diff --git a/www/command-line-options.html b/www/command-line-options.html
index 356bbc0..739fe14 100644
--- a/www/command-line-options.html
+++ b/www/command-line-options.html
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xhtml11.xsd">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
- <meta name="google-site-verification" content="MxsMq6bdLOx0KSuz1MY6yG9ZTIJ7_7DVRfl5NCAT5Yg"/>
+ <meta name="google-site-verification" content="_bMOCDpkx9ZAzBwb2kF3PRHbfUUdFj2uO8Jd1AXArz4"/>
<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-US"/>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="reply-to" content="magick-users@imagemagick.org"/>
<meta name="application-name" content="ImageMagick"/>
- <meta name="description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images automagically."/>
+ <meta name="description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition, resize, rotate, shear, distort or transform images automagically."/>
<meta name="application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
<meta name="generator" content="PHP"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="command-line, options, ImageMagick, PerlMagick, image processing, OpenMP, software development library, image, photo, software, Magick++, MagickWand"/>
@@ -27,42 +27,55 @@
<meta name="author" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
<meta name="revisit-after" content="2 DAYS"/>
<meta name="resource-type" content="document"/>
- <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2013 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
+ <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2012 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
<meta name="distribution" content="Global"/>
<link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.imagemagick.org" />
<link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
+
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- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js"></script>
- <!-- Optionaly include easing and/or mousewheel plugins -->
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.mousewheel-3.0.6.pack.js"></script>
+ <!-- Add mousewheel plugin (this is optional) -->
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/lib/jquery.mousewheel-3.0.6.pack.js"></script>
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- <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.0.4" type="text/css" media="screen" />
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.0.4"></script>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.0.6" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.0.6"></script>
- <!-- Optionaly include button and/or thumbnail helpers -->
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.css?v=2.0.4" type="text/css" media="screen" />
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.js?v=2.0.4"></script>
+ <!-- Optionally add helpers - button, thumbnail and/or media -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.css?v=1.0.2" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.js?v=1.0.2"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/helpers/jquery.fancybox-media.js?v=1.0.0"></script>
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.css?v=2.0.4" type="text/css" media="screen" />
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.js?v=2.0.4"></script>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.css?v=2.0.6" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/source/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.js?v=2.0.6"></script>
+
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$(".fancybox").fancybox();
});
</script>
+
<!-- ImageMagick style -->
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.localhost/cse/style/look/default.css" type="text/css" />
<style type="text/css" media="all">
@import url("../www/magick.css");
</style>
</head>
<body id="www-imagemagick-org">
+
+<script>
+ (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
+ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
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+ })(window,document,'offline-script','//127.0.0.1/analytics.js','ga');
+
+ ga('create', 'UA-40133312-1', 'imagemagick.org');
+ ga('send', 'pageview');
+</script>
+
<div class="titlebar">
<div style="margin: 17px auto; float: left;">
<script type="text/javascript">
@@ -74,10 +87,10 @@
//-->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"
- src="http://localhost/pagead/show_ads.js">
+ src="http://127.0.0.1/pagead/show_ads.js">
</script>
</div>
-<a href="../discourse-server">
+<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">
<img src="../images/logo.jpg"
alt="ImageMagick Logo"
style="width: 123px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
@@ -156,7 +169,7 @@
</div>
<div class="sep"></div>
<div class="menu">
- <a title="Search" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/search.php">Search</a>
+ <a title="Search" href="search.html">Search</a>
</div>
<div class="sep"></div>
<div class="menu">
@@ -167,82 +180,55 @@
</div>
<div class="sep"></div>
<div class="menu">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsors" href="support.html">Sponsors:</a>
-
- <a href="http://www.networkredux.com"> <img src="../images/networkredux.png" width="140" height="31" alt="[sponsor]" style="margin-top: 4px; margin-left: 4px; border: 0px; float: left;" /></a>
- <a href="http://www.dinodirect.com/ipads-tablets/"> <img src="../images/dino-direct.jpg" width="140" height="90" alt="[sponsor]" style="margin-top: 4px; margin-left: 4px; border: 0px; float: left;" /></a><!-- 201208010120 mickey@163... -->
-<div class="sponsbox">
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: The Fastest & Easiest Way to Find Images" href="http://www.graphicsfactory.com">The Fastest & Easiest Way to Find Images</a><!-- 201210010270 graphicsfac... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: VPS" href="http://www.interdominios.com/vps">VPS</a><!-- 201209010090 barsh@inter... -->
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-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Werbebanner Werbeplane" href="http://www.allesbanner.de">Werbebanner Werbeplane</a><!-- 201212010450 info@druck... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Entertainment News & Photos" href="http://www.zimbio.com">Entertainment News & Photos</a><!-- 201211010540 bd@zimb... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: LED24" href="http://led24.de/">LED24</a><!-- 201207010270 info@led24... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Best Website Hosting" href="http://www.top-cheap-web-hosting.com">Best Website Hosting</a><!-- 201304010090 eunge.liu-->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Android Tablet" href="http://www.dinodirect.com/ipads-tablets/">Android Tablet</a><!-- 201208010120 mickey@163... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Web Site Hosting" href="http://webhostinggeeks.com">Web Site Hosting</a><!-- 201302010900 funds@enmob... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Premium Quality Stock Photos" href="http://www.f1online.pro/en/">Premium Quality Stock Photos</a><!-- 2012080100540 ... -->
-</div>
-<div class="sponsor">
- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Druckerei" href="http://print24.com/de/">Druckerei</a><!-- 2012070100250 ... -->
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- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Managed Server" href="http://www.robhost.de">Managed Server</a><!-- 201210010720 klikics... -->
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- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Druckerei" href="http://www.allesdruck.de">Druckerei</a><!-- 201303011500 r.leo -->
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- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Kaffeemaschinen reparatur" href="http://www.kaffeemaschinen-reparatur.de">Kaffeemaschinen reparatur</a><!-- 2012080100030 Temurbas atlas-multimedia-->
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- <a rel="follow" title="Sponsor: Web Hosting" href="http://www.hostucan.com">Web Hosting</a><!-- 2012120100150 racent marketing@webhosting...-->
-</div>
-</div>
+ <a title="Support ImageMagick Development" href="support.html">Support ImageMagick Development</a>
</div>
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- <div class="g-plusone" id="gplusone"></div>
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- window.___gcfg = {
- lang: 'en-US'
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+ <div> <a class="FlattrButton" style="display:none;" rev="flattr;button:compact;" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/"></a></div>
+ <noscript>
+ <a href="http://flattr.com/thing/947300/Convert-Edit-And-Compose-Images" target="_blank">
+ <img src="http://api.flattr.com/button/flattr-badge-large.png" alt="Flattr this" title="Flattr this" width="93" height="20" border="0" /></a>
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+ gplusone.setAttribute("data-count","true");
+ /* ]]> */
+ </script>
</div>
<div class="main">
-<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
+<h1>Command-line Options</h1>
<p class="navigation-index">
-[ <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#attenuate">‑attenuate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#authenticate">‑authenticate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">‑auto‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">‑auto‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">‑auto‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#backdrop">‑backdrop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#background">‑background</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bench">‑bench</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">‑black‑point‑compensation</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blend">‑blend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blue-primary">‑blue‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blue-shift">‑blue‑shift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#border">‑border</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">‑bordercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#borderwidth">‑borderwidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">‑brightness‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cache">‑cache</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#caption">‑caption</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cdl">‑cdl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">‑charcoal</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">‑chop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">‑clamp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">‑clip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">‑clip‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">‑clip‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">‑clone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clut">‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">‑coalesce</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorize">‑colorize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colormap">‑colormap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">‑color‑matrix</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">‑colorspace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#combine">‑combine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#comment">‑comment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">‑compose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#composite">‑composite</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delay">‑delay</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">‑duplicate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#smush">‑smush</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic">‑statistic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
+[ <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#attenuate">‑attenuate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#authenticate">‑authenticate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">‑auto‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">‑auto‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">‑auto‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#backdrop">‑backdrop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#background">‑background</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bench">‑bench</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">‑black‑point‑compensation</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blend">‑blend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">‑charcoal</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">‑chop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">‑clamp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">‑clip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">‑clip‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">‑clip‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">‑clone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clut">‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">‑coalesce</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorize">‑colorize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colormap">‑colormap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">‑color‑matrix</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">‑colorspace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#combine">‑combine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#comment">‑comment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">‑compose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#composite">‑composite</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delay">‑delay</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#distribute-cache">‑distribute‑cache</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">‑duplicate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale">‑grayscale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity">‑intensity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#perceptible">‑perceptible</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#poly">‑poly</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#smush">‑smush</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic">‑statistic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
<div class="doc-section">
@@ -305,8 +291,8 @@
<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
-strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those
-who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an
+strings, such as '<code>%d</code>' or '<code>%03d</code>', are familiar to those
+who have used the standard <code>printf()</code>' C-library function. As an
example, the command</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
@@ -368,7 +354,7 @@
respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
+href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<code>Affineprojection</code> for more
information </p>
@@ -416,34 +402,34 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Activate</code> or <code>On</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
+ Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <code>Set</code>
should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
- preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
+ preserve existing (but specifically turned <code>Off</code>) transparency
channel. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Deactivate</code> or <code>Off</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Set</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Opaque</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Transparent</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
@@ -451,38 +437,38 @@
intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Extract</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
- '<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
+ '<code>Off</code>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
- intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
+ intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<code>Copy</code>'.
