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193
cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000[diff] [blame]194<h1>ImageMagick Motion Picture Formats</h1>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]195<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
196
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]197<h2><a id="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]198<div class="doc-section">
199
200<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
201
202<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
203
204<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
205
206<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
207
208<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
209
210<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
211
212</div>
213
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]214<h2><a id="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]215<div class="doc-section">
216
217<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
218
219<p class="image">
220 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
221 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
222</p>
223
224<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
225
226<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
227
228<p class="image">
229 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
230 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
231</p>
232
233</div>
234
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]235<h2><a id="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]236<div class="doc-section">
237
238<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
239
240<pre class="text">
241 dpx:file.copyright
242 dpx:file.creator
243 dpx:file.filename
244 dpx:file.project
245 dpx:file.version
246 dpx:film.count
247 dpx:film.format
248 dpx:film.frame_id
249 dpx:film.frame_position
250 dpx:film.frame_rate
251 dpx:film.held_count
252 dpx:film.id
253 dpx:film.offset
254 dpx:film.prefix
255 dpx:film.sequence_length
256 dpx:film.shutter_angle
257 dpx:film.slate
258 dpx:film.type
259 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
260 dpx:orientation.border
261 dpx:orientation.device
262 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000[diff] [blame]263 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]264 dpx:orientation.x_center
265 dpx:orientation.x_offset
266 dpx:orientation.x_size
267 dpx:orientation.y_center
268 dpx:orientation.y_offset
269 dpx:orientation.y_size
270 dpx:television.black_gain
271 dpx:television.black_level
272 dpx:television.break_point
273 dpx:television.field_number
274 dpx:television.frame_rate
275 dpx:television.gamma
276 dpx:television.integration_times
277 dpx:television.interlace
278 dpx:television.padding
279 dpx:television.time.code
280 dpx:television.time_offset
281 dpx:television.user.bits
282 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
283 dpx:television.video_signal
284 dpx:television.white_level
285 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]286 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]287</pre>
288
289<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
290
291<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
292<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
293
294<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
295<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
296
297<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
298</div>
299
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]300<h2><a id="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]301<div class="doc-section">
302
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]303<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]304</p>
305
306 <div>
307 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
308
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]309 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
310
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]311 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
312
313 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]314
315 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]316 </div>
317
318</div>
319
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]320
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