 // jump forward if not assignable
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp                // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret

    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)             // Reset unwind info so following code unwinds.
1:
    POP eax                               // pop arguments
    POP ecx
    addl LITERAL(4), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save all registers as basis for long jump context
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                              // alignment padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET          // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                              // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                              // pass arg1
    call SYMBOL(artThrowClassCastException) // (Class* a, Class* b, Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
END_FUNCTION art_quick_check_cast

// Restore reg's value if reg is not the same as exclude_reg, otherwise just adjust stack.
MACRO2(POP_REG_NE, reg, exclude_reg)
    .ifc RAW_VAR(reg), RAW_VAR(exclude_reg)
      addl MACRO_LITERAL(4), %esp
      CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
    .else
      POP RAW_VAR(reg)
    .endif
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Macro to insert read barrier, only used in art_quick_aput_obj.
     * obj_reg and dest_reg are registers, offset is a defined literal such as
     * MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET.
     * pop_eax is a boolean flag, indicating if eax is popped after the call.
     * TODO: When read barrier has a fast path, add heap unpoisoning support for the fast path.
     */
MACRO4(READ_BARRIER, obj_reg, offset, dest_reg, pop_eax)
#ifdef USE_READ_BARRIER
    PUSH eax                        // save registers used in art_quick_aput_obj
    PUSH ebx
    PUSH edx
    PUSH ecx
    // Outgoing argument set up
    pushl MACRO_LITERAL((RAW_VAR(offset)))  // pass offset, double parentheses are necessary
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH RAW_VAR(obj_reg)           // pass obj_reg
    PUSH eax                        // pass ref, just pass eax for now since parameter ref is unused
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierSlow) // artReadBarrierSlow(ref, obj_reg, offset)
    // No need to unpoison return value in eax, artReadBarrierSlow() would do the unpoisoning.
    .ifnc RAW_VAR(dest_reg), eax
      movl %eax, REG_VAR(dest_reg)  // save loaded ref in dest_reg
    .endif
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp    // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    POP_REG_NE ecx, RAW_VAR(dest_reg) // Restore args except dest_reg
    POP_REG_NE edx, RAW_VAR(dest_reg)
    POP_REG_NE ebx, RAW_VAR(dest_reg)
    .ifc RAW_VAR(pop_eax), true
      POP_REG_NE eax, RAW_VAR(dest_reg)
    .endif
#else
    movl RAW_VAR(offset)(REG_VAR(obj_reg)), REG_VAR(dest_reg)
    UNPOISON_HEAP_REF RAW_VAR(dest_reg)
#endif  // USE_READ_BARRIER
END_MACRO

    /*
     * Entry from managed code for array put operations of objects where the value being stored
     * needs to be checked for compatibility.
     * eax = array, ecx = index, edx = value
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check
    testl %eax, %eax
    jnz SYMBOL(art_quick_aput_obj_with_bound_check)
    jmp SYMBOL(art_quick_throw_null_pointer_exception)
END_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj_with_bound_check
    movl MIRROR_ARRAY_LENGTH_OFFSET(%eax), %ebx
    cmpl %ebx, %ecx
    jb SYMBOL(art_quick_aput_obj)
    mov %ecx, %eax
    mov %ebx, %ecx
    jmp SYMBOL(art_quick_throw_array_bounds)
END_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj_with_bound_check

