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cristy | dcca3fa | 2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 200 | <h1>ImageMagick Image Composition</h1> |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | <p>This page descibed the Image composition methods that is used to define how |
| 202 | two images should be merged together in various image operations. For the |
| 203 | Command Line API it is typically set using the <A |
| 204 | HREF="../www/command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</A> setting option. </p> |
| 205 | |
| 206 | |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 207 | <p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow |
| 208 | the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are |
| 209 | specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented |
| 210 | by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The |
| 211 | build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral |
| 212 | value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of |
| 213 | the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is |
| 214 | enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to |
| 215 | <em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel |
| 216 | color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte |
| 217 | channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The |
| 218 | color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent |
| 219 | pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p> |
| 220 | |
| 221 | <p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of |
| 222 | equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a |
| 223 | visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the |
| 224 | alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the |
| 225 | pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as |
| 226 | transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and |
| 227 | transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The |
| 228 | description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in |
| 229 | order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it |
| 230 | is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no |
| 231 | means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous |
| 232 | floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p> |
| 233 | |
| 234 | <p>The following alpha blending (Duff-Porter) compose methods are available:</p> |
| 235 | |
| 236 | <table class="doc"> |
| 237 | <tbody> |
| 238 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 239 | <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th> |
| 240 | <th align="left">Description</th> |
| 241 | </tr> |
| 242 | |
| 243 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 244 | <td valign="top">clear</td> |
| 245 | <td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are |
| 246 | cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used (except for |
| 247 | destinations size and other meta-data which is always preserved.</td> |
| 248 | </tr> |
| 249 | |
| 250 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 251 | <td valign="top">src</td> |
| 252 | <td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination |
| 253 | is not used as input, though it is cleared.</td> |
| 254 | </tr> |
| 255 | |
| 256 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 257 | <td valign="top">dst</td> |
| 258 | <td valign="top">The destination is left untouched. The source image is |
| 259 | completely ignored.</td> |
| 260 | </tr> |
| 261 | |
| 262 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 263 | <td valign="top">src-over</td> |
| 264 | <td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination. this is |
| 265 | the default alpha blending compose method, when neither the compose |
| 266 | setting is set, nor is set in the image meta-data.</td> |
| 267 | </tr> |
| 268 | |
| 269 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 270 | <td valign="top">dst-over</td> |
| 271 | <td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the |
| 272 | result replaces the destination.</td> |
| 273 | </tr> |
| 274 | |
| 275 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 276 | <td valign="top">src-in</td> |
| 277 | <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination |
| 278 | replaces the destination.</td> |
| 279 | </tr> |
| 280 | |
| 281 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 282 | <td valign="top">dst-in</td> |
| 283 | <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source |
| 284 | replaces the destination. Areas not overlaid are cleared.</td> |
| 285 | </tr> |
| 286 | |
| 287 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 288 | <td valign="top">src-out</td> |
| 289 | <td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination |
| 290 | replaces the destination.</td> |
| 291 | </tr> |
| 292 | |
| 293 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 294 | <td valign="top">dst-out</td> |
| 295 | <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source |
| 296 | replaces the destination.</td> |
| 297 | </tr> |
| 298 | |
| 299 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 300 | <td valign="top">src-atop</td> |
| 301 | <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is |
| 302 | composited onto the destination.</td> |
| 303 | </tr> |
| 304 | |
| 305 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 306 | <td valign="top">dst-atop</td> |
| 307 | <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is |
| 308 | composited over the source and replaces the destination. Areas not |
| 309 | overlaid are cleared. </td> |
| 310 | </tr> |
| 311 | |
| 312 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 313 | <td valign="top">xor</td> |
| 314 | <td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the |
| 315 | destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies |
| 316 | outside of the source. Source or Destination, but not both. </td> |
| 317 | </tr> |
| 318 | |
| 319 | </tbody> |
| 320 | </table> |
| 321 | |
| 322 | <p>Any of the 'Src-*' methods can also be specified without the 'Src-' part. |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 323 | For example the default compose method can be specified as just 'Over'.</p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 324 | |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 325 | <p>Many of these compose methods will clear the destination image which was |
