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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
				6	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7	<html version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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				9	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
				10	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	12	<head>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	13	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
				14	<meta name="verify-v1" content="g222frIIxcQTrvDR3NBRUSKP3AnMNoqxOkIniCEkV7U="/>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	15	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	16	<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"/>
				17	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
				18	<meta http-equiv="Reply-to" content="magick-users@imagemagick.org"/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	19	<meta name="Application-name" content="ImageMagick"/>
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	20	<meta name="Description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images."/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	21	<meta name="Application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	22	<meta name="Generator" content="PHP"/>
				23	<meta name="Keywords" content="command-line, options, ImageMagick, ImageMagic, MagickCore, MagickWand, PerlMagick, Magick++, RMagick, PythonMagick, JMagick, TclMagick, Image, Magick, Magic, Wand, ImageMagickObject, Swiss, Army, Knife, Image, Processing"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	24	<meta name="Rating" content="GENERAL"/>
				25	<meta name="Robots" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/>
				26	<meta name="Generator" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
				27	<meta name="Author" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
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cristy	7e41fe8	2010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	30	<meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	31	<meta name="Distribution" content="Global"/>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	32	<link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	33	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
				34	<link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
cristy	7a40ba8	2011-01-08 20:31:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	35	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.google.com/cse/style/look/default.css" type="text/css" />
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	36	<style type="text/css" media="all">
				37	@import url("../www/magick.css");
				38	</style>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	39	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
cristy	361f466	2010-12-31 23:02:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	40	<script type="text/javascript" src="../fancybox/jquery.fancybox-1.3.4.pack.js"></script>
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				45	'transitionIn' : 'elastic',
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	52	</head>
				53
				54	<body id="www-imagemagick-org">
				55	<div class="titlebar">
				56	<a href="../index.html">
				57	<img src="../images/script.png" alt="[ImageMagick]"
				58	style="width: 350px; height: 60px; margin: 28px auto; float: left;" /></a>
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				60	<img src="../images/networkredux.png" alt="[sponsor]"
cristy	5292344	2011-01-15 22:54:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	61	style="margin-top: 42px; border: 0px; float: left;" /></a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	62	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	63	<img src="../images/logo.jpg"
				64	alt="ImageMagick Logo"
cristy	178edaf	2011-01-23 03:42:39 +0000	[diff] [blame]	65	style="width: 123px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	66	<a href="../index.html">
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	67	<img src="../images/sprite.jpg"
				68	alt="ImageMagick Sprite"
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	69	style="width: 114px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
				70	</div>
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cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	72	<div class="westbar">
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	73
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	74	<div class="menu">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	75	<a title="About ImageMagick" href="../index.html">About ImageMagick</a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	76	</div>
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cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	98	<a title="Command-line Tools: Processing" href="../www/command-line-processing.html">Processing</a>
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cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	101	<a title="Command-line Tools: Options" href="../www/command-line-options.html">Options</a>
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cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	111	</div>
				112	<div class="sub">
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				135	<a title="Architecture" href="../www/architecture.html">Architecture</a>
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	140	<div class="sep"></div>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	141	<div class="menu">
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	183
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				199
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	200	<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	201	<p class="navigation-index">
cristy	2d67ddd	2011-02-13 15:38:23 +0000	[diff] [blame]	202	[ <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	203
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	204	<div class="doc-section">
				205
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	206	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				207	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				208	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				209	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	210	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	211
				212	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	213	<h4><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	214	</div>
				215
				216	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	217	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				218
				219	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	220	<h4><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	221	</div>
				222
				223	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				224
				225	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				226
				227	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	228	<h4><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	229	</div>
				230
				231	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				232
				233	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				234
				235	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	236	<h4><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	237	</div>
				238
				239	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				240
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	241	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				242	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				243	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				244	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				245	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				246	adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				247	make distinct names for each image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	248
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	249	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				250	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				251	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	252
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	253	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				254	automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				255	where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				256	strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those
				257	who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an
				258	example, the command</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	259
				260	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	261	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				262	<a href="#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				263	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	264
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	265	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				266	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...
				267	<ol>
				268	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				269	<li>the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or
				270	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				271	filename.
				272	</ol></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	273
				274
				275	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	276	<h4><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				277	<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em
				278	class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>[,<em
				279	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>]
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	280	</div>
				281
				282	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				283
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	284	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				285	href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	286
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	287	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				288	quotes or without spaces. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	289
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	290	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				291	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				292	coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at
				293	position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original
				294	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	295
				296	<div class="eqn">
				297	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				298	</div>
				299
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	300	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				301	contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em
				302	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				303	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				304	image area are cut off.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	305
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	306	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				307	system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions
				308	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	309
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	310	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
				311	class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
				312	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	313
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	314	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
				315	class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions,
				316	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				317
				318	<p>See <a href="#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				319	href="#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
				320	information </p>
				321
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	322
				323	<p class="crtsnip">
				324	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				325	</p>
				326
				327	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				328
				329	<p class="crtsnip">
				330	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				331	</p>
				332
				333	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				334	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				335
				336	<p class="crtsnip">
				337	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				338	</p>
				339
				340	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				341
				342	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				343
				344	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	345	<h4><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	346	</div>
				347
				348	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				349
				350	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				351	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				352
				353
				354	<table class="doc">
				355	<tbody>
				356	<tr valign="top">
				357	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				358	<th align="left">Description</th>
				359	</tr>
				360
				361	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	362	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	363	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	364	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				365	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				366	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				367	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	368
				369	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	370	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	371	<td valign="top">
				372	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	373	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	374
				375	<tr valign="top">
				376	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				377	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	378	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				379	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				380	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	381
				382	<tr valign="top">
				383	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				384	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	385	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				386	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	387
				388	<tr valign="top">
				389	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				390	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	391	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	392	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				393	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				394	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	395
				396	<tr valign="top">
				397	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				398	<td valign="top">
				399	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	400	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				401	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				402	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				403	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	404
				405	<tr valign="top">
				406	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				407	<td valign="top">
				408	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	409	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				410	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				411	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	412
				413	<tr valign="top">
				414	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				415	<td valign="top">
				416	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	417	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				418	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	419	</td></tr>
				420
				421	<tr valign="top">
				422	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				423	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	424	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				425	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				426	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				427	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	428	</td></tr>
				429	</tbody>
				430	</table>
				431
				432	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	433	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	434	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	435	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	436
				437
				438	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	439	<h4><a id="annotate"></a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	440	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				441	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				442	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				443	</div>
				444
				445	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				446
				447	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				448
				449
				450	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				451
				452	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				453
				454	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				455	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				456
				457	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				458
				459	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				460
				461	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	462	<h4><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	463	</div>
				464
				465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				466	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				467
				468	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				469	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				470	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				471	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	472	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	473
				474	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	475	<h4><a id="append"></a>-append</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	476	</div>
				477
				478	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				479
				480	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				481	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				482	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				483
				484	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				485	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	486	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	487	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				488
				489
				490	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	491	<h4><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	492	</div>
				493
				494	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				495
				496
				497	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	498	<h4><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	499	</div>
				500
				501	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				502
				503	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				504
				505	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				506
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	507
				508
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	509	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	510	<h4><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	511	</div>
				512
				513	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				514
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	515	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				516	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				517	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				518
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	519	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	520
				521	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				522	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	523	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	524	</p>
				525
				526	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	527	'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	528	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	529	>-channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', channels are modified
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	530	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				531
				532
				533
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	534	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	535	<h4><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	536	</div>
				537
				538	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				539
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	540	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	541	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	542	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				543	values. </p>
				544
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	545	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	546	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				547	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				548	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				549	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				550	defined images. </p>
				551
				552	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				553	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				554	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				555	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	556	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	557
				558	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	559	special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	560	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	561	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
				562	'<em>sync</em>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	563	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				564	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	565
				566
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	567	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	568	<h4><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	569	</div>
				570
				571	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				572
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	573	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				574	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				575	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				576
				577	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				578	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				579	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				580	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				581	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				582	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				583
				584
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	585	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	586	<h4><a id="average"></a>-average</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	587	</div>
				588
				589	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				590
				591	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				592
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	593
				594	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	595	<h4><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	596	</div>
				597
				598	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				599
				600	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				601
				602	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	603	<h4><a id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	604	</div>
				605
				606	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				607
				608	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				609
				610	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	611	<h4><a id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	612	</div>
				613
				614	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				615
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	616	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	617
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	618	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				619	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	620
				621	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	622	<h4><a id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	623	</div>
				624
				625	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				626
				627	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				628
				629	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				630
				631	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				632	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				633	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				634
				635	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	636	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	637	</p>
				638
				639	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	640	<h4><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	641	</div>
				642
				643	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				644
				645	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	646	<h4><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	647	</div>
				648
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	649	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				650
				651	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				652	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	653
				654
				655	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	656	<h4><a id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	657	</div>
				658
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	660
				661	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				662	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				663	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				664	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	665	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				666	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	667
				668
				669	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	670	<h4><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	671	</div>
				672
				673	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				674
				675	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	676	<h4><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	677	</div>
				678
				679	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				680
				681	<div style="margin: auto;">
				682
				683	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	684	<h4><a id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	685	</div>
				686
				687	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				688
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	689	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				690	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	691
				692	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				693	</div>
				694
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	695	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	696	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	697
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	698	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	699	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	700	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	701	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				702	</p>
				703
				704	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				705	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				706	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				707	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				708	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
				709
				710	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				711	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				712	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				713	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	714
				715	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				716	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				717	</p>
				718
				719
				720	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	721	<h4>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	722	</div>
				723
				724	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				725
				726	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				727	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				728	mapping. </p>
				729
				730	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				731	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				732	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				733	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				734	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				735
				736	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				737	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				738	</p>
				739
				740
				741	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	742	<h4><a id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	743	</div>
				744
				745	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				746
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	747	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
				748	<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				749	ignored. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	750
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	751	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				752	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	753
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	754	<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				755	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
				756	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
				757	size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				758	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				759	with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	760	be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	761	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				762	functionality.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	763
				764	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	765	<h4><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	766	</div>
				767
				768	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				769
				770	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				771
				772	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				773
				774	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	775	<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	776	</div>
				777
				778	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				779
				780	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	781	<h4><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	782	</div>
				783
				784	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				785
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	786	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				787	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				788	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				789	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				790	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				791	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	792
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	793	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				794	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				795	transformation to all channels.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	796
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	797	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				798	linear transform and applied
				799	using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	800
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	801	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				802	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				803	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				804	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				805	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	806
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	807	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				808	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	809
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	810	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				811	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				812	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				813	totally black.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	814
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	815	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				816	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	817
				818	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	819	<h4><a id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	820	</div>
				821
				822	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				823
				824	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	825	<h4><a id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	826	</div>
				827
				828	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				829
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	830	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				831	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				832	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
				833
				834	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				835	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	836	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	837	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				838
				839	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				840	class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				841	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				842	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				843
				844	<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				845	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				846	instead.</p>
				847
				848	<p>For example,</p>
				849
				850	<p class="crtsnip">
				851	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				852	</p>
				853
				854	<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				855	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				856	480.</p>
				857
				858
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	859	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	860	<h4><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	861	</div>
				862
				863	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				864
				865	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				866
				867	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	868	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				869	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				870	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				871	<SOPNode>
				872	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				873	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				874	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				875	</SOPNode>
				876	<SATNode>
				877	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				878	</SATNode>
				879	</ColorCorrection>
				880	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	881	</pre>
				882
				883	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	884	<h4><a id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	885	</div>
				886
				887	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				888
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	889	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>,
				890	<kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>,
				891	<kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>,
				892	<kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	893
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	894	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	895	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				896	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				897	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	898
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	899	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				900	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	901	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	902	-channel Red,Blue
				903	</p>
				904	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				905	<p class="crtsnip">
				906	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	907	</p>
				908
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	909	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	910	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				911	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				912	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				913
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	914	<br />
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	915
				916	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				917	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	918	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				919	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				920	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				921	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	922	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	923
				924	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	925	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	926	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	927	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	928	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	929
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	930	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	931	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				932	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				933	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				934	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				935	contribute to the final result. </p>
				936
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	937	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	938	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				939	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				940	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				941	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				942	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	943
				944	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				945	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	946
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	947	<br />
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	948
				949	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	950	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				951	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				952	to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
				953	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				954	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	955
				956	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				957	include the following.