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj
    test %edx, %edx              // store of null
    jz .Ldo_aput_null
    READ_BARRIER eax, MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET, ebx, true
    READ_BARRIER ebx, MIRROR_CLASS_COMPONENT_TYPE_OFFSET, ebx, true
    // value's type == array's component type - trivial assignability
#if defined(USE_READ_BARRIER)
    READ_BARRIER edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET, eax, false
    cmpl %eax, %ebx
    POP eax                      // restore eax from the push in the beginning of READ_BARRIER macro
    // This asymmetric push/pop saves a push of eax and maintains stack alignment.
#elif defined(USE_HEAP_POISONING)
    PUSH eax                     // save eax
    movl MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%edx), %eax
    UNPOISON_HEAP_REF eax
    cmpl %eax, %ebx
    POP eax                      // restore eax
#else
    cmpl MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%edx), %ebx
#endif
    jne .Lcheck_assignability
.Ldo_aput:
    POISON_HEAP_REF edx
    movl %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_ARRAY_DATA_OFFSET(%eax, %ecx, 4)
    movl %fs:THREAD_CARD_TABLE_OFFSET, %edx
    shrl LITERAL(7), %eax
    movb %dl, (%edx, %eax)
    ret
.Ldo_aput_null:
    movl %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_ARRAY_DATA_OFFSET(%eax, %ecx, 4)
    ret
.Lcheck_assignability:
    PUSH eax                      // save arguments
    PUSH ecx
    PUSH edx
#if defined(USE_READ_BARRIER)
    subl LITERAL(4), %esp         // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    READ_BARRIER edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET, eax, true
    subl LITERAL(4), %esp         // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg2 - type of the value to be stored
#elif defined(USE_HEAP_POISONING)
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp         // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    movl MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%edx), %eax
    UNPOISON_HEAP_REF eax
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg2 - type of the value to be stored
#else
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp         // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl MIRROR_OBJECT_CLASS_OFFSET(%edx)  // pass arg2 - type of the value to be stored
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
#endif
    PUSH ebx                      // pass arg1 - component type of the array
    call SYMBOL(artIsAssignableFromCode)  // (Class* a, Class* b)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    testl %eax, %eax
    jz   .Lthrow_array_store_exception
    POP  edx
    POP  ecx
    POP  eax
    POISON_HEAP_REF edx
    movl %edx, MIRROR_OBJECT_ARRAY_DATA_OFFSET(%eax, %ecx, 4)  // do the aput
    movl %fs:THREAD_CARD_TABLE_OFFSET, %edx
    shrl LITERAL(7), %eax
    movb %dl, (%edx, %eax)
    ret
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)     // 3 POP after the jz for unwinding.
.Lthrow_array_store_exception:
    POP  edx
    POP  ecx
    POP  eax
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx // save all registers as basis for long jump context
    // Outgoing argument set up
    PUSH eax                      // alignment padding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH edx                      // pass arg2 - value
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg1 - array
    call SYMBOL(artThrowArrayStoreException) // (array, value, Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
END_FUNCTION art_quick_aput_obj

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_memcpy
    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE ebx          // clobbers EBX
    PUSH edx                      // pass arg3
    PUSH ecx                      // pass arg2
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg1
    call PLT_SYMBOL(memcpy)       // (void*, const void*, size_t)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_memcpy

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_test_suspend
    SETUP_SAVE_EVERYTHING_FRAME ebx, ebx              // save everything for GC
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(12), %esp                      // push padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                      // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call SYMBOL(artTestSuspendFromCode)               // (Thread*)
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(16), %esp                      // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    RESTORE_SAVE_EVERYTHING_FRAME                     // restore frame up to return address
    ret                                               // return
END_FUNCTION art_quick_test_suspend

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_d2l
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // alignment padding, room for argument
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    movsd %xmm0, 0(%esp)          // arg a
    call SYMBOL(art_d2l)          // (jdouble a)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_d2l

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_f2l
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    movss %xmm0, 0(%esp)          // arg a
    call SYMBOL(art_f2l)          // (jfloat a)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_f2l

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_ldiv
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    PUSH ebx                      // pass arg4 b.hi
    PUSH edx                      // pass arg3 b.lo
    PUSH ecx                      // pass arg2 a.hi
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg1 a.lo
    call SYMBOL(artLdiv)          // (jlong a, jlong b)
    addl LITERAL(28), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-28)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_ldiv

