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cristy	29dc865	2015-05-12 16:26:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6	<html lang="en">
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7	<head>
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cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	9	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	10	<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
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				12	<meta name="description" content="ImageMagick® is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. It can read and write images in a variety of formats (over 200) including PNG, JPEG, JPEG-2000, GIF, WebP, Postscript, PDF, and SVG. Use ImageMagick to resize, flip, mirror, rotate, distort, shear and transform images, adjust image colors, apply various special effects, or draw text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves."/>
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cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	28	</head>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	29	<body>
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	30	<div class="main">
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	31	<div class="magick-masthead">
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cristy	ea2793e	2015-05-31 16:52:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	46	<a class="magick-nav-item " href="resources.html">Resources</a>
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cristy	5b8fe76	2015-06-09 16:24:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	48	<a class="magick-nav-item " href="http://nextgen.imagemagick.org/script/search.php">Search</a>
cristy	a1890f0	2015-05-15 23:32:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	49	<a class="magick-nav-item pull-right" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Community</a>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	50	</nav>
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Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	54	<div class="magick-header">
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href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#storage-type">‑storage‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	56
				57	<p class="lead magick-description">Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands: <a href="convert.html">convert</a> and <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
				58
				59	<div style="margin: auto;">
				60	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				61	</div>
				62
				63	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</p>
				64
				65	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				66	defaults to 1.</p>
				67
				68	<div style="margin: auto;">
				69	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				70	</div>
				71
				72	<p class="magick-description">Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</p>
				73
				74	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	75	option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a
				76	href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm.
				77	Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a
				78	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	79
				80	<div style="margin: auto;">
				81	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				82	</div>
				83
				84	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</p>
				85
				86	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				87	(<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				88	defaults to 1.</p>
				89
				90	<div style="margin: auto;">
				91	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h3>
				92	</div>
				93
				94	<p class="magick-description">Join images into a single multi-image file.</p>
				95
				96	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				97	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				98	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				99	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				100	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				101	adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				102	make distinct names for each image. </p>
				103
				104	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				105	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				106	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				107
				108	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				109	automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				110	where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				111	strings, such as '<code>%d</code>' or '<code>%03d</code>', are familiar to those
				112	who have used the standard <code>printf()</code>' C-library function. As an
				113	example, the command</p>
				114
				115	<pre>
				116	convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg
				117	</pre>
				118
				119	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				120	<a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				121	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
				122
				123	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				124	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...</p>
				125	<ol>
				126	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,</li>
				127	<li>the <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or</li>
				128	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				129	filename.</li>
				130	</ol>
				131
				132
				133	<div style="margin: auto;">
				134	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				135	<var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>y</sub></var>,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>[,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>]</h3>
				136	</div>
				137
				138	<p class="magick-description">Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</p>
				139
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	140	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				141	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	142
				143	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				144	quotes or without spaces. </p>
				145
				146	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				147	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				148	coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at
				149	position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the original
				150	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				151
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	152	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	153
				154	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				155	contains the transformed source image. The parameters
				156	<var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				157	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				158	image area are cut off.</p>
				159
				160	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				161	system: positive <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions
				162	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				163
				164	<p> If the translation coefficients <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and
				165	<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
				166	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				167
				168	<p>Scaling by the factors <var>s<sub>x</sub></var> and
				169	<var>s<sub>y</sub></var> in the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions,
				170	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				171
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	172	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				173	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<code>Affineprojection</code> for more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	174	information </p>
				175
				176
				177	<pre>
				178	-affine <var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,0,0,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>
				179	</pre>
				180
				181	<p>Translation by a displacement (<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>, <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				182
				183	<pre>
				184	-affine 1,0,0,1,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				185	</pre>
				186
				187	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle
				188	<var>a</var> by letting <var>c</var> = cos(<var>a</var>), <var>s</var>
				189	= sin(<var>a</var>), and using the following.</p>
				190
				191	<pre>
				192	-affine <var>c</var>,<var>s</var>,-<var>s</var>,<var>c</var>
				193	</pre>
				194
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	195	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a>
				196	transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="command-line-options.html#affine"
				197	>-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	198	of the individual transformations.</p>
				199
				200	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the
				201	matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				202
				203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				204	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <var>type</var></h3>
				205	</div>
				206
				207	<p class="magick-description">Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</p>
				208
				209	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				210	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <var>type</var> from the list below.</p>
				211
				212	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				213	<dt>Activate</dt>
				214	<dd>
				215	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally Set
				216	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				217	preserve existing (but specifically turned Off) transparency
				218	channel. </dd>
				219
				220	<dt>Associate</dt>
				221	<dd>
				222	associate the alpha channel with the image.</dd>
				223
				224	<dt>Deactivate</dt>
				225	<dd>
				226	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
				227	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</dd>
				228
				229	<dt>Disassociate</dt>
				230	<dd>
				231	disassociate the alpha channel from the image.</dd>
				232
				233	<dt>Set</dt>
				234	<dd>
				235	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				236	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				237	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</dd>
				238
				239	<dt>Opaque</dt>
				240	<dd>
				241	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				242	</dd>
				243
				244	<dt>Transparent</dt>
				245	<dd>
				246	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
				247	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				248	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				249	intact, but fully transparent. </dd>
				250
				251	<dt>Extract</dt>
				252	<dd>
				253	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
				254	'Off' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				255	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				256	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of 'Copy'.
				257	</dd>
				258
				259	<dt>Copy</dt>
				260	<dd>
				261	Turns 'On' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
				262	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				263	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				264	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </dd>
				265
				266	<dt>Shape</dt>
				267	<dd>
				268	As per 'Copy' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
				269	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				270	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
				271	</dd>
				272
				273	<dt>Remove</dt>
				274	<dd>
				275	Composite the image over the background color.
				276	</dd>
				277
				278	<dt>Background</dt>
				279	<dd>
				280	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				281	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				282	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				283	and thus can compress better.
				284	</dd>
				285	</dl>
				286
				287	<p>Note that while the obsolete <code>+matte</code> operation was the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	288	same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</code>", the <code>
				289	>-matte</code> operation was the same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
				290	Set</code>" and not "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</code>". </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	291
				292
				293	<div style="margin: auto;">
				294	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="annotate"></a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	295	-annotate <var>degrees</var> <var>text</var><br />
				296	-annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	297	</div>
				298
				299	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with text</p>
				300
				301	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise
				302	control over text annotations, use <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				303
				304
				305	<p>The values <var>Xdegrees</var> and <var>Ydegrees</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	306	control the shears applied to the text, while <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are offsets that give the location of the text relative any <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> setting and defaults to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	307
				308	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>
				309	or <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>x<var>degrees</var> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The
				310	direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <var>degrees</var> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical
				311	convention once it is realized that the positive <var>y</var>–direction is
				312	conventionally considered to be <var>downward</var> for images.)</p>
				313
				314	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix
				315	equation.</p>
				316
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	317	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	318
				319	<p>If <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the
				320	bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	321	probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	322	case leads to nice results.</p>
				323
				324	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <var>text</var>
				325	is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file
				326	<code>mytext.txt</code>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
				327	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				328
				329	<div style="margin: auto;">
				330	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h3>
				331	</div>
				332
				333	<p class="magick-description">Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when drawing fonts and lines.</p>
				334
				335	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				336	drawn. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				337	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				338	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				339	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
				340
				341	<div style="margin: auto;">
				342	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="append"></a>-append</h3>
				343	</div>
				344
				345	<p class="magick-description">Join current images vertically or horizontally.</p>
				346
				347	<p>This option creates a single longer image, by joining all the current
				348	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#append">+append</a> to
				349	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				350
				351	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				352	current <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	353	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
				354	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	355
				356
				357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				358	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <var>value</var></h3>
				359	</div>
				360
				361	<p class="magick-description">Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</p>
				362
				363	<p>If unset the value is equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition</p>
				364
				365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				366	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <var>password</var></h3>
				367	</div>
				368
				369	<p class="magick-description">Decrypt a PDF with a password.</p>
				370
				371	<p>Use this option to supply a <var>password</var> for decrypting
				372	a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The
				373	encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				374
				375	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>
				376	and <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				377
				378
				379	<div style="margin: auto;">
				380	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h3>
				381	</div>
				382
				383	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</p>
				384
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	385	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				386	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	387	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				388
				389	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
				390
				391	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				392	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				393	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
				394	</p>
				395
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	396	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	397	'<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	398	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				399	>-channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', channels are modified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	400	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				401
				402
				403
				404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				405	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h3>
				406	</div>
				407
				408	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust color levels of image.</p>
				409
				410	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	411	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				412	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	413	values. </p>
				414
				415	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
				416	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	417	for the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	418	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				419	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				420	defined images. </p>
				421
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	422	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				423	href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch"
				424	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				425	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level"
				426	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	427
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	428	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	429	special '<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	430	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
				431	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	432	'<var>sync</var>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
				433	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				434	transparency. </p>
				435
				436
				437	<div style="margin: auto;">
				438	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h3>
				439	</div>
				440
				441	<p class="magick-description">adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation).</p>
				442
				443	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				444	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				445	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				446
				447	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				448	camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				449	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				450	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	451	result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				452	href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	453
				454
				455	<div style="margin: auto;">
				456	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="average"></a>-average</h3>
				457	</div>
				458
				459	<p class="magick-description">Average a set of images.</p>
				460
				461	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				462
				463
				464	<div style="margin: auto;">
				465	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h3>
				466	</div>
				467
				468	<p class="magick-description">Display the image centered on a backdrop.</p>
				469
				470	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding
				471	other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is
				472	specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format
				473	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				474
				475	<div style="margin: auto;">
				476	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="background"></a>-background <var>color</var></h3>
				477	</div>
				478
				479	<p class="magick-description">Set the background color.</p>
				480
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	481	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				482	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	483	specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				484
				485	<div style="margin: auto;">
				486	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bench"></a>-bench <var>iterations</var></h3>
				487	</div>
				488
				489	<p class="magick-description">Measure performance.</p>
				490
				491	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <var>iterations</var> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance,
				492	consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the
				493	-duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent
				494	to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
				495
				496	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	497	-> convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	498	Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710
				499	</pre>
				500
				501	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per
				502	second, using 4 threads and 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for
				503	a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
				504
				505	<div style="margin: auto;">
				506	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bias"></a>-bias <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				507	</div>
				508
				509	<p class="magick-description">Add bias when convolving an image.</p>
				510
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	511	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	512	positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				513
				514	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing
				515	with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				516	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				517	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at
				518	zero.</p>
				519
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	520	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	521	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				522	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				523
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	524	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				525	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				526	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				527	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages or this
				528	<a
				529	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	530	entry. </p>
				531
				532	<div style="margin: auto;">
				533	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h3>
				534	</div>
				535
				536	<p class="magick-description">Use black point compensation.</p>
				537
				538	<div style="margin: auto;">
				539	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				540	</div>
				541
				542	<p class="magick-description">Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</p>
				543
				544	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				545	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	546	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	547
				548
				549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blend"></a>-blend <var>geometry</var></h3>
				551	</div>
				552
				553	<p class="magick-description">blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</p>
				554
				555	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				556	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				557	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				558	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
				559	<code>-blend 30%</code> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				560	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <code>-blend 30x70%</code>.</p>
				561
				562
				563	<div style="margin: auto;">
				564	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <var>x</var>,<var>y</var></h3>
				565	</div>
				566
				567	<p class="magick-description">Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</p>
				568
				569	<div style="margin: auto;">
				570	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <var>factor</var></h3>
				571	</div>
				572
				573	<p class="magick-description">simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</p>
				574
				575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				576
				577	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	578	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blur"></a>-blur <var>radius</var><br />-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	579	</div>
				580
				581	<p class="magick-description">Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</p>
				582
				583	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	584	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	585
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	586	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	587
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	588	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	589	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				590
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	591	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	592	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				593	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				594	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				595	</p>
				596
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	597	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the slower the
				598	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				599	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				600	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	601	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				602
				603	<p>This option differs from <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				604	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				605	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				606	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				607
				608	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				609	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				610	</p>
				611
				612
				613	<div style="margin: auto;">
				614	<h3 class="magick-header">-blur <var>Width</var>[x<var>Height</var>[+<var>Angle</var>]]</h3>
				615	</div>
				616
				617	<p class="magick-description">Variably blur an image according to the overlay mapping.</p>
				618
				619	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				620	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				621	mapping. </p>
				622
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	623	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <var>Width</var> and <var >Height</var>. The <var >Height</var>
				624	defaults to the <var >Width</var> for a normal circular Gaussian
				625	weighting. The <var >Angle</var> will rotate the ellipse from
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	626	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				627
				628	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				629	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				630	</p>
				631
				632
				633	<div style="margin: auto;">
				634	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="border"></a>-border <var>geometry</var></h3>
				635	</div>
				636
				637	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border of color. </p>
				638
				639	<p>Set the width and height using the <var>size</var> portion of the
				640	<var>geometry</var> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				641	ignored. </p>
				642
				643	<p>As of IM 6.7.8-8, the <var>geometry</var> arguments behave as follows:</p>
				644
				645	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				646	<dt><var>value</var></dt>
				647	<dd>value is added to both left/right and top/bottom</dd>
				648	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd></dt>
				649	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				650	<dt><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				651	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				652	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				653	<dd>value-x is added to left/right and value-y added to top/bottom</dd>
				654	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>0</dt>
				655	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				656	<dt>0<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				657	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				658	<dt><var>value</var>%</dt>
				659	<dd>value % of width is added to left/right and value % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				660	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>%</dt>
				661	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and to top/bottom</dd>
				662	<dt>x<var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				663	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and to left/right</dd>
				664	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				665	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and value-y % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				666	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd>0%</dt>
				667	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				668	<dt>0%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				669	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				670	</dl>
				671
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	672	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				673	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	674
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	675	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				676	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	677	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				678	size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				679	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				680	with the default compose method of '<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may
				681	be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				682	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				683	functionality.</p>
				684
				685	<div style="margin: auto;">
				686	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				687	</div>
				688
				689	<p class="magick-description">Set the border color.</p>
				690
				691	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				692
				693	<p>The default border color is <code>#DFDFDF</code>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				694
				695	<div style="margin: auto;">
				696	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <var>geometry</var> </h3>
				697	</div>
				698
				699	<p class="magick-description">Set the border width.</p>
				700
				701	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	702	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var><br />-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var>{x<var>contrast</var>}{<var>%</var>}}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	703	</div>
				704
				705	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</p>
				706
				707	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				708	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				709	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				710	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				711	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				712	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				713
				714	<p>You may also use <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				715	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				716	transformation to all channels.</p>
				717
				718	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				719	linear transform and applied
				720	using <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				721
				722	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				723	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				724	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				725	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				726	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				727
				728	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				729	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
				730
				731	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				732	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				733	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				734	totally black.</p>
				735
				736	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				737	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
				738
				739	<div style="margin: auto;">
				740	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cache"></a>-cache <var>threshold</var></h3>
				741	</div>
				742
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	743	<p class="magick-description">(This option has been replaced by the <a href='command-line-options.html#limit'>-limit</a> option).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	744
				745	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	746	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="canny"></a>-canny <var>radius</var><br/>-canny <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+lower-percent</var>}{<var>+upper-percent</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	747	</div>
				748
				749	<p class="magick-description">Canny edge detector uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image.</p>
				750
				751	<p>The thresholds range from 0 to 100% (e.g. -canny 0x1+10%+30%) with {<var>+lower-percent</var>} < {<var>+upper-percent</var>}. If {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+lower-percent</var>} remains the same, lesser edge components will be detected, but their lengths will be the same. If {<var>+lower-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is the same, the same number of edge components will be detected but their lengths will be shorter. The default thresholds are shown. The <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var> controls a gaussian blur applied to the input image to reduce noise and smooth the edges.</p>
				752
				753	<div style="margin: auto;">
				754	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="caption"></a>-caption <var>string</var></h3>
				755	</div>
				756
				757	<p class="magick-description">Assign a caption to an image.</p>
				758
				759	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				760	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				761	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</code>". </p>
				762
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	763	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				764	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	765	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
				766	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				767
				768	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				769	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				770	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				771
				772	<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				773	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				774	instead.</p>
				775
				776	<p>For example,</p>
				777
				778	<pre>
				779	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				780	</pre>
				781
				782	<p>produces an image caption of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				783	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				784	480.</p>
				785
				786
				787	<div style="margin: auto;">
				788	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <var>filename</var></h3>
				789	</div>
				790
				791	<p class="magick-description">color correct with a color decision list.</p>
				792
				793	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				794
				795	<pre>
				796	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				797	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				798	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				799	<SOPNode>
				800	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				801	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				802	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				803	</SOPNode>
				804	<SATNode>
				805	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				806	</SATNode>
				807	</ColorCorrection>
				808	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
				809	</pre>
				810
				811	<div style="margin: auto;">
				812	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="channel"></a>-channel <var>type</var></h3>
				813	</div>
				814
				815	<p class="magick-description">Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</p>
				816
				817	<p>Choose from: <code>Red</code>, <code>Green</code>, <code>Blue</code>,
				818	<code>Alpha</code>, <code>Gray</code>, <code>Cyan</code>, <code>Magenta</code>,
				819	<code>Yellow</code>, <code>Black</code>, <code>Opacity</code>,
				820	<code>Index</code>, <code>RGB</code>, <code>RGBA</code>, <code>CMYK</code>, or
				821	<code>CMYKA</code>.</p>
				822
				823	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
				824	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<code>R</code>', '<code>G</code>',
				825	'<code>B</code>', '<code>A</code>', '<code>O</code>', '<code>C</code>',
				826	'<code>M</code>', '<code>Y</code>', '<code>K</code>'.
				827
				828	For example, to only select the <code>Red</code> and <code>Blue</code> channels
				829	you can either use </p>
				830	<pre>
				831	-channel Red,Blue
				832	</pre>
				833	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				834	<pre>
				835	-channel RB
				836	</pre>
				837
				838	<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
				839	special channel type <code>All</code>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				840	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				841	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				842
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	843	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	844
				845	<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
				846	'<code>Sync</code>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
				847	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				848	synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				849	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				850	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				851	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
				852
				853	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
				854	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
				855	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
				856	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
				857	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
				858
				859	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<code>Convolve</code>' method
				860	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				861	the '<code>Sync</code>' flag to modify the behavior of pixel colors according
				862	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				863	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				864	contribute to the final result. </p>
				865
				866	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
				867	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				868	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<code>Sync</code>' flag.