				958
				959	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				960	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	961	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				962	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	963	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	964	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				965	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	966	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				967	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	968	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				969	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				970	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				971	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	972	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	973	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	974	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	975	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	976	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				977	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				978	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				979	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				980	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	981	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	982	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	983	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				984	</p>
				985
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	986	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	987	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	988	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	989	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				990	flag. </p>
				991
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	992	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				993	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				994	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	995
				996	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				997	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				998	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				999	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				1000	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				1001	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1002	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1003	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1004	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1005
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1006	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1007	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1008	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				1009	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				1010	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1011
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1012
				1013	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1014	<h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1015	</div>
				1016
				1017	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1018
				1019	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1020	<h4><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1021	</div>
				1022
				1023	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1024
				1025	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1026	<h4><a id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1027	</div>
				1028
				1029	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1030
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1031	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
				1032	and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em>
				1033	portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of
				1034	columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of
				1035	the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by
				1036	a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1037
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1038	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				1039	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1040
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1041	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more typically
				1042	used with as <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and a '<kbd>+0+0</kbd>' offset
				1043	so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a href="#shave"
				1044	>-shave</a> whcih removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite sides of the image.
				1045	</p>
				1046
				1047	<p>Using <a href="#chop">-chop</a> will effectivally undo the results of a
				1048	<a href="#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em class="arg">geometry</em>
				1049	and <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
				1050
				1051
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1052	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1053	<h4><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1054	</div>
				1055
				1056	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1057
				1058	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				1059
				1060	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				1061
				1062	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				1063	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				1064
				1065	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				1066
				1067	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1068	<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1069	</div>
				1070
				1071	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1072
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1073	<p>Use the given image as a 'do-not-modify' mask of the current images in the
				1074	current image sequence. Assuming the clipmask is a greyscale image the same
				1075	size at the one already in memory, any areas that is white will not be
				1076	modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow, until the
				1077	mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask will be modified
				1078	as normal. </p>
				1079
				1080	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
				1081	a rectangular <a href="#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1082	mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="#composite" >-composite</a>,
				1083	operation. </p>
				1084
				1085
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1086	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1087	<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1088	</div>
				1089
				1090	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1091
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1092	<p>This is almost identicate to <a href="#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
				1093
				1094
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1095	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1096	<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1097	</div>
				1098
				1099	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1100
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1101	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1102	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1103	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1104	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1105
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1106	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1107	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1108	example, <kbd>−1</kbd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1109	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1110	dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1111	spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
				1112	effectivally clone all the images. </p>
				1113
				1114	<p>The <a href="#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1115	in the image sequence, and is thus equivelent to using a argument of
				1116	'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1117
				1118	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1119	<h4><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1120	</div>
				1121
				1122	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				1123	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				1124	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1125
				1126	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1127	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1128	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1129	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1130	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1131
				1132	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1133	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				1134	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1135	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				1136	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1137	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1138	lookup of color values. </p>
				1139
				1140	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1141	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1142
				1143	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				1144	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1145	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				1146	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1147	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1148	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				1149	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1150	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1151
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1152	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1153	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1154	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1155	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1156	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1157	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1158	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1159	</p>
				1160
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1161	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
				1162	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1163	of a 3D color cube. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1164
				1165
				1166	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1167	<h4><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1168	</div>
				1169
				1170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1171
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1172	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1173	its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1174	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1175	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1176	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1177	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1178	images. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1179
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1180	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1181	the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
				1182	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1183	better than the original. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1184
				1185
				1186	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1187	<h4><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1188	</div>
				1189
				1190	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1191
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1192	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1193	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1194	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1195	values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1196
				1197	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1198	<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1199	</div>
				1200
				1201	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1202
				1203	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				1204
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1205	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1206	is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
				1207	to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1208	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1209	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1210	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1211	If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1212	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em>
				1213	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1214
				1215	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1216	<h4><a id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1217	</div>
				1218
				1219	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1220
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1221	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1222	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1223	unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any
				1224	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1225	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1226	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1227	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1228	the <a href="../www/quantize.html">
				1229	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1230
				1231	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1232	<h4><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1233	</div>
				1234
				1235	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1236
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1237	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1238	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1239	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1240	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1241	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1242	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1243
				1244	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1245
				1246	<pre class="text">
				1247	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1248	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1249	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1250	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1251	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1252	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1253	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1254	</pre>
				1255	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1256	<h4><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1257	</div>
				1258
				1259	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1260
				1261	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1262
				1263	<pre class="text">
				1264	CMY
				1265	CMYK
				1266	Gray
				1267	HSB
				1268	HSL
				1269	HWB
				1270	Lab
				1271	Log
				1272	OHTA
				1273	Rec601Luma
				1274	Rec601YCbCr
				1275	Rec709Luma
				1276	Rec709YCbCr
				1277	RGB
				1278	sRGB
				1279	Transparent
				1280	XYZ
				1281	YCbCr
				1282	YCC
				1283	YIQ
				1284	YPbPr
				1285	YUV
				1286	</pre>
				1287
				1288	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1289
				1290	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1291
				1292	<table class="doc">
				1293	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1294	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1295	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1296	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1297	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1298	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1299	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1300	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1301	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1302	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1303
				1304	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1305	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1306
				1307	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1308	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1309	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1310	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1311
				1312	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1313	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1314	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1315	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1316
				1317	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1318	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1319	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1320	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1321
				1322	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1323	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1324	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1325	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1326
				1327	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1328	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1329	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1330	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1331
				1332	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1333	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1334	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1335	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1336
				1337	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1338	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1339
				1340	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1341	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1342	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1343	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1344
				1345	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1346	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1347
				1348	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1349	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1350	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1351	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1352
				1353	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1354	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1355	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1356	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1357
				1358	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1359	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1360	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1361	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1362
				1363	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1364	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1365	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1366	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1367
				1368	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1369	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1370	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1371	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1372
				1373	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1374	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1375	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1376	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1377
				1378	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1379	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1380	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1381	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1382
				1383	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1384	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1385	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1386	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1387	</table>
				1388
				1389	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1390	<h4><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1391	</div>
				1392
				1393	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1394
				1395	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1396
				1397	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1398	</p>
				1399
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1400	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1401	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1402	<h4><a id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1403	</div>
				1404
				1405	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1406
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1407	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1408	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1409	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1410
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1411	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1412	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1413	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1414	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1415
				1416	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				1417	class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1418	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1419	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1420
				1421	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1422	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				1423	instead.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1424
				1425	<p>For example,</p>
				1426
				1427	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1428	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1429	</p>
				1430
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1431	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				1432	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1433	480.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1434
				1435	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1436	<h4><a id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1437	</div>
				1438
				1439	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1440
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1441	<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1442	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1443
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1444	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1445	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1446	<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
				1447	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1448	<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1449	<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1450	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1451	<a href="#border">-border</a>,
				1452	<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
				1453	and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1454
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1455	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
				1456	command. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1457
				1458
				1459	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1460	<h4><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1461	</div>
				1462
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1463	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1464
				1465	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1466	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1467	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1468	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1469	settings. </p>
				1470
				1471	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1472	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1473	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1474	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1475	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1476
				1477	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1478	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1479	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1480	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1481
				1482	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1483	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1484	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1485	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1486
				1487
				1488	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1489	<h4><a id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1490	</div>
				1491
				1492	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1493
				1494	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1495
				1496	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1497
				1498	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1499
				1500	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1501
				1502	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1503
				1504	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1505
				1506	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1507	<h4><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1508	</div>
				1509
				1510	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1511
				1512	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1513
				1514	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1515
				1516	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1517	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1518	<h4><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1519	</div>
				1520
				1521	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1522
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1523	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1524	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1525	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1526	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1527	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1528
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1529	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1530	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1531	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1532	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1533	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1534	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1535
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1536	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1537	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1538	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1539	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1540	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1541	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1542
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1543	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1544	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1545	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1546
				1547	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1548	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1549	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1550	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1551
				1552	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1553	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1554
				1555	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1556
				1557
				1558	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1559	<h4><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1560	</div>
				1561
				1562	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1563
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1564	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1565	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1566	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1567	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1568	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1569	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1570
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1571	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1572	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1573	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1574	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1575	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1576	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1577	</p>
				1578
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1579	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1580	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1581	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1582	href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1583	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1584	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1585	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1586	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1587
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1588
				1589	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1590	<h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1591	</div>
				1592
				1593	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1594
				1595	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1596
				1597	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1598
				1599	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1600
				1601	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1602
				1603	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1604	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1605	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1606	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1607	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1608
				1609	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1610	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1611	missed' warning given. </p>
				1612
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1613	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1614
				1615	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1616	<h4><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1617	</div>
				1618
				1619	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1620
				1621	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1622	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1623
				1624
				1625	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1626	<h4><a id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1627	</div>
				1628
				1629	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1630
				1631	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1632
				1633
				1634	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1635
				1636	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1637	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1638