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lmod
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    PUSH ebx                      // pass arg4 b.hi
    PUSH edx                      // pass arg3 b.lo
    PUSH ecx                      // pass arg2 a.hi
    PUSH eax                      // pass arg1 a.lo
    call SYMBOL(artLmod)          // (jlong a, jlong b)
    addl LITERAL(28), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-28)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lmod

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lmul
    imul %eax, %ebx               // ebx = a.lo(eax) * b.hi(ebx)
    imul %edx, %ecx               // ecx = b.lo(edx) * a.hi(ecx)
    mul  %edx                     // edx:eax = a.lo(eax) * b.lo(edx)
    add  %ebx, %ecx
    add  %ecx, %edx               // edx += (a.lo * b.hi) + (b.lo * a.hi)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lmul

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lshl
    // ecx:eax << edx
    xchg %edx, %ecx
    shld %cl,%eax,%edx
    shl  %cl,%eax
    test LITERAL(32), %cl
    jz  1f
    mov %eax, %edx
    xor %eax, %eax
1:
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lshl

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lshr
    // ecx:eax >> edx
    xchg %edx, %ecx
    shrd %cl,%edx,%eax
    sar  %cl,%edx
    test LITERAL(32),%cl
    jz  1f
    mov %edx, %eax
    sar LITERAL(31), %edx
1:
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lshr

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_lushr
    // ecx:eax >>> edx
    xchg %edx, %ecx
    shrd %cl,%edx,%eax
    shr  %cl,%edx
    test LITERAL(32),%cl
    jz  1f
    mov %edx, %eax
    xor %edx, %edx
1:
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_lushr

ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_boolean_static, artGetBooleanStaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_byte_static, artGetByteStaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_char_static, artGetCharStaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_short_static, artGetShortStaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get32_static, artGet32StaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get64_static, artGet64StaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
ONE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_obj_static, artGetObjStaticFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION

TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_boolean_instance, artGetBooleanInstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_byte_instance, artGetByteInstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_char_instance, artGetCharInstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_short_instance, artGetShortInstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get32_instance, artGet32InstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get64_instance, artGet64InstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_get_obj_instance, artGetObjInstanceFromCode, RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION

TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set8_static, artSet8StaticFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set16_static, artSet16StaticFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set32_static, artSet32StaticFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
TWO_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set_obj_static, artSetObjStaticFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO

THREE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set8_instance, artSet8InstanceFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
THREE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set16_instance, artSet16InstanceFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
THREE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set32_instance, artSet32InstanceFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO
THREE_ARG_REF_DOWNCALL art_quick_set_obj_instance, artSetObjInstanceFromCode, RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO

// Call artSet64InstanceFromCode with 4 word size arguments and the referrer.
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_set64_instance
    movd %ebx, %xmm0
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    movd %xmm0, %ebx
    // Outgoing argument set up
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp         // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    pushl (FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY+12)(%esp)  // pass referrer
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ebx                      // pass high half of new_val
    PUSH edx                      // pass low half of new_val
    PUSH ecx                      // pass object
    PUSH eax                      // pass field_idx
    call SYMBOL(artSet64InstanceFromCode)  // (field_idx, Object*, new_val, referrer, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(32), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO            // return or deliver exception
END_FUNCTION art_quick_set64_instance

// Call artSet64StaticFromCode with 3 word size arguments plus with the referrer in the 2nd position
// so that new_val is aligned on even registers were we passing arguments in registers.
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_set64_static
    // TODO: Implement SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE for got_reg = ecx to avoid moving around the registers.
    movd %ebx, %xmm0
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save ref containing registers for GC
    movd %xmm0, %ebx
    mov FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY(%esp), %ecx  // get referrer
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ebx                      // pass high half of new_val
    PUSH edx                      // pass low half of new_val
    PUSH ecx                      // pass referrer
    PUSH eax                      // pass field_idx
    call SYMBOL(artSet64StaticFromCode)  // (field_idx, referrer, new_val, Thread*)
    addl LITERAL(32), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME  // restore frame up to return address
    RETURN_IF_EAX_ZERO            // return or deliver exception
END_FUNCTION art_quick_set64_static