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Copy</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
+ Turns '<code>On</code>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Shape</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
+ As per '<code>Copy</code>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Remove</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Remove</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Composite the image over the background color.
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Background</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
@@ -492,10 +478,10 @@
</tbody>
</table>
-<p>Note that while the <a href="command-line-options.html#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
-"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="command-line-options.html#matte"
->-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
-Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
+<p>Note that while the obsolete <code>+matte</code> operation was the
+same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</code>", the <code>
+>-matte</code> operation was the same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
+Set</code>" and not "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</code>". </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -540,7 +526,7 @@
<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em>
is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file
-<kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
+<code>mytext.txt</code>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
formatting characters are recognized.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -657,7 +643,7 @@
<h4><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
@@ -772,8 +758,8 @@
percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
-<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
-'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
+<code>-blend 30%</code> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
+'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <code>-blend 30x70%</code>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -858,15 +844,82 @@
<em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
ignored. </p>
+<p>As of IM 6.7.8-8, the <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments behave as follows:</p>
+
+<table id="borderTable" class="doc">
+ <col width="20%"/> <col width="80%"/>
+ <thead>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <th style="text-align:center"><em class="arg">size</em></th>
+ <th>General description</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value</em></td>
+ <td>value is added to both left/right and top/bottom</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>x</td>
+ <td>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td>x<em class="arg">value-y</em></td>
+ <td>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>x<em class="arg">value-y</em></td>
+ <td>value-x is added to left/right and value-y added to top/bottom</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>x<code>0</code></td>
+ <td>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><code>0</code>x<em class="arg">value-y</em></td>
+ <td>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td> </td>
+ <td> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value</em>%</td>
+ <td>value % of width is added to left/right and value % of height is added to top/bottom</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>x%</td>
+ <td>value-x % of width is added to left/right and to top/bottom</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td>x<em class="arg">value-y</em>%</td>
+ <td>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and to left/right</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>%x<em class="arg">value-y</em>%</td>
+ <td>value-x % of width is added to left/right and value-y % of height is added to top/bottom</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><em class="arg">value-x</em>%x<code>0</code>%</td>
+ <td>value-x % of width is added to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td><code>0</code>%xvalue-y</em>%</td>
+ <td>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+
+
<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
-'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
+'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
-with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
+with the default compose method of '<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may
be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
functionality.</p>
@@ -879,7 +932,7 @@
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
+<p>The default border color is <code>#DFDFDF</code>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
@@ -939,7 +992,7 @@
<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
-"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
+"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</code>". </p>
<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
href="escape.html">Format and
@@ -961,8 +1014,8 @@
-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
</p>
-<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
-that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
+<p>produces an image caption of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
+that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
480.</p>
@@ -996,17 +1049,17 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>,
-<kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>,
-<kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>,
-<kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choose from: <code>Red</code>, <code>Green</code>, <code>Blue</code>,
+<code>Alpha</code>, <code>Cyan</code>, <code>Magenta</code>, <code>Yellow</code>,
+<code>Black</code>, <code>Opacity</code>, <code>Index</code>, <code>RGB</code>,
+<code>RGBA</code>, <code>CMYK</code>, or <code>CMYKA</code>.</p>
<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
-abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
-'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
-'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
+abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<code>R</code>', '<code>G</code>',
+'<code>B</code>', '<code>A</code>', '<code>O</code>', '<code>C</code>',
+'<code>M</code>', '<code>Y</code>', '<code>K</code>'.
-For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
+For example, to only select the <code>Red</code> and <code>Blue</code> channels
you can either use </p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-channel Red,Blue
@@ -1017,14 +1070,14 @@
</p>
<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
-special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
+special channel type <code>All</code>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
<br />
<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
-'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
+'<code>Sync</code>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
@@ -1037,16 +1090,16 @@
it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
-<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<code>Convolve</code>' method
and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
-the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
+the '<code>Sync</code>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
contribute to the final result. </p>
<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
-setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
+setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<code>Sync</code>' flag.
How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
</p>
@@ -1057,7 +1110,7 @@
<br />
<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value
-'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
+'<code>RGBK,sync</code>', which specifies that operators act on all color
channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
@@ -1105,7 +1158,7 @@
<p>Also some operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a
href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
-color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
+color channels if the '<code>alpha</code>' channel is also enabled by <a
href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
@@ -1157,8 +1210,7 @@
<h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
@@ -1170,11 +1222,13 @@
<p>For example, in the command</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.tif -clip -negate negated.tif</span></p>
<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
-<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML
-library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires SVG support. If the SVG
+delegate library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
+
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">+clip</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
@@ -1182,18 +1236,17 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use the given image as a 'do-not-modify' mask of the current images in the
-current image sequence. Assuming the clipmask is a greyscale image the same
-size at the one already in memory, any areas that is white will not be
-modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow, until the
-mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask will be modified
-as normal. </p>
+<p>Use the alpha channel of the current image as a mask. Any areas that is
+white is not modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow,
+until the mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask are
+modified per the requirements of the operator. </p>
<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
-mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
+mask (third) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
operation. </p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">+clip-mask</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
@@ -1201,8 +1254,9 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This is almost identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
+<p>This is identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> except choose a specific clip path in the event the image has more than one path available. </p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">+clip-path</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
@@ -1217,15 +1271,15 @@
<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
-example, <kbd>−1</kbd>
+example, <code>−1</code>
represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
-dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
-spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
+dash (e.g. <code>0−4</code>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
+spaces (e.g. <code>0,2,5</code>). A value of '<code>0−−1</code> will
effectively clone all the images. </p>
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
-'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
+'<code>−1</code>'. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
@@ -1244,9 +1298,9 @@
<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
-(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
-'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
-gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
+(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<code>bilinear</code>' and
+'<code>bicubic</code>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
+gradients, and the '<code>integer</code>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
lookup of color values. </p>
<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
@@ -1254,7 +1308,7 @@
<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
-href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <code>RGB</code>, this means that
transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
@@ -1290,7 +1344,7 @@
images. </p>
<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
-the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
+the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<code>optimize</code>', although
there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
better than the original. </p>
@@ -1304,7 +1358,7 @@
<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
a comma-delimited list of colorization
-values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
+values (e.g., <code>-colorize 0,0,50</code>).</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
@@ -1312,15 +1366,15 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <code>shared</code> or <code>private</code>.</p>
<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
-is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
+is <code>PseudoColor</code> or <code>GrayScale</code>. Refer
to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
therefore your image may look very different than intended.
-If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
+If <code>private</code> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em>
when the image colormap is installed.</p>
@@ -1373,22 +1427,22 @@
<p>Choices are:</p>
<pre class="text">
- CMY CMYK Gray HSB
- HSL HWB Lab Log
- OHTA Rec601Luma Rec601YCbCr Rec709Luma
- Rec709YCbCr RGB sRGB Transparent
- XYZ YCbCr YCC YIQ
+ CMY CMYK Gray HCL
+ HCLp HSB HSI HSL
+ HSV HWB Lab LCHab
+ LCHuv LMS Log Luv
+ OHTA Rec601YCbCr Rec709YCbCr RGB
+ scRGB sRGB Transparent XYZ
+ YCbCr YCC YDbDr YIQ
YPbPr YUV
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
-colorspace</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
-<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale
-colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
+<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the linear RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option. Note, ImageMagick assumes the sRGB colorspace if the image format does not indicate otherwise. For colorspace conversion, the gamma function is first removed to produce linear RGB.</p>
<table class="doc">
- <caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
+ <caption>Conversion of RGB to Other Color Spaces</caption>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
@@ -1400,7 +1454,7 @@
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
@@ -1433,25 +1487,25 @@
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000*R+0.50000*G−0.25000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260*R+0.71520*G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.212656*R+0.715158*G+0.072186*B</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600*R+0.715200*G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572*R−0.385428*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.454153*G−0.045847*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212656*R+0.715158*G+0.072186*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572*R−0.385428*G+0.500000*B)+(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.454153*G−0.045847*B)+(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if R ≤ .04045 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if G ≤ .04045 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if B ≤ .04045 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if R ≤ .0.0031308 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if G ≤ .0.0031308 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if B ≤ .0.0031308 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240*R+0.3575790*G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
@@ -1459,31 +1513,33 @@
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324*R+0.1191930*G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900*R−0.58700*G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100*R−0.58700*G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.298839*R−0.586811*G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100*R−0.586811*G−0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600*R−0.27400*G−0.32200*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100*R−0.52300*G+0.31200*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740*R−0.28950*G+0.43690*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500*R−0.51500*G−0.10000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
</table>
+<p>Note the scRGB colorspace requires HDRI support otherwise it behaves just like linear RGB.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
</div>
@@ -1492,9 +1548,9 @@
<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the
combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the
-sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this
-means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second
-to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
+sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <code>RGB</code>, this
+means the first image is assigned to the <code>Red</code> channel, the second
+to the <code>Green</code> channel, the third to the <code>Blue</code>.</p>
<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a
href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same.