				1639	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1640
				1641	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1642
				1643	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1644
				1645	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1646
				1647
				1648	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1649	<h4><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1650	</div>
				1651
				1652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1653
				1654	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1655
				1656	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1657
				1658
				1659	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1660	<h4><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1661	</div>
				1662
				1663	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1664
				1665	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1666
				1667	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1668
				1669	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1670
				1671
				1672	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1673	<h4><a id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1674	</div>
				1675
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1676	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1677	coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1678
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1679	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1680	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1681	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
				1682	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1683	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
				1684	as "Artifacts". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1685
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1686	<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1687	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1688	options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1689	previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1690	existing definitions.</p>
				1691
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1692	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1693	href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1694	>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1695	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1696
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1697	<p>The <em>option</em> and <em>key</em> are case-independent (they are
				1698	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <em>value</em>
				1699	is case-dependent.</p>
				1700
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1701	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
				1702
				1703	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1704	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1705
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1706	<dl>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1707	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1708	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1709	DCM image format.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1710
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1711	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1712	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1713	<kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1714
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1715	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1716	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1717	jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1718
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1719	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1720	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
				1721	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1722	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1723
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1724	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1725	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1726	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1727	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1728	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1729	results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1730
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1731	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1732	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1733
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1734	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1735	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1736	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				1737	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				1738	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				1739	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				1740	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				1741	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				1742	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				1743	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				1744	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
				1745	<a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
				1746	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				1747	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1748	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1749	8-bit depth.</dd>
				1750
				1751	<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1752	<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1753	<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				1754
				1755	<p>The<em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				1756	as <em class="arg">bKGD</em>, a comma-separated list of chunk-types,
				1757	or the word <em class="arg">all</em> or
				1758	the word <em class="arg">none</em>. There must be no spaces in the
				1759	list. Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use
				1760	all lowercase names if you prefer.</p>
				1761
				1762	<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
				1763	the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
				1764	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				1765	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				1766	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				1767	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				1768
				1769	<pre class="text">
				1770	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
				1771	</pre>
				1772
				1773	<p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
				1774	<kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any of
				1775	these entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				1776
				1777	<p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
				1778	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				1779	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				1780	<kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				1781	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				1782
				1783	<p>The <a href="#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				1784	following for PNG output:</p>
				1785
				1786	<pre class="text">
				1787	-define png:include-chunk=none,gama
				1788	</pre>
				1789
				1790	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1791	plus ImageMagick's private <kbd>vpAg</kbd> ("virtual page") chunk,
				1792	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				1793	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				1794	PNG specification.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1795	</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1796
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1797	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1798	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
				1799	Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1800	operator instead of the image operator.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1801
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1802	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1803	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
				1804	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				1805	to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1806	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				1807	If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1808	double precision floating point format.</dd>
				1809
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1810	</dl>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1811
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1812	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				1813	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1814
				1815	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1816	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				1817	<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				1818	use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1819
				1820	<p class="crtsnip">
				1821	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1822	</p>
				1823
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1824
				1825
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1826	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1827	<h4><a id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1828	</div>
				1829
				1830	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1831
				1832	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1833
				1834	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1835
				1836
				1837	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1838	<h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1839	</div>
				1840
				1841	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1842
				1843	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1844
				1845
				1846	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1847	<h4><a id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1848	</div>
				1849
				1850	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1851
				1852	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1853
				1854	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1855
				1856	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1857
				1858	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1859
				1860	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1861	<h4><a id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1862	</div>
				1863
				1864	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1865
				1866	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1867
				1868	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1869	<h4><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1870	</div>
				1871
				1872	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1873
				1874	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1875	<h4><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1876	</div>
				1877
				1878	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1879
				1880	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				1881
				1882	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1883	<h4><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1884	</div>
				1885
				1886	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1887
				1888	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1889	<h4><a id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1890	</div>
				1891
				1892	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1893
				1894	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1895	<h4><a id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1896	</div>
				1897
				1898	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1899
				1900	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1901	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1902	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				1903	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				1904	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				1905	behind it. </p>
				1906
				1907	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				1908	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				1909	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				1910	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				1911
				1912	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				1913	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				1914	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				1915	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				1916	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				1917	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				1918	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				1919
				1920	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				1921	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1922	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1923	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1924	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1925	into the overlay area. </p>
				1926
				1927	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1928	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1929	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1930	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				1931
				1932	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				1933	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1934	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1935	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1936	the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1937	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				1938	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				1939	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				1940	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1941	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				1942	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1943
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1944	<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1945	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				1946	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				1947	</p>
				1948
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1949	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1950	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				1951	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				1952
				1953
				1954	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1955	<h4><a id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1956	</div>
				1957
				1958	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1959
				1960	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				1961
				1962	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1963	<h4><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1964	</div>
				1965
				1966	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1967
				1968	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				1969	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				1970	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				1971	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				1972
				1973	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				1974
				1975	<pre class="text">
				1976	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				1977	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				1978	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				1979	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				1980	</pre>
				1981
				1982	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				1983	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				1984
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1985	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1986
				1987	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				1988	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				1989
				1990	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				1991	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				1992
				1993	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1994	<h4><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1995	</div>
				1996
				1997	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1998
				1999
				2000	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2001	<h4><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2002	</div>
				2003
				2004	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2005
				2006	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2007	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2008	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2009	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2010	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2011
				2012	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2013	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2014	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2015
				2016	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2017	<h4><a id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2018	</div>
				2019
				2020	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2021
				2022	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2023	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2024	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2025	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2026
				2027	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2028
				2029	<table class="doc">
				2030	<tr valign="top">
				2031	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2032	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2033	</tr>
				2034
				2035	<tr valign="top">
				2036	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2037	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2038	<td valign="top">
				2039	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2040	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2041	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2042	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2043	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2044	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2045
				2046	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2047	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2048
				2049	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2050	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2051	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2052	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2053	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>X,Y     Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2054	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2055	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2056	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2057	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2058	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2059	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2060	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2061	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2062	</table>
				2063
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2064	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2065	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2066
				2067	<tr valign="top">
				2068	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2069	<td valign="top">
				2070	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2071	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2072	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2073	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2074	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2075	distortions. <br/>
				2076
				2077	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2078	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2079	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2080	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2081	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2082	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2083	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2084
				2085	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2086	</td>
				2087
				2088	</tr>
				2089
				2090	<tr valign="top">
				2091	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2092	<td valign="top">
				2093	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2094	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2095	the source image to the destination image.
				2096
				2097	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2098	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2099	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2100	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2101	</em></div>
				2102
				2103	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2104	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2105
				2106	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2107	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2108	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
				2109	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2110	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2111
				2112	</tr>
				2113
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2114	<tr valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2115	<td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
				2116	<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2117	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2118	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2119	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2120	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
				2121	consistent. <br/>
				2122
				2123	The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
				2124	quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
				2125	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
				2126	in each case. <br/>
				2127
				2128	Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
				2129	which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
				2130	color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
				2131	may dissappear. <br/>
				2132
				2133	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2134	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2135	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2136
				2137	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2138	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2139
				2140	<tr valign="top">
				2141	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2142	<td valign="top">
				2143	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2144	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2145	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2146	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2147	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2148	linear distortion. <br/>
				2149
				2150	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2151	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2152	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2153	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2154	</tr>
				2155
				2156	<tr valign="top">
				2157	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2158	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2159	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2160	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2161	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2162	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2163	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2164	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2165
				2166	</tr>
				2167
				2168	<tr valign="top">
				2169	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2170	<td valign="top">
				2171	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2172	a circle. <br/>
				2173	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2174	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2175	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2176	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2177	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2178	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2179	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2180	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2181	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2182	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2183	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2184	</table>
				2185
				2186	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2187	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2188	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2189	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2190	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2191
				2192	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2193	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2194	conversion. </td>
				2195	</tr>
				2196
				2197	<tr valign="top">
				2198	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2199	<td valign="top">
				2200	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2201	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2202	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2203	angle limits. <br/>
				2204
				2205	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2206
				2207	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2208	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2209	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2210	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2211	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2212	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2213	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2214	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2215	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2216	the same arguments. <br/>
				2217
				2218	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2219	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2220	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2221	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2222
				2223	</tr>
				2224
				2225	<tr valign="top">
				2226	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2227	<td valign="top">
				2228	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2229	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2230
				2231	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2232	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2233	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2234	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2235	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2236	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2237
				2238	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2239	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2240	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2241	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2242	a high quality result. </td>
				2243
				2244	</tr>
				2245
				2246	<tr valign="top">
				2247	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2248	<td valign="top">
				2249	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
cristy	6bcf48e	2011-02-15 19:09:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2250	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2251	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2252	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2253	lines straight again. <br/>
				2254
				2255	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2256	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2257	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2258	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2259	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2260	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2261	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2262	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2263
				2264	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2265	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2266	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2267	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2268	</td>
				2269
				2270	</tr>
				2271
				2272	<tr valign="top">
				2273	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2274	<td valign="top">
				2275	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2276	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2277	of the radial polynomial,
				2278	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2279	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2280	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2281	Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
				2282	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2283
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2284	</td>
				2285	</tr>
				2286
				2287	<tr valign="top">
				2288	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2289	<td valign="top">
				2290	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2291	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2292	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
				2293	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2294	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2295	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2296	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2297	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
				2298	their movement. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2299
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2300	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2301	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
				2302	position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2303
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2304	Internally it is equivelent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2305	href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2306	the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
				2307
				2308	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2309	</tr>
				2310
				2311	</table>
				2312
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2313	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
				2314	distort</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2315
				2316	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2317	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2318	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2319	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2320	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2321	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2322	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2323	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2324	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2325	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2326	...