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_proxy_invoke_handler
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME_WITH_METHOD_IN_EAX
    PUSH esp                      // pass SP
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                      // pass receiver
    PUSH eax                      // pass proxy method
    call SYMBOL(artQuickProxyInvokeHandler) // (proxy method, receiver, Thread*, SP)
    movd %eax, %xmm0              // place return value also into floating point return value
    movd %edx, %xmm1
    punpckldq %xmm1, %xmm0
    addl LITERAL(16 + FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS - FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-(16 + FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS - FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY))
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME
    RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION    // return or deliver exception
END_FUNCTION art_quick_proxy_invoke_handler

    /*
     * Called to resolve an imt conflict.
     * eax is the conflict ArtMethod.
     * xmm7 is a hidden argument that holds the target interface method's dex method index.
     *
     * Note that this stub writes to eax.
     * Because of lack of free registers, it also saves and restores edi.
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_imt_conflict_trampoline
    PUSH EDI
    movl 8(%esp), %edi // Load referrer
    movl ART_METHOD_DEX_CACHE_METHODS_OFFSET_32(%edi), %edi   // Load dex cache methods array
    pushl ART_METHOD_JNI_OFFSET_32(%eax)  // Push ImtConflictTable.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    movd %xmm7, %eax              // get target method index stored in xmm7
    movl 0(%edi, %eax, __SIZEOF_POINTER__), %edi  // Load interface method
    popl %eax  // Pop ImtConflictTable.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
.Limt_table_iterate:
    cmpl %edi, 0(%eax)
    jne .Limt_table_next_entry
    // We successfully hit an entry in the table. Load the target method
    // and jump to it.
    POP EDI
    movl __SIZEOF_POINTER__(%eax), %eax
    jmp *ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_32(%eax)
.Limt_table_next_entry:
    // If the entry is null, the interface method is not in the ImtConflictTable.
    cmpl LITERAL(0), 0(%eax)
    jz .Lconflict_trampoline
    // Iterate over the entries of the ImtConflictTable.
    addl LITERAL(2 * __SIZEOF_POINTER__), %eax
    jmp .Limt_table_iterate
.Lconflict_trampoline:
    // Call the runtime stub to populate the ImtConflictTable and jump to the
    // resolved method.
    POP EDI
    INVOKE_TRAMPOLINE_BODY artInvokeInterfaceTrampoline
END_FUNCTION art_quick_imt_conflict_trampoline

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_resolution_trampoline
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME ebx, ebx
    movl %esp, %edi
    PUSH EDI                      // pass SP. do not just PUSH ESP; that messes up unwinding
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                      // pass receiver
    PUSH eax                      // pass method
    call SYMBOL(artQuickResolutionTrampoline) // (Method* called, receiver, Thread*, SP)
    movl %eax, %edi               // remember code pointer in EDI
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)
    test %eax, %eax               // if code pointer is null goto deliver pending exception
    jz 1f
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME_AND_JUMP
1:
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_FUNCTION art_quick_resolution_trampoline

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_generic_jni_trampoline
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME_WITH_METHOD_IN_EAX
    movl %esp, %ebp               // save SP at callee-save frame
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(ebp)
    subl LITERAL(5120), %esp
    // prepare for artQuickGenericJniTrampoline call
    // (Thread*,  SP)
    //  (esp)    4(esp)   <= C calling convention
    //  fs:...    ebp     <= where they are

    subl LITERAL(8), %esp         // Padding for 16B alignment.
    pushl %ebp                    // Pass SP (to ArtMethod).
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // Pass Thread::Current().
    call SYMBOL(artQuickGenericJniTrampoline)  // (Thread*, sp)

    // The C call will have registered the complete save-frame on success.
    // The result of the call is:
    // eax: pointer to native code, 0 on error.
    // edx: pointer to the bottom of the used area of the alloca, can restore stack till there.