@@ -1510,7 +1566,7 @@
<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
-"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
+"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</code>". </p>
<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
href="escape.html">Format and
@@ -1532,8 +1588,8 @@
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
</p>
-<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
-that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
+<p>produces an image comment of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
+that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
480.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -1556,7 +1612,7 @@
<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>,
and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
-<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
+<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<code>composite</code>"
command. </p>
@@ -1575,18 +1631,18 @@
<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
-'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
+'<code>displace</code>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
Y-displacement image instead. </p>
<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
+href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code class="arg">option:compose:args</code>'
appropriately for the compose method. </p>
<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
-href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
-to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</code>'
+to '<code>false</code>'. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -1595,11 +1651,11 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd
-class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd
-class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd
-class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd
-class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choices are: <code class="arg">None</code>, <code class="arg">BZip</code>, <code
+class="arg">Fax</code>, <code class="arg">Group4</code>, <code
+class="arg">JPEG</code>, <code class="arg">JPEG2000</code>, <code
+class="arg">Lossless</code>, <code class="arg">LZW</code>, <code
+class="arg">RLE</code> or <code class="arg">Zip</code>.</p>
<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
compress</a>.</p>
@@ -1608,21 +1664,21 @@
uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified
image file.</p>
-<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
+<p>If <code>LZW</code> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be
read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
-<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
+<p><code>Lossless</code> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
not recommended.</p>
<p>
When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
-PNG format, by specifying <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression.</p>
+PNG format, by specifying <code>Zip</code> compression.</p>
<p>
-When writing a JNG file, specify <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression to request that
-the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <kbd>JPEG</kbd>
+When writing a JNG file, specify <code>Zip</code> compression to request that
+the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <code>JPEG</code>
to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
@@ -1664,12 +1720,12 @@
class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
-<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
+<p>Note that <code>-contrast-stretch 0</code> will modify the image such that
the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize"
->-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
-prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
+>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <code>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</code> (or
+prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <code>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</code>).</p>
<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
@@ -1718,7 +1774,7 @@
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em>{<em class="arg">@</em>}{<em class="arg">!</em>}</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
@@ -1737,11 +1793,11 @@
cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of
the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper
left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
-present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>
+present with <code>NorthEast</code>, <code>East</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code>
gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to
the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
-<kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <code>SouthWest</code>,
+<code>South</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> gravity, the distance is measured
upward between the bottom edges.</p>
<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are
@@ -1749,6 +1805,8 @@
image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if
the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
+<p>You can add the <em class="arg">@</em> to the geometry argument to equally divide the image into the number of tiles generated.</p>
+
<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
@@ -1784,20 +1842,20 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
-can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or
+<p>The <code>events</code> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
+can be either <code>None</code>, <code>All</code>, <code>Trace</code>, or
a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains:
-<kbd>Accelerate</kbd>, <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>,
-<kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>,
-<kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>,
-<kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>,
-<kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
+<code>Accelerate</code>, <code>Annotate</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Cache</code>,
+<code>Coder</code>, <code>Configure</code>, <code>Deprecate</code>,
+<code>Exception</code>, <code>Locale</code>, <code>Render</code>,
+<code>Resource</code>, <code>Security</code>, <code>TemporaryFile</code>,
+<code>Transform</code>, <code>X11</code>, or <code>User</code>. </p>
<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
-<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
+<p>The <code>User</code> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
@@ -1808,8 +1866,8 @@
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
-<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="resources.html#environment"
->environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd>
+<p>Debugging may also be set using the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> <a href="resources.html#environment"
+>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code>
environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a>
option.</p>
@@ -1825,7 +1883,7 @@
class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
-href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
+href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
@@ -1845,7 +1903,7 @@
animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a>
-method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
+method '<code>compare-any</code>'. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -1859,7 +1917,7 @@
while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
-href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
+href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format)
as "Artifacts". </p>
<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
@@ -1877,7 +1935,7 @@
converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <em>value</em>
is case-dependent.</p>
-<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
+<p>Such settings are global in scope, and affect all images and operations. </p>
<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
available:</p>
@@ -1886,7 +1944,7 @@
<dt>compose:args=<em class="arg">arguments</em></dt>
<dd>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ...
- -composite. See <a href="compose.html"
+ -composite. See <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/compose.html"
>Image Composition</a></dd>
<dt>distort:scale=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
@@ -1902,14 +1960,36 @@
<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
- <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd>
+ <code>neato</code>).</dd>
+
+<dt>jpeg:colors=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+<dd>Set the desired number of colors and let the JPEG encoder do the
+ quantizing.</dd>
+
+<dt>jpeg:block-smoothing=<em class="arg">on|off</em></dt>
+
+<dt>jpeg:dct-method=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+<dd>Choose from <code>default</code>, <code>fastest</code>, <code>float</code>,
+ <code>ifast</code>, and <code>islow</code>.</dd>
<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
-<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
- jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd>
+<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <code>-define
+ jpeg:extent=400kb</code>. The JPEG encoder will search for the highest
+ compression quality level that results in an output file that does not
+ exceed the value. The <code>-quality</code> option is ignored if it
+ is also present.</dd>
+
+<dt>jpeg:fancy-upsampling=<em class="arg">on|off</em></dt>
+
+<dt>jpeg:optimize-coding=<em class="arg">on|off</em></dt>
+
+<dt>jpeg:q-table=<em class="arg">table</em></dt>
+
+<dt>jpeg:sampling-factor=<em class="arg">sampling-factor-string</em></dt>
<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
-<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
+<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for
+ example, <code>-define jpeg:size=128x128</code>.
It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd>
@@ -1958,16 +2038,30 @@
<dt>png:format=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dd> valid values are <em class="arg">png8</em>, <em class="arg">png24</em>,
- and <em class="arg">png32</em>. This property can be useful for specifying
+ <em class="arg">png32</em>, <em class="arg">png48</em>,
+ <em class="arg">png64</em>, and <em class="arg">png00</em>.
+ This property can be useful for specifying
the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
- a PNG-encoded ICO file.</dd>
+ a PNG-encoded ICO file.
+ Value = <em class="arg">png8</em> reduces the number of colors to 256,
+ only one of which may be fully transparent, if necessary. The other
+ values do not force any reduction of quality; it is an error to request
+ a format that cannot represent the image data without loss (except that
+ it is allowed to reduce the bit-depth from 16 to 8 for all formats).
+ Value = <em class="arg">png24</em> and <em class="arg">png48</em>
+ allow transparency, only if a single color is fully transparent and that
+ color does not also appear in an opaque pixel; such transparency is
+ written in a PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk.
+ Value = <em class="arg">png00</em> causes the image to inherit its
+ color-type and bit-depth from the input image, if the input was also
+ a PNG.</dd>
<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
- <p>The<em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
+ <p>The <em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
as <em class="arg">bKGD</em>, a comma-separated list of chunk-types,
or the word <em class="arg">all</em> or
the word <em class="arg">none</em>. There must be no spaces in the
@@ -1977,8 +2071,8 @@
<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
- <p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
- the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
+ <p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is excluded and
+ the <code>gAMA</code> chunk is included, the <code>gAMA</code> chunk will
only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
@@ -1988,21 +2082,21 @@
-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
</pre>
- <p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is not excluded and
+ <p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is not excluded and
the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
- the PNG encoder will write the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk instead of the entire
+ the PNG encoder will write the <code>sRGB</code> chunk instead of the entire
3144-byte ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
- profile as an <kbd>iCCP</kbd> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
- <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk, exclude the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk.</p>
+ profile as an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
+ <code>sRGB</code> chunk, exclude the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.</p>
- <p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
- <kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any such
+ <p>The critical PNG chunks <code>IHDR</code>, <code>PLTE</code>,
+ <code>IDAT</code>, and <code>IEND</code> cannot be excluded. Any such
entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
- <p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
+ <p>If the ancillary PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk is excluded and the
image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
- <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
+ <code>tRNS</code> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
@@ -2013,7 +2107,7 @@
</pre>
<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
- plus ImageMagick's private <kbd>vpAg</kbd> ("virtual page") chunk,
+ plus ImageMagick's private <code>vpAg</code> ("virtual page") chunk,
and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
PNG specification.</p>
@@ -2021,11 +2115,11 @@
<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
- <kbd>bKGD</kbd>, <kbd>cHRM</kbd>, <kbd>gAMA</kbd>, <kbd>iCCP</kbd>,
- <kbd>oFFs</kbd>, <kbd>pHYs</kbd>, <kbd>sRGB</kbd>, <kbd>tEXt</kbd>,
- <kbd>tRNS</kbd>, <kbd>vpAg</kbd>, and <kbd>zTXt</kbd>.</p>
+ <code>bKGD</code>, <code>cHRM</code>, <code>gAMA</code>, <code>iCCP</code>,
+ <code>oFFs</code>, <code>pHYs</code>, <code>sRGB</code>, <code>tEXt</code>,
+ <code>tRNS</code>, <code>vpAg</code>, and <code>zTXt</code>.</p>
- <p>You can also put <kbd>date</kbd> in the list to include or exclude
+ <p>You can also put <code>date</code> in the list to include or exclude
the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
inserts in the output PNG.</p>
@@ -2037,28 +2131,47 @@
the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
is suppressed.</dd>
+<dt>png:preserve-iCCP</dt>
+ <dd>By default, the PNG decoder and encoder examine any ICC profile
+ that is present, either from an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the PNG
+ input or supplied via an option, and if the profile is recognized
+ to be the sRGB profile, converts it to the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.
