All AOSP compatible devices ship with the Google-managed fs-verity certificate (located at build/make/target/product/security/fsverity-release.x509.der). The public key can verify the signature prebuilt of .dm.fsv_sig in res/.
Modifying a .dm file requires to regenerate the signature with some debug key. To use the debug key, you can run the following commands once per boot.
KEY_DIR=$ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/cts/hostsidetests/appsecurity/test-apps/ApkVerityTestApp/testdata adb root adb shell 'mini-keyctl padd asymmetric fsv-play .fs-verity' < $KEY_DIR/fsverity-debug.x509.der
Alternatively, copy the .der file to /{system, product}/etc/security/fsverity. The key will be located upon reboot.
The easiet way is to re-sign and replace the signature in place. For example,
m fsverity fsverity sign CtsDexMetadataSplitApp.dm CtsDexMetadataSplitApp.dm.fsv_sig \ --key="$KEY_DIR/fsverity-debug-key.pem" \ --cert="$KEY_DIR/fsverity-debug.x509.pem"