    // Check for error = 0.
    test %eax, %eax
    jz .Lexception_in_native

    // Release part of the alloca.
    movl %edx, %esp

    // On x86 there are no registers passed, so nothing to pop here.
    // Native call.
    call *%eax

    // result sign extension is handled in C code
    // prepare for artQuickGenericJniEndTrampoline call
    // (Thread*, result, result_f)
    //  (esp)    4(esp)  12(esp)    <= C calling convention
    //  fs:...  eax:edx   fp0      <= where they are

    subl LITERAL(20), %esp        // Padding & pass float result.
    fstpl (%esp)
    pushl %edx                    // Pass int result.
    pushl %eax
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // Pass Thread::Current().
    call SYMBOL(artQuickGenericJniEndTrampoline)

    // Pending exceptions possible.
    mov %fs:THREAD_EXCEPTION_OFFSET, %ebx
    testl %ebx, %ebx
    jnz .Lexception_in_native

    // Tear down the alloca.
    movl %ebp, %esp
    CFI_DEF_CFA_REGISTER(esp)


    // Tear down the callee-save frame.
    // Remove space for FPR args and EAX
    addl LITERAL(4 + 4 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-(4 + 4 * 8))

    POP ecx
    addl LITERAL(4), %esp         // Avoid edx, as it may be part of the result.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
    POP ebx
    POP ebp  // Restore callee saves
    POP esi
    POP edi
    // Quick expects the return value to be in xmm0.
    movd %eax, %xmm0
    movd %edx, %xmm1
    punpckldq %xmm1, %xmm0
    ret
.Lexception_in_native:
    movl %fs:THREAD_TOP_QUICK_FRAME_OFFSET, %esp
    // Do a call to push a new save-all frame required by the runtime.
    call .Lexception_call
.Lexception_call:
    DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION
END_FUNCTION art_quick_generic_jni_trampoline

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME  ebx, ebx  // save frame
    mov %esp, %edx                // remember SP
    PUSH eax                      // alignment padding
    PUSH edx                      // pass SP
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // pass Thread::Current()
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH eax                      // pass  method
    call SYMBOL(artQuickToInterpreterBridge)  // (method, Thread*, SP)
    addl LITERAL(16), %esp        // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-16)

    // Return eax:edx in xmm0 also.
    movd %eax, %xmm0
    movd %edx, %xmm1
    punpckldq %xmm1, %xmm0

    addl LITERAL(48), %esp        // Remove FPRs and EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-48)

    POP ebp                       // Restore callee saves
    POP esi
    POP edi

    RETURN_OR_DELIVER_PENDING_EXCEPTION    // return or deliver exception
END_FUNCTION art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge

    /*
     * Routine that intercepts method calls and returns.
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_instrumentation_entry
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS_FRAME ebx, edx
    PUSH eax                      // Save eax which will be clobbered by the callee-save method.
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // Align stack.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl FRAME_SIZE_SAVE_REFS_AND_ARGS-4+16(%esp)  // Pass LR.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // Pass Thread::Current().
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH ecx                      // Pass receiver.
    PUSH eax                      // Pass Method*.
    call SYMBOL(artInstrumentationMethodEntryFromCode) // (Method*, Object*, Thread*, LR)
    addl LITERAL(28), %esp        // Pop arguments upto saved Method*.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-28)
    movl 60(%esp), %edi           // Restore edi.
    movl %eax, 60(%esp)           // Place code* over edi, just under return pc.
    movl SYMBOL(art_quick_instrumentation_exit)@GOT(%ebx), %ebx
    // Place instrumentation exit as return pc. ebx holds the GOT computed on entry.
    movl %ebx, 64(%esp)
    movl 0(%esp), %eax           // Restore eax.
    // Restore FPRs (extra 4 bytes of offset due to EAX push at top).
    movsd 8(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 16(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 24(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 32(%esp), %xmm3