				869	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				870	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				871	</p>
				872
				873	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				874	channel</a>.</p>
				875
				876	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value
				877	'<code>RGBK,sync</code>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				878	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				879	to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	880	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				881	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	882
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	883	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	884	include the following.
				885
				886	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				887	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
				888	<a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				889	<a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>,
				890	<a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a>,
				891	<a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a>,
				892	<a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a>,
				893	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				894	<a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>,
				895	<a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				896	<a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				897	<a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a>,
				898	<a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a>,
				899	<a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
				900	<a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
				901	<a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
				902	<a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>,
				903	<a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a>,
				904	<a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				905	<a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				906	<a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				907	<a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
				908	<a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>,
				909	<a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
				910	<a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				911	</p>
				912
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	913	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				914	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				915	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	916	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				917	flag. </p>
				918
				919	<p>For example <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	920	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	921	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
				922
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	923	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				924	href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				925	color channels if the '<code>alpha</code>' channel is also enabled by <a
				926	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	927	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				928	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
				929	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>
				930	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
				931	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
				932
				933	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
				934	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	935	alpha channel present, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				936	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				937	href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	938
				939
				940
				941	<div style="margin: auto;">
				942	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <var>factor</var></h3>
				943	</div>
				944
				945	<p class="magick-description">Simulate a charcoal drawing.</p>
				946
				947	<div style="margin: auto;">
				948	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="chop"></a>-chop <var>geometry</var></h3>
				949	</div>
				950
				951	<p class="magick-description">Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</p>
				952
				953	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>width</var>
				954	and <var>height</var> given in the of the <var>size</var>
				955	portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the number of
				956	columns and rows to remove. The <var>offset</var> portion of
				957	the <var>geometry</var> argument is influenced by
				958	a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				959
				960	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				961	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				962
				963	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more
				964	typically used with as <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	965	offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a
				966	href="command-line-options.html#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from opposite
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	967	sides of the image. </p>
				968
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	969	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a
				970	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <var>geometry</var> and <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	971
				972	<div style="margin: auto;">
				973	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h3>
				974	</div>
				975
				976	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				977
				978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				979	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h3>
				980	</div>
				981
				982	<p class="magick-description">Apply the clipping path if one is present.</p>
				983
				984	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				985
				986	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				987
				988	<pre>
				989	convert cockatoo.tif -clip -negate negated.tif
				990	</pre>
				991
				992	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				993
				994	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires SVG support. If the SVG
				995	delegate library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				996
				997	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">+clip</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				998
				999	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1000	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h3>
				1001	</div>
				1002
				1003	<p class="magick-description">Clip the image as defined by this mask.</p>
				1004
				1005	<p>Use the alpha channel of the current image as a mask. Any areas that is
				1006	white is not modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow,
				1007	until the mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask are
				1008	modified per the requirements of the operator. </p>
				1009
				1010	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1011	a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1012	mask (third) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1013	operation. </p>
				1014
				1015	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">+clip-mask</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1016
				1017	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1018	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <var>id</var></h3>
				1019	</div>
				1020
				1021	<p class="magick-description">Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</p>
				1022
				1023	<p>This is identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> except choose a specific clip path in the event the image has more than one path available. </p>
				1024
				1025	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">+clip-path</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1026
				1027	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1028	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clone"></a>-clone <var>index(s)</var></h3>
				1029	</div>
				1030
				1031	<p class="magick-description">make a clone of an image (or images).</p>
				1032
				1033	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1034	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1035	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1036	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1037
				1038	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				1039	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
				1040	example, <code>−1</code>
				1041	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				1042	dash (e.g. <code>0−4</code>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1043	spaces (e.g. <code>0,2,5</code>). A value of '<code>0−−1</code> will
				1044	effectively clone all the images. </p>
				1045
				1046	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1047	in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
				1048	'<code>−1</code>'. </p>
				1049
				1050	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1051	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h3>
				1052	</div>
				1053
				1054	<p class="magick-description">Replace the channel values in the first image using each corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor <b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</p>
				1055
				1056	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1057	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1058	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1059	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1060	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1061
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1062	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1063	href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1064	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1065	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<code>bilinear</code>' and
				1066	'<code>bicubic</code>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1067	gradients, and the '<code>integer</code>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1068	lookup of color values. </p>
				1069
				1070	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1071	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1072
				1073	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1074	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1075	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <code>RGB</code>, this means that
				1076	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1077	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1078	set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1079	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1080	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1081
				1082	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1083	transparency (i.e. <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1084	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1085	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
				1086	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1087	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1088	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1089	</p>
				1090
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1091	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1092	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1093	of a 3D color cube. </p>
				1094
				1095
				1096	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1097	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h3>
				1098	</div>
				1099
				1100	<p class="magick-description">Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</p>
				1101
				1102	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1103	its <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1104	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1105	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1106	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1107	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1108	images. </p>
				1109
				1110	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1111	the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<code>optimize</code>', although
				1112	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1113	better than the original. </p>
				1114
				1115
				1116	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1117	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <var>value</var></h3>
				1118	</div>
				1119
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1120	<p class="magick-description">Colorize the image by an amount specified by <var>value</var> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1121
				1122	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1123	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1124	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1125	values (e.g., <code>-colorize 0,0,50</code>).</p>
				1126
				1127	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1128	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <var>type</var></h3>
				1129	</div>
				1130
				1131	<p class="magick-description">Define the colormap type.</p>
				1132
				1133	<p>The <var>type</var> can be <code>shared</code> or <code>private</code>.</p>
				1134
				1135	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1136	is <code>PseudoColor</code> or <code>GrayScale</code>. Refer
				1137	to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1138	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1139	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1140	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1141	If <code>private</code> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1142	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <var>technicolor</var>
				1143	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				1144
				1145	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1146	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colors"></a>-colors <var>value</var></h3>
				1147	</div>
				1148
				1149	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</p>
				1150
				1151	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1152	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1153	unique colors than specified by <var>value</var> will have any
				1154	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1155	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1156	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1157	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1158	the <a href="quantize.html">
				1159	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				1160
				1161	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1162	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></h3>
				1163	</div>
				1164
				1165	<p class="magick-description">apply color correction to the image.</p>
				1166
				1167	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1168	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1169	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1170	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1171	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1172	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				1173
				1174	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1175
				1176	<pre>
				1177	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1178	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1179	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1180	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1181	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1182	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1183	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1184	</pre>
				1185	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1186	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <var>value</var></h3>
				1187	</div>
				1188
				1189	<p class="magick-description">Set the image colorspace.</p>
				1190
				1191	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1192
				1193	<pre>
				1194	CMY CMYK Gray HCL
				1195	HCLp HSB HSI HSL
				1196	HSV HWB Lab LCHab
				1197	LCHuv LMS Log Luv
				1198	OHTA Rec601YCbCr Rec709YCbCr RGB
				1199	scRGB sRGB Transparent xyY
				1200	XYZ YCbCr YCC YDbDr
				1201	YIQ YPbPr YUV
				1202	</pre>
				1203
				1204	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1205
				1206	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the linear RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option. Note, ImageMagick assumes the sRGB colorspace if the image format does not indicate otherwise. For colorspace conversion, the gamma function is first removed to produce linear RGB.</p>
				1207
				1208	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1209	<caption>Conversion of RGB to Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1210	<tr><th valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1211	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>−R</td></tr>
				1212	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>−G</td></tr>
				1213	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>−B</td></tr>
				1214	<tr><th valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1215	<tr><td valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1216	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(C−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1217	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(M−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1218	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(Y−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1219
				1220	<tr><th valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1221	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1222
				1223	<tr><th valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1224	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1225	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1226	<tr><td valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1227
				1228	<tr><th valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1229	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1230	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1231	<tr><td valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1232
				1233	<tr><th valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1234	<tr><td valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1235	<tr><td valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1236	<tr><td valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1237
				1238	<tr><th valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1239	<tr><td valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1240	<tr><td valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1241	<tr><td valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1242
				1243	<tr><th valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1244	<tr><td valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1245	<tr><td valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1246	<tr><td valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1247
				1248	<tr><th valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1249	<tr><td valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1250	<tr><td valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1251	<tr><td valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1252
				1253	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1254	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1255
				1256	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1257	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1258	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1259	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1260
				1261	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1262	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B</td></tr>
				1263
				1264	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1265	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1266	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1267	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1268
				1269	<tr><th valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1270	<tr><td valign="middle">if R ≤ .0.0031308 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1271	<tr><td valign="middle">if G ≤ .0.0031308 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1272	<tr><td valign="middle">if B ≤ .0.0031308 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1273
				1274	<tr><th valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1275	<tr><td valign="middle">X=0.4124564R+0.3575761G+0.1804375*B</td></tr>
				1276	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2126729R+0.7151522G+0.0721750*B</td></tr>
				1277	<tr><td valign="middle">Z=0.0193339R+0.1191920G+0.9503041*B</td></tr>
				1278
				1279	<tr><th valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1280	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=(0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1281	<tr><td valign="middle">C1=(−0.298839R−0.586811G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1282	<tr><td valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.586811G−0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1283
				1284	<tr><th valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1285	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1286	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1287	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1288
				1289	<tr><th valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1290	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1291	<tr><td valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1292	<tr><td valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1293
				1294	<tr><th valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1295	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1296	<tr><td valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1297	<tr><td valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1298
				1299	<tr><th valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1300	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1301	<tr><td valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1302	<tr><td valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1303	</table>
				1304
				1305	<p>Note the scRGB colorspace requires HDRI support otherwise it behaves just like linear RGB.</p>
				1306
				1307	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1308	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h3>
				1309	</div>
				1310
				1311	<p class="magick-description">Combine one or more images into a single image.</p>
				1312
				1313	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the
				1314	combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the
				1315	sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <code>RGB</code>, this
				1316	means the first image is assigned to the <code>Red</code> channel, the second
				1317	to the <code>Green</code> channel, the third to the <code>Blue</code>.</p>
				1318
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1319	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a
				1320	href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1321	Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the
				1322	original. </p>
				1323
				1324	<pre>
				1325	convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png
				1326	convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \
				1327	-combine imagecopy.png
				1328	</pre>
				1329
				1330	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1331	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="comment"></a>-comment <var>string</var></h3>
				1332	</div>
				1333
				1334	<p class="magick-description">Embed a comment in an image.</p>
				1335
				1336	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
				1337	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1338	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</code>". </p>
				1339
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1340	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1341	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1342	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
				1343	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1344
				1345	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1346	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1347	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1348
				1349	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1350	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				1351	instead.</p>
				1352
				1353	<p>For example,</p>
				1354
				1355	<pre>
				1356	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				1357	</pre>
				1358
				1359	<p>produces an image comment of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				1360	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1361	480.</p>
				1362
				1363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1364	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compare"></a>-compare</h3>
				1365	</div>
				1366
				1367	<p class="magick-description">mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction</p>
				1368
				1369	<p>This is a convert version of "<code>compare</code>" for two same sized images. The syntax is as follows, but other metrics are allowed.</p>
				1370
				1371	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1372	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare \ <br/> difference.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1373	</pre>
				1374
				1375	<p>To get the metric value use the string format "%[distortion]".</p>
				1376
				1377	<pre>
				1378	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare -format \
				1379	"%[distortion]" info:
				1380	</pre>
				1381
				1382	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1383	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="complex"></a>-complex <var>operator</var></h3>
				1384	</div>
				1385
				1386	<p class="magick-description">perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</p>
				1387
				1388	Choose from these operators:
				1389
				1390	<pre>
				1391	add
				1392	conjugate
				1393	divide
				1394	magnitude-phase
				1395	multiply
				1396	real-imaginary
				1397	subtract
				1398	</pre>
				1399
				1400	<p>Optionally specify the <code>divide</code> operator SNR with <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> complex:snr=float</code>.</p>
				1401
				1402	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1403	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compose"></a>-compose <var>operator</var></h3>
				1404	</div>
				1405
				1406	<p class="magick-description">Set the type of image composition.</p>
				1407
				1408	<p>See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1409	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
				1410
				1411	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1412	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1413	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-compare</a>,
				1414	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a>,
				1415	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1416	<a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1417	<a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1418	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1419	<a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a>,
				1420	<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>,
				1421	and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
				1422
				1423	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<code>composite</code>"
				1424	command. </p>
				1425
				1426
				1427	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1428	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h3>
				1429	</div>
				1430
				1431	<p class="magick-description">Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</p>
				1432
				1433	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1434	according to the current <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1435	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1436	href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1437	settings. </p>
				1438
				1439	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale blending 'mask' image
				1440	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask is blended with the
				1441	source image. However for the '<code>displace</code>' compose method, the
				1442	mask is used to provide a separate Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1443
				1444	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1445	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1446	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:args</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1447	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
				1448
				1449	<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1450	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1451	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:outside-overlay</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1452	to '<code>false</code>'. </p>
				1453
				1454	<p>The SVG compositing specification requires that color and opacity values range between zero and QuantumRange inclusive. You can permit values outside this range with this option: <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:clamp=false</code></p>
				1455
				1456
				1457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1458	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compress"></a>-compress <var>type</var></h3>
				1459	</div>
				1460
				1461	<p class="magick-description">Use pixel compression specified by <var>type</var> when writing the image.</p>
				1462
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1463	<p>Choices are: <code>None</code>, <code>BZip</code>, <code
				1464	>Fax</code>, <code>Group4</code>, <code
				1465	>JPEG</code>, <code>JPEG2000</code>, <code
				1466	>Lossless</code>, <code>LZW</code>, <code
				1467	>RLE</code> or <code>Zip</code>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1468
				1469	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1470	compress</a>.</p>
				1471
				1472	<p>Specify <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an
				1473	uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified
				1474	image file.</p>
				1475
				1476	<p>If <code>LZW</code> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
				1477	enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be
				1478	read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1479
				1480	<p><code>Lossless</code> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
				1481	JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
				1482	not recommended.</p>
				1483
				1484	<p>
				1485	When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
				1486	PNG format, by specifying <code>Zip</code> compression.</p>
				1487
				1488	<p>
				1489	When writing a JNG file, specify <code>Zip</code> compression to request that
				1490	the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <code>JPEG</code>
				1491	to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
				1492
				1493	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
				1494	to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders.
				1495	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the
				1496	sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling
				1497	the chroma channels.</p>
				1498
				1499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1500	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="connected-components"></a>-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></h3>
				1501	</div>
				1502
				1503	<p class="magick-description">connected-components uniquely labeled, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</p>
				1504
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1505	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> connected-components:verbose=true</code> to output statistics associated with each unique label.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1506
				1507	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1508	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h3>
				1509	</div>
				1510
				1511	<p class="magick-description">Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1512
				1513	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and
				1514	darker elements of the image. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance
				1515	the image or <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image
				1516	contrast.</p>
				1517
				1518	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1519
				1520	<pre>
				1521	convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png
				1522	</pre>
				1523
				1524	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1525	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1526	</div>
				1527
				1528	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				1529
				1530	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1531	<var >black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1532
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1533	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				1534	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var >total pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1535	minus white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <var>black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>100% minus white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
				1536
				1537	<p>Note that <code>-contrast-stretch 0</code> will modify the image such that
				1538	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <var>QuantumRange</var>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1539	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize"
				1540	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <code>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</code> (or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1541	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <code>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</code>).</p>
				1542
				1543	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1544	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1545	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1546
				1547	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1548	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				1549	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1550	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1551
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1552	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1553	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1554
				1555	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				1556
				1557
				1558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1559	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <var>kernel</var></h3>
				1560	</div>
				1561
				1562	<p class="magick-description">Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</p>
				1563
				1564	<p>The <var>kernel</var> is a matrix specified as
				1565	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1566	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1567	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <var>kernel</var> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1568	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
				1569
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1570	<p>Note that the <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1571	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1572	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1573	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1574	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1575	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
				1576	</p>
				1577
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1578	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1579	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1580	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1581	href="high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1582	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1583	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1584	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1585	entry. </p>
				1586
				1587
				1588	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1589	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="copy"></a>-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></h3>
				1590	</div>
				1591
				1592	<p class="magick-description">copy pixels from one area of an image to another.</p>
				1593
				1594	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1595	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="crop"></a>-crop <var>geometry</var>{<var>@</var>}{<var>!</var>}</h3>
				1596	</div>
				1597
				1598	<p class="magick-description">Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</p>
				1599
				1600	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1601
				1602	<p>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the size of the image that remains
				1603	after cropping, and <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> in the
				1604	<var>offset</var> (if present) gives the location of the top left
				1605	corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the
				1606	amount to be removed, use <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1607
				1608	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1609	present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the
				1610	cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of
				1611	the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper
				1612	left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				1613	present with <code>NorthEast</code>, <code>East</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code>
				1614	gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1615	the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a
				1616	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <code>SouthWest</code>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1617	<code>South</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> gravity, the distance is measured
				1618	upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1619
				1620	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1621	omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input
				1622	image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if
				1623	the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1624
				1625	<p>You can add the <var>@</var> to the geometry argument to equally divide the image into the number of tiles generated.</p>
				1626
				1627	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1628	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1629	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1630	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1631	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1632
				1633	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1634	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1635	missed' warning given. </p>
				1636
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1637	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1638	cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the
				1639	upper-left corner of the visible image.
				1640
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1641	Similarly you may want to use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> after cropping to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1642	remove the page offset that will be left behind. This is especially true when
				1643	you are going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image
				1644	offset.</p>
				1645
				1646	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1647	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <var>amount</var></h3>
				1648	</div>
				1649
				1650	<p class="magick-description">displace image colormap by amount.</p>
				1651
				1652	<p><var>Amount</var> defines the number of positions each
				1653	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1654
				1655
				1656	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1657	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="debug"></a>-debug <var>events</var></h3>
				1658	</div>
				1659
				1660	<p class="magick-description">enable debug printout.</p>
				1661
				1662	<p>The <code>events</code> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
				1663	can be either <code>None</code>, <code>All</code>, <code>Trace</code>, or
				1664	a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains:
				1665	<code>Accelerate</code>, <code>Annotate</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Cache</code>,
				1666	<code>Coder</code>, <code>Configure</code>, <code>Deprecate</code>,
				1667	<code>Exception</code>, <code>Locale</code>, <code>Render</code>,
				1668	<code>Resource</code>, <code>Security</code>, <code>TemporaryFile</code>,
				1669	<code>Transform</code>, <code>X11</code>, or <code>User</code>. </p>
				1670
				1671
				1672	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1673
				1674	<pre>
				1675	convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png
				1676	</pre>
				1677
				1678	<p>The <code>User</code> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
				1679	events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1680
				1681	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1682	debug</a>.</p>
				1683
				1684	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging
				1685	output.</p>
				1686
				1687	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1688
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1689	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> <a href="resources.html#environment"
				1690	>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1691	environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a>
				1692	option.</p>
				1693
				1694
				1695	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1696	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				1697	</div>
				1698
				1699	<p class="magick-description">Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>.</p>
				1700
				1701	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				1702
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1703	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				1704	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1705	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1706
				1707
				1708	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1709	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h3>
				1710	</div>
				1711
				1712	<p class="magick-description">find areas that has changed between images </p>
				1713
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1714	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a
				1715	href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1716	a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image.