+ You can use <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code> to prevent
+ this from happening; in such cases the <code>iCCP</code> chunk
+ will be read or written and no <code>sRGB</code> chunk will be
+ written. There are some ICC profiles that claim to be sRGB but
+ have various errors that cause them to be rejected by libpng16; such
+ profiles are recognized anyhow and converted to the <code>sRGB</code>
+ chunk, but are rejected if the <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code>
+ is present. Note that not all "sRGB" ICC profiles are recognized
+ yet; we will add them to the list as we encounter them.</dd>
+
<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
operator instead of the image operator.</dd>
<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
-<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
+<dd>Set the type to <code>floating-point</code> to specify a floating-point
format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
to preserve negative values. If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
double precision floating point format.</dd>
+<dt>quantum:polarity=<em class="arg">photometric-interpretation</em></dt>
+<dd>Set the photometric-interpretation of an image (typically for TIFF image
+ file format) to either <code>min-is-black</code> (default) or
+ <code>min-is-white</code>.</dd>
+
+<dt>sample:offset=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
+<dd>Location of the sampling point within the sub-region being sampled,
+expressed as percentages (see <a href="command-line-options.html#sample" >-sample</a>).</dd>
+
<dt>showkernel=1</em></dt>
<dd>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</dd>
-<dt>tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-black
-<br />
-tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-white</dt>
- <dd>Toggles the photometric interpretation</dd>
-
<dt>tiff:rows-per-strip=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dd>Sets the number of rows per strip</dd>
@@ -2074,14 +2187,18 @@
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
-<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
+<code>registry:</code>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
use:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
</p>
+<p>If you want to keep the temporary files ImageMagick creates private, overwrite them with zeros or random data before they are removed. On the first pass, the file is zeroed. For subsequent passes, random data is written. For example, to specify two passes:</p>
+<p class="crtsnip">
+-define registry:shred-passes=2
+</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
@@ -2094,13 +2211,13 @@
next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image
sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current
-value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay
+<p>Use <code>></code> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current
+value exceeds the given delay. <code><</code> changes the image delay
<em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if
-you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
+you specify <code>30></code> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed
to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the
-<kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as
+<code><</code> or <code>></code> from being interpreted by your shell as
a file redirection.</p>
@@ -2114,7 +2231,7 @@
0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with
a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use
-<kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
+<code>+delete</code> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -2174,8 +2291,8 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop
-<em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <code>option:deskew:auto-crop
+<em>width</em></code> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -2273,7 +2390,7 @@
<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
<pre class="text">
- Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
+ Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<code>none</code>').
None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
@@ -2287,7 +2404,7 @@
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
-<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>dispose</code>' method to set the image
disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -2306,7 +2423,7 @@
<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
-transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
+transparent at a value of '<code class="arg">200</code>'. If both percentages
are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
@@ -2333,12 +2450,12 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
- <br/>or <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>
+ <br/>or <code>SRT</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
- is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
+ is an alternative method of specifying a '<code>Affine</code>' type of
distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
@@ -2362,16 +2479,16 @@
</table>
This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
- '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
+ '<code>Affine</code>' or '<code>AffineProjection</code>' distortion. </td> </tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Affine</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
- also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
+ also the related '<code>AffineProjection</code>' and '<code>SRT</code>'
distortions. <br/>
More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
@@ -2388,7 +2505,7 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>AffineProjection</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
@@ -2403,7 +2520,7 @@
See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
- The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
+ The distortions '<code>Affine</code>' and '<code>SRT</code>' provide
alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
@@ -2412,20 +2529,20 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
- <kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>BilinearForward</code><br/>
+ <code>BilinearReverse</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
consistent. <br/>
- The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
- quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
+ The '<code>BilinearForward</code>' is used to map rectangles to any
+ quadrilateral, while the '<code>BilinearReverse</code>' form maps any
quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
in each case. <br/>
- Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
+ Note that '<code>BilinearForward</code>' can generate invalid pixels
which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
may disappear. <br/>
@@ -2438,13 +2555,13 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Perspective</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
- effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
+ effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<code>Affine</code>'
linear distortion. <br/>
Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
@@ -2454,19 +2571,19 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd> </td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>PerspectiveProjection</code> </td>
<td valign="top">
- Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
+ Do a '<code>Perspective</code>' distortion biased on a set of 8
pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
- '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
+ '<code>Perspective</code>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Arc</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
a circle. <br/>
@@ -2495,9 +2612,9 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Polar</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
+ Like '<code>Arc</code>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
angle limits. <br/>
@@ -2512,7 +2629,7 @@
image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
- but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
+ but will generate the exact reverse of a '<code>DePolar</code>' with
the same arguments. <br/>
If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
@@ -2523,16 +2640,16 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>DePolar</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
+ Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<code>Polar</code>' distortion
but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
the corners of the input image. However using the special
<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
- generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
+ generated result, so that the same argument to '<code>Polar</code>' will
reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
@@ -2544,7 +2661,7 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Barrel</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
@@ -2570,22 +2687,22 @@
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>BarrelInverse</code></td>
<td valign="top">
- This is very similar to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
+ This is very similar to '<code>Barrel</code>' with the same set of
arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
of the radial polynomial,
so that it forms the function <br/>
Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>*r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>*r<sup>2</sup> +
<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
- Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
+ Note that this is not the reverse of the '<code>Barrel</code>'
distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><code>Shepards</code></td>
<td valign="top">
Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
@@ -2613,8 +2730,8 @@
<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
distort</a>.</p>
-<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
-'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
+<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<code>Affine</code>',
+'<code>Perspective</code>', and '<code>Shepards</code>' use a list control points
defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
@@ -2629,7 +2746,7 @@
<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
destination image. </p>
-<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
+<p>For example, to warp an image using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion,
needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
@@ -2644,36 +2761,36 @@
best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
-'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
+'<code>Affine</code>' distortion). </p>
<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
-<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
-magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
-a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
-produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
-a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
-the way to the horizon. </p>
+<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to a cylindrical
+resampling <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a>, using a special technique known as
+EWA resampling. This produces very high quality results, especially when
+images become smaller (minified) in the output, which is very common when
+using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion. For example here we view
+a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the way to the horizon. </p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>
convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
-be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
-function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
-using a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
-(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
+be very slow, because of the number of pixels that are compressed to generate
+each individual pixel close to the 'horizon'. You can turn off EWA
+resampling, by specifing the special <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of
+'<code>point</code>' (recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead).
+</p>
<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
-'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a>
-will use the current <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
-pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
-the rest of the ground. </p>
+example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> will use the current <a
+href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these pixels. If you do not
+what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match the rest of the
+ground. </p>
<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
@@ -2684,29 +2801,34 @@
may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
is unwanted. </p>
-<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>
-option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
-the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
-image space.</p>
-
-<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
-{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
-that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
-can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
-or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
-changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
-
<p>Setting <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
-<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
-produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="command-line-options.html#rotate" >-rotate</a>
-and/or <a href="command-line-options.html#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
-above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
-the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
+<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define"
+>-define</a> distort:viewport={geometry_string}</code>" setting which will
+specify the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the
+distorted image space.</p>
+<p>Setting a "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a>
+distort:scale={scale_factor}</code>" will scale the output image (viewport or
+otherwise) by that factor without changing the viewed contents of the
+distorted image. This can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for
+a higher quality result, or for panning and zooming around the image (with
+appropriate viewport changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
+
+<p>Setting "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> resample:verbose=1</code>"
+will output the cylindrical filter lookup table created by the EWA (Elliptical
+Weighted Average) resampling algorithm. Note this table uses a squared radius
+lookup value. This is typically only used for debugging EWA resampling. </p>
+
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="distribute-cache"></a>-distribute-cache <em class="arg">port</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>launch a distributed pixel cache server. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
@@ -2734,7 +2856,7 @@
href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced
color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic
color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such
-as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used
+as <code>GIF:</code>, <code>XBM:</code>, and others, so dithering may also be used
in these cases. </p>
<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>
@@ -2810,42 +2932,42 @@
"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a
href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the
+<p>A <code>point</code> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the
pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates,
-<em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd>
+<em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <code>point</code>
primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a
href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
-<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
+<p>A <code>line</code> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
+<p>A <code>rectangle</code> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
upper left and lower right corners.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as
-a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
+<p>A <code>roundRectangle</code> primitive takes the same corner points as
+a <code>rectangle</code> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
to be removed.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
+<p>The <code>circle</code> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
-<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
-to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for
-<kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
+<p>The <code>arc</code> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
+to a given rectangle. An <code>arc</code> requires the two corners used for
+<code>rectangle</code> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end
points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment
of an ellipse is filled.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
+<p>Use <code>ellipse</code> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of
the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150
0,360).</p>
-<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or
-more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply
-a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
+<p>The <code>polyline</code> and <code>polygon</code> primitives require three or
+more points to define their perimeters. A <code>polyline</code> is simply
+a <code>polygon</code> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then
-a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <code>none</code> (the default), then
+a <code>polyline</code> is identical to a <code>polygon</code>. </p>
<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or
optional comma. </p>
@@ -2857,7 +2979,7 @@
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
+<p>The <code>Bezier</code> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the
<em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any
intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points
@@ -2868,7 +2990,7 @@
more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points
act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order
to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the
-<kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
+<code>path</code> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
@@ -2879,7 +3001,7 @@
</p>
-<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
+<p>A <code>path</code> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw
a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the
current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths
@@ -2888,7 +3010,7 @@
<em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
+<p>Use <code>image</code> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and
filename:</p>
@@ -2902,15 +3024,15 @@
a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
-arguments cannot be used at present with the <kbd>-draw image</kbd> option.