| 326 | not overlaid by the source image. This is to be expected as part of that |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 327 | specific composition methods defintion. You can disable this by setting the |
| 328 | special <A HREF="../www/command-line-options.html#define" |
| 329 | >-define</A> 'compose:outside-overlay' to a value of 'false' will turn off |
| 330 | this behaviour. </p> |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 331 | |
| 332 | <p>On top of the above 12 Duff-Porter Alpha Composition methods, one special |
cristy | baacd17 | 2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 333 | related method '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' has been provided. This is equivalent to |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 334 | using the '<kbd>Src</kbd>' with the special <A HREF="../www/command-line-options.html#define" |
| 335 | >-define</A> option '<kbd>compose:outside-overlay</kbd>' set to |
| 336 | '<kbd>false</kbd>', so as to only modify the overlaid area, without clearing |
| 337 | the rest of the image outside the overlaid area. </p> |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 338 | |
| 339 | <br><br> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 340 | |
| 341 | <p>The following mathemathical composition methods are also available. </p> |
| 342 | |
| 343 | <table class="doc"> |
| 344 | <tbody> |
| 345 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 346 | <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th> |
| 347 | <th align="left">Description</th> |
| 348 | </tr> |
| 349 | |
| 350 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 351 | <td valign="top">multiply</td> |
| 352 | <td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces |
| 353 | the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as |
| 354 | either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black |
| 355 | produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original |
| 356 | color unchanged.</td> |
| 357 | </tr> |
| 358 | |
| 359 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 360 | <td valign="top">screen</td> |
| 361 | <td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then |
| 362 | multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is |
| 363 | always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors. |
| 364 | Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color |
| 365 | with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td> |
| 366 | </tr> |
| 367 | |
| 368 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 369 | <td valign="top">plus</td> |
| 370 | <td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the |
| 371 | destination. This operator is useful for averaging or a controled |
| 372 | merger of two images, rather than a direct overlay.</td> |
| 373 | </tr> |
| 374 | |
| 375 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 376 | <td valign="top">add</td> |
| 377 | <td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte |
| 378 | values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain |
| 379 | transparent. </td> |
| 380 | </tr> |
| 381 | |
| 382 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 383 | <td valign="top">minus</td> |
| 384 | <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the |
| 385 | destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas is |
| 386 | subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td> |
| 387 | </tr> |
| 388 | |
| 389 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 390 | <td valign="top">subtract</td> |
| 391 | <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the |
| 392 | destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are |
| 393 | subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in |
| 394 | the destination image. </td> |
| 395 | </tr> |
| 396 | |
| 397 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 398 | <td valign="top">difference</td> |
| 399 | <td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from |
| 400 | the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color. |
| 401 | Painting with black produces no change.</td> |
| 402 | </tr> |
| 403 | |
| 404 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 405 | <td valign="top">exclusion</td> |
| 406 | <td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but |
| 407 | appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the |
| 408 | destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td> |
| 409 | </tr> |
| 410 | |
| 411 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 412 | <td valign="top">darken</td> |
| 413 | <td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors. |
| 414 | The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker, |
| 415 | otherwise it is left unchanged.</td> |
| 416 | </tr> |
| 417 | |
| 418 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 419 | <td valign="top">lighten</td> |
| 420 | <td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors. |
| 421 | The destination is replaced with the source when the source is |
| 422 | lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged. </td> |
| 423 | </tr> |
| 424 | |
| 425 | </tbody> |
| 426 | </table> |
| 427 | |
| 428 | <p>Typically these use the default 'Over' alpha blending when transparencies |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 429 | are also involved, except for 'Plus' which uses a 'plus' alpha blending. This |
| 430 | means the alpha channel of both images will only be used to ensure that any |
| 431 | visible input remains visible even in parts not overlaid. It also means that |
| 432 | any values are weighted by the alpha channel of the input and output images. |
| 433 | This 'Over' alpha blending is also applied to the lighting composition methods |
| 434 | below. </p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 435 | |
| 436 | <p>As of IM v6.6.1-6, if the special '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag is not specified |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 437 | (enabled by default) with the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel" |
| 438 | >-channel</a> setting, then the above mathematical compositions will nolonger |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 439 | syncronise its actions with the alpha channel. Instead the math composition |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 440 | will be applied on an individual channel basis as defined by the <a |
| 441 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel" |
| 442 | >-channel</a>. This includes the alpha channel. This special usage |