				2327	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2328	</em></div>
				2329	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2330	destination image. </p>
				2331
				2332	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2333	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2334	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2335	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2336	understand.</p>
				2337
				2338	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2339	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
				2340	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
				2341	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2342	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2343	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2344	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2345	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2346	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
				2347	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2348
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2349	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2350	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2351	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2352	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2353
				2354	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2355	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2356	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
				2357	a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2358	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
				2359	a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
				2360	the way to the horizon. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2361
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2362	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2363	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
				2364	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
				2365	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2366	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2367	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2368	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2369	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2370	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2371
				2372	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2373	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2374	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2375	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2376	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2377
				2378	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2379	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2380	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
				2381	the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
				2382	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2383	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
				2384	may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
				2385	is unwanted. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2386
				2387	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2388	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2389	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2390	image space.</p>
				2391
				2392	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2393	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2394	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2395	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2396	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2397	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2398
				2399	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2400	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2401	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2402	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2403
				2404	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2405	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2406	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2407	above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
				2408	the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2409
				2410
				2411	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2412	<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2413	</div>
				2414
				2415	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2416
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2417	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2418
				2419	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2420	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2421	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2422	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2423	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2424	color gradients. </p>
				2425
				2426	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2427	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2428
				2429	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2430
				2431
				2432	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2433	<h4><a id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2434	</div>
				2435
				2436	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2437
				2438	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2439
				2440	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2441
				2442	<pre class="text">
				2443	point x,y
				2444	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2445	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2446	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2447	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2448	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2449	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2450	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2451	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2452	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2453	path path specification
				2454	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2455	</pre>
				2456
				2457	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2458
				2459	<pre class="text">
				2460	text x0,y0 string
				2461	</pre>
				2462	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2463
				2464	<pre class="text">
				2465	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2466	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2467	</pre>
				2468
				2469	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2470
				2471	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2472
				2473	<pre class="text">
				2474	rotate degrees
				2475	translate dx,dy
				2476	scale sx,sy
				2477	skewX degrees
				2478	skewY degrees
				2479	</pre>
				2480
				2481	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2482
				2483	<pre class="text">
				2484	color x0,y0 method
				2485	matte x0,y0 method
				2486	</pre>
				2487
				2488	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2489
				2490	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2491
				2492	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2493
				2494	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2495
				2496	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2497
				2498	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2499
				2500	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2501
				2502	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2503
				2504	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2505	</p>
				2506
				2507	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2508
				2509	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2510
				2511	<p class="crtsnip">
				2512	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2513	</p>
				2514
				2515	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2516	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2517
				2518	<p class="crtsnip">
				2519	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2520	</p>
				2521	<p class="crtsnip">
				2522	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2523	</p>
				2524
				2525
				2526	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2527
				2528	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2529
				2530	<p class="crtsnip">
				2531	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2532	</p>
				2533
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2534	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				2535	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				2536	dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				2537	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2538
				2539	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2540
				2541	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2542
				2543	<p class="crtsnip">
				2544	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2545	</p>
				2546
				2547	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2548
				2549	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2550
				2551	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2552
				2553	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2554
				2555	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2556
				2557	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2558	matrix.</p>
				2559
				2560	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2561
				2562	<pre class="text">
				2563	point
				2564	replace
				2565	floodfill
				2566	filltoborder
				2567	reset
				2568	</pre>
				2569
				2570	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2571
				2572	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2573
				2574	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2575
				2576	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2577
				2578	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2579
				2580
				2581	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2582	<h4><a id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2583	</div>
				2584
				2585	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2586
				2587	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2588	<h4><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2589	</div>
				2590
				2591	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2592
				2593	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2594	<h4><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2595	</div>
				2596
				2597	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2598
				2599	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2600
				2601	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2602
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2603
				2604
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2605	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2606	<h4><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2607	</div>
				2608
				2609	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2610
				2611	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2612
				2613	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2614	<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2615	</div>
				2616
				2617	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2618
				2619	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2620
				2621	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2622
				2623
				2624	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2625	<h4><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2626	</div>
				2627
				2628	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2629
				2630
				2631	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2632	<h4><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2633	</div>
				2634
				2635	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2636
				2637	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2638
				2639	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2640
				2641	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2642
				2643	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2644	<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2645	</div>
				2646
				2647	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2648
				2649	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2650
				2651	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2652
				2653	<table class="doc">
				2654	<col width="25%" />
				2655	<col width="75%" />
				2656	<thead>
				2657	<tr>
				2658	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2659	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2660	</tr>
				2661	</thead>
				2662	<tbody>
				2663
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2664	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2665	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2666	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2667	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2668	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2669	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2670	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				2671	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2672	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2673	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2674	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2675	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	61365ad	2010-11-28 02:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2676	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2677	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2678	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2679	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2680	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2681	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2682	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2683	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2684	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2685	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2686
				2687	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2688
				2689	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2690	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2691	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2692	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2693	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2694	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2695
				2696	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2697
				2698	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2699	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2700	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2701	</tbody>
				2702	</table>
				2703
				2704	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2705	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2706	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2707	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2708	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2709	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2710	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2711	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2712
				2713	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2714	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2715
				2716	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2717	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2718	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2719	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2720	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2721	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2722	'alpha' values.</p>
				2723
				2724	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2725
cristy	ce66ab1	2010-10-21 23:36:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2726	<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
				2727
				2728	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2729	exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
				2730	</div>
				2731
				2732	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
				2733	href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
				2734
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2735	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2736
				2737	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2738	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2739	</div>
				2740
				2741	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2742	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2743	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2744	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2745	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2746	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2747
				2748	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2749	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2750	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2751	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2752	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2753	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2754	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2755	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2756	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2757	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2758	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2759
				2760	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2761	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2762	</div>
				2763
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2764	<p>See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2765	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2766
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2767	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2768	<h4><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2769	</div>
				2770
				2771	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2772
				2773	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2774	<h4><a id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2775	</div>
				2776
				2777	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2778
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2779	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	549177c	2010-11-11 13:51:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2780	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				2781	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				2782	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				2783
				2784	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
				2785
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2786
				2787	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2788
				2789	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2790	<h4><a id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2791	</div>
				2792
				2793	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2794
				2795	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2796
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2797	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2798
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2799	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2800	<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2801	equivalent to:</p>
				2802
				2803	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2804	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2805
				2806	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2807	<h4><a id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2808	</div>
				2809
				2810	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2811
				2812	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2813	</p>
				2814
				2815	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2816	</p>
				2817
				2818	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2819	<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2820	</div>
				2821
				2822	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2823
				2824	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2825	<h4><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2826	</div>
				2827
				2828	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2829
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2830	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2831
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2832	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2833
				2834	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2835
				2836	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2837	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2838
				2839	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2840	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2841
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2842	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2843
				2844	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2845
				2846	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2847	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2848	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2849
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2850	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2851
				2852	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2853
				2854	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2855
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2856	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2857
				2858	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2859	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2860	</p>
				2861
				2862
				2863	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2864	<h4><a id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2865	</div>
				2866
				2867	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2868
				2869	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2870
				2871	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2872
				2873	<p>For example,</p>
				2874
				2875	<p class="crtsnip">
				2876	-fill blue
				2877	</p>
				2878	<p class="crtsnip">
				2879	-fill "#ddddff"
				2880	</p>
				2881	<p class="crtsnip">
				2882	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2883	</p>
				2884
				2885	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2886
				2887	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2888
				2889	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2890	<h4><a id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2891	</div>
				2892
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2893	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
				2894	distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2895
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2896	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
				2897	operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
				2898	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2899
				2900	<pre class="text">
				2901	Point Hermite Cubic
				2902	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2903	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2904	</pre>
				2905
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2906	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2907	as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
				2908	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				2909	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				2910	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2911
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2912	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2913	function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
				2914	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				2915	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2916
				2917	<pre class="text">
				2918	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2919	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2920	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2921	</pre>
				2922
				2923	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2924	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2925	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2926
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2927	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				2928	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
				2929	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				2930	<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2931
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2932	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
				2933	filter</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2934
				2935	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2936	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
				2937	href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2938
				2939	<dl class="doc">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2940	<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2941	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2942	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				2943	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				2944	results. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2945
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2946	<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
				2947	<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				2948	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				2949	filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
				2950	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				2951	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				2952	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				2953	</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2954
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2955	<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2956	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2957	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				2958	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				2959	image distorts.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2960
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2961	<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				2962	<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2963	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				2964	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				2965	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				2966	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2967	filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2968	Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2969
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2970	<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2971	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2972	you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2973	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2974	'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
				2975	following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2976
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2977	<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
				2978	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
				2979	<kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				2980	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				2981	function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
				2982	<kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
				2983	to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
				2984	</dd>
				2985
				2986	<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
				2987	<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				2988	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				2989	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				2990	easily graphed. </dd>
				2991
				2992	<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
				2993	filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
				2994	a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
				2995	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
				2996	'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2997
				2998	</dl>
				2999
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3000	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3001
				3002	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				3003	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				3004	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3005	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3006
				3007	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				3008	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3009	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3010	filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
				3011	provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
				3012	resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
				3013	definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
				3014	likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3015
				3016
				3017	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3018	<h4><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3019	</div>
				3020
				3021	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3022
				3023
				3024	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3025	<h4><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3026	</div>
				3027
				3028	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3029
				3030	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				3031
				3032	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3033	<h4><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3034	</div>
				3035
				3036	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3037
				3038	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3039	<h4><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3040	</div>
				3041
				3042	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3043
				3044	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				3045
				3046
				3047	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3048	<h4><a id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3049	</div>