    // Restore GPRs.
    movl 40(%esp), %ecx           // Restore ecx.
    movl 44(%esp), %edx           // Restore edx.
    movl 48(%esp), %ebx           // Restore ebx.
    movl 52(%esp), %ebp           // Restore ebp.
    movl 56(%esp), %esi           // Restore esi.
    addl LITERAL(60), %esp        // Wind stack back upto code*.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-60)
    ret                           // Call method (and pop).
END_FUNCTION art_quick_instrumentation_entry

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_instrumentation_exit
    pushl LITERAL(0)              // Push a fake return PC as there will be none on the stack.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    SETUP_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME ebx, ebx
    mov  %esp, %ecx               // Remember SP
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp         // Save float return value.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    movq %xmm0, (%esp)
    PUSH edx                      // Save gpr return value.
    PUSH eax
    subl LITERAL(16), %esp        // Align stack
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(16)
    movq %xmm0, (%esp)            // Pass float return value.
    PUSH edx                      // Pass gpr return value.
    PUSH eax
    PUSH ecx                      // Pass SP.
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // Pass Thread::Current.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call SYMBOL(artInstrumentationMethodExitFromCode)  // (Thread*, SP, gpr_result, fpr_result)
    mov   %eax, %ecx              // Move returned link register.
    addl LITERAL(32), %esp        // Pop arguments.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-32)
    movl %edx, %ebx               // Move returned link register for deopt
                                  // (ebx is pretending to be our LR).
    POP eax                       // Restore gpr return value.
    POP edx
    movq (%esp), %xmm0            // Restore fpr return value.
    addl LITERAL(8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-8)
    RESTORE_SAVE_REFS_ONLY_FRAME
    addl LITERAL(4), %esp         // Remove fake return pc.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-4)
    jmp   *%ecx                   // Return.
END_FUNCTION art_quick_instrumentation_exit

    /*
     * Instrumentation has requested that we deoptimize into the interpreter. The deoptimization
     * will long jump to the upcall with a special exception of -1.
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_deoptimize
    PUSH ebx                      // Entry point for a jump. Fake that we were called.
    SETUP_SAVE_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES_FRAME ebx, ebx
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp        // Align stack.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET  // Pass Thread::Current().
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call SYMBOL(artDeoptimize)    // artDeoptimize(Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
END_FUNCTION art_quick_deoptimize

    /*
     * Compiled code has requested that we deoptimize into the interpreter. The deoptimization
     * will long jump to the interpreter bridge.
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_deoptimize_from_compiled_code
    SETUP_SAVE_EVERYTHING_FRAME ebx, ebx
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp                      // Align stack.
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(12)
    pushl %fs:THREAD_SELF_OFFSET                // Pass Thread::Current().
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    call SYMBOL(artDeoptimizeFromCompiledCode)  // artDeoptimizeFromCompiledCode(Thread*)
    UNREACHABLE
END_FUNCTION art_quick_deoptimize_from_compiled_code

    /*
     * String's compareTo.
     *
     * On entry:
     *    eax:   this string object (known non-null)
     *    ecx:   comp string object (known non-null)
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_string_compareto
    PUSH esi                      // push callee save reg
    PUSH edi                      // push callee save reg
    mov MIRROR_STRING_COUNT_OFFSET(%eax), %edx
    mov MIRROR_STRING_COUNT_OFFSET(%ecx), %ebx
    lea MIRROR_STRING_VALUE_OFFSET(%eax), %esi
    lea MIRROR_STRING_VALUE_OFFSET(%ecx), %edi
    /* Calculate min length and count diff */
    mov   %edx, %ecx
    mov   %edx, %eax
    subl  %ebx, %eax
    cmovg %ebx, %ecx
    /*
     * At this point we have:
     *   eax: value to return if first part of strings are equal
     *   ecx: minimum among the lengths of the two strings
     *   esi: pointer to this string data
     *   edi: pointer to comp string data
     */
    jecxz .Lkeep_length
    repe cmpsw                    // find nonmatching chars in [%esi] and [%edi], up to length %ecx
    jne .Lnot_equal
.Lkeep_length:
    POP edi                       // pop callee save reg
    POP esi                       // pop callee save reg
    ret
    .balign 16
.Lnot_equal:
    movzwl  -2(%esi), %eax        // get last compared char from this string
    movzwl  -2(%edi), %ecx        // get last compared char from comp string
    subl  %ecx, %eax              // return the difference
    POP edi                       // pop callee save reg
    POP esi                       // pop callee save reg
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_string_compareto