+arguments cannot be used at present with the <code>-draw image</code> option.
</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
+<p>Use <code>text</code> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in
single or double quotes.</p>
-<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like
-magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
+<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <code>Works like
+magick!</code> for an image titled <code>bird.miff</code>. </p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
@@ -2919,18 +3041,18 @@
<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way
to annotate an image with text.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
+<p>The <code>rotate</code> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a
href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the
region.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
+<p>The <code>translate</code> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
primitives.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
+<p>The <code>scale</code> primitive scales them.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect
+<p>The <code>skewX</code> and <code>skewY</code> primitives skew them with respect
to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized
@@ -2941,7 +3063,7 @@
<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is
reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p>
-<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
+<p>Use the <code>color</code> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with
a method:</p>
@@ -2954,22 +3076,22 @@
</pre>
<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The
-<kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd>
+<code>point</code> method recolors the target pixel. The <code>replace</code>
method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
-<kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
-pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor
-pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all
+<code>Floodfill</code> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
+pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> recolors any neighbor
+pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <code>reset</code> recolors all
pixels.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
-Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive
-for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte
-value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte
+<p>Use <code>matte</code> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
+Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <code>color</code> primitive
+for a description of methods). The <code>point</code> method changes the matte
+value of the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> method changes the matte
value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
-<kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
-color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd>
+<code>Floodfill</code> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
+color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code>
changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a
-href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the
+href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <code>reset</code> changes the
matte value of all pixels.</p>
<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a
@@ -2994,7 +3116,7 @@
The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the
sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify
a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g.
-0,2). Use <kbd>+duplicate</kbd> to duplicate the last image in the current
+0,2). Use <code>+duplicate</code> to duplicate the last image in the current
image sequence.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -3019,7 +3141,7 @@
>filename</em>.</p>
<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
-href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
+href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
@@ -3030,16 +3152,16 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>,
-<kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>,
-<kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>,
-<kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choose from <code>AdobeCustom</code>, <code>AdobeExpert</code>,
+<code>AdobeStandard</code>, <code>AppleRoman</code>, <code>BIG5</code>,
+<code>GB2312</code>, <code>Latin 2</code>, <code>None</code>, <code>SJIScode</code>,
+<code>Symbol</code>, <code>Unicode</code>, <code>Wansung</code>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<code>MSB</code> or <code>LSB</code>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
@@ -3063,13 +3185,13 @@
image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then
equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
-<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
--equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
+<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <code>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
+-equalize -colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal
components transformation that puts most of the information in the first
-channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
--colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
+channel. Here we have ... <code>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
+-colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
@@ -3146,29 +3268,29 @@
calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
-<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
-semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
+<code>Divide</code> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
+semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<code>%</code>' to specify a value
as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
-<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
-<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
+<p>The results of the <code>Add</code>, <code>Subtract</code> and
+<code>Multiply</code> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with
appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
'alpha' values.</p>
-<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
+<p><code>AddModulus</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore
-equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
+equivalent to <code>Add</code> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
-<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
+<p><code>Exp or Exponential</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with
-<kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
+<code>Exp</code> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and
thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The
formula is expressed below. </p>
@@ -3181,9 +3303,9 @@
>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be
the result.</p>
-<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
+<p><code>Log</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em
-class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling
+class="arg">value</em> used with <code>Log</code> provides a <em>scaling
factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The
formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
@@ -3191,16 +3313,16 @@
log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
</div>
-<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
-normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
+<p><code>Pow</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
+normalized pixel values. Note that <code>Pow</code> is related to the <a
href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
-with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
+with <code>Pow</code>.</p>
-<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
+<p><code>Cosine</code> and <code>Sine</code> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
-The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
+The synonyms <code>Cos</code> and <code>Sin</code> may also be used. The output
is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
@@ -3286,7 +3408,25 @@
<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display (cooccurrence matrix) texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
+
+<pre class="text">
+ Angular Second Moment
+ Contrast
+ Correlation
+ Sum of Squares Variance
+ Inverse Difference Moment
+ Sum Average
+ Sum Variance
+ Sum Entropy
+ Entropy
+ Difference Variance
+ Difference Entropy
+ Information Measure of Correlation 1
+ Information Measure of Correlation 2
+ Maximum Correlation Coefficient
+</pre>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
@@ -3323,12 +3463,12 @@
formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
-<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase
-image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
+<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image.miff[0]</code> and a phase
+image as <code>fft_image.miff[1]</code>. Similarly,</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
-<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image
-as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
+<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image-0.png</code> and a phase image
+as <code>fft_image-1.png</code>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a
href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
@@ -3434,8 +3574,8 @@
Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
</pre>
-<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
-as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
+<p>The <code>Bessel</code> and <code>Sinc</code> filter is also provided (as well
+as a faster <code>SincFast</code> equivalent form). However these filters are
generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
except via expert settings (see below). </p>
@@ -3452,13 +3592,13 @@
</pre>
<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
-<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
+<code>Lagrange</code>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
-<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
+<code>Mitchell</code> for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or
if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
-<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
+<code>Lanczos</code>.</p>
<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
filter</a> option.</p>
@@ -3478,7 +3618,7 @@
<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
- <kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
+ <code>Lagrange</code> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
</dd>
@@ -3490,18 +3630,18 @@
image distorts.</dd>
<dt>-define filter:sigma=<em>value</em></dt>
-<dd>The 'sigma' value used to define the <kbd>Gaussian</kbd> filter. Default
- sigma value is '<kbd>0.5</kbd>'. It only effects <kbd>Gaussian</kbd> but
+<dd>The 'sigma' value used to define the <code>Gaussian</code> filter. Default
+ sigma value is '<code>0.5</code>'. It only effects <code>Gaussian</code> but
does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used
to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due
- to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<kbd>0.707</kbd>'
+ to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<code>0.707</code>'
(a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </dd>
<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
-<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
- <kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
- the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
+<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <code>Cubic</code>,
+ <code>Catrom</code>, <code>Mitchel</code>, and <code>Hermite</code>, as well as
+ the <code>Parzen</code> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter.
The values meaning was defined by a research paper by
Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
@@ -3523,24 +3663,31 @@
<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
<dd>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow
- you to directly use a windowing function such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
+ you to directly use a windowing function such as <code>Blackman</code>,
as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing
function. </dd>
<dd>If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set
- to <kbd>Box</kbd>). Directly specifying <kbd>Sinc</kbd> or <kbd>Jinc</kbd>
+ to <code>Box</code>). Directly specifying <code>Sinc</code> or <code>Jinc</code>
as a filter will also do this. </dd>
<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
-<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Sinc</kbd> and
- <kbd>Jinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
+<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <code>Sinc</code> and
+ <code>Jinc</code> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters. </dd>
<dd>Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR
- filters. A typical choices is <kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns
+ filters. A typical choices is <code>Box</code>, (which effectively turns
off the windowing function). </dd>
+<dt>-define filter:win-support=<em>radius</em></dt>
+<dd>Scale windowing function to this size instead. This causes the windowing
+ (or self-windowing Lagrange filter) to act is if the support window is
+ larger than what is actually supplied to the calling operator. The filter
+ however is still clipped to the real support size given. If unset this
+ will equal the normal filter support size. </dd>
+
<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
@@ -3548,34 +3695,38 @@
easily graphed. </dd>
<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
- filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
- a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
- <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
- 'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
+ filters. The <code>Lanczos</code> filter for example is defined in terms of
+ a <code>SincFast</code> windowed <code>SincFast</code> filter, while
+ <code>Mitchell</code> is defined as a general <code>Cubic</code> family filter
+ with specific 'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
</dl>
-<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
+<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe jinc windowed sinc filter (Genseng filter?):</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \<br/>
- -set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \<br/>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png \<br/>
+ -filter sinc \<br/>
+ -set filter:window=jinc \<br/>
+ -set filter:lobes=8 \<br/>
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \<br/>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png \<br/>
+ -set filter:filter=sinc \<br/>
+ -set filter:lobes=4 \<br/>
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with
-a '<kbd>Box</kbd>' filter. For example the '<kbd>Welsh</kbd> parabolic
+a '<code>Box</code>' filter. For example the '<code>Welch</code> parabolic
windowing function. </p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert null: -define filter:filter=Box \<br/>
- -define filter:window=Welsh \<br/>
+ -define filter:window=Welch \<br/>
-define filter:support=1.0 \<br/>
-define filter:verbose=1 \<br/>
- -resize 2 null: > window_welsh.dat<br/>
+ -resize 2 null: > window_welch.dat<br/>
gnuplot<br/>
set grid<br/>
- plot "window_welsh.dat" with lines</span></p>
+ plot "window_welch.dat" with lines</span></p>
<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts
who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this
knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters
@@ -3641,9 +3792,9 @@
option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
-also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
-is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
-<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
+also specify a font from a specific source. For example <code>Arial.ttf</code>
+is a TrueType font file, <code>ps:helvetica</code> is PostScript font, and
+<code>x:fixed</code> is X11 font.</p>
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
@@ -3667,7 +3818,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any
+<p>When used with the <code>mogrify</code> utility, this option converts any
image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify.