				3050
				3051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3052
				3053	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3054
				3055	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3056	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3057	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3058	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3059
				3060	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3061
				3062
				3063	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3064	<h4><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3065	</div>
				3066
				3067	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3068
				3069	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3070
				3071	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3072
				3073	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3074	<h4><a id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3075	</div>
				3076
				3077	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3078
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3079	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="../www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3080
				3081	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3082
				3083	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3084	<h4><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3085	</div>
				3086
				3087	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3088
				3089	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3090
				3091	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3092	<h4><a id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3093	</div>
				3094
				3095	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3096
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3097	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
				3098	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3099
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3100	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
				3101	class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				3102	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				3103	in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
				3104	a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
				3105	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				3106	thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				3107	<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				3108	</p>
				3109
				3110	<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				3111	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3112	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3113	size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
				3114	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				3115	href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
				3116	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
				3117	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				3118	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				3119
				3120	<p>The image composition is not
				3121	affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3122
				3123
				3124	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3125	<h4><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3126	</div>
				3127
				3128	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3129
				3130	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3131	<h4><a id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3132	</div>
				3133
				3134	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3135
				3136	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3137
				3138	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3139
				3140	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3141
				3142	<pre class="text">
				3143	Polynomial
				3144	Sinusoid
				3145	Arcsin
				3146	Arctan
				3147	</pre>
				3148
				3149	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3150
				3151	<dl class="doc">
				3152	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3153	<dd>
				3154	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3155
				3156	<div style="text-align: center">
				3157	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3158	</div>
				3159
				3160	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3161
				3162	<div style="text-align: center">
				3163	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3164	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3165	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3166	</div>
				3167
				3168	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3169
				3170	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3171
				3172	<table class="doc">
				3173	<col width="35%" />
				3174	<col width="35%" />
				3175	<col width="30%" />
				3176	<tr>
				3177	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3178	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3179	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3180	</tr>
				3181	<tr>
				3182	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3183	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3184	</tr>
				3185	<tr>
				3186	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3187	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3188	</tr>
				3189	<tr>
				3190	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3191	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3192	</tr>
				3193	<tr>
				3194	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3195	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3196	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3197	</tr>
				3198	</table>
				3199
				3200	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3201	</dd>
				3202
				3203	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3204	<dd>
				3205	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3206
				3207	<div style="text-align: center">
				3208	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3209	</div>
				3210
				3211	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3212
				3213	<div style="text-align: center">
				3214	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3215	</div>
				3216
				3217	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3218
				3219	<p class="crtsnip">
				3220	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3221	</p>
				3222
				3223	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3224
				3225	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3226
				3227	<table class="doc">
				3228	<tr>
				3229	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3230	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3231	</tr>
				3232	<tr>
				3233	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3234	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3235	</tr>
				3236	</table>
				3237	</dd>
				3238
				3239	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3240	<dd>
				3241	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3242	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3243	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3244	of values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3245
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3246	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3247	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3248	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3249
				3250	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3251	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3252	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3253	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3254
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3255	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3256	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3257	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3258
				3259	</dd>
				3260
				3261	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3262	<dd>
				3263	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3264	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3265	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3266
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3267	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3268	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3269	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3270
				3271	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3272	</p>
				3273
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3274	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3275	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3276	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3277
				3278	</dd>
				3279
				3280	</dl>
				3281
				3282
				3283	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3284	<h4><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3285	</div>
				3286
				3287	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3288
				3289	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3290
				3291	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3292
				3293
				3294	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3295	<h4><a id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3296	</div>
				3297
				3298	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3299
				3300	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3301
				3302	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3303
				3304
				3305	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3306	<h4><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3307	</div>
				3308
				3309	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3310
				3311	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3312
				3313	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3314
				3315	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3316
				3317	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3318
				3319	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3320
				3321	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3322	<h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3323	</div>
				3324
				3325	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3326
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3327	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				3328	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3329
				3330	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3331	</div>
				3332
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3333	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3334	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3335
				3336	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3337	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3338	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3339	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				3340	</p>
				3341
				3342	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				3343	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				3344	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				3345	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				3346	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3347
				3348	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3349	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3350	neighboring pixels. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3351
				3352	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3353	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3354	</p>
				3355
				3356
				3357	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3358	<h4><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3359	</div>
				3360
				3361	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3362
				3363	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3364
				3365	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3366	<h4><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3367	</div>
				3368
				3369	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3370
				3371	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3372	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3373	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3374	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3375	installation.</p>
				3376
				3377	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3378
				3379	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3380
				3381	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3382
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3383	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3384	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3385
				3386	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3387
				3388
				3389	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3390	<h4><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3391	</div>
				3392
				3393	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3394
				3395
				3396	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3397	<h4><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3398	</div>
				3399
				3400	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3401
				3402	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3403	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3404	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3405	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3406
				3407	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3408	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3409	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3410	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3411
				3412	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3413	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3414	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3415	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3416	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3417
				3418	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3419	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3420	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3421	mapping. </p>
				3422
				3423
				3424	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3425	<h4><a id="help"></a>-help</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3426	</div>
				3427
				3428	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3429
				3430	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3431	<h4><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3432	</div>
				3433
				3434	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3435
				3436	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3437	<h4><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3438	</div>
				3439
				3440	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3441
				3442	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3443
				3444	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3445
				3446	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3447	<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3448	</div>
				3449
				3450	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3451
				3452	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3453	<h4><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3454	</div>
				3455
				3456	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3457
				3458	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3459
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3460	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3461
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3462	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3463	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3464	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3465
				3466	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3467	<h4><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3468	</div>
				3469
				3470	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3471
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3472	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3473
				3474	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3475
				3476	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3477	<p>or</p>
				3478
				3479	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3480
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3481	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3482
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3483	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3484
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3485	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3486
				3487	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3488	<h4><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3489	</div>
				3490
				3491	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3492
				3493	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3494	<h4><a id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3495	</div>
				3496
				3497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3498
				3499	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3500	<h4><a id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3501	</div>
				3502
				3503	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3504
				3505	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3506
				3507	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3508
				3509	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3510	<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3511	</div>
				3512
				3513	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3514
				3515	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3516
				3517	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3518
				3519	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3520
				3521	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3522	<h4><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3523	</div>
				3524
				3525	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3526
				3527	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3528
				3529	<pre class="text">
				3530	none
				3531	line
				3532	plane
				3533	partition
				3534	JPEG
				3535	GIF
				3536	PNG
				3537	</pre>
				3538
				3539	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3540
				3541	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3542
				3543	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3544
				3545	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3546
				3547	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3548	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3549
				3550	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3551	image.</p>
				3552
				3553	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3554
				3555	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3556	<h4><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3557	</div>
				3558
				3559	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3560
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3561	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3562	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3563	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3564	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3565	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3566
				3567	<pre class="text">
				3568	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3569	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3570	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3571	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3572	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3573	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3574	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3575	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3576	</pre>
				3577
				3578	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3579	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3580	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3581
				3582	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3583
				3584	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3585	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3586
				3587
				3588	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3589	<h4><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3590	</div>
				3591
				3592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3593
				3594	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3595	<h4><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3596	</div>
				3597
				3598	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3599
				3600	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3601	<h4><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3602	</div>
				3603
				3604	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3605
				3606	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3607	<h4><a id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3608	</div>
				3609
				3610	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3611
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3612	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
				3613	or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
				3614	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				3615	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3616
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3617	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
				3618	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				3619	image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3620
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3621	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				3622	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
				3623	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3624
				3625	<p>For example,</p>
				3626
				3627	<p class="crtsnip">
				3628	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3629	</p>
				3630
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3631	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
				3632	"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				3633	is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				3634	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				3635	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3636
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3637	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				3638	via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				3639	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				3640	during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3641
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3642	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				3643	class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				3644	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				3645	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3646
				3647
				3648	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3649	<h4><a id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3650	</div>
				3651
				3652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3653
				3654	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3655	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3656	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3657	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3658	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3659	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3660
				3661	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3662	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3663	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3664
				3665
				3666	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3667	<h4><a id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3668	</div>
				3669
				3670	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3671
				3672	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3673	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3674	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3675
				3676	<table class="doc">
				3677	<tbody>
				3678	<tr valign="top">
				3679	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3680	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3681	</tr>
				3682
				3683	<tr valign="top">
				3684	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3685	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3686	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3687	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3688	</tr>
				3689
				3690	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3691	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3692	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3693	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3694	</tr>
				3695
				3696	<tr valign="top">
				3697	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3698	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3699	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3700	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3701	</tr>
				3702
				3703	<tr valign="top">
				3704	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3705	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3706	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3707	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3708	</tr>
				3709
				3710	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3711	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3712	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3713	</tr>
				3714
				3715	<tr valign="top">
				3716	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3717	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3718	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3719	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3720	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3721	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3722	</tr>
				3723
				3724	<tr valign="top">
				3725	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3726	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3727	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3728	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3729	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3730	image lists are removed. </td>
				3731	</tr>
				3732
				3733
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3734	<tr><td></td>
				3735	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3736	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3737	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3738	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3739	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3740
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3741	<tr><td></td>
				3742	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3743	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3744	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3745	preserved. </td>
				3746	</tr>
				3747
				3748
				3749	<tr valign="top">
				3750	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3751	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3752	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3753	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3754	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3755	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3756	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3757	</td>
				3758	</tr>
				3759
				3760	<tr valign="top">
				3761	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3762	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3763	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3764	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3765	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3766	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3767	</tr>
				3768
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3769	<tr><td></td>
				3770	<td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3771	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3772	</tr>
				3773
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3774	<tr><td></td>
				3775	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3776	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3777	transparency from an image.</td>
				3778	</tr>
				3779
				3780
				3781	<tr valign="top">
				3782	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3783	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3784	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3785	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3786	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3787	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3788	</td>
				3789	</tr>
				3790
				3791	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3792	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3793	</tr>
				3794
				3795	<tr valign="top">
				3796	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3797	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3798	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3799	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3800	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3801	edges.</td>
				3802	</tr>
				3803
				3804	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3805	offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3806	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3807	any image file format. </td>
				3808	</tr>
				3809
				3810
				3811	<tr valign="top">
				3812	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3813	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3814	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3815	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3816	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3817	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3818	</tr>
				3819
				3820	<tr valign="top">
				3821	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3822	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3823	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3824	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3825	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3826	</tr>
				3827