| 443 | allows you to perform true mathematics of the image channels, without alpha |
| 444 | compostion effects, becomming involved. </p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 445 | |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 446 | <p>This special flag is not applied to the lighting composition methods (see |
| 447 | below) even though they are closely related to mathematical composition |
| 448 | methods.</p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 449 | |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 450 | <br><br> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 451 | |
| 452 | <p>The following lighting composition methods are also available. </p> |
| 453 | |
| 454 | <table class="doc"> |
| 455 | <tbody> |
| 456 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 457 | <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th> |
| 458 | <th align="left">Description</th> |
| 459 | </tr> |
| 460 | |
| 461 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 462 | <td valign="top">linear-dodge</td> |
cristy | baacd17 | 2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 463 | <td valign="top">This is equivalent to 'Plus' in that the color channels |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 464 | are simply added, however it does not 'Plus' the alpha channel, but |
| 465 | uses the normal 'Over' alpha blending, which transparencies are |
| 466 | involved. Produces a sort of additive multiply-like result. Added |
| 467 | ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 468 | </tr> |
| 469 | |
| 470 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 471 | <td valign="top">linear-burn</td> |
| 472 | <td valign="top">As 'Linear-Dodge', but also subtract one from the result. |
| 473 | Sort of a additive 'Screen' of the images. Added ImageMagick version |
| 474 | 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 475 | </tr> |
| 476 | |
| 477 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 478 | <td valign="top">color-dodge</td> |
| 479 | <td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source |
| 480 | color. Painting with black produces no change.</td> |
| 481 | </tr> |
| 482 | |
| 483 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 484 | <td valign="top">color-burn</td> |
| 485 | <td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source |
| 486 | color. Painting with white produces no change. Fixed in ImageMagick |
| 487 | version 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 488 | </tr> |
| 489 | |
| 490 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 491 | <td valign="top">overlay</td> |
| 492 | <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the |
| 493 | destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst |
| 494 | preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not |
| 495 | replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness |
| 496 | or darkness of the destination.</td> |
| 497 | </tr> |
| 498 | |
| 499 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 500 | <td valign="top">hard-light</td> |
| 501 | <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source |
| 502 | color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination |
| 503 | is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker |
| 504 | than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The |
| 505 | degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference |
| 506 | between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the |
| 507 | destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces |
| 508 | black or white.</td> |
| 509 | </tr> |
| 510 | |
| 511 | |
| 512 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 513 | <td valign="top">linear-light</td> |
| 514 | <td valign="top">Like 'Hard-Light' but using linear-dodge and linear-burn |
| 515 | instead. Increases contrast slightly with an impact on the |
| 516 | foreground's tonal values.</td> |
| 517 | </tr> |
| 518 | |
| 519 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 520 | <td valign="top">soft-light</td> |
| 521 | <td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source |
| 522 | color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination |
| 523 | is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination |
| 524 | is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or |
| 525 | lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color |
| 526 | and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting |
| 527 | with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area, |
| 528 | but does not result in pure black or white. Fixed in ImageMagick |
| 529 | version 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 530 | </tr> |
| 531 | |
| 532 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 533 | <td valign="top">pegtop-light</td> |
cristy | baacd17 | 2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 534 | <td valign="top">Almost equivalent to 'Soft-Light', but using a |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 535 | continuious mathematical formula rather than two conditionally |
| 536 | selected formulae. Added ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 537 | </tr> |
| 538 | |
| 539 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 540 | <td valign="top">vivid-light</td> |
| 541 | <td valign="top">A modified 'Linear-Light' designed to preserve very stong |
| 542 | primary and secondary colors in the image. Added ImageMagick version |
| 543 | 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 544 | </tr> |
| 545 | |
| 546 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 547 | <td valign="top">pin-light</td> |
| 548 | <td valign="top">Similar to 'Hard-Light', but using sharp linear shadings, |
| 549 | to similate the effects of a strong 'pinhole' light source. Added |
| 550 | ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td> |
| 551 | </tr> |
| 552 | |
| 553 | </tbody> |
| 554 | </table> |
| 555 | |
| 556 | |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 557 | <br><br> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 558 | |
| 559 | <p>Also included are these special purpose compose methods:</p> |
| 560 | |
| 561 | <table class="doc"> |
| 562 | <tbody> |
| 563 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 564 | <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th> |
| 565 | <th align="left">Description</th> |
| 566 | </tr> |
| 567 | |
| 568 | <tr valign="top"> |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 569 | <td valign="top">copy</td> |