				1717	</p>
				1718
				1719	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation
				1720	sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the
				1721	animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1722
				1723	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a>
				1724	method '<code>compare-any</code>'. </p>
				1725
				1726
				1727	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1728	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="define"></a>-define <var>key</var>{<var>=value</var>}<var>...</var></h3>
				1729	</div>
				1730
				1731	<p class="magick-description">add specific global settings generally used to control coders and image processing operations.</p>
				1732
				1733	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1734	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1735	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1736	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1737	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format)
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1738	as "Artifacts". </p>
				1739
				1740	<p>If <var>value</var> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1741	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1742	options. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1743	previously created. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1744	existing definitions.</p>
				1745
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1746	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
				1747	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set "option:<var>key</var>" "<var>value</var>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1748	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1749
				1750	<p>The <var>option</var> and <var>key</var> are case-independent (they are
				1751	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <var>value</var>
				1752	is case-dependent.</p>
				1753
				1754	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and affect all images and operations. </p>
				1755
				1756	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1757	available:</p>
				1758
				1759	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1760	<tr>
				1761	<td>bmp:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1762	<td> valid values are <var>bmp2</var>, <var>bmp3</var>,
				1763	and <var>bmp4</var>. This option can be useful when the
				1764	method of prepending "BMP2:" to the output filename is inconvenient or
				1765	is not available, such as when using the <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a> utility.</td>
				1766	</tr>
				1767
				1768	<tr>
				1769	<td>colorspace:auto-grayscale=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1770	<td>prevent automatic conversion to grayscale inside coders that support
				1771	grayscale. This should be accompanied by -type truecolor. PNG and TIF do
				1772	not need this define. With PNG, just use PNG24:image. With TIF, just use
				1773	-type truecolor. JPG and PSD will need this define.</td>
				1774	</tr>
				1775
				1776	<tr>
				1777	<td>complex:snr=<var>value</var></td>
				1778	<td>Set the divide SNR constant<a href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex</a></td>
				1779	</tr>
				1780
				1781	<tr>
				1782	<td>compose:args=<var>arguments</var></td>
				1783	<td>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ...
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1784	-composite. See <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/compose.html"
				1785	>Image Composition</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1786	</tr>
				1787
				1788	<tr>
				1789	<td>compose:clamp=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1790	<td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged. Define supported in ImageMagick 6.9.1-3 and above.</td>
				1791	</tr>
				1792
				1793	<tr>
				1794	<td>convolve:scale=<var>{kernel_scale}[!^] [,{origin_addition}] [%]</var></td>
				1795	<td>Defines the kernel scaling. The special flag ! automatically scales to
				1796	full dynamic range. The ! flag can be used in combination with a factor or
				1797	percent. The factor or percent is then applied after the automatic scaling.
				1798	An example is 50%!. This produces a result 50% darker than full dynamic
				1799	range scaling. The ^ flag assures the kernel is 'zero-summing', for
				1800	example when some values are positive and some are negative as in edge
				1801	detection kernels. The origin addition adds that value to the center
				1802	pixel of the kernel. This produces and effect that is like adding the image
				1803	that many times to the result of the filtered image. The typical value
				1804	is 1 so that the original image is added to the result of the convolution.
				1805	The default is 0.</td>
				1806	</tr>
				1807
				1808	<tr>
				1809	<td>convolve:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1810	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a specified <a
				1811	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology convolve</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1812	</tr>
				1813
				1814	<tr>
				1815	<td>dcm:display-range=<var>reset</var></td>
				1816	<td>Sets the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
				1817	DCM image format.</td>
				1818	</tr>
				1819
				1820	<tr>
				1821	<td>dds:cluster-fit=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1822	<td>Enables the dds cluster-fit.</td>
				1823	</tr>
				1824
				1825	<tr>
				1826	<td>dds:compression=<var>dxt1\|dxt5\|none</var></td>
				1827	<td>Sets the dds compression.</td>
				1828	</tr>
				1829
				1830	<tr>
				1831	<td>dds:mipmaps=<var>value</var></td>
				1832	<td>Sets the dds number of mipmaps.</td>
				1833	</tr>
				1834
				1835	<tr>
				1836	<td>dds:weight-by-alpha=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1837	<td>Enables the dds alpha weighting.</td>
				1838	</tr>
				1839
				1840	<tr>
				1841	<td>delegate:bimodal=<var>true</var></td>
				1842	<td>Specifies direct conversion from Postscript to PDF.</td>
				1843	</tr>
				1844
				1845	<tr>
				1846	<td>distort:scale=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1847	<td>Sets the output scaling factor for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				1848	>-distort</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1849	</tr>
				1850
				1851	<tr>
				1852	<td>distort:viewport=<var>WxH+X+Y</var></td>
				1853	<td>Sets the viewport for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a></td>
				1854	</tr>
				1855
				1856	<tr>
				1857	<td>dot:layout-engine=<var>value</var></td>
				1858	<td>Specifies the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
				1859	<code>neato</code>).</td>
				1860	</tr>
				1861
				1862	<tr>
				1863	<td>filter:option=<var>value</var></td>
				1864	<td>Set a filter option for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>.
				1865	See <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> for details.</td>
				1866	</tr>
				1867
				1868	<tr>
				1869	<td>fourier:normalize=<var>inverse</var></td>
				1870	<td>Sets the location for the FFT/IFT normalization as use by
				1871	<a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+-fft</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+-ift</a>. The default is
				1872	<var>forward</var>.</td>
				1873	</tr>
				1874
				1875	<tr>
				1876	<td>h:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1877	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				1878	<var>format</var> can be any output format supported by ImageMagick
				1879	except for <var>h</var> and <var>magick</var></td>. If this
				1880	option is omitted, the default is <var>GIF</var> for PseudoClass
				1881	images and <var>PNM</var> for DirectClass images.
				1882	</tr>
				1883
				1884	<tr>
				1885	<td>icon:auto-resize</td>
				1886	<td>Automatically stores multiple sizes when writing an ico image
				1887	(requires a 256x256 input image).</td>
				1888	</tr>
				1889
				1890	<tr>
				1891	<td>jp2:layer-number=<var>value</var></td>
				1892	<td>Sets the maximum number of quality layers to decode. Same for JPT, JC2,
				1893	and J2K</td>
				1894	</tr>
				1895
				1896	<tr>
				1897	<td>jp2:number-resolutions=<var>value</var></td>
				1898	<td>Sets the number of resolutions to encode.Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1899	</tr>
				1900
				1901	<tr>
				1902	<td>jp2:progression-order=<var>value</var></td>
				1903	<td>choose from LRCP, RLCP, RPCL, PCRL or CPRL. Same for JPT, JC2, and
				1904	J2K</td>
				1905	</tr>
				1906
				1907	<tr>
				1908	<td>jp2:quality=<var>value,value...</var></td>
				1909	<td>Sets the quality layer PSNR, given in dB. The order is from left to
				1910	right in ascending order. The default is a single lossless quality layer.
				1911	Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1912	</tr>
				1913
				1914	<tr>
				1915	<td>jp2:rate=<var>value</var></td>
				1916	<td>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1917	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1918	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1919	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
				1920	results in a rate value of 0.06641. Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1921	</tr>
				1922
				1923	<tr>
				1924	<td>jp2:reduce-factor=<var>value</var></td>
				1925	<td>Sets the number of highest resolution levels to be discarded.Same for
				1926	JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1927	</tr>
				1928
				1929	<tr>
				1930	<td>jpeg:block-smoothing=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1931	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1932	</tr>
				1933
				1934	<tr>
				1935	<td>jpeg:colors=<var>value</var></td>
				1936	<td>Set the desired number of colors and let the JPEG encoder do the
				1937	quantizing.</td>
				1938	</tr>
				1939
				1940	<tr>
				1941	<td>jpeg:dct-method=<var>value</var></td>
				1942	<td>Choose from <code>default</code>, <code>fastest</code>,
				1943	<code>float</code>, <code>ifast</code>, and <code>islow</code>.</td>
				1944	</tr>
				1945
				1946	<tr>
				1947	<td>jpeg:extent=<var>value</var></td>
				1948	<td>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <code>-define
				1949	jpeg:extent=400KB</code>. The JPEG encoder will search for the highest
				1950	compression quality level that results in an output file that does not
				1951	exceed the value. The <code>-quality</code> option is ignored if it
				1952	is also present.</td>
				1953	</tr>
				1954
				1955	<tr>
				1956	<td>jpeg:fancy-upsampling=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1957	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1958	</tr>
				1959
				1960	<tr>
				1961	<td>jpeg:optimize-coding=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1962	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1963	</tr>
				1964
				1965	<tr>
				1966	<td>jpeg:q-table=<var>table</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1967	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1968	</tr>
				1969
				1970	<tr>
				1971	<td>jpeg:sampling-factor=<var>sampling-factor-string</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1972	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1973	</tr>
				1974
				1975	<tr>
				1976	<td>jpeg:size=<var>geometry</var></td>
				1977	<td>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for
				1978	example, <code>-define jpeg:size=128x128</code>.
				1979	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
				1980	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</td>
				1981	</tr>
				1982
				1983	<tr>
				1984	<td>json:features</td>
				1985	<td>includes features in verbose information</td>
				1986	</tr>
				1987
				1988	<tr>
				1989	<td>json:limit</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1990	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1991	</tr>
				1992
				1993	<tr>
				1994	<td>json:locate</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	1995	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1996	</tr>
				1997
				1998	<tr>
				1999	<td>json:moments</td>
				2000	<td>includes image moments in verbose information</td>
				2001	</tr>
				2002
				2003	<tr>
				2004	<td>magick:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2005	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				2006	This is the same as "h:format=format" described above.</td>.
				2007	</tr>
				2008
				2009	<tr>
				2010	<td>mng:need-cacheoff</td>
				2011	<td>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</td>
				2012	</tr>
				2013
				2014	<tr>
				2015	<td>morphology:compose=<var>compose-method</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2016	<td>Specifies how to merge results generated by multiple<a
				2017	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel. The default is none. One
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2018	typical value is 'lighten' as used, for example, with the sobel edge
				2019	kernels. </td>
				2020	</tr>
				2021
				2022	<tr>
				2023	<td>morphology:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2024	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2025	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2026	</tr>
				2027
				2028	<tr>
				2029	<td>pcl:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
				2030
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2031	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2032	<td>pdf:fit-page=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2033	<td> geometry specifies the scaling dimensions for resizing when the PDF is
				2034	being read. The geometry is either WxH{%} or page size. No offsets are
				2035	allowed. (introduced in IM 6.8.8-8)</td>
				2036	</tr>
				2037
				2038	<tr>
				2039	<td>pdf:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2040	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2041	</tr>
				2042
				2043	<tr>
				2044	<td>pdf:use-cropbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2045	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2046	</tr>
				2047
				2048	<tr>
				2049	<td>pdf:use-trimbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2050	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2051	</tr>
				2052
				2053	<tr>
				2054	<td>png:bit-depth=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2055	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2056	</tr>
				2057	<tr>
				2058	<td>png:color-type=<var>value</var></td>
				2059	<td>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				2060	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				2061	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				2062	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				2063	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				2064	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				2065	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				2066	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				2067	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a>,
				2068	<a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> directives to
				2069	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				2070	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
				2071	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
				2072	8-bit depth.</td>
				2073	</tr>
				2074
				2075	<tr>
				2076	<td>png:compression-filter=<var>value</var></td>
				2077	<td> valid values are 0 through 9. 0-4 are the corresponding PNG filters,
				2078	5 means adaptive filtering except for images with a colormap, 6 means
				2079	adaptive filtering for all images, 7 means MNG "loco" compression, 8 means
				2080	Z_RLE strategy with adaptive filtering, and 9 means Z_RLE strategy with no
				2081	filtering.</td>
				2082	</tr>
				2083
				2084	<tr>
				2085	<td>png:compression-level=<var>value</var></td>
				2086	<td> valid values are 0 through 9, with 0 providing the least but fastest
				2087	compression and 9 usually providing the best and always the slowest.</td>
				2088	</tr>
				2089
				2090	<tr>
				2091	<td>png:compression-strategy=<var>value</var></td>
				2092	<td> valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only,
				2093	rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib
				2094	that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2),
				2095	values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy
				2096	instead.</td>
				2097	</tr>
				2098
				2099	<tr>
				2100	<td>png:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2101	<td> valid values are <var>png8</var>, <var>png24</var>,
				2102	<var>png32</var>, <var>png48</var>,
				2103	<var>png64</var>, and <var>png00</var>.
				2104	This property can be useful for specifying
				2105	the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
				2106	format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
				2107	a PNG-encoded ICO file or when using <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.
				2108	Value = <var>png8</var> reduces the number of colors to 256,
				2109	only one of which may be fully transparent, if necessary. The other
				2110	values do not force any reduction of quality; it is an error to request
				2111	a format that cannot represent the image data without loss (except that
				2112	it is allowed to reduce the bit-depth from 16 to 8 for all formats).
				2113	Value = <var>png24</var> and <var>png48</var>
				2114	allow transparency, only if a single color is fully transparent and that
				2115	color does not also appear in an opaque pixel; such transparency is
				2116	written in a PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk.
				2117	Value = <var>png00</var> causes the image to inherit its
				2118	color-type and bit-depth from the input image, if the input was also
				2119	a PNG.</td>
				2120	</tr>
				2121
				2122	<tr>
				2123	<td>png:exclude-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2124
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2125	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2126	<td>png:include-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2127	<td>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				2128
				2129	<p>The <var>value</var> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				2130	as <var>bKGD</var>, a comma-separated list of chunk-names
				2131	(which can include the word <var>date</var>, the word
				2132	<var>all</var>, or the word <var>none</var>).
				2133	Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use all lowercase
				2134	names if you prefer.</p>
				2135
				2136	<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
				2137	of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
				2138
				2139	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is excluded and
				2140	the <code>gAMA</code> chunk is included, the <code>gAMA</code> chunk will
				2141	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				2142	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				2143	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				2144	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				2145
				2146	<pre>
				2147	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
				2148	</pre>
				2149
				2150	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is not excluded and
				2151	the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
				2152	the PNG encoder will write the <code>sRGB</code> chunk instead of the
				2153	entire ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
				2154	profile as an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
				2155	<code>sRGB</code> chunk, exclude the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.</p>
				2156
				2157	<p>The critical PNG chunks <code>IHDR</code>, <code>PLTE</code>,
				2158	<code>IDAT</code>, and <code>IEND</code> cannot be excluded. Any such
				2159	entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				2160
				2161	<p>If the ancillary PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk is excluded and the
				2162	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				2163	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				2164	<code>tRNS</code> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				2165	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				2166
				2167	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				2168	following for PNG output:</p>
				2169
				2170	<pre>
				2171	-define png:exclude-chunk=EXIF,iCCP,iTXt,sRGB,tEXt,zCCP,zTXt,date
				2172	</pre>
				2173
				2174	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
				2175	plus ImageMagick's private <code>vpAg</code> ("virtual page") chunk,
				2176	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				2177	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				2178	PNG specification.</p>
				2179
				2180	<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
				2181	if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
				2182	The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
				2183	<code>bKGD</code>, <code>cHRM</code>, <code>gAMA</code>, <code>iCCP</code>,
				2184	<code>oFFs</code>, <code>pHYs</code>, <code>sRGB</code>, <code>tEXt</code>,
				2185	<code>tRNS</code>, <code>vpAg</code>, and <code>zTXt</code>.</p>
				2186
				2187	<p>You can also put <code>date</code> in the list to include or exclude
				2188	the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
				2189	inserts in the output PNG.</p></td>
				2190	</tr>
				2191
				2192	<tr>
				2193	<td>png:preserve-colormap[=<var>true</var>]</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2194	<td>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2195	try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
				2196	the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
				2197	is suppressed.</td>
				2198	</tr>
				2199
				2200	<tr>
				2201	<td>png:preserve-iCCP[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2202	<td>By default, the PNG decoder and encoder examine any ICC profile
				2203	that is present, either from an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the PNG
				2204	input or supplied via an option, and if the profile is recognized
				2205	to be the sRGB profile, converts it to the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.