				3828	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3829	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3830	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3831	optimizers seen. </td>
				3832	</tr>
				3833
				3834	<tr valign="top">
				3835	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3836	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3837	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3838	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3839	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3840	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3841	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3842	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3843	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3844	</tr>
				3845
				3846	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3847	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3848	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3849	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3850	however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3851	</tr>
				3852
				3853	<tr valign="top">
				3854	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3855	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3856	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3857	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3858	</td>
				3859	</tr>
				3860
				3861	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3862	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3863	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3864	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3865	</tr>
				3866
				3867	<tr valign="top">
				3868	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3869	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3870	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3871	</td>
				3872	</tr>
				3873
				3874	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3875	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3876	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3877	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3878	</tr>
				3879
				3880	<tr valign="top">
				3881	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3882	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3883	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3884	warning is then issued). </td>
				3885	</tr>
				3886
				3887	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3888	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3889	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3890	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3891	</tr>
				3892
				3893	<tr valign="top">
				3894	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3895	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3896	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3897	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3898	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3899	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3900	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3901	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3902	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3903	</td>
				3904	</tr>
				3905
				3906	</tbody>
				3907	</table>
				3908
				3909	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3910
				3911	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3912	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3913	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3914	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3915	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3916	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3917
				3918
				3919	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3920	<h4><a id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3921	</div>
				3922
				3923	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3924
				3925	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3926	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3927	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3928	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3929	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3930	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3931	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3932	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3933
				3934	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3935	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3936	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3937	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3938	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3939	adjusted. </p>
				3940
				3941	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3942	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3943	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3944	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3945	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3946	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3947
				3948	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3949	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3950	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3951
				3952	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3953	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3954
				3955
				3956	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3957	<h4><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3958	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3959	</div>
				3960
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3961	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3962
				3963	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3964	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3965	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3966	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3967
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3968	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3969	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3970	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3971	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3972
				3973	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3974	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3975	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3976	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3977	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3978
				3979	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3980	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3981	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3982	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3983	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3984	color (+ form). </p>
				3985
				3986
				3987	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3988	<h4><a id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3989	</div>
				3990
				3991	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3992
				3993	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				3994
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3995	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3996
				3997	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3998	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3999	</p>
				4000
				4001	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				4002
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4003	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
				4004	File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4005	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4006	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
				4007	</pre>
				4008
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4009	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				4010
				4011	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				4012
				4013	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				4014
				4015	<p class="crtsnip">
				4016	-limit area 10mb
				4017	</p>
				4018
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4019	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4020
				4021	<p class="crtsnip">
				4022	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				4023	</p>
				4024
				4025	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				4026
				4027	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				4028
				4029	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				4030	</p>
				4031
				4032	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				4033	</p>
				4034
				4035	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4036	<h4><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4037	</div>
				4038
				4039	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4040
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4041	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				4042	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				4043	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				4044	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				4045
				4046	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				4047	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				4048	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				4049
				4050	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				4051	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				4052	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				4053
				4054	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				4055	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				4056
				4057	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				4058
				4059
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4060	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4061	<h4><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4062	</div>
				4063
				4064	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4065
				4066	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4067	<h4><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4068	</div>
				4069
				4070	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4071
				4072	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4073
				4074	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4075	<h4><a id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4076	</div>
				4077
				4078	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4079
				4080	<pre class="text">
cristy	c1aee83	2010-05-08 00:36:47 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4081	Align
				4082	Alpha
				4083	Boolean
				4084	Channel
				4085	Class
				4086	ClipPath
				4087	Coder
				4088	Color
				4089	Colorspace
				4090	Command
				4091	Compose
				4092	Compress
				4093	Configure
				4094	DataType
				4095	Debug
				4096	Decoration
				4097	Delegate
				4098	Direction
				4099	Dispose
				4100	Distort
				4101	Dither
				4102	Endian
				4103	Evaluate
				4104	FillRule
				4105	Filter
				4106	Font
				4107	Format
				4108	Function
				4109	Gravity
				4110	ImageList
				4111	Intent
				4112	Interlace
				4113	Interpolate
				4114	Kernel
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4115	Layers
				4116	LineCap
				4117	LineJoin
				4118	List
				4119	Locale
				4120	LogEvent
				4121	Log
				4122	Magic
				4123	Method
				4124	Metric
				4125	Mime
				4126	Mode
				4127	Morphology
				4128	Module
				4129	Noise
				4130	Orientation
				4131	Policy
				4132	PolicyDomain
				4133	PolicyRights
				4134	Preview
				4135	Primitive
				4136	QuantumFormat
				4137	Resource
				4138	SparseColor
				4139	Storage
				4140	Stretch
				4141	Style
				4142	Threshold
				4143	Type
				4144	Units
				4145	Validate
				4146	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4147	</pre>
				4148
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4149	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				4150	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				4151	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4152
				4153	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4154	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4155	<h4><a id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4156	</div>
				4157
				4158	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4159
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4160	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				4161	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4162
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4163	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				4164	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4165
				4166	<pre class="text">
				4167	%d domain
				4168	%e event
				4169	%f function
				4170	%l line
				4171	%m module
				4172	%p process ID
				4173	%r real CPU time
				4174	%t wall clock time
				4175	%u user CPU time
				4176	%% percent sign
				4177	\n newline
				4178	\r carriage return
				4179	</pre>
				4180
				4181	<p>For example:</p>
				4182
				4183	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4184	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4185
				4186	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4187	<h4><a id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4188	</div>
				4189
				4190	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4191
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4192	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				4193	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				4194	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4195
				4196	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4197	<h4><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4198	</div>
				4199
				4200	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4201
				4202	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4203	<h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4204	</div>
				4205
				4206	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4207
				4208
				4209	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4210	<h4><a id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4211	</div>
				4212
				4213	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4214
				4215	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4216
				4217	<pre class="text">
				4218	best
				4219	default
				4220	gray
				4221	red
				4222	green
				4223	blue
				4224	</pre>
				4225
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4226	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4227	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4228	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4229	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4230	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4231
				4232
				4233	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4234	<h4><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4235	</div>
				4236
				4237	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4238
				4239	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4240
				4241	<pre class="text">
				4242	r red pixel component
				4243	g green pixel component
				4244	b blue pixel component
				4245	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4246	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4247	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4248	c cyan pixel component
				4249	m magenta pixel component
				4250	y yellow pixel component
				4251	k black pixel component
				4252	p pad component (always 0)
				4253	</pre>
				4254
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4255	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4256	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4257
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4258
				4259	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4260	<h4><a id="mask"></a>-mask
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4261	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4262	</div>
				4263
				4264	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4265
				4266	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4267
				4268	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4269	<h4><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4270	</div>
				4271
				4272	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4273
				4274	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4275
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4276	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4277	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4278
				4279	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4280	<h4><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4281	</div>
				4282
				4283	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4284
				4285	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4286	<h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4287	</div>
				4288
				4289	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4290
				4291	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4292	<h4><a id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4293	</div>
				4294
				4295	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4296
				4297	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4298
				4299	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4300	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
cristy	a20e3f9	2010-12-13 01:52:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4301	FUZZ mean color distance
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4302	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4303	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4304	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
cristy	a20e3f9	2010-12-13 01:52:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4305	NCC normalized cross correlation
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4306	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4307	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4308	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4309	</pre>
				4310
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4311	<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
				4312	with the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
				4313	only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4314	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4315	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' dtermines the factor needed
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4316	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4317
				4318	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4319	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4320	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4321
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4322	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4323	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4324
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4325
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4326	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4327	<h4><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4328	</div>
				4329
				4330	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4331
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4332
				4333	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4334	<h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4335	</div>
				4336
				4337	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4338
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4339	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4340	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4341
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4342	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4343	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4344	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4345
				4346
				4347	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4348	<h4><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4349	</div>
				4350
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4351	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4352	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4353
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4354	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4355	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4356
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4357	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4358	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4359	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4360	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4361
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4362	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4363	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4364	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4365
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4366	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4367	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4368	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4369	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4370	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4371	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4372
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4373	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4374	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4375	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4376
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4377	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4378	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4379	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4380	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4381
				4382	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4383
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4384	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4385	<h4><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4386	</div>
				4387
				4388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4389
				4390
				4391	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4392	<h4><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4393	</div>
				4394
				4395	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4396
				4397
				4398	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4399	<h4><a id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4400	</div>
				4401
				4402	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4403
				4404	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4405	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4406	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4407	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4408	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4409
				4410
				4411	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4412	<h4><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4413	<h4>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4414	</div>
				4415
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4416	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4417
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4418	<p>Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <a
				4419	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4420	Morphology</a>. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4421
				4422
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4423	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4424	<h4><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4425	</div>
				4426
				4427	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4428
				4429
				4430	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4431	<h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4432	</div>
				4433
				4434	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4435
				4436	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4437	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4438	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4439
				4440	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4441	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4442
				4443	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4444	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4445	</p>
				4446
				4447	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4448	<h4><a id="name"></a>-name</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4449	</div>
				4450
				4451	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4452	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4453	<h4><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4454	</div>
				4455
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4456	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4457
				4458	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4459
				4460	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4461	<h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4462	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4463	</div>
				4464
				4465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4466
				4467	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4468
				4469	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4470
				4471	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4472
				4473	<pre class="text">
				4474	Gaussian
				4475	Impulse
				4476	Laplacian
				4477	Multiplicative
				4478	Poisson
				4479	Random
				4480	Uniform
				4481	</pre>
				4482
				4483	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4484
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4485	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4486	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4487	added to an image. </p>
				4488
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4489
				4490	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4491	<h4><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4492	</div>
				4493
				4494	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4495
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4496	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4497	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4498	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4499
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4500	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4501	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4502	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4503	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4504
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4505	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4506	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4507	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4508	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4509
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4510	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4511	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4512	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4513
				4514	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4515
				4516
				4517	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4518	<h4><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519	</div>
				4520
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4521	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4522	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4523	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4524
				4525	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4526
				4527	<pre class="text">
cristy	a6d7cf7	2010-11-07 15:58:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4528	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				4529	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				4530	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				4531	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				4532	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				4533	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				4534	h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				4535	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				4536	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				4537	h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				4538	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				4539	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				4540	h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				4541	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				4542	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				4543	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				4544	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				4545	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				4546	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4547	</pre>
				4548
cristy	de36899	2010-11-05 14:32:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4549	<p> The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerbord dither
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4550	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
cristy	de36899	2010-11-05 14:32:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4551	personal or system <kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4552
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4553	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4554	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4555
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4556	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4557	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4558	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4559	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4560	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4561
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4562	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4563	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4564	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4565	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4566
				4567
				4568	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4569	<h4><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4570	</div>
				4571