For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a
href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p>
@@ -3710,12 +3861,12 @@
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
-'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
+'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
-'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
+'<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
<p>The image composition is not
@@ -3760,10 +3911,10 @@
use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
<dl class="doc">
-<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
+<dt><code>Polynomial</code></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
+<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.
That is, entering</p>
@@ -3781,9 +3932,9 @@
<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd>
-(the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>,
-<kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em>
+<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function can be used in place of <code>Set</code>
+(the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <code>Add</code>, <code>Divide</code>,
+<code>Multiply</code>, and <code>Subtract</code> (some <em>linear</em>
polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a
href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some
correspondences follow.</p>
@@ -3816,20 +3967,20 @@
</tr>
</table>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since
+<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function gives great versatility, since
polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy
desired.</p>
</dd>
-<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
+<dt><code>Sinusoid</code></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values
+<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function can be used to vary the channel values
sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These
values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
<div style="text-align: center">
- -function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
+ -function <code>Sinusoid</code> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
</div>
<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function
@@ -3853,8 +4004,8 @@
class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em>
is 0.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and
-<kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
+<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function generalizes <code>Sin</code> and
+<code>Cos</code> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
<table class="doc">
@@ -3869,15 +4020,15 @@
</table>
</dd>
-<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
+<dt><code>ArcSin</code></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
+<p>The <code>ArcSin</code> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
of values.</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
- -function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
+ -function <code>ArcSin</code> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
</p>
<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
@@ -3891,14 +4042,14 @@
</dd>
-<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
+<dt><code>ArcTan</code></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
+<p>The <code>ArcTan</code> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
- -function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
+ -function <code>ArcTan</code> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
</p>
<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
@@ -3927,7 +4078,7 @@
these differences.</p>
<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by
-appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
+appending <code>%</code> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
65535, or 4294967295).</p>
@@ -3937,7 +4088,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>,
+<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <code>@</code>,
the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
string.</p>
@@ -3955,7 +4106,7 @@
<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look
different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to
adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
-<kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
+<code>0.8</code> to <code>2.3</code>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may
result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only
eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
@@ -3967,7 +4118,7 @@
<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of
the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g.,
-<kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
+<code>1.7,2.3,1.2</code>).</p>
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the
image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
@@ -4029,16 +4180,16 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>,
-<kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>,
-<kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a
+<p>Choices include: <code>NorthWest</code>, <code>North</code>,
+<code>NorthEast</code>, <code>West</code>, <code>Center</code>, <code>East</code>,
+<code>SouthWest</code>, <code>South</code>, <code>SouthEast</code>. Use <a
href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a
href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
installation.</p>
<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For
-example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within
-the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a
+example, a gravity of <code>Center</code> forces the text to be centered within
+the image. By default, the image gravity is <code>NorthWest</code>. See <a
href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the
text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a
href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
@@ -4052,10 +4203,10 @@
or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an
offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested
by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following
-command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions
+command, for example, suppose the file <code>image.png</code> has dimensions
200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a>
is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is
-<kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
+<code>Center</code>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving
(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at
that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the
@@ -4069,7 +4220,38 @@
<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a
href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates
-within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
+within a tile. The default gravity is <code>Center</code> for this purpose.</p>
+
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="grayscale"></a>-grayscale <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>convert image to grayscale.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+</p>This will use one of the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> methods to
+convert the given image into a linear-grayscale image. </p>
+
+<p>For example, to convert an image to (linear) Rec709Luminance grayscale, type:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luminance out.png</span></p>
+<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -colorspace gray out.png</span></p>
+<p>Similarly, to convert an image to (non-linear) Rec709Luma grayscale, type:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luma out.png</span></p>
+<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set colorspace RGB -colorspace gray out.png</span></p>
+<p>Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result
+regardless of the current colorpsace of the image. But a 'mathematical'
+intensity method will depend on the current colorspace the image is currently
+using. </p>
+
+<p>While this operation uses an <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> method,
+it does not use or set the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting, so
+will not effect other operations that may use that setting.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -4086,7 +4268,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
-dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
+dimensions. Create it with the <code>HALD:</code> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
to apply the transform to the image. </p>
@@ -4135,7 +4317,7 @@
<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>start in icon mode in X Windows</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
@@ -4213,21 +4395,99 @@
<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it
at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is
calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such
-<kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
+<code>-insert -1</code> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In
+<p>The <code>+insert</code> option is equivalent to <code>-insert -1</code>. In
other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.
Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="intensity"></a>-intensity <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>method to generate intensity value from pixel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an
+operatory needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from
+an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the linear
+<code>Rec709Luminance</code> formula is used, which is the same formula used when
+converting images to <code>-colorspace gray</code>. </p>
+
+<p>The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert
+the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before
+being applied to calulate the final greyscale value. </p>
+
+<pre class="text">
+ Rec601Luma 0.298839R' + 0.586811G'+ 0.114350B'
+ Rec601Luminance 0.298839R + 0.586811G + 0.114350B
+ Rec709Luma 0.212656R' + 0.715158G' + 0.072186B'
+ Rec709Luminance 0.212656R + 0.715158G + 0.072186B
+ Brightness max(R', G', B')
+ Lightness (min(R', G', B') + max(R', G', B')) / 2.0
+</pre>
+<p>Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while
+R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values. </p>
+
+<p>These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the
+current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of
+what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using.</p>
+
+<pre class="text">
+ Average (R + G + B) / 3.0
+ MS (R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0
+ RMS sqrt( (R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0 )
+</pre>
+
+<p>These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a
+grayscale difference image between two color images (using <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
+>-compose</a> '<code>Difference</code>' composition. </p>
+
+<p> For example The 'MS' (Mean Squared) setting is good for minimizing color
+error comparisions. While... The method 'RMS' (Root Mean Squared) for
+example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color
+difference image. This is equivelent to the color only component of the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor color compare setting. </p>
+
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale" >-grayscale</a> which applies one of the above
+grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace gray</a> image conversion also uses
+the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the
+appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above
+function.</p>
+
+<p>To print a complete list of posible pixel intensity setting methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intensity</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Operators affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting include:</p>
+
+<pre class="text">
+-adaptive-blur
+-adaptive-sharpen
+-black-threshold
+-clut (when mapping greyscale CLUT image to alpha channel if set by -channels)
+-colors for gray colorspace
+-compose {LightenIntensity, DarkenIntensity, CopyOpacity, CopyBlack}
+-contrast-stretch
+-distort {ErodeIntensity, DilateIntensity}
+-normalize
+-random-threshold
+-selective-blur
+-shade
+-threshold
+-tint
+-white-threshold
+</pre>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see
-<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute,
-Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
+<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <code>Absolute,
+Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</code>.</p>
<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p>
@@ -4252,19 +4512,19 @@
</pre>
<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
-formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
+formats such as <code>RGB</code> or <code>YUV</code>.</p>
-<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
+<p><code>None</code> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
-<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
+<p><code>Line</code> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
-<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
+<p><code>Plane</code> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
-<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
+<p><code>Partition</code> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced
-PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd> image.</p>
+<p>Use <code>Line</code> or <code>Plane</code> to create an <code>interlaced
+PNG</code> or <code>GIF</code> or <code>progressive JPEG</code> image.</p>
<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
interlace</a>.</p>
@@ -4345,8 +4605,8 @@
-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
</p>
-<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
-"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
+<p>assigns an image label of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> to the
+"<code>bird.miff</code>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
@@ -4354,7 +4614,7 @@
<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or
-during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
+during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.</p>
<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
@@ -4370,7 +4630,7 @@
<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
-the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
+the optional <code>offset</code>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
sensitive to those small variations. </p>
@@ -4407,25 +4667,25 @@
<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
- '<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
+ '<code>Previous</code>' or '<code>Background</code>'. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
- <td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
+ <td valign="top">As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to the bounds of any
opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
- <td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
+ <td valign="top">As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to pixels that add
extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
- composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
+ composition method '<code>change-mask</code>', to reduce the image to
just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
</tr>
@@ -4441,7 +4701,7 @@
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">composite</td>
<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
- "<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
+ "<code>null:</code>" image, with the destination image list first, and
the source images last. An image from each list are composited
together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
image lists are removed. </td>
@@ -4465,7 +4725,7 @@
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">dispose</td>
- <td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
+ <td valign="top">This like '<code>coalesce</code>' but shows the look of
the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose"
@@ -4508,7 +4768,7 @@
<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>
- will remove the layer offset, and create a image in which all the
+ will remove the layer offset, and create an image in which all the
overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
</td>
@@ -4540,8 +4800,8 @@
<td valign="top">optimize</td>
<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
- apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
- '<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
+ apply both the '<code>optimize-frame</code>', and
+ '<code>optimize-transparency</code>' methods but may be expanded to
include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
</tr>
@@ -4561,20 +4821,20 @@
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
- <td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
+ <td valign="top">As '<code>optimize-frame</code>' but attempt to improve the
overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
- '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
+ '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. </td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
- better than the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some
+ better than the normal '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. For some
animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
animation size. </td>
</tr>
@@ -4663,25 +4923,25 @@
white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to
100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<em
class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes.