				2206	You can use <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code> to prevent
				2207	this from happening; in such cases the <code>iCCP</code> chunk
				2208	will be read or written and no <code>sRGB</code> chunk will be
				2209	written. There are some ICC profiles that claim to be sRGB but
				2210	have various errors that cause them to be rejected by libpng16; such
				2211	profiles are recognized anyhow and converted to the <code>sRGB</code>
				2212	chunk, but are rejected if the <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code>
				2213	is present. Note that not all "sRGB" ICC profiles are recognized
				2214	yet; we will add them to the list as we encounter them.</td>
				2215	</tr>
				2216
				2217	<tr>
				2218	<td>png:swap-bytes[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2219	<td>The PNG specification requires that any multi-byte integers be stored in
				2220	network byte order (MSB-LSB endian). This option allows you to
				2221	fix any invalid PNG files that have 16-bit samples stored incorrectly
				2222	in little-endian order (LSB-MSB). The "-define png:swap-bytes" option
				2223	must appear before the input filename on the commandline. The swapping
				2224	is done during the libpng decoding operation.</td>
				2225	</tr>
				2226
				2227	<tr>
				2228	<td>profile:skip=<var>name1,name2,...</var></td>
				2229	<td>Skip the named profile[s] when reading the image. Use skip="*" to
				2230	skip all named profiles in the image. Many named profiles exist,
				2231	including ICC, EXIF, APP1, IPTC, XMP, and others.</td>
				2232	</tr>
				2233
				2234	<tr>
				2235	<td>ps:imagemask</td>
				2236	<td>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will
				2237	create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript
				2238	imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</td>
				2239	</tr>
				2240
				2241	<tr>
				2242	<td>psd:alpha-unblend=off</td>
				2243	<td>Disables new automatic un-blending of transparency with the base image
				2244	for the flattened layer 0 before adding the alpha channel to the output
				2245	image. This define must be placed before the input psd image. (Available
				2246	as of IM 6.9.2.5). The automatic un-blending is new to IM 6.9.2.5 and
				2247	prevents the transparency from being applied twice in the output
				2248	image.</td>
				2249	</tr>
				2250
				2251	<tr>
				2252	<td>quantum:format=<var>type</var></td>
				2253	<td>Set the type to <code>floating-point</code> to specify a floating-point
				2254	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				2255	to preserve negative values. If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
				2256	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				2257	If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
				2258	double precision floating point format.</td>
				2259	</tr>
				2260
				2261	<tr>
				2262	<td>quantum:polarity=<var>photometric-interpretation</var></td>
				2263	<td>Set the photometric-interpretation of an image (typically for TIFF image
				2264	file format) to either <code>min-is-black</code> (default) or
				2265	<code>min-is-white</code>.</td>
				2266	</tr>
				2267
				2268	<tr>
				2269	<td>sample:offset=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2270	<td>Location of the sampling point within the sub-region being sampled,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2271	expressed as percentages (see <a href="command-line-options.html#sample" >-sample</a>).</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2272	</tr>
				2273
				2274	<tr>
				2275	<td>showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2276	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2277	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2278	</tr>
				2279
				2280	<tr>
				2281	<td>stream:buffer-size=<var>value</var></td>
				2282	<td>Set the stream buffer size. Select 0 for unbuffered I/O.</td>
				2283	</tr>
				2284
				2285	<tr>
				2286	<td>tiff:alpha=<var>associated\|unassociated\|unspecified</var></td>
				2287	<td>Specify the alpha extra samples as associated, unassociated or unspecified </td>
				2288	</tr>
				2289
				2290	<tr>
				2291	<td>tiff:endian=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2292	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2293	</tr>
				2294
				2295	<tr>
				2296	<td>tiff:exif-properties=<var>false</var></td>
				2297	<td>Skips reading the EXIF properties.</td>
				2298	</tr>
				2299
				2300	<tr>
				2301	<td>tiff:fill-order=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2302	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2303	</tr>
				2304
				2305	<tr>
				2306	<td>tiff:ignore-layers=<var>true</var></td>
				2307	<td>Ignores the photoshop layers.</td>
				2308	</tr>
				2309
				2310	<tr>
				2311	<td>tiff:ignore-tags=<var>comma-separate-list-of-tag-IDs</var></td>
				2312	<td>Allows one or more tag ID values to be ignored.</td>
				2313	</tr>
				2314
				2315	<tr>
				2316	<td>tiff:rows-per-strip=<var>value</var></td>
				2317	<td>Sets the number of rows per strip</td>
				2318	</tr>
				2319
				2320	<tr>
				2321	<td>tiff:tile-geometry=<var>WxH</var></td>
				2322	<td>Sets the tile size for pyramid tiffs. Requires the suffix
				2323	PTIF: before the outputname</td>
				2324	</tr>
				2325	</table>
				2326
				2327	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				2328	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				2329
				2330	<pre>
				2331	convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps
				2332	</pre>
				2333
				2334	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				2335	<code>registry:</code>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				2336	use:</p>
				2337
				2338	<pre>
				2339	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				2340	</pre>
				2341
				2342	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2343	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delay"></a>-delay <var>ticks</var> <br />-delay <var>ticks</var>x<var>ticks-per-second</var> {<var><</var>} {<var>></var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2344	</div>
				2345
				2346	<p class="magick-description">display the next image after pausing.</p>
				2347
				2348	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences
				2349	<var>ticks/ticks-per-second</var> seconds must expire before the display of the
				2350	next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image
				2351	sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				2352
				2353	<p>Use <code>></code> to change the image delay <var>only</var> if its current
				2354	value exceeds the given delay. <code><</code> changes the image delay
				2355	<var>only</var> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if
				2356	you specify <code>30></code> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
				2357	not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed
				2358	to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the
				2359	<code><</code> or <code>></code> from being interpreted by your shell as
				2360	a file redirection.</p>
				2361
				2362
				2363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2364	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delete"></a>-delete <var>indexes</var></h3>
				2365	</div>
				2366
				2367	<p class="magick-description">delete the images specified by index, from the image sequence.</p>
				2368
				2369	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				2370	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
				2371	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with
				2372	a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use
				2373	<code>+delete</code> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				2374
				2375
				2376	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2377	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="density"></a>-density <var>width</var><br />-density <var>width</var>x<var>height</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2378	</div>
				2379
				2380	<p class="magick-description">Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</p>
				2381
				2382	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster
				2383	image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such
				2384	as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution
				2385	provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2386	raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a
				2387	href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2388	instead.</p>
				2389
				2390	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one
				2391	point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are
				2392	normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300,
				2393	600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use
				2394	a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the
				2395	number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				2396
				2397	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the
				2398	stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image
				2399	resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not
				2400	stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using
				2401	its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard
				2402	file header.</p>
				2403
				2404	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option sets an <var>attribute</var> and
				2405	does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the
				2406	rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied
				2407	to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different
				2408	resolution, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				2409
				2410	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2411	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="depth"></a>-depth <var>value</var></h3>
				2412	</div>
				2413
				2414	<p class="magick-description">depth of the image.</p>
				2415
				2416	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option
				2417	to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
				2418	or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				2419
				2420	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2421	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h3>
				2422	</div>
				2423
				2424	<p class="magick-description">obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</p>
				2425
				2426	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2427	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <var>threshold</var></h3>
				2428	</div>
				2429
				2430	<p class="magick-description">straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</p>
				2431
				2432	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <code>option:deskew:auto-crop
				2433	<var>width</var></code> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
				2434	width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2435
				2436	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2437	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h3>
				2438	</div>
				2439
				2440	<p class="magick-description">reduce the speckles within an image.</p>
				2441
				2442	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2443	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="direction"></a>-direction <var>type</var></h3>
				2444	</div>
				2445
				2446	<p class="magick-description">render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</p>
				2447
				2448	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2449	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="displace"></a>-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var><br />-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>x<var>vertical-scale</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2450	</div>
				2451
				2452	<p class="magick-description">shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</p>
				2453
				2454	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				2455	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				2456	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2457	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2458	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2459	behind it. </p>
				2460
				2461	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2462	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2463	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2464	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2465
				2466	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2467	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2468	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2469	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2470	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2471	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2472	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2473
				2474	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2475	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				2476	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				2477	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				2478	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				2479	into the overlay area. </p>
				2480
				2481	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2482	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2483	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2484	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2485
				2486	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2487	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				2488	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
				2489	specify a third image which is normally used as a <var>mask</var>,
				2490	the <var>composite image</var> is used for horizontal X
				2491	displacement, while the <var>mask image</var> is used for vertical Y
				2492	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2493	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2494	the <var>scale</var> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				2495	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				2496	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
				2497
				2498	<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				2499	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2500	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2501	</p>
				2502
				2503	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
				2504	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2505	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2506
				2507
				2508	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2509	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="display"></a>-display <var>host:display[.screen]</var></h3>
				2510	</div>
				2511
				2512	<p class="magick-description">Specifies the X server to contact.</p>
				2513
				2514	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this
				2515	X server. See <var>X(1)</var>.</p>
				2516
				2517	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2518	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <var>method</var></h3>
				2519	</div>
				2520
				2521	<p class="magick-description">define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </p>
				2522
				2523	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2524	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2525	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2526	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2527
				2528	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2529
				2530	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2531	<dt>Undefined</dt><dd>0: No disposal specified (equivalent to '<code>none</code>').</dd>
				2532	<dt>None</dt><dd>1: Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.</dd>
				2533	<dt>Background</dt><dd>2: Clear the frame area with the background color.</dd>
				2534	<dt>Previous</dt><dd>3: Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.</dd>
				2535	</dl>
				2536
				2537	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2538	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2539
				2540	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
				2541
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2542	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2543	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2544
				2545	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>dispose</code>' method to set the image
				2546	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2547
				2548	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2549	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				2550	</div>
				2551
				2552	<p class="magick-description">maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</p>
				2553
				2554
				2555	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2556	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <var>src_percent</var>[x<var>dst_percent</var>]</h3>
				2557	</div>
				2558
				2559	<p class="magick-description">dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</p>
				2560
				2561	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2562	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <var>src_percent</var>
				2563	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
				2564	transparent at a value of '<code>200</code>'. If both percentages
				2565	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2566
				2567	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2568	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2569	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2570
				2571	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2572	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distort"></a>-distort <var>method arguments</var></h3>
				2573	</div>
				2574
				2575	<p class="magick-description">distort an image, using the given <var>method</var> and its required <var>arguments</var>.</p>
				2576
				2577	<p>The <var>arguments</var> is a single string containing a list
				2578	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2579	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <var>method</var> being used. </p>
				2580
				2581	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2582
				2583	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				2584	<tr>
				2585	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2586	<th>Description</th>
				2587	</tr>
				2588
				2589	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2590	<td>ScaleRotateTranslate <br/> SRT</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2591	<td>
				2592	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2593	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2594	is an alternative method of specifying a 'Affine' type of
				2595	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2596	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2597	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2598
				2599	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2600	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2601
				2602	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2603	<dt>2:</dt><dd><var>Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2604	<dt>3:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Angle</var></dd>
				2605	<dt>4:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2606	<dt>5:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle</var></dd>
				2607	<dt>6:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2608	<dt>7:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2609	</dl>
				2610
				2611	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
				2612	'Affine' or 'AffineProjection' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2613
				2614	<tr>
				2615	<td>Affine</td>
				2616	<td>
				2617	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2618	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
				2619	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2620	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2621	also the related 'AffineProjection' and 'SRT'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2622	distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2623
				2624	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2625	squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2
				2626	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2627	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
				2628	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2629	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2630	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2631
				2632	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2633	</td>
				2634
				2635	</tr>
				2636
				2637	<tr>
				2638	<td>AffineProjection</td>
				2639	<td>
				2640	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2641	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2642	the source image to the destination image.
				2643
				2644	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2645	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2646	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2647	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2648	</var></p>
				2649
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2650	See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2651	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2652
				2653	The distortions 'Affine' and 'SRT' provide
				2654	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2655	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2656	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2657	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2658
				2659	</tr>
				2660
				2661	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2662	<td>BilinearForward<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2663	BilinearReverse</td>
				2664	<td>
				2665	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2666	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2667	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2668	consistent. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2669
				2670	The 'BilinearForward' is used to map rectangles to any
				2671	quadrilateral, while the 'BilinearReverse' form maps any
				2672	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2673	in each case. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2674
				2675	Note that 'BilinearForward' can generate invalid pixels
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2676	which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2677	color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2678	may disappear. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2679
				2680	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2681	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2682	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2683
				2684	</td>
				2685	</tr>
				2686
				2687	<tr>
				2688	<td>Perspective</td>
				2689	<td>
				2690	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2691	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2692	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2693	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
				2694	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a 'Affine'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2695	linear distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2696
				2697	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2698	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2699	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2700	<a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2701	</tr>
				2702
				2703	<tr>
				2704	<td>PerspectiveProjection </td>
				2705	<td>
				2706	Do a 'Perspective' distortion biased on a set of 8
				2707	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2708	at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2709	'Perspective' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2710	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2711	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2712
				2713	</tr>
				2714
				2715	<tr>
				2716	<td>Arc</td>
				2717	<td>
				2718	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2719	a circle.
				2720
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2721	<p><dl class="dl-horizontal">
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2722	<dt>arc_angle</dt>
				2723	<dd>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</dd>
				2724	<dt>rotate_angle</dt>
				2725	<dd>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</dd>
				2726	<dt>top_radius</dt>
				2727	<dd>Set top edge of source image at this radius</dd>
				2728	<dt>bottom_radius </dt>
				2729	<dd>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2730	</dl></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2731
				2732	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2733	(as if using <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2734	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2735	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2736	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2737
				2738	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2739	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2740	conversion. </td>
				2741	</tr>
				2742
				2743	<tr>
				2744	<td>Polar</td>
				2745	<td>
				2746	Like 'Arc' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2747	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2748	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2749	angle limits. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2750
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2751	Arguments: <var>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</var> <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2752
				2753	All arguments are optional. With <var>Rmin</var> defaulting to zero, the
				2754	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2755	to +180 (top). If <var>Rmax</var> is given the special value of
				2756	'0', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2757	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2758	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2759	'-1' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2760	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2761	but will generate the exact reverse of a 'DePolar' with
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2762	the same arguments. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2763
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2764	If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2765	output image center will default to 0,0 of the virtual
				2766	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2767	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2768
				2769	</tr>
				2770
				2771	<tr>
				2772	<td>DePolar</td>
				2773	<td>
				2774	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a 'Polar' distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2775	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2776
				2777	The special <var>Rmax</var> setting of '0' may however clip
				2778	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2779	<var>Rmax</var> setting of '-1' (maximum center to corner
				2780	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2781	generated result, so that the same argument to 'Polar' will
				2782	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2783
				2784	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2785	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2786	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
				2787	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2788	a high quality result. </td>
				2789
				2790	</tr>
				2791
				2792	<tr>
				2793	<td>Barrel</td>
				2794	<td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2795	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2796	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2797	Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
				2798	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2799	lines straight again. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2800
				2801	<p class="text-center">Arguments: <var>A B C</var> [ <var>D</var> [
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2802	<var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] ] <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2803	or <var>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2804	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></var>
				2805	[ <var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] </p>
				2806	So that it forms the function
				2807	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r * ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2808	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2809
				2810	Where <var>X</var>,<var>Y</var> is the optional center of the distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2811	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2812	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2813	correct lens distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2814	</td>
				2815
				2816	</tr>
				2817
				2818	<tr>
				2819	<td>BarrelInverse</td>
				2820	<td>
				2821	This is very similar to 'Barrel' with the same set of
				2822	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2823	of the radial polynomial,
				2824	so that it forms the function
				2825	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r / ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2826	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2827	Note that this is not the reverse of the 'Barrel'
				2828	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2829
				2830	</td>
				2831	</tr>
				2832
				2833	<tr>
				2834	<td>Shepards</td>
				2835	<td>
				2836	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2837	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2838	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2839	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2840	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2841	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2842	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2843	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2844	their movement. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2845
				2846	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2847	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2848	position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2849
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2850	Internally it is equivalent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2851	href="command-line-options.html#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2852	the <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2853
				2854	</td>
				2855	</tr>
				2856
				2857	</table>
				2858
				2859	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				2860	distort</a>.</p>
				2861
				2862	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<code>Affine</code>',
				2863	'<code>Perspective</code>', and '<code>Shepards</code>' use a list control points
				2864	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2865	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2866	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2867	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2868	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2869	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2870	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2871	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2872	...
				2873	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2874	</var></p>
				2875	<p>where <var>U,V</var> on the source image is mapped to <var>X,Y</var> on the
				2876	destination image. </p>
				2877
				2878	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion,
				2879	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2880	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2881	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2882	understand.</p>
				2883
				2884	<pre>
				2885	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \
				2886	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \
				2887	rose_3d_rotated.gif"
				2888	</pre>
				2889
				2890	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2891	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2892	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2893	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2894	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
				2895	'<code>Affine</code>' distortion). </p>
				2896
				2897	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2898	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2899	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2900	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2901
				2902	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to a cylindrical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2903	resampling <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a>, using a special technique known as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2904	EWA resampling. This produces very high quality results, especially when
				2905	images become smaller (minified) in the output, which is very common when
				2906	using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion. For example here we view
				2907	a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the way to the horizon. </p>
				2908
				2909	<pre>
				2910	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \
				2911	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \
				2912	checks_tiled.jpg
				2913	</pre>
				2914
				2915	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2916	be very slow, because of the number of pixels that are compressed to generate
				2917	each individual pixel close to the 'horizon'. You can turn off EWA
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2918	resampling, by specifying the special <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2919	'<code>point</code>' (recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead).