				4572	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4573
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4574	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4575	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4576	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4577	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4578
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4579	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4580	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4581
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4582	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4583	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4584	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4585	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4586	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4587	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4588	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4589
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4590
				4591	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4592	<h4><a id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4593	</div>
				4594
				4595	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4596
				4597	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4598
				4599	<pre class="text">
				4600	bottom-left
				4601	bottom-right
				4602	left-bottom
				4603	left-top
				4604	right-bottom
				4605	right-top
				4606	top-left
				4607	top-right
				4608	undefined
				4609	</pre>
				4610
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4611	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4612	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4613
				4614
				4615	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4616	<h4><a id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4617	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4618	+page
				4619	</h4>
				4620	</div>
				4621
				4622	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4623
				4624	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4625
				4626	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4627
				4628	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4629	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4630	<thead>
				4631	<tr valign="top">
				4632	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4633	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4634	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4635	</tr>
				4636	</thead>
				4637	<tbody>
				4638	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4639	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4640	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4641	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4642	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4643	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4644	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4645	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4646	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4647	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4648	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4649	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4650	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4651	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4652	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4653	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4654	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4655	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4656	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4657	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4658	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4659	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4660	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4661	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4662	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4663	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4664	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4665	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4666	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4667	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4668	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4669	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4670	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4671	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4672	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4673	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4674	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4675	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4676	</tbody>
				4677	</table>
				4678
				4679
				4680
				4681
				4682	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4683
				4684	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4685
				4686	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4687
				4688	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4689
				4690	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4691
				4692	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4693	<h4><a id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4694	</div>
				4695
				4696	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4697
				4698	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4699
				4700	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4701	<h4><a id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4702
				4703	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4704
				4705	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4706	<h4><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4707	</div>
				4708
				4709	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4710
				4711	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4712
				4713	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4714	<h4><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4715	</div>
				4716
				4717	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4718
				4719	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4720
				4721	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4722	<h4><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4723	</div>
				4724
				4725	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4726
				4727	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4728	<h4><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4729	</div>
				4730
				4731	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4732
				4733	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4734	<h4><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4735	</div>
				4736
				4737	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4738
				4739	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4740
				4741	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4742	<h4><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4743	</div>
				4744
				4745	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4746
				4747	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4748	<h4><a id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4749	</div>
				4750
				4751	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4752
				4753	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4754	<h4><a id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4755	</div>
				4756
				4757	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4758
				4759	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4760
				4761	<pre class="text">
				4762	Rotate
				4763	Shear
				4764	Roll
				4765	Hue
				4766	Saturation
				4767	Brightness
				4768	Gamma
				4769	Spiff
				4770	Dull
				4771	Grayscale
				4772	Quantize
				4773	Despeckle
				4774	ReduceNoise
				4775	Add Noise
				4776	Sharpen
				4777	Blur
				4778	Threshold
				4779	EdgeDetect
				4780	Spread
				4781	Shade
				4782	Raise
				4783	Segment
				4784	Solarize
				4785	Swirl
				4786	Implode
				4787	Wave
				4788	OilPaint
				4789	CharcoalDrawing
				4790	JPEG
				4791	</pre>
				4792
				4793	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4794
				4795	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4796
				4797	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4798	<h4><a id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4799	</div>
				4800
				4801	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4802
				4803	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4804	<h4><a id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4805	</div>
				4806
				4807	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4808
				4809	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4810
				4811	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4812	<h4><a id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4813	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4814	</div>
				4815
				4816	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4817
				4818	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4819
				4820	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4821
				4822	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4823
				4824	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4825
				4826	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4827
				4828	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4829	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4830
				4831	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4832	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4833	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4834	</p>
				4835
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4836	<p>The <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				4837	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				4838	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4839	programming interface:</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4840
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4841	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename></span></p>
				4842	<p>where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4843	<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
				4844	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				4845	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4846	be included in the file.</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4847
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4848	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4849	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				4850	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4851	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4852
				4853
				4854	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4855	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4856	<h4><a id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4857	</div>
				4858
				4859	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4860
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4861	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4862
				4863	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4864
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4865	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4866
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4867	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4868
				4869	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4870
				4871	<pre class="text">
				4872	0: none
				4873	1: sub
				4874	2: up
				4875	3: average
				4876	4: Paeth
				4877	</pre>
				4878
				4879	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4880
				4881	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4882
				4883	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4884
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4885	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4886
				4887	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4888
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4889	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4890	<h4><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4891	</div>
				4892
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4893	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4894
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4895	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
				4896	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				4897	href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
				4898	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				4899	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4900
				4901
				4902	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4903	<h4><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4904	</div>
				4905
				4906	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4907
				4908	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4909	<h4><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4910	</div>
				4911
				4912	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4913
				4914	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4915	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4916
				4917	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4918	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4919	</p>
				4920
				4921
				4922	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4923	<h4><a id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4924	</div>
				4925
				4926	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4927
				4928	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4929	</p>
				4930
				4931	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4932
				4933	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4934	<h4><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4935	</div>
				4936
				4937	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4938
				4939	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4940	<h4><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4941	</div>
				4942
				4943	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4944
				4945	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4946	<h4><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4947	</div>
				4948
				4949	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4950
				4951	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4952	<h4><a id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4953	</div>
				4954
				4955	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4956
				4957	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4958	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4959	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4960
				4961	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4962	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4963	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4964	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4965	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4966
				4967	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4968	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4969	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4970	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4971	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4972	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4973
				4974	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4975	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4976	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4977	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4978	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4979	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4980
				4981	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4982	<h4><a id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4983	</div>
				4984
				4985	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4986
				4987	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4988
				4989	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4990
				4991	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4992	<h4><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4993	</div>
				4994
				4995	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4996
				4997	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4998
				4999	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				5000
				5001	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5002	<h4><a id="render"></a>-render</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5003	</div>
				5004
				5005	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5006
				5007	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				5008
				5009	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5010	<h4><a id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5011	</div>
				5012
				5013	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5014
				5015	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				5016	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				5017	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				5018
				5019	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5020
				5021	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				5022	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				5023	animation sequences. </p>
				5024
				5025	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				5026	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				5027	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				5028
				5029	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				5030	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				5031
				5032	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				5033	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				5034
				5035
				5036	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5037	<h4><a id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5038	</div>
				5039
				5040	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5041
				5042	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				5043
				5044	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				5045
				5046	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5047	<h4><a id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5048	</div>
				5049
				5050	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5051
				5052	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5053
				5054	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				5055
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5056	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				5057
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5058	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5059	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5060	<h4><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5061	</div>
				5062
				5063	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5064
				5065	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5066	<h4><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5067	</div>
				5068
				5069	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5070
				5071
				5072	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5073	<h4><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5074	</div>
				5075
				5076	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5077
				5078	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5079
				5080
				5081	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5082	<h4><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5083	</div>
				5084
				5085	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5086
				5087	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5088
				5089	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5090	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5091
				5092	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5093	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5094
				5095
				5096	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5097	<h4><a id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5098	</div>
				5099
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5100	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5101
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5102	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				5103	image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
				5104	pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5105
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5106	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5107	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
				5108	neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				5109	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				5110	the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5111
				5112	<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				5113	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				5114
				5115	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				5116	ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5117
				5118
				5119	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5120	<h4><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5121	</div>
				5122
				5123	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5124
				5125	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5126
				5127	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5128	<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5129	</div>
				5130
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5131	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5132
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5133	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				5134	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
				5135
				5136	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5137	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
				5138	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				5139	completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5140
				5141	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				5142	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
				5143	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				5144	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				5145	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				5146	light conditions. </p>
				5147
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5148
				5149	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5150	<h4><a id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5151	</div>
				5152
				5153	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5154
				5155	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5156
				5157	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5158	<h4><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5159	</div>
				5160
				5161	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5162
				5163	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5164
				5165	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5166	<h4><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5167	</div>
				5168
				5169	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5170
				5171	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5172	<h4><a id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5173	</div>
				5174
				5175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5176
				5177	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5178
				5179	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5180
				5181	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5182	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5183
				5184
				5185	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5186	<h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5187	</div>
				5188
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5189	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5190	<h4>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5191	</div>
				5192
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5193	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5194
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5195	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
				5196
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5197	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5198	<h4><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5199	</div>
				5200
				5201	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5202
				5203	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5204	<h4><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5205	</div>
				5206
				5207	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5208
				5209	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5210
				5211	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5212
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5213
				5214
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5215	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5216	<h4><a id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
				5217	<h4>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5218	</div>
				5219
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5220	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5221	image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5222
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5223	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				5224	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
				5225	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				5226	appropriate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5227
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5228	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
				5229	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				5230	href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				5231	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
				5232	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
				5233	the same name. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5234
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5235	<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
				5236	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5237	'properity' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
				5238	>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
				5239	</p>
				5240
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5241	<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
				5242	using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
				5243	>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				5244	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
				5245	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5246
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5247	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
				5248	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
				5249	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				5250
				5251	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
				5252	<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
				5253	'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
				5254	'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
				5255
				5256	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				5257	the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				5258	see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				5259	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
				5260	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
				5261	attribute. </p>
				5262
				5263	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				5264	For example,</p>
				5265
				5266	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5267	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				5268	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
				5269	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				5270
				5271	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
				5272	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
				5273	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5274	href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are globel in scope, they
				5275	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
				5276	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				5277	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				5278
				5279	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
				5280	<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
				5281	a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
				5282	'attribute' or 'properity'. </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5283
				5284	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				5285	with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5286
				5287
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5288
				5289	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5290	<h4><a id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5291	</div>
				5292
				5293	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5294
				5295	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5296
				5297	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5298	<h4><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5299	</div>
				5300
				5301	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5302
				5303	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5304	<h4><a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5305	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5306	</div>
				5307
				5308	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5309
				5310	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5311
				5312	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5313	<h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5314	</div>
				5315
				5316	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5317
				5318	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5319
				5320	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5321	<h4><a id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5322	</div>
				5323
				5324	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5325
				5326	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5327