// Return from a nested signal:
// Entry:
//  eax: address of jmp_buf in TLS

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_nested_signal_return
    SETUP_GOT_NOSAVE ebx            // sets %ebx for call into PLT
    movl LITERAL(1), %ecx
    PUSH ecx                        // second arg to longjmp (1)
    PUSH eax                        // first arg to longjmp (jmp_buf)
    call PLT_SYMBOL(longjmp)
    UNREACHABLE
END_FUNCTION art_nested_signal_return

// Create a function `name` calling the ReadBarrier::Mark routine,
// getting its argument and returning its result through register
// `reg`, saving and restoring all caller-save registers.
//
// If `reg` is different from `eax`, the generated function follows a
// non-standard runtime calling convention:
// - register `reg` is used to pass the (sole) argument of this function
//   (instead of EAX);
// - register `reg` is used to return the result of this function
//   (instead of EAX);
// - EAX is treated like a normal (non-argument) caller-save register;
// - everything else is the same as in the standard runtime calling
//   convention (e.g. standard callee-save registers are preserved).
MACRO2(READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG, name, reg)
    DEFINE_FUNCTION VAR(name)
    // Null check so that we can load the lock word.
    test REG_VAR(reg), REG_VAR(reg)
    jz .Lret_rb_\name
    // Check the mark bit, if it is 1 return.
    testl LITERAL(LOCK_WORD_MARK_BIT_MASK_SHIFTED), MIRROR_OBJECT_LOCK_WORD_OFFSET(REG_VAR(reg))
    jz .Lslow_rb_\name
    ret
.Lslow_rb_\name:
    // Save all potentially live caller-save core registers.
    PUSH eax
    PUSH ecx
    PUSH edx
    PUSH ebx
    // 8-byte align the stack to improve (8-byte) XMM register saving and restoring.
    // and create space for caller-save floating-point registers.
    subl MACRO_LITERAL(4 + 8 * 8), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4 + 8 * 8)
    // Save all potentially live caller-save floating-point registers.
    movsd %xmm0, 0(%esp)
    movsd %xmm1, 8(%esp)
    movsd %xmm2, 16(%esp)
    movsd %xmm3, 24(%esp)
    movsd %xmm4, 32(%esp)
    movsd %xmm5, 40(%esp)
    movsd %xmm6, 48(%esp)
    movsd %xmm7, 56(%esp)

    subl LITERAL(4), %esp            // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(4)
    PUSH RAW_VAR(reg)                // pass arg1 - obj from `reg`
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierMark)  // artReadBarrierMark(obj)
    .ifnc RAW_VAR(reg), eax
      movl %eax, REG_VAR(reg)        // return result into `reg`
    .endif
    addl LITERAL(8), %esp            // pop argument and remove padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-8)