				2920	</p>
				2921
				2922	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2923	example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> will use the current <a
				2924	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these pixels. If you do not
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2925	what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match the rest of the
				2926	ground. </p>
				2927
				2928	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2929	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2930	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2931	the plus form of the operator (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2932	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2933	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2934	may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2935	is unwanted. </p>
				2936
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2937	<p>Setting <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2938	href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2939	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2940	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2941
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2942	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define"
				2943	>-define</a> distort:viewport={geometry_string}</code>" setting which will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2944	specify the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the
				2945	distorted image space.</p>
				2946
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2947	<p>Setting a "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2948	distort:scale={scale_factor}</code>" will scale the output image (viewport or
				2949	otherwise) by that factor without changing the viewed contents of the
				2950	distorted image. This can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for
				2951	a higher quality result, or for panning and zooming around the image (with
				2952	appropriate viewport changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2953
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2954	<p>Setting "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> resample:verbose=1</code>"
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2955	will output the cylindrical filter lookup table created by the EWA (Elliptical
				2956	Weighted Average) resampling algorithm. Note this table uses a squared radius
				2957	lookup value. This is typically only used for debugging EWA resampling. </p>
				2958
				2959
				2960	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2961	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distribute-cache"></a>-distribute-cache <var>port</var></h3>
				2962	</div>
				2963
				2964	<p class="magick-description">launch a distributed pixel cache server. </p>
				2965
				2966	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2967	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dither"></a>-dither <var>method</var></h3>
				2968	</div>
				2969
				2970	<p class="magick-description">Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to
				2971	images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically
				2972	when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default.</p>
				2973
				2974	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the
				2975	eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This
				2976	reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of
				2977	a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of
				2978	colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				2979
				2980	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2981	setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2982	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2983	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2984	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2985	color gradients. </p>
				2986
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2987	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2988	href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a
				2989	href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2990	color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic
				2991	color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such
				2992	as <code>GIF:</code>, <code>XBM:</code>, and others, so dithering may also be used
				2993	in these cases. </p>
				2994
				2995	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	2996	to generate purely random dither. Or use <a
				2997	href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2998	patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2999
				3000
				3001	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3002	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="draw"></a>-draw <var>string</var></h3>
				3003	</div>
				3004
				3005	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</p>
				3006
				3007	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic
				3008	primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel
				3009	operations.</p>
				3010
				3011	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				3012
				3013	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3014	<dt>point</dt><dd> x,y</dd>
				3015	<dt>line</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3016	<dt>rectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3017	<dt>roundRectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc</dd>
				3018	<dt>arc</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1</dd>
				3019	<dt>ellipse</dt><dd> x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1</dd>
				3020	<dt>circle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3021	<dt>polyline</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3022	<dt>polygon</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3023	<dt>bezier</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3024	<dt>path</dt><dd>specification </dd>
				3025	<dt>image</dt><dd> operator x0,y0 w,h filename</dd>
				3026	</dl>
				3027
				3028	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				3029
				3030	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3031	<dt>text</dt><dd>x0,y0 string</dd>
				3032	</dl>
				3033	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				3034
				3035	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3036	<dt>gravity</dt><dd>NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast</dd>
				3037	</dl>
				3038
				3039	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3040	interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a
				3041	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3042	scope to the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				3043
				3044	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				3045
				3046	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3047	<dt>rotate</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3048	<dt>translate</dt><dd>dx,dy</dd>
				3049	<dt>scale</dt><dd>sx,sy</dd>
				3050	<dt>skewX</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3051	<dt>skewY</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3052	</dl>
				3053
				3054	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				3055
				3056	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3057	<dt>color</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3058	<dt>matte</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3059	</dl>
				3060
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3061	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a
				3062	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a
				3063	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the
				3064	"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a
				3065	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3066
				3067	<p>A <code>point</code> primitive is specified by a single <var>point</var> in the
				3068	pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates,
				3069	<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <code>point</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3070	primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a
				3071	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3072
				3073	<p>A <code>line</code> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				3074
				3075	<p>A <code>rectangle</code> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
				3076	upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				3077
				3078	<p>A <code>roundRectangle</code> primitive takes the same corner points as
				3079	a <code>rectangle</code> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
				3080	to be removed.</p>
				3081
				3082	<p>The <code>circle</code> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
				3083	Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				3084
				3085	<p>The <code>arc</code> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
				3086	to a given rectangle. An <code>arc</code> requires the two corners used for
				3087	<code>rectangle</code> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
				3088	arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end
				3089	points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment
				3090	of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				3091
				3092	<p>Use <code>ellipse</code> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
				3093	center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <var>semi-axes</var> of
				3094	the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150
				3095	0,360).</p>
				3096
				3097	<p>The <code>polyline</code> and <code>polygon</code> primitives require three or
				3098	more points to define their perimeters. A <code>polyline</code> is simply
				3099	a <code>polygon</code> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3100	point. When unfilled, this is a <var>polygonal line</var>. If the <a
				3101	href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <code>none</code> (the default), then
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3102	a <code>polyline</code> is identical to a <code>polygon</code>. </p>
				3103
				3104	<p>A <var>coordinate</var> is a pair of integers separated by a space or
				3105	optional comma. </p>
				3106
				3107	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to
				3108	150,150 use:</p>
				3109
				3110	<pre>
				3111	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				3112	</pre>
				3113
				3114	<p>The <code>Bezier</code> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
				3115	or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the
				3116	<var>knots</var> and these points are attained by the curve, while any
				3117	intermediate coordinates are <var>control points</var>. If two control points
				3118	are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective
				3119	control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If
				3120	one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one
				3121	control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If
				3122	more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points
				3123	act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order
				3124	to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the
				3125	<code>path</code> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
				3126	the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				3127
				3128	<pre>
				3129	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				3130	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				3131	</pre>
				3132
				3133	<p>A <code>path</code> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
				3134	moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw
				3135	a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the
				3136	current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths
				3137	(i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by
				3138	one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3139	<var>donut holes</var> in objects. (See <a
				3140	href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3141
				3142	<p>Use <code>image</code> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
				3143	image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and
				3144	filename:</p>
				3145
				3146	<pre>
				3147	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				3148	</pre>
				3149
				3150	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				3151	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				3152	dimensions. See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				3153	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
				3154
				3155	<p>The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
				3156	arguments cannot be used at present with the <code>-draw image</code> option.
				3157	</p>
				3158
				3159	<p>Use <code>text</code> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
				3160	coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in
				3161	single or double quotes.</p>
				3162
				3163	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <code>Works like
				3164	magick!</code> for an image titled <code>bird.miff</code>. </p>
				3165
				3166	<pre>
				3167	-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
				3168	</pre>
				3169
				3170	<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way
				3171	to annotate an image with text.</p>
				3172
				3173	<p>The <code>rotate</code> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3174	text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a
				3175	href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3176	option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the
				3177	region.</p>
				3178
				3179	<p>The <code>translate</code> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
				3180	primitives.</p>
				3181
				3182	<p>The <code>scale</code> primitive scales them.</p>
				3183
				3184	<p>The <code>skewX</code> and <code>skewY</code> primitives skew them with respect
				3185	to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				3186
				3187	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized
				3188	from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a>
				3189	option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
				3190	option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed
				3191	by the appearance of another <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option. If another
				3192	<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is
				3193	reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p>
				3194
				3195	<p>Use the <code>color</code> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
				3196	fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with
				3197	a method:</p>
				3198
				3199	<pre>
				3200	point
				3201	replace
				3202	floodfill
				3203	filltoborder
				3204	reset
				3205	</pre>
				3206
				3207	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The
				3208	<code>point</code> method recolors the target pixel. The <code>replace</code>
				3209	method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3210	<code>Floodfill</code> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
				3211	pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> recolors any neighbor
				3212	pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <code>reset</code> recolors all
				3213	pixels.</p>
				3214
				3215	<p>Use <code>matte</code> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
				3216	Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <code>color</code> primitive
				3217	for a description of methods). The <code>point</code> method changes the matte
				3218	value of the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> method changes the matte
				3219	value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3220	<code>Floodfill</code> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
				3221	color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3222	changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a
				3223	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <code>reset</code> changes the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3224	matte value of all pixels.</p>
				3225
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3226	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a
				3227	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#box">-box</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3228	respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use
				3229	these options <var>before</var> the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				3230
				3231	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather
				3232	than 1.png).</p>
				3233
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3234	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="magick-vector-graphics.html" >Magick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3235	Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				3236
				3237
				3238	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3239	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></h3>
				3240	</div>
				3241
				3242	<p class="magick-description">duplicate an image one or more times.</p>
				3243
				3244	<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence.
				3245	The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the
				3246	sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify
				3247	a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g.
				3248	0,2). Use <code>+duplicate</code> to duplicate the last image in the current
				3249	image sequence.</p>
				3250
				3251	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3252	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="edge"></a>-edge <var>radius</var></h3>
				3253	</div>
				3254
				3255	<p class="magick-description">detect edges within an image.</p>
				3256
				3257	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3258	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <var>radius</var></h3>
				3259	</div>
				3260
				3261	<p class="magick-description">emboss an image.</p>
				3262
				3263	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3264	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				3265	</div>
				3266
				3267	<p class="magick-description">Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>.</p>
				3268
				3269	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				3270
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3271	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				3272	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3273	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				3274
				3275
				3276
				3277	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3278	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <var>type</var></h3>
				3279	</div>
				3280
				3281	<p class="magick-description">specify the text encoding.</p>
				3282
				3283	<p>Choose from</p>
				3284
				3285	<pre>
				3286	AdobeCustom AdobeExpert
				3287	AdobeStandard AppleRoman
				3288	BIG5 GB2312
				3289	Latin 2 None
				3290	SJIScode Symbol
				3291	Unicode Wansung
				3292	</pre>
				3293
				3294	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3295	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="endian"></a>-endian <var>type</var></h3>
				3296	</div>
				3297
				3298	<p class="magick-description">Specify endianness (<code>MSB</code> or <code>LSB</code>) of the image.</p>
				3299
				3300	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				3301
				3302	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				3303
				3304
				3305	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3306	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h3>
				3307	</div>
				3308
				3309	<p class="magick-description">Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</p>
				3310
				3311
				3312	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3313	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h3>
				3314	</div>
				3315
				3316	<p class="magick-description">perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</p>
				3317
				3318	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the
				3319	image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then
				3320	equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				3321
				3322	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <code>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
				3323	-equalize -colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3324
				3325	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal
				3326	components transformation that puts most of the information in the first
				3327	channel. Here we have ... <code>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
				3328	-colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3329
				3330	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3331	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <var>operator value</var></h3>
				3332	</div>
				3333
				3334	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</p>
				3335
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3336	<p>(See the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator for some
				3337	multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3338	elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				3339
				3340	<p>The behaviors of each <var>operator</var> are summarized in the
				3341	following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to
				3342	below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while
				3343	a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum
				3344	(installation-dependent) value <var>QuantumRange</var>. (If
				3345	normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other
				3346	calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <var>QuantumRange</var>.)</p>
				3347
				3348	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3349	<col width="25%" />
				3350	<col width="75%" />
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3351	<thead>
				3352	<tr>
				3353	<th><var>operator</var></th>
				3354	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				3355	</tr>
				3356	</thead>
				3357	<tbody>
				3358
				3359	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
				3360	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels. </td></tr>
				3361	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels modulo <var>QuantumRange</var>.</td></tr>
				3362	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3363	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3364	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3365	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3366	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3367	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3368	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				3369	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Set pixels to maximum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently less than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3370	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <var>value</var> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
				3371	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
				3372	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Set pixels to minimum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently greater than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3373	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3374	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3375	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3376	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3377	<tr><td>RMS</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3378	<tr><td>RootMeanSquare</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3379	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3380	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3381	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <var>value</var> from pixels.</td></tr>
				3382	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <var>value.</var></td></tr>
				3383
				3384	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3385
				3386	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3387	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3388	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3389	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="command-line-options.html#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3390	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3391	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3392
				3393	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3394
				3395	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3396	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3397	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <var>value</var>. </td></tr>
				3398	</tbody>
				3399	</table>
				3400
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3401	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				3402	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3403	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				3404	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				3405	<code>Divide</code> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				3406	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<code>%</code>' to specify a value
				3407	as a percentage of the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3408
				3409	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				3410	<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				3411
				3412	<p>The results of the <code>Add</code>, <code>Subtract</code> and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3413	<code>Multiply</code> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				3414	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3415	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3416	Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				3417	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3418	'alpha' values.</p>
				3419
				3420	<p><code>AddModulus</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
				3421	addition modulo the <var>QuantumRange</var>. It is therefore
				3422	equivalent to <code>Add</code> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
				3423	interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. </p>
				3424
				3425	<p><code>Exp or Exponential</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
				3426	works on normalized pixel values. The <var>value</var> used with
				3427	<code>Exp</code> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
				3428	function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and
				3429	thus outside the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The
				3430	formula is expressed below. </p>
				3431
				3432	<p class="text-center">
				3433	exp(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b>)
				3434	</p>
				3435
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3436	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a href="command-line-options.html#-function"
				3437	>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3438	the result.</p>
				3439
				3440	<p><code>Log</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
				3441	normalized pixel values. This a <var>scaled</var> log function. The <var>value</var> used with <code>Log</code> provides a <var>scaling
				3442	factor</var> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The
				3443	formula applied to a normalized value <b><var>u</var></b> is below. </p>
				3444
				3445	<p class="text-center">
				3446	log(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b> + 1) / log(<var>value</var> + 1)
				3447	</p>
				3448
				3449	<p><code>Pow</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3450	normalized pixel values. Note that <code>Pow</code> is related to the <a
				3451	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3452	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3453	with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3454	with <code>Pow</code>.</p>
				3455
				3456	<p><code>Cosine</code> and <code>Sine</code> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				3457	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				3458	The synonyms <code>Cos</code> and <code>Sin</code> may also be used. The output
				3459	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				3460	range. The <var>value</var> scaling of the <var>period</var> of the
				3461	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				3462	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <var>value</var> is 1, the effective period is simply the <var>QuantumRange</var>; but if the <var>value</var> is 2,
				3463	then the effective period is the <var>half</var> the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3464
				3465	<p class="text-center">
				3466	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><var>u</var></b> × <var>value</var>).
				3467	</p>
				3468
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3469	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3470	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
				3471
				3472	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3473	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></h3>
				3474	</div>
				3475
				3476	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or
				3477	logical expression over a sequence of images.</p>
				3478
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3479	<p>To print a complete list of <a
				3480	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> operators, use <a
				3481	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3482
				3483	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3484	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extent"></a>-extent <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3485	</div>
				3486
				3487	<p class="magick-description">Set the image size and offset.</p>
				3488
				3489	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color.
				3490	To position the image, use offsets in the <var>geometry</var>
				3491	specification or precede with a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3492	specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				3493	>-compose</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3494
				3495	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				3496	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				3497	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				3498
				3499	<pre>
				3500	convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \
				3501	-gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg
				3502	</pre>
				3503
				3504	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3505
				3506	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3507	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extract"></a>-extract <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3508	</div>
				3509
				3510	<p class="magick-description">Extract the specified area from image.</p>
				3511
				3512	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw
				3513	image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				3514
				3515	<pre>
				3516	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \
				3517	image.rgb image.png",
				3518	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \
				3519	image.rgb image.png"
				3520	</pre>
				3521
				3522	<p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
				3523
				3524	<pre>
				3525	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \
				3526	image.rgb image.png
				3527	</pre>
				3528
				3529	<p>the image is <var>resized</var> to the specified dimensions instead,
				3530	equivalent to:</p>
				3531
				3532	<pre>
				3533	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png
				3534	</pre>
				3535
				3536	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3537
				3538	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3539	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="family"></a>-family <var>fontFamily</var></h3>
				3540	</div>
				3541
				3542	<p class="magick-description">Set a font family for text.</p>
				3543
				3544	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for
				3545	rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font
				3546	(e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g.,
				3547	"Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found). </p>
				3548
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3549	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				3550	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				3551	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3552
				3553	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3554	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="features"></a>-features <var>distance</var></h3>
				3555	</div>
				3556
				3557	<p class="magick-description">display (co-occurrence matrix) texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</p>
				3558
				3559	<pre>
				3560	Angular Second Moment Sum Entropy
				3561	Contrast Entropy
				3562	Correlation Difference Variance
				3563	Sum of Squares Variance Difference Entropy
				3564	Inverse Difference Moment Information Measure of Correlation 1
				3565	Sum Average Information Measure of Correlation 2
				3566	Sum Variance Maximum Correlation Coefficient
				3567	</pre>
				3568
				3569	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3570	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h3>
				3571	</div>
				3572
				3573	<p class="magick-description">implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				3574
				3575	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				3576	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal
				3577	(spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is
				3578	represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying
				3579	amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along
				3580	the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are
				3581	complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for
				3582	example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier
				3583	Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier
				3584	Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier
				3585	Transform</a>.</p>
				3586
				3587	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the
				3588	output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two
				3589	separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports
				3590	multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the
				3591	frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be
				3592	visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated
				3593	into a two-component image representation. The first component is the
				3594	magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3595	number. See for example, <a
				3596	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3597
				3598	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image
				3599	formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF,
				3600	PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these
				3601	formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				3602
				3603	<pre>
				3604	convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff
				3605	</pre>
				3606
				3607	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image.miff[0]</code> and a phase
				3608	image as <code>fft_image.miff[1]</code>. Similarly,</p>
				3609
				3610	<pre>
				3611	convert image.png -fft fft_image.png
				3612	</pre>
				3613
				3614	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image-0.png</code> and a phase image
				3615	as <code>fft_image-1.png</code>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3616	force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a
				3617	href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3618
				3619	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
				3620	is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input
				3621	image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom
				3622	and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3623	phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a
				3624	href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3625
				3626	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within
				3627	[0, <var>QuantumRange</var>], so that HDRI need not be enabled.
				3628	Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full
				3629	dynamic range. (The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not
				3630	scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain
				3631	very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In
				3632	order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log
				3633	function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to
				3634	enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can
				3635	be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				3636
				3637	<pre>
				3638	convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \
				3639	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png"
				3640	</pre>
				3641
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3642	<p>where either <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a
				3643	href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3644	range, first. The argument to the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log
				3645	typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of
				3646	detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more
				3647	visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				3648
				3649	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				3650	use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
				3651
				3652	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real
				3653	and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				3654
				3655	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values,
				3656	this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must
				3657	use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component
				3658	results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional
				3659	values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either
				3660	MIFF or TIF, one should add -define quantum:format=32, to allow those image
				3661	types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p>
				3662
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3663	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a
				3664	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3665	padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component
				3666	images.</p>
				3667
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3668	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				3669	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				3670	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				3671	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages, <a
				3672	href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html"
				3673	>Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a
				3674	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging" >Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3675	entry. </p>
				3676
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3677	<p>By default the FFT is normalized (and the IFT is not). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=forward</code> to explicitly normalize the FFT and unnormalize the IFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3678
				3679
				3680	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3681	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fill"></a>-fill <var>color</var></h3>
				3682	</div>
				3683
				3684	<p class="magick-description">color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</p>
				3685
				3686	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3687	HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="color.html" >Color Names</a> for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3688	a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				3689
				3690	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or
				3691	the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				3692
				3693	<p>For example,</p>
				3694
				3695	<pre>
				3696	-fill blue
				3697	-fill "#ddddff"
				3698	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				3699	</pre>
				3700
				3701	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				3702
				3703	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				3704
				3705	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3706	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="filter"></a>-filter <var>type</var></h3>
				3707	</div>
				3708
				3709	<p class="magick-description">Use this <var>type</var> of filter when resizing or distorting an image.</p>
				3710
				3711	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3712	operations such as <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				3713	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3714
				3715	<pre>
				3716	Point Hermite Cubic
				3717	Box Gaussian Catrom
				3718	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				3719	</pre>
				3720
				3721	<p>The <code>Bessel</code> and <code>Sinc</code> filter is also provided (as well
				3722	as a faster <code>SincFast</code> equivalent form). However these filters are
				3723	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				3724	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				3725	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
				3726
				3727	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3728	function that the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3729	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				3730	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
				3731
				3732	<pre>
				3733	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				3734	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				3735	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				3736	</pre>
				3737
				3738	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				3739	<code>Lagrange</code>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				3740	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				3741
				3742	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				3743	<code>Mitchell</code> for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or
				3744	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				3745	<code>Lanczos</code>.</p>
				3746
				3747	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				3748	filter</a> option.</p>
				3749
				3750	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3751	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> and <a
				3752	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3753
				3754	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				3755	<tr>
				3756	<td>-define filter:blur=<var>factor</var></td>
				3757	<td>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				3758	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				3759	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				3760	results. </td>
				3761	</tr>
				3762
				3763	<tr>
				3764	<td>-define filter:support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3765	<td>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				3766	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				3767	filters have a default 'preferred' support size. Some filters like
				3768	<code>Lagrange</code> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				3769	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				3770	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				3771	</td>
				3772	</tr>
				3773
				3774	<tr>
				3775	<td>-define filter:lobes=<var>count</var></td>
				3776	<td>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				3777	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				3778	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				3779	image distorts.</td>
				3780	</tr>
				3781
				3782	<tr>
				3783	<td>-define filter:sigma=<var>value</var></td>
				3784	<td>The 'sigma' value used to define the <code>Gaussian</code> filter. Default
				3785	sigma value is '<code>0.5</code>'. It only effects <code>Gaussian</code> but
				3786	does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used
				3787	to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due
				3788	to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<code>0.707</code>'
				3789	(a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </td>
				3790	</tr>
				3791
				3792	<tr>
				3793	<td>-define filter:b=<var>b-spline_factor</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3794	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3795	<td>-define filter:c=<var>keys_alpha_factor</var></td>
				3796	<td>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <code>Cubic</code>,
				3797	<code>Catrom</code>, <code>Mitchel</code>, and <code>Hermite</code>, as well as
				3798	the <code>Parzen</code> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
				3799	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter.