				5328	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5329
				5330	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5331	<h4><a id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5332	</div>
				5333
				5334	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5335
				5336	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5337
				5338	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5339
				5340	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5341
				5342	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5343
				5344	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5345	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5346
				5347	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5348	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5349	<h4><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5350	</div>
				5351
				5352	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5353
				5354	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5355
				5356	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5357	<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5358	</div>
				5359
				5360	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5361
				5362	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5363	<h4><a id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5364	</div>
				5365
				5366	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5367
				5368	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5369
				5370	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5371
				5372	<pre class="text">
				5373	192x128
				5374	384x256
				5375	768x512
				5376	1536x1024
				5377	3072x2048
				5378	</pre>
				5379
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5380	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5381	<h4><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5382	</div>
				5383
				5384	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5385
				5386	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5387
				5388	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2d67ddd	2011-02-13 15:38:23 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5389	<h4><a id="smush"></a>-smush <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5390	</div>
				5391
				5392	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>smush an image sequence together.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5393
				5394	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5395	<h4><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5396	</div>
				5397
				5398	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5399
				5400	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5401
				5402	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5403	<h4><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5404	</div>
				5405
				5406	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5407
				5408	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5409
				5410	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5411
				5412	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5413	<h4><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5414	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5415	</div>
				5416
				5417	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5418
				5419
				5420	<table class="doc">
				5421	<tbody>
				5422	<tr valign="top">
				5423	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5424	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5425	</tr>
				5426
				5427	<tr valign="top">
				5428	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5429	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5430	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5431	</tr>
				5432
				5433	<tr valign="top">
				5434	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5435	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5436	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5437	colors. </td>
				5438	</tr>
				5439
				5440	<tr valign="top">
				5441	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5442	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5443	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5444	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5445	</tr>
				5446
				5447	<tr valign="top">
				5448	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5449	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5450	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5451	</tr>
				5452
				5453	</tbody>
				5454	</table>
				5455
				5456	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5457	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5458	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5459	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5460	</p>
				5461
				5462	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5463	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5464	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5465	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5466	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5467
				5468	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5469	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5470	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5471	default value. </p>
				5472
				5473
				5474	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5475	<h4><a id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5476	</div>
				5477
				5478	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5479
				5480	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5481
				5482	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5483	<h4><a id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5484	</div>
				5485
				5486	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5487
				5488	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5489
				5490	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5491	<h4><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5492	</div>
				5493
				5494	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5495
				5496	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5497
				5498	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5499	<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5500	</div>
				5501
				5502	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5503
				5504	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5505
				5506	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5507	<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5508	</div>
				5509
				5510	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5511
				5512	<pre class="text">
				5513	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5514	double store pixels as doubles
				5515	float store pixels as floats
				5516	integer store pixels as integers
				5517	long store pixels as longs
				5518	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5519	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5520	</pre>
				5521
				5522	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5523	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5524
				5525	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5526	<h4><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5527	</div>
				5528
				5529	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5530
				5531	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5532
				5533	<pre class="text">
				5534	Any
				5535	Condensed
				5536	Expanded
				5537	ExtraCondensed
				5538	ExtraExpanded
				5539	Normal
				5540	SemiCondensed
				5541	SemiExpanded
				5542	UltraCondensed
				5543	UltraExpanded
				5544	</pre>
				5545
				5546	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5547
				5548	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5549
				5550	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5551	<h4><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5552	</div>
				5553
				5554	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5555
				5556	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5557	<h4><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5558	</div>
				5559
				5560	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5561
				5562	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5563
				5564	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5565
				5566	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5567	<h4><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5568	</div>
				5569
				5570	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5571
				5572	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5573
				5574	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5575	<h4><a id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5576	</div>
				5577
				5578	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5579
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5580	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				5581	the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
				5582	the following.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5583
				5584	<pre class="text">
				5585	Any
				5586	Italic
				5587	Normal
				5588	Oblique
				5589	</pre>
				5590
				5591	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5592
				5593	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5594	<h4><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5595	</div>
				5596
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5597	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5598
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5599	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				5600	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5601	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5602	be the "match score" image.</p>
				5603
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5604	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5605	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				5606	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				5607	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				5608	reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
				5609	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5610	possible matching loctions. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5611
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5612	<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5613	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5614	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5615
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5616
				5617	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5618	<h4><a id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5619	</div>
				5620
				5621	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5622
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5623	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				5624	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				5625	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5626
				5627	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5628	<h4><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5629	</div>
				5630
				5631	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5632
				5633	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5634
				5635	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5636	<h4><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h4>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5637	</div>
				5638
				5639	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5640
				5641	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5642	<h4><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5643	</div>
				5644
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5645	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5646
				5647	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5648	<h4><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5649	</div>
				5650
				5651	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5652
				5653	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5654
				5655	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5656
				5657	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5658	<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5659	</div>
				5660
				5661	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5662
				5663	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5664	<h4><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5665	</div>
				5666
				5667	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5668	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5669	-->
				5670
				5671	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5672
				5673	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5674
				5675	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5676	</p>
				5677
				5678	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5679
				5680	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5681	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5682
				5683
				5684	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5685	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5686	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5687
				5688	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5689	</p>
				5690
				5691	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5692	<h4><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5693	</div>
				5694
				5695	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5696
				5697	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5698
				5699	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5700
				5701	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5702	<h4><a id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5703	</div>
				5704
				5705	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5706
				5707	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5708	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5709	</div>
				5710
				5711	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5712
				5713	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5714
				5715	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5716	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5717	</div>
				5718
				5719	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5720
				5721	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5722	<h4><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5723	</div>
				5724
				5725	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5726
				5727	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5728
				5729	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5730
				5731	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5732	<h4><a id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5733	</div>
				5734
				5735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5736
				5737	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5738
				5739	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5740
				5741	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5742	<h4><a id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5743	</div>
				5744
				5745	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5746
				5747	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5748
				5749	<p>For example,</p>
				5750
				5751	<p class="crtsnip">
				5752	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5753	</p>
				5754
				5755	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5756
				5757
				5758	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5759	<h4><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5760	</div>
				5761
				5762	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5763
				5764	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5765
				5766	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5767
				5768	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5769	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5770
				5771
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5772	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5773	<h4><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5774	</div>
				5775
				5776	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5777
				5778	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5779	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5780	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5781	given. </p>
				5782
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5783	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5784	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5785
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5786	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5787	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5788	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5789	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5790	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5791	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5792	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5793
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5794	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5795	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5796	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5797
				5798
				5799	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5800	<h4><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5801	</div>
				5802
				5803	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5804
				5805	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5806	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5807	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5808	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5809	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5810
				5811	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5812	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5813	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5814	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5815	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5816	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5817	type. </p>
				5818
				5819	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5820
				5821	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5822	<h4><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5823	</div>
				5824
				5825	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5826
				5827	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5828	</p>
				5829
				5830	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5831	<h4><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5832	</div>
				5833
				5834	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5835
				5836
				5837	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5838	<h4><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5839	</div>
				5840
				5841	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5842
				5843	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5844
				5845	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5846
				5847	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5848
				5849	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5850	<h4><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5851	</div>
				5852
				5853	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5854
				5855	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5856
				5857	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5858	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5859	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5860	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5861
				5862	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5863	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5864	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5865
				5866
				5867	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5868	<h4><a id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5869	</div>
				5870
				5871	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5872	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5873
				5874	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5875
				5876	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5877	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5878
				5879	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5880
				5881	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5882	<h4><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5883	</div>
				5884
				5885	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5886
				5887	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5888
				5889	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5890
				5891
				5892	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5893	<h4><a id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5894	</div>
				5895
				5896	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5897
				5898	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5899
				5900
				5901	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5902	<h4><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5903	</div>
				5904
				5905	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5906
				5907
				5908	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5909	<h4><a id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5910	</div>
				5911
				5912	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5913
				5914	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5915
				5916
				5917	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5918	<h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5919	</div>
				5920
				5921	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5922
				5923	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5924
				5925	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5926
				5927	<pre class="text">
				5928	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5929	pixel (default 0).
				5930	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5931	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5932	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5933	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5934	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5935	</pre>
				5936
				5937
				5938	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5939	<h4><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5940	</div>
				5941
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5942	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5943
				5944
				5945	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5946	<h4><a id="version"></a>-version</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5947	</div>
				5948
				5949	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5950
				5951
				5952	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5953	<h4><a id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5954	</div>
				5955
				5956	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5957
				5958
				5959	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5960	<h4><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5961	</div>
				5962
				5963	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5964
				5965
				5966	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5967	<h4><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5968	</div>
				5969
				5970	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5971
				5972	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5973	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5974	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5975	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5976
				5977	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5978
				5979	<pre class="text">
				5980	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5981	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5982	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5983	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5984	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5985	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5986	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5987	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5988	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5989	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5990	tile: tile the image (default)
				5991	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5992	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5993	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5994	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5995	</pre>
				5996
				5997	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5998
				5999	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				6000	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				6001	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				6002	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				6003	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				6004
				6005	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				6006
				6007
				6008	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6009	<h4><a id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6010	</div>
				6011
				6012	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6013
				6014	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				6015
				6016	<pre class="text">
				6017	StaticGray
				6018	GrayScale
				6019	StaticColor
				6020	PseudoColor
				6021	TrueColor
				6022	DirectColor
				6023	default
				6024	visual id
				6025	</pre>
				6026
				6027	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				6028
				6029
				6030	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6031	<h4><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6032	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				6033	</div>
				6034
				6035	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				6036	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6037
				6038	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				6039	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				6040	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				6041	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				6042	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				6043
				6044
				6045	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6046	<h4><a id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6047	</div>
				6048
				6049	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6050
				6051	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				6052
				6053	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6054	<h4><a id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6055	</div>
				6056
				6057	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6058
				6059	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				6060
				6061	<table class="doc">
				6062	<col width="25%" />
				6063	<col width="75%" />
				6064	<thead>
				6065	<tr>
				6066	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				6067	<th>Description</th>
				6068	</tr>
				6069	</thead>
				6070	<tbody>
				6071	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				6072	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				6073	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				6074	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				6075	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				6076	</tbody>
				6077	</table>
				6078
				6079	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				6080
				6081	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				6082
				6083	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6084	<h4><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6085	</div>
				6086
				6087	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6088
				6089	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6090	<h4><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6091	</div>
				6092
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6094
				6095	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				6096	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6097
				6098	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6099	<h4><a id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6100	</div>
				6101
				6102	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6103
				6104	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				6105
				6106	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				6107
				6108	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				6109
				6110	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6111	<h4><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6112	</div>
				6113
				6114	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6115
				6116	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6117	<h4><a id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6118	</div>
				6119
				6120	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6121	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				6122
				6123	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6124	</div>
				6125	</div>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6126
				6127	</div>
				6128
				6129	<div id="linkbar">
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6130	<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6131	<span id="linkbar-center">
				6132	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6133	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6134	</span>
				6135	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				6136	</div>
				6137	<div class="footer">
cristy	7e41fe8	2010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6138	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6139	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
				6140	</div>
				6141	<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6142	<script type="text/javascript">
				6143	var _gaq = _gaq \|\| [];
				6144	_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-17690367-1']);
				6145	_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
				6146
				6147	(function() {
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6153	</body>
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