-If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
+If a <code>%</code> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a
href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the
default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
-<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
-the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to zero
-(or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to <em
+<p>In normal usage (<code>-level</code>) the image values are stretched so that
+the given '<code>black_point</code>' value in the original image is set to zero
+(or black), while the given '<code>white_point</code>' value is set to <em
class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct
-contrast adjustments to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting
+contrast adjustments to the image. The '<code>gamma</code>' of the resulting
image will then be adjusted. </p>
<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator
-(<kbd>+level</kbd>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
+(<code>+level</code>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That
is a zero, or <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.)
in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to
de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The
-'<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
+'<code>gamma</code>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
image is made. </p>
<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
@@ -4701,15 +4961,15 @@
<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the
value value for each color channel is determined by the
-'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
+'<code>black_color</code>' and '<code>white_color</code>' colors given (as
described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
-<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
+<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <code>-level-colors</code>
is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
-<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
+<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<code>+level-colors</code>)
will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
@@ -4729,14 +4989,14 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>,
-<kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choose from: <code>area</code>, <code>disk</code>, <code>file</code>,
+<code>map</code>, <code>memory</code>, <code>threads</code>, or <code>time</code>.</p>
-<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are
+<p>The value for <code>file</code> is in number of files. The other limits are
in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits
with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).<p>
-<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB
+<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 3GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 3GiB
memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the
available resources on your computer if this information is available. When
any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take
@@ -4761,16 +5021,16 @@
and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of
allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the
request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the
-<kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
+<code>area</code> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical
image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in
memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the
-<kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
+<code>memory</code> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file
is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the
-<kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
-the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are
+<code>map</code> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
+the resource request exceeds the <code>area</code> limit, the pixels are
automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program
fails.</p>
@@ -4783,11 +5043,11 @@
these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick
workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For
example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from
-the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can
-simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
+the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10MiB of memory you can
+simply set the area limit to 10MiB:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
--limit area 10mb
+-limit area 10MB
</p>
<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically
@@ -4798,17 +5058,17 @@
limit as well:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
--limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
+-limit area 10MB -limit disk 500MB
</p>
<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set
with <a href="resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the
-environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>,
-<kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>,
-<kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>,
-<kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of
+environment variables <code>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</code>,
+<code>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</code>,
+<code>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</code>,
+<code>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</code> for limits of
image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads
of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
@@ -4816,7 +5076,7 @@
their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the
pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how
resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output
-through <kbd>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
+through <code>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</code> for more readable sifting.
</p>
<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache
@@ -4839,7 +5099,7 @@
histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
-'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
+'<code>0</code>' does nothing, while a value of '<code>1</code>' does a near
perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
@@ -4888,8 +5148,8 @@
Validate VirtualPixel
</pre>
-<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
-list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
+<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<code>-list
+list</code>" to get a complete listing of all the "<code>-list</code>" arguments
available:</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
@@ -4942,10 +5202,10 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>double the size of the image with pixel art scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -4966,9 +5226,9 @@
</pre>
<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
-Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
-the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
-<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
+Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <code>list</code> as
+the type and <code>display</code> searches the list of colormap types in
+<code>top-to-bottom</code> order until one is located. See <em
class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
@@ -5022,7 +5282,7 @@
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
+<p>The default matte color is <code>#BDBDBD</code>, <span
style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -5067,15 +5327,15 @@
RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
</pre>
-<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
+<p>Control the '<code>AE</code>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
-only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
+only changed by a small amount). Use '<code>PAE</code>' to find the
size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
-'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' determines the factor needed
+'similar', while '<code>MAE</code>' determines the factor needed
for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
-<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
-('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
+<p>The '<code>MEPP</code>' metric returns three different metrics
+('<code>MAE</code>', '<code>MAE</code>' normalized, and '<code>PAE</code>'
normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
@@ -5107,10 +5367,10 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
-Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
+<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <code>Frame,
+Unframe, or Concatenate</code></p>
-<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
+<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<code>Mode</code>' argument
for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
ImageMagick installation.</p>
@@ -5145,10 +5405,9 @@
saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
-class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
-modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
-<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<code
+class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</code>' to specify which colorspace to
+modulate. Choose from <code>HCL</code>, <code>HCLp</code>, <code>HSB</code>, <code>HSI</code>, <code>HSL</code> (the default), <code>HSV</code>, <code>HWB</code>, or <code>LCH</code> (LCHuv). For example,</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
@@ -5243,9 +5502,9 @@
found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is
a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to
+<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></code> to
specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivelent
-to using a <kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</kbd> operation,
+to using a <code><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</code> operation,
which should be used in preference.</p>
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em
@@ -5262,10 +5521,12 @@
Uniform
</pre>
-<p>The amount of noise added can be controled by the <kbd><a
-href="command-line-options.html#attunuuate" >-attenuate</a></kbd> setting. If unset the value is
+<p>The amount of noise added can be controled by the <code><a
+href="command-line-options.html#attunuuate" >-attenuate</a></code> setting. If unset the value is
equivelent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p>
+<p>Note that Random will replace the image with noise rather than add noise to the image. Use Uniform, if you wish to add random noise to the image.
+
<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
@@ -5332,19 +5593,19 @@
c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
</pre>
-<p> The <kbd>threshold</kbd> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
+<p> The <code>threshold</code> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
This could be used with <em class="arg" >level</em> to do the equivalent of <a
href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
</p>
-<p>The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
+<p>The <code>checks</code> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
</p>
<p>You can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> for ordered
dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
-<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</A>
+<code>thresholds.xml</code> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</A>
for more details of configuration files. </p>
<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
@@ -5378,7 +5639,7 @@
as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
-channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
+channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</code>", for
the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
@@ -5421,7 +5682,7 @@
<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em
class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other
<em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a
-href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <code>Letter+43+43</code>).</p>
<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em
class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em
@@ -5488,19 +5749,19 @@
class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG
file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in
the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values
-that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
+that are written in the <code>MHDR</code> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the
sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to
determine its dimensions.</p>
<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a
href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower
-left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em
-class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a
+left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<code>x</code><em
+class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<code>y</code> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a
href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the
page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the
page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <em
-class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em
+class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> <em
class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left
corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
@@ -5542,6 +5803,12 @@
<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="perceptible"></a>-perceptible <em class="arg">epsilon</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set each pixel whose value is less than |<em>epsilon</em>| to <em>-epsilon</em> or <em>epsilon</em> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
</div>
@@ -5559,13 +5826,40 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
+<p>Use <code>+polaroid</code> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="poly"></a>-poly <em class="arg">"wt,exp ..."</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>combines multiple images according to a weighted sum of polynomials; one floating point weight (coefficient) and one floating point polynomial exponent (power) for each image expressed as comma separated pairs.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p> The weights should typically be fractions between -1 and 1. But the sum of weights should be 1 or at least between 0 and 1 to avoid clamping in non-hdri mode at black and white.
+
+<p>The exponents may be positive, negative or zero. A negative exponent is equivalent to 1 divided by the image raised to the corresponding positive exponent. A zero exponent always produces 1 scaled by quantumrange to white, i.e. wt*white, no matter what the image.</p>
+
+<p>The format is: output = wt1*image1^exp1 + wt2*image2^exp2 ...</p>
+
+<p>Some simple uses are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A weighted sum of each image provided all weights add to unity and all exponents=1. If the the weights are all equal to 1/(number of images), then this is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-evaluate-sequence</a> <em class="arg">mean</em>.</li>
+<br />
+<li>The sum of squares of two or more images, provided the weights are equal (and sum to 1 to avoid clamping) and the exponents equal 2.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that one may add a constant color to the expression simply by using xc:somecolor for one of the images and specifying the desired weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
+
+<p>Similarly one may add white to the expression by simply using null: (or xc:white) for one of the images with the appropriate weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels per channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>Very low values of <em class="arg">levels</em>, e.g., 2, 3, 4, have the most
+visible effect.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
@@ -5580,7 +5874,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g.