cristy | baacd17 | 2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 570 | <td valign="top">This is equivalent to the Duff-Porter composition method |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 571 | '<kbd>Src,</kbd>' but without clearing the parts of the destination |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 572 | image that is not overlaid. </td> |
| 573 | </tr> |
| 574 | |
| 575 | <tr valign="top"> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 576 | <td valign="top">copy-*</td> |
| 577 | <td valign="top">Copy the specified channel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, |
| 578 | Magenta, Yellow, Black, or Opacity) in the source image to the |
| 579 | same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified |
| 580 | does not exist in the source image, (which can only happen for methods, |
| 581 | '<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is |
| 582 | assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 583 | of the values that is to be copied. </td> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 584 | </tr> |
| 585 | |
| 586 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 587 | <td valign="top">change-mask</td> |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 588 | <td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the |
| 589 | source images pixel (as defined by the current <a |
| 590 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. |
| 591 | </td> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | </tr> |
| 593 | </tbody> |
| 594 | </table> |
| 595 | |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 596 | <br><br> |
| 597 | |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 598 | <p>On top of these composed methods are a few special ones that not only require |
| 599 | the two images that are being merged or overlaid, but have some extra numerical |
| 600 | arguments, which are tabled below. </p> |
| 601 | |
| 602 | <p>In the "<code>composite</code>" command these composition methods are |
| 603 | selected using special options with the arguments needed. They are usually, |
| 604 | but not always, the same name as the composte 'method' they use, and replaces |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 605 | the normal use of the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> |
| 606 | setting in the "<code>composite</code>" command. For example... </p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 607 | |
| 608 | <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>composite ... -blend 50x50 ...</span></p> |
| 609 | <p>As of IM v6.5.3-4 the "<code>convert</code>" command can now also supply |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 610 | these extra arguments to its <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#composite" |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 611 | >-composite</a> operator, using the special <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> |
| 612 | attribute of '<kbd class="arg">compose:args</kbd>'. This means you can now |
| 613 | make use of these special argumented <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#compose" |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 614 | >-compose</a> methods, those the argument and the method both need to be set |
| 615 | separatally. For example... </p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 616 | |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 617 | <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... -compose blend -define compose:args=50,50 -composite ...</span></p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 618 | <p>The following is a table of these special 'argumented' compose methods, |
| 619 | with a brief summary of what they do. For more details see the equivalent |
| 620 | "composite" command option name. </p> |
| 621 | |
| 622 | <table class="doc"> |
| 623 | <tbody> |
| 624 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 625 | <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th> |
| 626 | <th align="left">Description</th> |
| 627 | </tr> |
| 628 | |
| 629 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 630 | <td valign="top">dissolve</td> |
| 631 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 632 | <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>] |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 633 | <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissolve">-dissolve</a> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 634 | <br>Dissolve the 'source' image by the percentage given before overlaying |
| 635 | 'over' the 'destination' image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em> is |
| 636 | greater than 100, it starts dissolving the main image so it will |
| 637 | become transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If |
| 638 | both percentages are given, each image are dissolved to the |
| 639 | percentages given. |
| 640 | </td> |
| 641 | </tr> |
| 642 | |
| 643 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 644 | <td valign="top">blend</td> |
| 645 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 646 | <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>] |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 647 | <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a |
| 648 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 649 | <br>Average the images together ('plus') according to the percentages |
| 650 | given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage value |
| 651 | is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while |
| 652 | the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is |
| 653 | a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of |
| 654 | the 'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend |
| 655 | 30x70</kbd>. |
| 656 | </td> |
| 657 | </tr> |
| 658 | |
| 659 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 660 | <td valign="top">mathematics</td> |
| 661 | <td valign="top">Arguments: <em class="arg">A, B, C, D</em> |
| 662 | <br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time. |
| 663 | <br>Merge the source and destination images according to the formula |
| 664 | <br> <code>A*Sc*Dc + B*Sc + C*Dc + D</code> |
| 665 | <br>Can be used to generate a custom composition method that would |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 666 | otherwise need to be implemented using the slow <a |
| 667 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a> DIY image operator. Added |