				3800	The values meaning was defined by a research paper by
				3801	Mitchell-Netravali.</td>
				3802	</tr>
				3803
				3804	<tr>
				3805	<td>-define filter:kaiser-beta=<var>value</var></td>
				3806	<td>The 'alpha' value used to as part of the Kaiser Windowing function.
				3807	Default value is '6.5'. It only effects Kaiser windowing function, and
				3808	does not effect any other attributes.
				3809	Before ImageMagick v6.7.6-10, this option was known as "filter:alpha", (an
				3810	inheritance from the very old "zoom" program). It was changed to bring the
				3811	function in line with more modern academic research usage, and better
				3812	assign it be more definitive. </td>
				3813	</tr>
				3814
				3815	<tr>
				3816	<td>-define filter:kaiser-alpha=<var>value</var></td>
				3817	<td>This value when multiplied by 'PI' is equivalent to "kaiser-beta", and
				3818	will override that setting. It only effects Kaiser windowing function,
				3819	and does not effect any other attributes. </td>
				3820	</tr>
				3821
				3822	<tr>
				3823	<td>-define filter:filter=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3824	<td>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow
				3825	you to directly use a windowing function such as <code>Blackman</code>,
				3826	as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing
				3827	function. If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set
				3828	to <code>Box</code>). Directly specifying <code>Sinc</code> or <code>Jinc</code>
				3829	as a filter will also do this. </td>
				3830	</tr>
				3831
				3832	<tr>
				3833	<td>-define filter:window=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3834	<td>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <code>Sinc</code> and
				3835	<code>Jinc</code> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3836	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				3837	function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters.
				3838	Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR
				3839	filters. A typical choices is <code>Box</code>, (which effectively turns
				3840	off the windowing function). </td>
				3841	</tr>
				3842
				3843	<tr>
				3844	<td>-define filter:win-support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3845	<td>Scale windowing function to this size instead. This causes the windowing
				3846	(or self-windowing Lagrange filter) to act is if the support window is
				3847	larger than what is actually supplied to the calling operator. The filter
				3848	however is still clipped to the real support size given. If unset this
				3849	will equal the normal filter support size. </td>
				3850	</tr>
				3851
				3852	<tr>
				3853	<td>-define filter:verbose=<var>1</var></td>
				3854	<td>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				3855	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				3856	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				3857	easily graphed. Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other filters. The <code>Lanczos</code> filter for example is defined in terms of
				3858	a <code>SincFast</code> windowed <code>SincFast</code> filter, while
				3859	<code>Mitchell</code> is defined as a general <code>Cubic</code> family filter
				3860	with specific 'B' and 'C' settings. </td>
				3861	</tr>
				3862
				3863	</table>
				3864
				3865	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe jinc windowed sinc filter (Genseng filter?):</p>
				3866
				3867	<pre>
				3868	convert image.png \
				3869	-filter sinc \
				3870	-set filter:window=jinc \
				3871	-set filter:lobes=8 \
				3872	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3873	</pre>
				3874
				3875	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3876
				3877	<pre>
				3878	convert image.png \
				3879	-set filter:filter=sinc \
				3880	-set filter:lobes=4 \
				3881	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3882	</pre>
				3883
				3884	<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with
				3885	a '<code>Box</code>' filter. For example the '<code>Welch</code> parabolic
				3886	windowing function. </p>
				3887
				3888	<pre>
				3889	convert null: -define filter:filter=Box \
				3890	-define filter:window=Welch \
				3891	-define filter:support=1.0 \
				3892	-define filter:verbose=1 \
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3893	-resize 2 null: > window_welch.dat
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3894	gnuplot
				3895	set grid
				3896	plot \"window_welch.dat\" with lines
				3897	</pre>
				3898
				3899	<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts
				3900	who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this
				3901	knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters
				3902	involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image
				3903	resizing.</p>
				3904
				3905
				3906	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3907	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h3>
				3908	</div>
				3909
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3910	<p class="magick-description">This is a simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3911
				3912
				3913	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3914	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h3>
				3915	</div>
				3916
				3917	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var></p>
				3918
				3919	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored
				3920	upside-down. </p>
				3921
				3922
				3923	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3924	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var> <var>color</var></h3>
				3925	</div>
				3926
				3927	<p class="magick-description">floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</p>
				3928
				3929	<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity effected.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3930	Any color that matches within <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3931	given <var>color</var> argument, connected to that 'seed point'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3932	will be replaced with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3933
				3934	<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3935	<var>color</var> (according to <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3936	action will be taken. </p>
				3937
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3938	<p>This operator works more like the <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> option, than
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3939	a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3940	point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="command-line-options.html#draw" >-draw</a> and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3941	its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p>
				3942
				3943
				3944	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3945	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h3>
				3946	</div>
				3947
				3948	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var>.</p>
				3949
				3950	<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in
				3951	a vertical mirror. </p>
				3952
				3953
				3954	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3955	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="font"></a>-font <var>name</var></h3>
				3956	</div>
				3957
				3958	<p class="magick-description">set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</p>
				3959
				3960	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list font</a>
				3961	option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3962
				3963	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3964	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <code>Arial.ttf</code>
				3965	is a TrueType font file, <code>ps:helvetica</code> is PostScript font, and
				3966	<code>x:fixed</code> is X11 font.</p>
				3967
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3968	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				3969	href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				3970	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3971
				3972
				3973	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3974	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <var>color</var></h3>
				3975	</div>
				3976
				3977	<p class="magick-description">Define the foreground color for menus.", "display</p>
				3978
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3979	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				3980	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3981
				3982	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3983
				3984	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3985	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format"></a>-format <var>type</var></h3>
				3986	</div>
				3987
				3988	<p class="magick-description">the image format type.</p>
				3989
				3990	<p>When used with the <code>mogrify</code> utility, this option converts any
				3991	image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	3992	For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a
				3993	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3994
				3995	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the
				3996	filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with
				3997	the image format type specified with <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a>. For
				3998	example, if you specify <var>tiff</var> as the format type and the
				3999	input image filename is <var>image.gif</var>, the output image
				4000	filename becomes <var>image.tiff</var>.</p>
				4001
				4002	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4003	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <var>string</var></h3>
				4004	</div>
				4005
				4006	<p class="magick-description">output formatted image characteristics.</p>
				4007
				4008	<p>See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4009	Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this
				4010	option.</p>
				4011
				4012	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4013	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame"></a>-frame <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4014	</div>
				4015
				4016	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</p>
				4017
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4018	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor"
				4019	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4020
				4021	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				4022	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				4023	in the <var>geometry</var> argument, then the border added is
				4024	a solid color. Offsets <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, if present, specify that
				4025	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				4026	thickness <var>x</var> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				4027	<var>y</var> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				4028	</p>
				4029
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4030	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				4031	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4032	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				4033	size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4034	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				4035	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4036	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4037	'<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				4038	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4039
				4040	<p>The image composition is not
				4041	affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				4042
				4043
				4044	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4045	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h3>
				4046	</div>
				4047
				4048	<p class="magick-description">include the X window frame in the imported image. </p>
				4049	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4050	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="function"></a>-function <var>function</var> <var>parameters</var></h3>
				4051	</div>
				4052
				4053	<p class="magick-description">Apply a function to channel values.</p>
				4054
				4055	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4056	each of the color values for each previously set <a
				4057	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a
				4058	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4059	calculations are handled.</p>
				4060
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4061	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a
				4062	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4063	ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				4064
				4065	<p>Here, <var>parameters</var> is a comma-separated list of
				4066	numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <var>function</var> is selected. Choose the <var>function</var> from:</p>
				4067
				4068	<pre>
				4069	Polynomial
				4070	Sinusoid
				4071	Arcsin
				4072	Arctan
				4073	</pre>
				4074
				4075	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> operators,
				4076	use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				4077
				4078	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4079	<dt>Polynomial</dt>
				4080	<dd><p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
				4081	these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.
				4082	That is, entering</p>
				4083
				4084	<pre>
				4085	-function Polynomial <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub>,<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub>,...<var>a</var><sub>1</sub>,<var>a</var><sub>0</sub>
				4086	</pre>
				4087
				4088	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				4089
				4090	<pre>
				4091	<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var></sup> + <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var>-1</sup> + ··· <var>a</var><sub>1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>a</var><sub>0</sub>,
				4092	</pre>
				4093
				4094	<p>where <b><var>u</var></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				4095
				4096	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function can be used in place of <code>Set</code>
				4097	(the <var>constant</var> polynomial) and <code>Add</code>, <code>Divide</code>,
				4098	<code>Multiply</code>, and <code>Subtract</code> (some <var>linear</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4099	polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a
				4100	href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4101	correspondences follow.</p>
				4102
				4103	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4104	<tr>
				4105	<td>-evaluate Set <var>value</var> </td>
				4106	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var></td>
				4107	<td>(Constant functions; set <var>value</var>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				4108	</tr>
				4109	<tr>
				4110	<td>-evaluate Add <var>value</var> </td>
				4111	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<var>value</var></td>
				4112	</tr>
				4113	<tr>
				4114	<td>-evaluate Subtract <var>value</var> </td>
				4115	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<var>value</var></td>
				4116	</tr>
				4117	<tr>
				4118	<td>-evaluate Multiply <var>value</var> </td>
				4119	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var>,0</td>
				4120	</tr>
				4121	<tr>
				4122	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				4123	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				4124	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				4125	</tr>
				4126	</table>
				4127
				4128	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function gives great versatility, since
				4129	polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy
				4130	desired.</p>
				4131
				4132	</dd>
				4133	<dt>Sinusoid</dt>
				4134	<dd>
				4135	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function can be used to vary the channel values
				4136	sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These
				4137	values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				4138
				4139	<pre>
				4140	-function <code>Sinusoid</code> <var>freq</var>,[<var>phase</var>,[<var>amp</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4141	</pre>
				4142
				4143	<p>where <var>phase</var> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function
				4144	corresponds to 0 through <var>freq</var>×360 degrees.)
				4145	The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally
				4146	<b><var>u</var></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				4147
				4148	<pre>
				4149	<var>amp</var> * sin(2π (<var>freq</var> * <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>phase</var> / 360)) + <var>bias</var>
				4150	</pre>
				4151
				4152	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9
				4153	(when <b><var>u</var></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between
				4154	.7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				4155
				4156	<pre>
				4157	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				4158	</pre>
				4159
				4160	<p>The default values of <var>amp</var> and <var>bias</var> are both .5. The default for <var>phase</var>
				4161	is 0.</p>
				4162
				4163	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function generalizes <code>Sin</code> and
				4164	<code>Cos</code> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
				4165	varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				4166
				4167	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4168	<tr>
				4169	<td>-evaluate Sin <var>freq</var> </td>
				4170	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,0 </td>
				4171	</tr>
				4172	<tr>
				4173	<td>-evaluate Cos <var>freq</var> </td>
				4174	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,90 </td>
				4175	</tr>
				4176	</table>
				4177	</dd>
				4178	<dt>ArcSin</dt>
				4179	<dd>
				4180	<p>The <code>ArcSin</code> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				4181	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				4182	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				4183	of values.</p>
				4184
				4185	<pre>
				4186	-function <code>ArcSin</code> <var>width</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4187	</pre>
				4188
				4189	<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
				4190	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				4191	for bout input (<var>width</var>), and output (<var>width</var>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				4192
				4193	<pre>
				4194	<var>range</var>/π * asin( 2/<var>width</var> * ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4195	</pre>
				4196
				4197	</dd>
				4198	<dt>ArcTan</dt>
				4199	<dd>
				4200	<p>The <code>ArcTan</code> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				4201	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				4202	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
				4203
				4204	<pre>
				4205	-function <code>ArcTan</code> <var>slope</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4206	</pre>
				4207
				4208	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				4209	</p>
				4210
				4211	<pre>
				4212	<var>range</var>/π * atan( <var>slope</var>π ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4213	</pre>
				4214	</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4215	</tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4216	</dl>
				4217
				4218
				4219
				4220	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4221	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <var>distance</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				4222	</div>
				4223
				4224	<p class="magick-description">Colors within this <var>distance</var> are considered equal.</p>
				4225
				4226	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must
				4227	be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color
				4228	in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an
				4229	image with <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target
				4230	background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for
				4231	these differences.</p>
				4232
				4233	<p>The <var>distance</var> can be in absolute intensity units or, by
				4234	appending <code>%</code> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
				4235	65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				4236
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4237	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >+fuzz</a> to reset the fuzz value to 0.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4238
				4239
				4240	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4241	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fx"></a>-fx <var>expression</var></h3>
				4242	</div>
				4243
				4244	<p class="magick-description">apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</p>
				4245
				4246	<p>If the first character of <var>expression</var> is <code>@</code>,
				4247	the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
				4248	string.</p>
				4249
				4250	<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX,
				4251	The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this
				4252	option.</p>
				4253
				4254
				4255	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4256	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <var>value</var></h3>
				4257	</div>
				4258
				4259	<p class="magick-description">level of gamma correction.</p>
				4260
				4261	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look
				4262	different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to
				4263	adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
				4264	<code>0.8</code> to <code>2.3</code>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
				4265	gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may
				4266	result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only
				4267	eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				4268
				4269	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to
				4270	a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the
				4271	normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the
				4272	same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				4273
				4274	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of
				4275	the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g.,
				4276	<code>1.7,2.3,1.2</code>).</p>
				4277
				4278	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <var>value</var></a> to set the
				4279	image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
				4280	is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute
				4281	(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the
				4282	display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA
				4283	chunk, use</p>
				4284
				4285	<pre>
				4286	convert input.png +gamma .45455 output.png
				4287	</pre>
				4288
				4289	<p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p>
				4290
				4291	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				4292
				4293	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4294	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var><br />-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4295	</div>
				4296
				4297	<p class="magick-description">Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</p>
				4298
				4299	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4300	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4301
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4302	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4303
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4304	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4305	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				4306
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4307	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4308	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				4309	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				4310	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				4311	</p>
				4312
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4313	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the radius the slower the
				4314	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				4315	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				4316	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4317	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				4318
				4319	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				4320	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				4321	neighboring pixels. </p>
				4322
				4323	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4324	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4325	</p>
				4326
				4327
				4328	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4329	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4330	</div>
				4331
				4332	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred size and location of the image.</p>
				4333
				4334	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4335
				4336	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4337	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <var>type</var></h3>
				4338	</div>
				4339
				4340	<p class="magick-description">Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</p>
				4341
				4342	<p>Choices include: <code>NorthWest</code>, <code>North</code>,
				4343	<code>NorthEast</code>, <code>West</code>, <code>Center</code>, <code>East</code>,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4344	<code>SouthWest</code>, <code>South</code>, <code>SouthEast</code>. Use <a
				4345	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a
				4346	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4347	installation.</p>
				4348
				4349	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For
				4350	example, a gravity of <code>Center</code> forces the text to be centered within
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4351	the image. By default, the image gravity is <code>NorthWest</code>. See <a
				4352	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the
				4353	text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a
				4354	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4355
				4356	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the
				4357	<a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4358	take <var>geometry</var> as an argument, such as the <a
				4359	href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4360
				4361	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option
				4362	or setting having a <var>geometry</var> argument that specifies an
				4363	offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested
				4364	by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following
				4365	command, for example, suppose the file <code>image.png</code> has dimensions
				4366	200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a>
				4367	is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is
				4368	<code>Center</code>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
				4369	(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving
				4370	(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at
				4371	that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the
				4372	region itself, which is <var>centered</var> at the pixel
				4373	coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				4374
				4375	<pre>
				4376	convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \
				4377	-negate output.png
				4378	</pre>
				4379
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4380	<p>When used as an option to <a href="composite.html">composite</a>, <a
				4381	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4382	within the composite.</p>
				4383
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4384	<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a
				4385	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4386	within a tile. The default gravity is <code>Center</code> for this purpose.</p>
				4387
				4388
				4389	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4390	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="grayscale"></a>-grayscale <var>method</var></h3>
				4391	</div>
				4392
				4393	<p class="magick-description">convert image to grayscale.</p>
				4394
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4395	<p>This will use one of the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> methods to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4396	convert the given image into a linear-grayscale image. </p>
				4397
				4398	<p>For example, to convert an image to (linear) Rec709Luminance grayscale, type:</p>
				4399
				4400	<pre>
				4401	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luminance out.png
				4402	</pre>
				4403
				4404	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4405
				4406	<pre>
				4407	convert in.png -colorspace gray out.png
				4408	</pre>
				4409
				4410	<p>Similarly, to convert an image to (non-linear) Rec709Luma grayscale, type:</p>
				4411
				4412	<pre>
				4413	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luma out.png
				4414	</pre>
				4415
				4416	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4417
				4418	<pre>
				4419	convert in.png -set colorspace RGB -colorspace gray out.png
				4420	</pre>
				4421
				4422	<p>Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result
				4423	regardless of the current colorpsace of the image. But a 'mathematical'
				4424	intensity method will depend on the current colorspace the image is currently
				4425	using. </p>
				4426
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4427	<p>While this operation uses an <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> method,
				4428	it does not use or set the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting, so
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4429	will not effect other operations that may use that setting.</p>
				4430
				4431
				4432	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4433	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				4434	</div>
				4435
				4436	<p class="magick-description">green chromaticity primary point.</p>
				4437
				4438
				4439	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4440	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h3>
				4441	</div>
				4442
				4443	<p class="magick-description">apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</p>
				4444
				4445	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				4446	dimensions. Create it with the <code>HALD:</code> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				4447	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				4448	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				4449
				4450	<pre>
				4451	convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png
				4452	</pre>
				4453
				4454	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				4455	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				4456	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				4457
				4458	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				4459	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4460	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				4461	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4462	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				4463
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4464	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4465	of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler gray-scale
				4466	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				4467	mapping. </p>
				4468
				4469
				4470	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4471	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="help"></a>-help</h3>
				4472	</div>
				4473
				4474	<p class="magick-description">print usage instructions.</p>
				4475
				4476	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4477	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				4478	</div>
				4479
				4480	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				4481
				4482	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4483	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hough-lines"></a>-hough-lines <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
				4484	</div>
				4485
				4486	<p class="magick-description">identify straight lines in the image (e.g. -hough-lines 9x9+195).</p>
				4487
				4488	<p>Use the Hough line detector with any binary edge extracted image to locate and draw any straight lines that it finds.</p>
				4489
				4490	<p>The process accumulates counts for every white pixel in the binary edge image for every possible orientation (for angles from 0 to 179 in 1 deg increments) and distance from the center of the image to the corners (in 1 px increments). It stores the counts in an accumulator matrix of angle vs distance. The size of the accumulator will be 180x(diagonal/2). Next it searches the accumulator for peaks in counts and converts the locations of the peaks to slope and intercept in the normal x,y input image space. The algorithm uses slope/intercepts to find the endpoints clipped to the bounds of the image. The lines are drawn from the given endpoints. The counts are a measure of the length of the lines.</p>.
