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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / platform / external / ImageMagick / 10549a11ac96d6a1de2253ac8189c29b01428f44 / . / www / motion-picture.html
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197
198<div class="main">
199
cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000[diff] [blame]200<h1>ImageMagick Motion Picture Formats</h1>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]201<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
202
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]203<h2><a id="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]204<div class="doc-section">
205
206<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
207
208<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
209
210<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
211
212<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
213
214<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
215
216<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
217
218</div>
219
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]220<h2><a id="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]221<div class="doc-section">
222
223<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
224
225<p class="image">
226 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
227 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
228</p>
229
230<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
231
232<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
233
234<p class="image">
235 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
236 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
237</p>
238
239</div>
240
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]241<h2><a id="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]242<div class="doc-section">
243
244<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
245
246<pre class="text">
247 dpx:file.copyright
248 dpx:file.creator
249 dpx:file.filename
250 dpx:file.project
251 dpx:file.version
252 dpx:film.count
253 dpx:film.format
254 dpx:film.frame_id
255 dpx:film.frame_position
256 dpx:film.frame_rate
257 dpx:film.held_count
258 dpx:film.id
259 dpx:film.offset
260 dpx:film.prefix
261 dpx:film.sequence_length
262 dpx:film.shutter_angle
263 dpx:film.slate
264 dpx:film.type
265 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
266 dpx:orientation.border
267 dpx:orientation.device
268 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000[diff] [blame]269 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]270 dpx:orientation.x_center
271 dpx:orientation.x_offset
272 dpx:orientation.x_size
273 dpx:orientation.y_center
274 dpx:orientation.y_offset
275 dpx:orientation.y_size
276 dpx:television.black_gain
277 dpx:television.black_level
278 dpx:television.break_point
279 dpx:television.field_number
280 dpx:television.frame_rate
281 dpx:television.gamma
282 dpx:television.integration_times
283 dpx:television.interlace
284 dpx:television.padding
285 dpx:television.time.code
286 dpx:television.time_offset
287 dpx:television.user.bits
288 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
289 dpx:television.video_signal
290 dpx:television.white_level
291 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]292 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]293</pre>
294
295<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
296
297<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
298<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
299
300<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
301<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
302
303<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
304</div>
305
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]306<h2><a id="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]307<div class="doc-section">
308
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]309<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]310</p>
311
312 <div>
313 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
314
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]315 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
316
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]317 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
318
319 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]320
321 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]322 </div>
323
324</div>
325
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]326
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328
329<div id="linkbar">
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337 <div class="footer">
cristy7e41fe82010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000[diff] [blame]338 <span id="footer-west">&copy; 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
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