    // Restore floating-point registers.
    movsd 0(%esp), %xmm0
    movsd 8(%esp), %xmm1
    movsd 16(%esp), %xmm2
    movsd 24(%esp), %xmm3
    movsd 32(%esp), %xmm4
    movsd 40(%esp), %xmm5
    movsd 48(%esp), %xmm6
    movsd 56(%esp), %xmm7
    // Remove floating-point registers and padding.
    addl MACRO_LITERAL(8 * 8 + 4), %esp
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-(8 * 8 + 4))
    // Restore core regs, except `reg`, as it is used to return the
    // result of this function (simply remove it from the stack instead).
    POP_REG_NE ebx, RAW_VAR(reg)
    POP_REG_NE edx, RAW_VAR(reg)
    POP_REG_NE ecx, RAW_VAR(reg)
    POP_REG_NE eax, RAW_VAR(reg)
.Lret_rb_\name:
    ret
    END_FUNCTION VAR(name)
END_MACRO

READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg00, eax
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg01, ecx
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg02, edx
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg03, ebx
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg05, ebp
// Note: There is no art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg04, as register 4 (ESP)
// cannot be used to pass arguments.
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg06, esi
READ_BARRIER_MARK_REG art_quick_read_barrier_mark_reg07, edi

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_read_barrier_slow
    PUSH edx                         // pass arg3 - offset
    PUSH ecx                         // pass arg2 - obj
    PUSH eax                         // pass arg1 - ref
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierSlow)  // artReadBarrierSlow(ref, obj, offset)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp           // pop arguments
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_read_barrier_slow

DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_read_barrier_for_root_slow
    subl LITERAL(8), %esp                   // alignment padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(8)
    PUSH eax                                // pass arg1 - root
    call SYMBOL(artReadBarrierForRootSlow)  // artReadBarrierForRootSlow(root)
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp                  // pop argument and remove padding
    CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET(-12)
    ret
END_FUNCTION art_quick_read_barrier_for_root_slow

  /*
     * On stack replacement stub.
     * On entry:
     *   [sp] = return address
     *   [sp + 4] = stack to copy
     *   [sp + 8] = size of stack
     *   [sp + 12] = pc to call
     *   [sp + 16] = JValue* result
     *   [sp + 20] = shorty
     *   [sp + 24] = thread
     */
DEFINE_FUNCTION art_quick_osr_stub
    // Save native callee saves.
    PUSH ebp
    PUSH ebx
    PUSH esi
    PUSH edi
    mov 4+16(%esp), %esi           // ESI = argument array
    mov 8+16(%esp), %ecx           // ECX = size of args
    mov 12+16(%esp), %ebx          // EBX = pc to call
    mov %esp, %ebp                 // Save stack pointer
    andl LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF0), %esp // Align stack
    PUSH ebp                       // Save old stack pointer
    subl LITERAL(12), %esp         // Align stack
    movl LITERAL(0), (%esp)        // Store null for ArtMethod* slot
    call .Losr_entry

    // Restore stack pointer.
    addl LITERAL(12), %esp
    POP ebp
    mov %ebp, %esp

    // Restore callee saves.
    POP edi
    POP esi
    POP ebx
    POP ebp
    mov 16(%esp), %ecx            // Get JValue result
    mov %eax, (%ecx)              // Store the result assuming it is a long, int or Object*
    mov %edx, 4(%ecx)             // Store the other half of the result
    mov 20(%esp), %edx            // Get the shorty
    cmpb LITERAL(68), (%edx)      // Test if result type char == 'D'
    je .Losr_return_double_quick
    cmpb LITERAL(70), (%edx)      // Test if result type char == 'F'
    je .Losr_return_float_quick
    ret
.Losr_return_double_quick:
    movsd %xmm0, (%ecx)           // Store the floating point result
    ret
.Losr_return_float_quick:
    movss %xmm0, (%ecx)           // Store the floating point result
    ret
.Losr_entry:
    subl LITERAL(4), %ecx         // Given stack size contains pushed frame pointer, substract it.
    subl %ecx, %esp
    mov %esp, %edi                // EDI = beginning of stack
    rep movsb                     // while (ecx--) { *edi++ = *esi++ }
    jmp *%ebx
END_FUNCTION art_quick_osr_stub

    // TODO: implement these!
UNIMPLEMENTED art_quick_memcmp16