				4491
				4492	<p>The WxH arguments specify the filter size for locating the peaks in the Hough accumulator. The threshold excludes lines whose counts are less than the threshold value.</p>
				4493
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4494	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a></code> to specify the color of the background onto which the lines will be drawn. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4495
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4496	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a></code> to specify the color of the lines. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4497
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4498	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke" >-stroke</a></code> and <code><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth" >-strokewidth</a></code> to specify the thickness of the lines. The default is black and no strokewidth.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4499
				4500	<p>A text file listing the endpoints and counts may be created by using the suffix, .mvg, for the output image.</p>
				4501
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4502	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> hough-lines:accumulator=true</code> to return the accumulator image in addition to the lines image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4503
				4504	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4505	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4506	</div>
				4507
				4508	<p class="magick-description">specify the icon geometry.</p>
				4509
				4510	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same
				4511	manner as the <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to
				4512	handle negative offsets.</p>
				4513
				4514	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4515
				4516	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4517	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h3>
				4518	</div>
				4519
				4520	<p class="magick-description">start in icon mode in X Windows", 'animate', 'display</p>
				4521
				4522	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4523	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h3>
				4524	</div>
				4525
				4526	<p class="magick-description">identify the format and characteristics of the image.</p>
				4527
				4528	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
				4529	the image class (<var>DirectClass</var> or <var>PseudoClass</var>); the total number of unique colors; and the
				4530	number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="miff.html">MIFF</a> for
				4531	a description of the image class.</p>
				4532
				4533	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4534	in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a
				4535	href="quantize.html">color
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4536	reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				4537
				4538	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
				4539	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				4540	image histogram, and others.</p>
				4541
				4542	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4543	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h3>
				4544	</div>
				4545
				4546	<p class="magick-description">implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				4547
				4548	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				4549	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase
				4550	images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4551	domain. See for example, <a
				4552	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4553	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and
				4554	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
				4555
				4556	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of
				4557	the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				4558
				4559	<pre>
				4560	convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4561	</pre>
				4562
				4563	<p>or</p>
				4564
				4565	<pre>
				4566	convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4567	</pre>
				4568
				4569	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4570	the original image, prior to the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> or <a
				4571	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4572	the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
				4573
				4574	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				4575	use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
				4576
				4577	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real
				4578	and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal
				4579	(spatial) domain.</p>
				4580
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4581	<p>By default the IFT is not normalized (and the FFT is). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=inverse</code> to explicitly normalize the IFT and unnormalize the FFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4582
				4583	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4584	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h3>
				4585	</div>
				4586
				4587	<p class="magick-description">make image immutable.</p>
				4588
				4589	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4590	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="implode"></a>-implode <var>factor</var></h3>
				4591	</div>
				4592
				4593	<p class="magick-description">implode image pixels about the center.</p>
				4594
				4595	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4596	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="insert"></a>-insert <var>index</var></h3>
				4597	</div>
				4598
				4599	<p class="magick-description">insert the last image into the image sequence.</p>
				4600
				4601	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it
				4602	at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is
				4603	calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such
				4604	<code>-insert -1</code> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				4605
				4606	<p>The <code>+insert</code> option is equivalent to <code>-insert -1</code>. In
				4607	other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.
				4608	Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				4609
				4610	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4611	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intensity"></a>-intensity <var>method</var></h3>
				4612	</div>
				4613
				4614	<p class="magick-description">method to generate intensity value from pixel.</p>
				4615
				4616	<p>ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an
				4617	operator needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from
				4618	an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the linear
				4619	<code>Rec709Luminance</code> formula is used, which is the same formula used when
				4620	converting images to <code>-colorspace gray</code>. </p>
				4621
				4622	<p>The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert
				4623	the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before
				4624	being applied to calculate the final greyscale value. </p>
				4625
				4626	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4627	<dt>Rec601Luma</dt><dd> 0.298839R' + 0.586811G'+ 0.114350B'</dd>
				4628	<dt>Rec601Luminance</dt><dd> 0.298839R + 0.586811G + 0.114350B</dd>
				4629	<dt>Rec709Luma</dt><dd> 0.212656R' + 0.715158G' + 0.072186B'</dd>
				4630	<dt>Rec709Luminance</dt><dd> 0.212656R + 0.715158G + 0.072186B</dd>
				4631	<dt>Brightness</dt><dd> max(R', G', B')</dd>
				4632	<dt>Lightness</dt><dd> (min(R', G', B') + max(R', G', B')) / 2.0</dd>
				4633	</dl>
				4634
				4635	<p>Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while
				4636	R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values. </p>
				4637
				4638	<p>These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the
				4639	current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of
				4640	what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using.</p>
				4641
				4642	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4643	<dt>Average</dt><dd>(R + G + B) / 3.0</dd>
				4644	<dt>MS</dt><dd>(R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0</dd>
				4645	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>sqrt( (R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0 )</dd>
				4646	</dl>
				4647
				4648	<p>These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4649	grayscale difference image between two color images (using <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				4650	>-compose</a> '<code>Difference</code>' composition. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4651
				4652	<p> For example The 'MS' (Mean Squared) setting is good for minimizing color
				4653	error comparisions. While... The method 'RMS' (Root Mean Squared) for
				4654	example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4655	difference image. This is equivalent to the color only component of the <a
				4656	href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor color compare setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4657
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4658	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale" >-grayscale</a> which applies one of the above
				4659	grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the <a
				4660	href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4661
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4662	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace gray</a> image conversion also uses
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4663	the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the
				4664	appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above
				4665	function.</p>
				4666
				4667	<p>To print a complete list of possible pixel intensity setting methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intensity</a>.</p>
				4668
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4669	<p>Operators affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting include:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4670
				4671	<pre>
				4672	-adaptive-blur
				4673	-adaptive-sharpen
				4674	-black-threshold
				4675	-clut (when mapping greyscale CLUT image to alpha channel if set by -channels)
				4676	-colors for gray colorspace
				4677	-compose {LightenIntensity, DarkenIntensity, CopyOpacity, CopyBlack}
				4678	-contrast-stretch
				4679	-distort {ErodeIntensity, DilateIntensity}
				4680	-normalize
				4681	-random-threshold
				4682	-selective-blur
				4683	-shade
				4684	-threshold
				4685	-tint
				4686	-white-threshold
				4687	</pre>
				4688
				4689	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4690	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intent"></a>-intent <var>type</var></h3>
				4691	</div>
				4692
				4693	<p class="magick-description">use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</p>
				4694
				4695	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see
				4696	<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <code>Absolute,
				4697	Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</code>.</p>
				4698
				4699	<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p>
				4700
				4701	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				4702
				4703	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4704	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <var>type</var></h3>
				4705	</div>
				4706
				4707	<p class="magick-description">the type of interlacing scheme.</p>
				4708
				4709	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4710
				4711	<pre>
				4712	none
				4713	line
				4714	plane
				4715	partition
				4716	JPEG
				4717	GIF
				4718	PNG
				4719	</pre>
				4720
				4721	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
				4722	formats such as <code>RGB</code> or <code>YUV</code>.</p>
				4723
				4724	<p><code>None</code> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				4725
				4726	<p><code>Line</code> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				4727
				4728	<p><code>Plane</code> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				4729
				4730	<p><code>Partition</code> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
				4731	individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p>
				4732
				4733	<p>Use <code>Line</code> or <code>Plane</code> to create an <code>interlaced
				4734	PNG</code> or <code>GIF</code> or <code>progressive JPEG</code> image.</p>
				4735
				4736	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				4737	interlace</a>.</p>
				4738
				4739	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4740	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <var>type</var></h3>
				4741	</div>
				4742
				4743	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</p>
				4744
				4745	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
				4746	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				4747	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				4748	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				4749	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				4750
				4751	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4752	<dt>integer</dt>
				4753	<dd>The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)</dd>
				4754	<dt>nearest-neighbor</dt>
				4755	<dd>The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)</dd>
				4756	<dt>average</dt>
				4757	<dd>The average color of the surrounding four pixels</dd>
				4758	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				4759	<dd>A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)</dd>
				4760	<dt>mesh</dt>
				4761	<dd>Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations</dd>
				4762	<dt>bicubic</dt>
				4763	<dd>Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels</dd>
				4764	<dt>spline</dt>
				4765	<dd>Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)</dd>
				4766	<dt>filter</dt>
				4767	<dd>Use resize <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> settings</dd>
				4768	</dl>
				4769
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4770	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				4771	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#transform"
				4772	>-transform</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4773
				4774	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				4775
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4776	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4777	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				4778
				4779
				4780	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4781	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4782	</div>
				4783
				4784	<p class="magick-description">the space between two text lines.</p>
				4785
				4786	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4787	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4788	</div>
				4789
				4790	<p class="magick-description">the space between two words.</p>
				4791
				4792	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4793	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <var>value</var></h3>
				4794	</div>
				4795
				4796	<p class="magick-description">the space between two letters.</p>
				4797
				4798	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4799	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kuwahara"></a>-kuwahara <var>radius</var><br />-kuwahara <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4800	</div>
				4801
				4802	<p class="magick-description">edge preserving noise reduction filter.</p>
				4803
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4804	<p>The <var >radius</var> is more important than the <var >sigma</var>. If <var >sigma</var> is left off, it will be computed automatically from the <var >radius</var> as <var >sigma</var>=<var >radius</var>-0.5. The <var >sigma</var> provides a bit of additional smoothing control.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4805
				4806
				4807	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4808	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="label"></a>-label <var>name</var></h3>
				4809	</div>
				4810
				4811	<p class="magick-description">assign a label to an image.</p>
				4812
				4813	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4814	or created. You can use the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4815	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				4816	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				4817
				4818	<p>When saving an image to a <var>PostScript</var> file, any label
				4819	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				4820	image. </p>
				4821
				4822	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				4823	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4824	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				4825
				4826	<p>For example,</p>
				4827
				4828	<pre>
				4829	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				4830	</pre>
				4831
				4832	<p>assigns an image label of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> to the
				4833	"<code>bird.miff</code>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				4834	is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				4835	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				4836	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				4837
				4838	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				4839	via <var>Label</var> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				4840	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				4841	during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.</p>
				4842
				4843	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				4844	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				4845	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				4846
				4847
				4848	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4849	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lat"></a>-lat <var>width</var><br />-lat <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>offset</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4850	</div>
				4851
				4852	<p class="magick-description">perform local adaptive threshold.</p>
				4853
				4854	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				4855	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				4856	the optional <code>offset</code>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				4857	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				4858	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				4859	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				4860
				4861	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				4862	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				4863	the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p>
				4864
				4865
				4866	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4867	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="layers"></a>-layers <var>method</var></h3>
				4868	</div>
				4869
				4870	<p class="magick-description">handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</p>
				4871
				4872	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				4873	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				4874	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				4875
				4876	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4877	<tbody>
				4878	<tr>
				4879	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				4880	<th>Description</th>
				4881	</tr>
				4882
				4883	<tr>
				4884	<td>compare-any</td>
				4885	<td>Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4886	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				4887	href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4888	</tr>
				4889
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4890	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				4891	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4892	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				4893	'<code>Previous</code>' or '<code>Background</code>'. </td>
				4894	</tr>
				4895
				4896	<tr>
				4897	<td>compare-clear</td>
				4898	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to the bounds of any
				4899	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				4900	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				4901	</tr>
				4902
				4903	<tr>
				4904	<td>compare-overlay</td>
				4905	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to pixels that add
				4906	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				4907	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				4908	</tr>
				4909
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4910	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4911	composition method '<code>change-mask</code>', to reduce the image to
				4912	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				4913	</tr>
				4914
				4915	<tr>
				4916	<td>coalesce</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4917	<td>Equivalent to a call to the <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce"
				4918	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4919	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				4920	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				4921	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				4922	</tr>
				4923
				4924	<tr>
				4925	<td>composite</td>
				4926	<td>Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				4927	"<code>null:</code>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				4928	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				4929	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				4930	image lists are removed. </td>
				4931	</tr>
				4932
				4933
				4934	<tr><td></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4935	<td>The <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				4936	to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				4937	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
				4938	href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4939	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
				4940
				4941	<tr><td></td>
				4942	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
				4943	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				4944	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				4945	preserved. </td>
				4946	</tr>
				4947
				4948
				4949	<tr>
				4950	<td>dispose</td>
				4951	<td>This like '<code>coalesce</code>' but shows the look of
				4952	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				4953	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4954	results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose"
				4955	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4956	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				4957	</td>
				4958	</tr>
				4959
				4960	<tr>
				4961	<td>flatten</td>
				4962	<td>Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4963	canvas using the current <a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a> color,
				4964	and <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4965	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				4966	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				4967	</tr>
				4968
				4969	<tr><td></td>
				4970	<td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
				4971	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				4972	</tr>
				4973
				4974	<tr><td></td>
				4975	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
				4976	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay an opaque color to remove
				4977	transparency from an image.</td>
				4978	</tr>
				4979
				4980
				4981	<tr>
				4982	<td>merge</td>
				4983	<td>As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				4984	layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the
				4985	image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset
				4986	will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				4987	negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				4988	</td>
				4989	</tr>
				4990
				4991	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
				4992	negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	4993	Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4994	will remove the layer offset, and create an image in which all the
				4995	overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
				4996	not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
				4997	</td>
				4998	</tr>
				4999
				5000	<tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but
				5001	without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td>
				5002	</tr>
				5003
				5004	<tr>
				5005	<td>mosaic</td>
				5006	<td>As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				5007	of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the
				5008	image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin,
				5009	by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still
				5010	become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds'
				5011	if this could be a problem. </td>
				5012
				5013	</tr>
				5014
				5015	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image
				5016	using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The
				5017	resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so
				5018	can be saved to any image file format. </td>
				5019	</tr>
				5020
				5021
				5022	<tr>
				5023	<td>optimize</td>
				5024	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				5025	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				5026	apply both the '<code>optimize-frame</code>', and
				5027	'<code>optimize-transparency</code>' methods but may be expanded to
				5028	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				5029	</tr>
				5030
				5031	<tr>
				5032	<td>optimize-frame</td>
				5033	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				5034	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				5035	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				5036	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				5037	</tr>
				5038
				5039	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found.
				5040	But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				5041	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				5042	optimizers seen. </td>
				5043	</tr>
				5044
				5045	<tr>
				5046	<td>optimize-plus</td>
				5047	<td>As '<code>optimize-frame</code>' but attempt to improve the
				5048	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				5049	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				5050	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				5051	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				5052	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				5053	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				5054	'<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. </td>
				5055	</tr>
				5056
				5057	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
				5058	style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
				5059	though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
				5060	better than the normal '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. For some
				5061	animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
				5062	animation size. </td>
				5063	</tr>
				5064
				5065	<tr>
				5066	<td>optimize-transparency</td>
				5067	<td>Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				5068	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5069	animation by more than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5070	</td>
				5071	</tr>
				5072
				5073	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation
				5074	to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one
				5075	(transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating
				5076	the current disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				5077	</tr>
				5078
				5079	<tr>
				5080	<td>remove-dups</td>
				5081	<td>Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				5082	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				5083	</td>
				5084	</tr>
				5085
				5086	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay
				5087	across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into
				5088	smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been
				5089	used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				5090	</tr>
				5091
				5092	<tr>
				5093	<td>remove-zero</td>
				5094	<td>Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				5095	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				5096	warning is then issued). </td>
				5097	</tr>
				5098
				5099	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which
				5100	provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are
				5101	actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for
				5102	improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				5103	</tr>
				5104
				5105	<tr>
				5106	<td>trim-bounds</td>
				5107	<td>Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				5108	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				5109	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or
				5110	merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset.
				5111	All the images is given the same canvas size, and and will have
				5112	a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to
				5113	each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image
				5114	will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those
				5115	edges however may be transparent. </td>
				5116	</tr>
				5117
				5118	<tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5119	<a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5120	have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using
				5121	'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td>
				5122	</tr>
				5123
				5124	</tbody>
				5125	</table>
				5126
				5127	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				5128
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5129	<p>The operators <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				5130	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic"
				5131	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in
				5132	the future. Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#repage"
				5133	>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the
				5134	GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5135	settings. </p>
				5136
				5137
				5138	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5139	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level"></a>-level <var>black_point</var>{,<var>white_point</var>}{<var>%</var>}{,<var>gamma</var>}</h3>
				5140	</div>
				5141
				5142	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of image channels.</p>
				5143
				5144	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				5145	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				5146	white points range from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var>, or from 0 to
				5147	100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<var>QuantumRange</var> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes.