| 668 | to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 669 | <br>As of IM v6.6.1-6 this method will do per-channel math compositions |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 670 | if the 'Sync' flag is removed from <a |
| 671 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>, just like all |
| 672 | the other mathematical compostion methods above. |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 673 | </td> |
| 674 | </tr> |
| 675 | |
| 676 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 677 | <td valign="top">modulate</td> |
| 678 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 679 | <em class="arg">brightness</em>[x<em class="arg">saturation</em>] |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 680 | <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">-watermark</a> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 681 | <br>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination |
| 682 | image's brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and |
| 683 | the <em class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations |
| 684 | color saturation attribute is just direct modified by the <em |
| 685 | class="arg">saturation</em> percentage, which defaults to 100 percent |
| 686 | (no color change). |
| 687 | |
| 688 | </td> |
| 689 | </tr> |
| 690 | |
| 691 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 692 | <td valign="top">displace</td> |
| 693 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 694 | <em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em>][!][%] |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 695 | <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#displace">-displace</a> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 696 | <br>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' |
| 697 | image, is used as a relative displacement map, which is used to |
| 698 | displace the lookup of what part of the destination image is seen at |
| 699 | each point of the overlaid area. Much like the displacement map is a |
| 700 | 'lens' that distorts the original 'background' image behind it. |
| 701 | <br><br> |
| 702 | The X-scale is modilated by the 'red' channel of the overlay image |
| 703 | while the Y-scale is modulated by the green channel, (the mask image |
| 704 | if given is rolled into green channel of the overlay image. This |
| 705 | separation allows you to modulate the X and Y lookup displacement |
| 706 | separatally allowing you to di 2 dimentional displacements, rather |
| 707 | than 1 dimentional verctored displacements (using grayscale image). |
| 708 | <br><br> |
| 709 | If the overlay image contains transparency this is used as a mask |
| 710 | of the resulting image to remove 'invalid' pixels. |
| 711 | <br><br> |
| 712 | The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the |
| 713 | overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches |
| 714 | percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead. |
| 715 | <br><br> |
| 716 | Special flags were added Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5. |
| 717 | </td> |
| 718 | </tr> |
| 719 | |
| 720 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 721 | <td valign="top">distort</td> |
| 722 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 723 | <em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em |
| 724 | >[+<em class="arg">X-center</em>+<em class="arg">Y-center</em>]][!][%] |
| 725 | <br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time. |
| 726 | <br>Exactly as per 'Displace' (above), but using absolute coordinates, |
| 727 | relative to the center of the overlay (or that given). Basically |
| 728 | allows you to generate absolute distortion maps where 'black' will |
| 729 | look up the left/top edge, and 'white' looks up the bottom/right |
| 730 | edge of the destination image, according to the scale given. |
| 731 | <br><br> |
| 732 | The '!' flag not only switches percentage scaling, to use the |
| 733 | destination image, but also the image the center offset of the lookup. |
| 734 | This means the overlay can lookup a completely different region of the |
| 735 | destination image. |
| 736 | <br><br> |
| 737 | Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5. |
| 738 | </td> |
| 739 | </tr> |
| 740 | |
| 741 | <tr valign="top"> |
| 742 | <td valign="top">blur</td> |
| 743 | <td valign="top">Arguments: |
| 744 | <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 745 | >[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>][+<em class="arg">Angle2</em>]] |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 746 | <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blur-composite">-blur</a> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 747 | <br>A Variable Blur Mapping Composition method, where each pixel in the |
| 748 | overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA), |
| 749 | with an ellipse (typically a circle) of the given sigma size, scaled |
| 750 | according to overlay (source image) grayscale mapping. |
| 751 | <br><br> |
| 752 | As per 'Displace' and 'Distort', the red channel will modulate the |
| 753 | width of the ellipse, while the green channel will modulate the height |
cristy | 075ad25 | 2010-10-30 21:56:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 754 | of the ellipse. If a single Angle value is given in the arguments, |
| 755 | then the ellipse will then be rotated by the angle specifed. |
| 756 | <br><br> |
| 757 | Normally the blue channel of the mapping overlay image is ignored. |
| 758 | However if a second ellipse angle is given, then it is assumed that |
| 759 | the blue channel defines a variable angle for the ellipse ranging from |
| 760 | the first angle to the second angle given. This allows to generate |
| 761 | radial blurs, or a rough approximation for rotational blur. Or any mix |
| 762 | of the two. |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 763 | <br><br> |
| 764 | Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-0. |
| 765 | </td> |
| 766 | </tr> |
| 767 | |
| 768 | </tbody> |
| 769 | </table> |
| 770 | |
| 771 | <p>To print a complete list of all the available compose operators, use <a |
cristy | abd337d | 2010-08-17 01:06:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 772 | href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">-list compose</a>.</p> |
cristy | bc9539a | 2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 773 | |
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