-<kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from
+<code>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</code>). Choose from
these previews:</p>
<pre class="text">
@@ -5596,7 +5890,7 @@
<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
-<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
+<p>The default preview is <code>JPEG</code>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
@@ -5610,8 +5904,8 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
-argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
+<p>The command arguments has the form <code>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
+argN"</code> where <code>module</code> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to
pass to the process module.</p>
@@ -5629,10 +5923,10 @@
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to
remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so
wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we
-remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile
-"!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
+remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <code>+profile
+"!xmp,*"</code>. </p>
-<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the
+<p>Use <code>identify -verbose</code> to find out which profiles are in the
image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and
comments).</p>
@@ -5794,6 +6088,9 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>This option causes some warnings in some image formats to be treated
+as errors. </p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
@@ -5824,6 +6121,8 @@
href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
+<p>Note, the remap image colormap has at most 8-bits of precision. Deeper color maps are automagically coalesced with other colors to meet this requirement.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
@@ -5868,18 +6167,18 @@
<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
-<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
+<p>If a <code>!</code> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
animation sequences. </p>
-<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
+<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<code>0x0</code>' forces it to
recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
-<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>page</code>' option can be used to
directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
@@ -5951,33 +6250,34 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
-height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less
-than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and
+<p>Use <code>></code> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
+height. <code><</code> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less
+than the height. For example, if you specify <code>-rotate "-90>"</code> and
the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is
-640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or
-<kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
+640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <code>></code> or
+<code><</code>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
-filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
+filled with the <code>background</code> color. </p>
<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
-'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
+'<code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>' distort method. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify / magnify the image with pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
-image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
-pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
+from the image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When
+minifying, pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped
+over). </p>
<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
-a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
+a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>point</code> (nearest
neighbour), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
@@ -5989,6 +6289,19 @@
ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
+<p>The actual sampling point is the middle of the sub-region being sampled.
+As such a single pixel sampling of an image will take the middle pixel, (or
+top-left-middle if image has even dimensions). However the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>sample:offset</code>' can be set to modify
+this position some other location within each sub-region being sampled, as
+a percentage offset.</p>
+
+<p>By default this value is '<code>50</code>' for the midpoint, but could be set
+to '<code>0</code>' for top-left, '<code>100</code>' for bottom-right, or with
+separate X and Y offsets such as '<code>0x50</code>' for left-middle edge of
+sampling sub-region.</p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
</div>
@@ -6007,13 +6320,13 @@
<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify / magnify the image with pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
-a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
+a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>box</code>. Though it is a lot
faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
@@ -6126,7 +6439,7 @@
<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose"
->-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
+>-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) as "Properties".
</p>
<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
@@ -6141,14 +6454,14 @@
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
<p>Other well known 'properties' that are availible include:
-'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
-'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
+'<code>date:create</code>' and '<code>date:modify</code>' and
+'<code>signature</code>'. </p>
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
-the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
+the '<code>page</code>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a>
-option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
+option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<code>page</code>'
attribute. </p>
<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
@@ -6156,11 +6469,11 @@
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
-example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
+example only 'properties' prefixed with "<code>filename:</code>" can be used to
modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
-<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
+<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<code>option:</code>" the setting will
be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
@@ -6173,7 +6486,7 @@
'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
-with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
+with <code>registry:</code>.</p>
<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
@@ -6195,8 +6508,6 @@
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 / <br/>
-profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png</span></p>
-<p> </p>
-
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
@@ -6224,7 +6535,7 @@
<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared
memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support,
and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension.
-Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
+Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <code>True</code>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
@@ -6293,17 +6604,27 @@
<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function
without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em>
-indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, near 0 is none, 3 is
-typical and 20 is a lot. Note that exactly zero is invalid, but 0.0001 is
-negligibly different from no change in contrast. <em
-class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant
-image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image
-contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to
-decrease the contrast.</p>
+indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, near 1 is none, 3 is
+typical and 20 is a lot. Note that exactly zero is mathematically invalid.
+</p>
-<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change, use <em
-class="arg">-sigmoidal-contrast brightnessx0%</em> to increase brightness and
-class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast brightnessx0%</em> to decrease brightness.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where the maximum change
+'slope' in contrast should fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is
+middle-gray; 100% is black). </p>
+
+<p>By default the image contrast is increased, use <em
+class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
+
+<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change (similar to
+a gamma adjustment), you would use <em class="arg">-sigmoidal-contrast
+{brightness}x0%</em> to increase brightness and <em
+class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast {brightness}x0%</em> to decrease brightness.
+Note the use of '0' fo rthe mid-point of the sigmoidal curve. </p>
+
+<p>Using a very high <em class="arg">contrast</em> will produce a sort of
+'smoothed thresholding' of the image. Not as sharp (with high aliasing
+effects) of a true threshold, but with tapered gray-levels around the threshold
+<em class="arg">mid-point</em>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
@@ -6312,16 +6633,22 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="similarity-threshold"></a>-similarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minimum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.0).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose
-dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or
-<kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a
+dimensions are unknown such as <code>GRAY</code>, <code>RGB</code>, or
+<code>CMYK</code>. In addition to width and height, use <a
href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the
-image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size
+image or tell the number of colors in a <code>MAP</code> image file, (e.g. -size
640x512+256).</p>
<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
@@ -6414,7 +6741,7 @@
<td valign="top">inverse</td>
<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
- '<kbd>shepards</kbd>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
+ '<code>shepards</code>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
average of colors. </td>
</tr>
@@ -6438,7 +6765,7 @@
<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
-logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
+logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor an image to some
default value. </p>
@@ -6506,11 +6833,9 @@
<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a red / cyan stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output
-image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses
-are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
+<p>The left side of the stereo pair (second image) is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side (first image) is saved as the green and blue channels. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
@@ -6621,7 +6946,7 @@
position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
-reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
+reported. Note that this may or may not be a perfect match, and the actual
brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
possible matching locations. </p>
@@ -6654,6 +6979,8 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized to disk. There is a performance penalty, but the benefit include ensuring a valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there is not anout disk space for the image pixel cache.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
</div>
@@ -6670,8 +6997,8 @@
formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or
-OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and
-<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
+OPTION1 font. For example, <code>Courier.ttf</code> is a TrueType font and
+<code>x:fixed</code> is OPTION1.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
@@ -6699,7 +7026,7 @@
value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer,
the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels
are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the
-<kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
+<code>quantum depth</code> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable
recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as
a percentage. </p>
@@ -6763,7 +7090,7 @@
<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile"
>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for
-creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input
+creating a tiled canvas using <code>TILE:</code> or <code>PATTERN:</code> input
formats. </p>
<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image
@@ -6799,8 +7126,8 @@
-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
</p>
-<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image
-titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
+<p>produces an image title of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> for an image
+titled <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -6814,7 +7141,7 @@
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
-href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<code>AffineProjection</code>' method. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -6835,8 +7162,8 @@
href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
-that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
->-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
+that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
+>-alpha</a> set</code>", and does not require you to modify the <a
href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
@@ -6864,7 +7191,7 @@
transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
type. </p>
-<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
+<p>The default transparent color is <code>#00000000</code>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
@@ -6872,14 +7199,14 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
+<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <code>-flip -rotate 90</code>.
</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <code>-flop -rotate 90</code>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -6927,10 +7254,10 @@
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
- <p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>,
-<kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>,
-<kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>,
-<kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
+ <p>Choose from: <code>Bilevel</code>,
+<code>Grayscale</code>, <code>GrayscaleMatte</code>, <code>Palette</code>,
+<code>PaletteMatte</code>, <code>TrueColor</code>, <code>TrueColorMatte</code>,
+<code>ColorSeparation</code>, or <code>ColorSeparationMatte</code>.</p>
<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and
truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a
@@ -6963,7 +7290,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently
-displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that
+displayed is over-written. <code>display</code> will automagically detect that
the input file has been changed and update the displayed image
accordingly.</p>
@@ -6981,13 +7308,13 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or
-<kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction
+<p>Choose from: <code>Undefined</code>, <code>PixelsPerInch</code>, or
+<code>PixelsPerCentimeter</code>. This option is normally used in conjunction
with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
+ <h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+gain</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
@@ -7003,7 +7330,7 @@
radius The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
pixel (default 0).
sigma The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
- amount The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
+ gain The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
threshold The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
difference amount (default 0.05).
@@ -7016,7 +7343,7 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option
precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or
-<kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<code>info:</code>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
@@ -7194,12 +7521,12 @@
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd>
+<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <code>root</code>
to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If
-<kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
-image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd>
+<code>backdrop</code> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
+image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <code>X RESOURCES</code>
for details.</p>
<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
@@ -7223,15 +7550,15 @@
</div>
</div>
-
-
</div>
<div id="linkbar">
<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
+
<span id="linkbar-center">
- <a href="../discourse-server">Discourse Server</a> •
- <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
+ <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
+ <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a> •
+ <a href="http://jqmagick.imagemagick.org/">JqMagick</a>
</span>
<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
</div>
@@ -7240,16 +7567,5 @@
<span id="footer-east"> <a href="contact.html">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
</div>
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