				5148	If a <code>%</code> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5149	points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a
				5150	href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5151	default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				5152
				5153	<p>In normal usage (<code>-level</code>) the image values are stretched so that
				5154	the given '<code>black_point</code>' value in the original image is set to zero
				5155	(or black), while the given '<code>white_point</code>' value is set to <var>QuantumRange</var> (or white). This provides you with direct
				5156	contrast adjustments to the image. The '<code>gamma</code>' of the resulting
				5157	image will then be adjusted. </p>
				5158
				5159	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator
				5160	(<code>+level</code>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
				5161	list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That
				5162	is a zero, or <var>QuantumRange</var> value (black, and white, resp.)
				5163	in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to
				5164	de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The
				5165	'<code>gamma</code>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
				5166	image is made. </p>
				5167
				5168	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				5169	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				5170	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				5171
				5172	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5173	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5174
				5175
				5176	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5177	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<var>black_color</var>}{,}{<var>white_color</var>}</h3>
				5178	</div>
				5179
				5180	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</p>
				5181
				5182	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the
				5183	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				5184	'<code>black_color</code>' and '<code>white_color</code>' colors given (as
				5185	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				5186
				5187	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <code>-level-colors</code>
				5188	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
				5189	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				5190	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				5191
				5192	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<code>+level-colors</code>)
				5193	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				5194	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
				5195	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				5196	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				5197
				5198	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				5199	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				5200	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				5201	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				5202	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				5203	color (+ form). </p>
				5204
				5205
				5206	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5207	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="limit"></a>-limit <var>type value</var></h3>
				5208	</div>
				5209
				5210	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel cache resource limit.</p>
				5211
				5212	<p>Choose from: <code>area</code>, <code>disk</code>, <code>file</code>,
				5213	<code>map</code>, <code>memory</code>, <code>thread</code>, or <code>time</code>.</p>
				5214
				5215	<p>The value for <code>file</code> is in number of files. The other limits are
				5216	in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits
				5217	with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).</p>
				5218
				5219	<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 3GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 3GiB
				5220	memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the
				5221	available resources on your computer if this information is available. When
				5222	any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take
				5223	compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits
				5224	memory:</p>
				5225
				5226	<pre>
				5227	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
				5228	</pre>
				5229
				5230	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				5231
				5232	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5233	-> identify -list resource
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5234	Resource limits:
				5235	Width: 100MP
				5236	Height: 100MP
				5237	Area: 25.181GB
				5238	Memory: 11.726GiB
				5239	Map: 23.452GiB
				5240	Disk: unlimited
				5241	File: 768
				5242	Thread: 12
				5243	Throttle: 0
				5244	Time: unlimited
				5245	</pre>
				5246
				5247	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one
				5248	of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5249	disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5250	and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of
				5251	allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the
				5252	request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the
				5253	<code>area</code> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				5254
				5255	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical
				5256	image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in
				5257	memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the
				5258	<code>memory</code> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
				5259	a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file
				5260	is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the
				5261	<code>map</code> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
				5262	the resource request exceeds the <code>area</code> limit, the pixels are
				5263	automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program
				5264	fails.</p>
				5265
				5266	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource
				5267	limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax
				5268	your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process
				5269	images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all
				5270	or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows
				5271	other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under
				5272	these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick
				5273	workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For
				5274	example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from
				5275	the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10MiB of memory you can
				5276	simply set the area limit to 10MiB:</p>
				5277
				5278	<pre>
				5279	-limit area 10MB
				5280	</pre>
				5281
				5282	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically
				5283	cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images
				5284	typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can
				5285	be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users
				5286	might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk
				5287	limit as well:</p>
				5288
				5289	<pre>
				5290	-limit area 10MB -limit disk 500MB
				5291	</pre>
				5292
				5293	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				5294
				5295	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5296	with <a href="resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5297	environment variables <code>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</code>,
				5298	<code>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</code>,
				5299	<code>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</code>,
				5300	<code>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</code> for limits of
				5301	image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads
				5302	of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				5303
				5304	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug cache</a> to
				5305	their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the
				5306	pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how
				5307	resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output
				5308	through <code>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</code> for more readable sifting.
				5309	</p>
				5310
				5311	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5312	Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="architecture.html#cache
				5313	">Architecture</a> page. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5314
				5315	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5316	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5317	</div>
				5318
				5319	<p class="magick-description">Linear with saturation stretch.</p>
				5320
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5321	<p>This is very similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5322	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5323	be stretched. However it then stretches those colors using the <a
				5324	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5325
				5326	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				5327	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				5328	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				5329
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5330	<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5331	'<code>0</code>' does nothing, while a value of '<code>1</code>' does a near
				5332	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				5333
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5334	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5335	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				5336
				5337	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5338
				5339
				5340	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5341	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h3>
				5342	</div>
				5343
				5344	<p class="magick-description">the line width for subsequent draw operations.</p>
				5345
				5346	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5347	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5348	</div>
				5349
				5350	<p class="magick-description">rescale image with seam-carving.</p>
				5351
				5352	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5353
				5354	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5355	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="list"></a>-list <var>type</var></h3>
				5356	</div>
				5357
				5358	<p class="magick-description">Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</p>
				5359
				5360	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5361	Align
				5362	Alpha
				5363	Boolean
				5364	Cache
				5365	Channel
				5366	Class
				5367	ClipPath
				5368	Coder
				5369	Color
				5370	Colorspace
				5371	Command
				5372	Complex
				5373	Compose
				5374	Compress
				5375	Configure
				5376	DataType
				5377	Debug
				5378	Decoration
				5379	Delegate
				5380	Direction
				5381	Dispose
				5382	Distort
				5383	Dither
				5384	Endian
				5385	Evaluate
				5386	FillRule
				5387	Filter
				5388	Font
				5389	Format
				5390	Function
				5391	Gravity
				5392	Intensity
				5393	Intent
				5394	Interlace
				5395	Interpolate
				5396	Kernel
				5397	Layers
				5398	LineCap
				5399	LineJoin
				5400	List
				5401	Locale
				5402	LogEvent
				5403	Log
				5404	Magic
				5405	Method
				5406	Metric
				5407	Mime
				5408	Mode
				5409	Morphology
				5410	Module
				5411	Noise
				5412	Orientation
				5413	PixelIntensity
				5414	Policy
				5415	PolicyDomain
				5416	PolicyRights
				5417	Preview
				5418	Primitive
				5419	QuantumFormat
				5420	Resource
				5421	SparseColor
				5422	Statistic
				5423	Storage
				5424	Stretch
				5425	Style
				5426	Threshold
				5427	Type
				5428	Units
				5429	Validate
				5430	VirtualPixel
				5431	</pre>
				5432
				5433	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<code>-list
				5434	list</code>" to get a complete listing of all the "<code>-list</code>" arguments
				5435	available:</p>
				5436
				5437	<pre>
				5438	identify -list list
				5439	</pre>
				5440
				5441	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5442	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="log"></a>-log <var>string</var></h3>
				5443	</div>
				5444
				5445	<p class="magick-description">Specify format for debug log.</p>
				5446
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5447	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				5448	href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5449
				5450	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				5451	characters:</p>
				5452
				5453	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5454	<dt>%d</dt><dd>domain</dd>
				5455	<dt>%e</dt><dd>event</dd>
				5456	<dt>%f</dt><dd>function</dd>
				5457	<dt>%l</dt><dd>line</dd>
				5458	<dt>%m</dt><dd>module</dd>
				5459	<dt>%p</dt><dd>process ID</dd>
				5460	<dt>%r</dt><dd>real CPU time</dd>
				5461	<dt>%t</dt><dd>wall clock time</dd>
				5462	<dt>%u</dt><dd>user CPU time</dd>
				5463	<dt>%%</dt><dd>percent sign</dd>
				5464	<dt>\n</dt><dd>newline</dd>
				5465	<dt>\r</dt><dd>carriage return</dd>
				5466	</dl>
				5467
				5468	<p>For example:</p>
				5469
				5470	<pre>
				5471	convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png
				5472	</pre>
				5473
				5474	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				5475
				5476	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5477	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="loop"></a>-loop <var>iterations</var></h3>
				5478	</div>
				5479
				5480	<p class="magick-description">add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</p>
				5481
				5482	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				5483	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <var>iterations</var>
				5484	times.</p>
				5485
				5486	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5487	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				5488	</div>
				5489
				5490	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				5491
				5492	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5493	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify</h3>
				5494	</div>
				5495
				5496	<p class="magick-description">double the size of the image with pixel art scaling.</p>
				5497
				5498
				5499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5500	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map"></a>-map <var>type</var></h3>
				5501	</div>
				5502
				5503	<p class="magick-description">Display image using this <var>type</var>.</p>
				5504
				5505	<p>Choose from these <var>Standard Colormap</var> types:</p>
				5506
				5507	<pre>
				5508	best
				5509	default
				5510	gray
				5511	red
				5512	green
				5513	blue
				5514	</pre>
				5515
				5516	<p>The <var>X server</var> must support the <var>Standard
				5517	Colormap</var> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <code>list</code> as
				5518	the type and <code>display</code> searches the list of colormap types in
				5519	<code>top-to-bottom</code> order until one is located. See <var>xstdcmap(1)</var> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
				5520
				5521
				5522	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5523	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <var>components</var></h3>
				5524	</div>
				5525
				5526	<p class="magick-description">pixel map.</p>
				5527
				5528	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				5529
				5530	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5531	<dt>r</dt><dd> red pixel component</dd>
				5532	<dt>g</dt><dd> green pixel component</dd>
				5533	<dt>b</dt><dd> blue pixel component</dd>
				5534	<dt>a</dt><dd> alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)</dd>
				5535	<dt>o</dt><dd> opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)</dd>
				5536	<dt>i</dt><dd> grayscale intensity pixel component</dd>
				5537	<dt>c</dt><dd> cyan pixel component</dd>
				5538	<dt>m</dt><dd> magenta pixel component</dd>
				5539	<dt>y</dt><dd> yellow pixel component</dd>
				5540	<dt>k</dt><dd> black pixel component</dd>
				5541	<dt>p</dt><dd> pad component (always 0)</dd>
				5542	</dl>
				5543
				5544	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				5545	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				5546
				5547
				5548	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5549	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mask"></a>-mask
				5550	<var>filename</var></h3>
				5551	</div>
				5552
				5553	<p class="magick-description">Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</p>
				5554
				5555	<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with
				5556	grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to.
				5557	</p>
				5558
				5559	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">+mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p>
				5560
				5561	<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way,
				5562	but with strict boolean masking. </p>
				5563
				5564	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5565	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <var>color</var></h3>
				5566	</div>
				5567
				5568	<p class="magick-description">Specify the color to be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option.</p>
				5569
				5570	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5571
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5572	<p>The default matte color is <code>#BDBDBD</code>, <span
				5573	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5574
				5575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5576	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h3>
				5577	</div>
				5578
				5579	<p class="magick-description">return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5580
				5581	<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5582
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5583	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5584	name. </p>
				5585
				5586	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5587	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="median"></a>-median <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5588	</div>
				5589
				5590	<p class="magick-description">apply a median filter to the image.</p>
				5591
				5592	<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5593
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5594	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5595	name. </p>
				5596
				5597	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5598	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mean-shift"></a>-mean-shift <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+distance</var>{%}}</h3>
				5599	</div>
				5600
				5601	<p class="magick-description">image noise removal and color reduction/segmentation (e.g. -mean-shift 7x7+10%).</p>
				5602
				5603	<p><var>width</var>x<var>height</var> is the window size and <var>distance</var> is the color distance measured in the range 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%</p>
				5604
				5605	<p>The mean shift algorithm is iterative and thus slower the larger the window size. For each pixel, it gets all the pixels in the window centered at the pixel and excludes those that are outside the <var>radius=sqrt((width-1)(height-1)/4)</var> surrounding the pixel. From those pixels, it finds which of them are within the specified squared color distance from the current mean. It then computes a new x,y centroid from those coordinates and a new mean. This new x,y centroid is used as the center for a new window. This process is iterated until it converges and the final mean is then used to replace the original pixel value. It repeats this process for the next pixel, etc, until it processes all pixels in the image. Results are better when using other colorspaces rather than RGB. Recommend YIQ, YUV or YCbCr, which seem to give equivalent results.</p>
				5606
				5607	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5608	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="metric"></a>-metric <var>type</var></h3>
				5609	</div>
				5610
				5611	<p class="magick-description">Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <var>type</var> given metric.</p>
				5612
				5613	<p>Choose from:</p>
				5614
				5615	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5616	<dt>AE</dt><dd> absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)</dd>
				5617	<dt>FUZZ</dt><dd> mean color distance</dd>
				5618	<dt>MAE</dt><dd> mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance</dd>
				5619	<dt>MEPP</dt><dd> mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)</dd>
				5620	<dt>MSE</dt><dd> mean error squared, average of the channel error squared</dd>
				5621	<dt>NCC</dt><dd> normalized cross correlation</dd>
				5622	<dt>PAE</dt><dd> peak absolute (normalized peak absolute)</dd>
				5623	<dt>PHASH</dt><dd> perceptual hash</dd>
				5624	<dt>PSNR</dt><dd> peak signal to noise ratio</dd>
				5625	<dt>RMSE</dt><dd> root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)</dd>
				5626	</dl>
				5627
				5628	<p>Control the '<code>AE</code>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5629	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5630	only changed by a small amount). Use '<code>PAE</code>' to find the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5631	size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5632	'similar', while '<code>MAE</code>' determines the factor needed
				5633	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
				5634
				5635	<p>The '<code>MEPP</code>' metric returns three different metrics
				5636	('<code>MAE</code>', '<code>MAE</code>' normalized, and '<code>PAE</code>'
				5637	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
				5638
				5639	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				5640	metric</a> option.</p>
				5641
				5642
				5643	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5644	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h3>
				5645	</div>
				5646
				5647	<p class="magick-description">return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5648
				5649	<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5650
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5651	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5652	name. </p>
				5653
				5654
				5655
				5656	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5657	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mode"></a>-mode <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5658	</div>
				5659
				5660	<p class="magick-description">make each pixel the \'predominant color\' of the neighborhood.'</p>
				5661
				5662	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5663	<h3 class="magick-header">-mode <var>value</var></h3>
				5664	</div>
				5665
				5666	<p class="magick-description">Mode of operation.</p>
				5667
				5668	<p>Choose the <var>value</var> from these styles: <code>Frame,
				5669	Unframe, or Concatenate</code></p>
				5670
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5671	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<code>Mode</code>' argument
				5672	for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5673	ImageMagick installation.</p>
				5674
				5675
				5676	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5677	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <var>brightness</var>[,<var>saturation</var>,<var>hue</var>]</h3>
				5678	</div>
				5679
				5680	<p class="magick-description">Vary the <var>brightness</var>, <var>saturation</var>, and <var>hue</var> of an image.</p>
				5681
				5682	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				5683	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
				5684
				5685	<p>The <var>brightness</var> is a multiplier of the overall
				5686	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				5687	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> the image
				5688	before and after. </p>
				5689
				5690	<p>The <var>saturation</var> controls the amount of color in an
				5691	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				5692	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
				5693
				5694	<p>The <var>hue</var> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				5695	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				5696	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				5697	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				5698	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				5699	the original image. </p>
				5700
				5701	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5702	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				5703	href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5704
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5705	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<code
				5706	>option:modulate:colorspace</code>' to specify which colorspace to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5707	modulate. Choose from <code>HCL</code>, <code>HCLp</code>, <code>HSB</code>, <code>HSI</code>, <code>HSL</code> (the default), <code>HSV</code>, <code>HWB</code>, or <code>LCH</code> (LCHuv). For example,</p>
				5708
				5709	<pre>
				5710	convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png
				5711	</pre>
				5712
				5713	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5714	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="moments"></a>-moments</h3>
				5715	</div>
				5716
				5717	<p class="magick-description">report image moments and perceptual hash.</p>
				5718
				5719
				5720	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5721	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h3>
				5722	</div>
				5723
				5724	<p class="magick-description">monitor progress.</p>
				5725
				5726
				5727	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5728	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h3>
				5729	</div>
				5730
				5731	<p class="magick-description">transform the image to black and white.</p>
				5732
				5733	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5734	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morph"></a>-morph <var>frames</var></h3>
				5735	</div>
				5736
				5737	<p class="magick-description">morphs an image sequence.</p>
				5738
				5739	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				5740	appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5741	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				5742	href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <var>frames</var>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5743	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				5744
				5745
				5746	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5747	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h3>
				5748	<h3 class="magick-header">-morphology <var>method</var> <var>kernel</var></h3>
				5749	</div>
				5750
				5751	<p class="magick-description">apply a morphology method to the image.</p>
				5752
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5753	<p>Until I get around to writing an option summary for this, see <a
				5754	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5755	Morphology</a>. </p>
				5756
				5757
				5758	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5759	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h3>
				5760	</div>
				5761
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5762	<p class="magick-description">an simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5763
				5764
				5765	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5766	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <var>radius</var><br />-motion-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5767	</div>
				5768
				5769	<p class="magick-description">simulate motion blur.</p>
				5770
				5771	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				5772	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				5773	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5774
				5775	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				5776	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
				5777
				5778	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				5779	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				5780	</p>
				5781
				5782	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5783	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="name"></a>-name</h3>
				5784	</div>
				5785
				5786	<p class="magick-description">name an image.</p>
				5787	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5788	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h3>
				5789	</div>
				5790
				5791	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with its complementary color.</p>
				5792
				5793	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes
				5794	black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">+negate</a> to only
				5795	negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				5796
				5797	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5798	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="noise"></a>-noise <var>geometry</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5799	+noise <var>type</var></h3>
				5800	</div>
				5801
				5802	<p class="magick-description">Add or reduce noise in an image.</p>
				5803
				5804	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the
				5805	objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating
				5806	undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel
				5807	with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been
				5808	found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is
				5809	a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				5810
				5811	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <var>radius</var></code> to
				5812	specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivalent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5813	to using a <code><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</code> operation,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5814	which should be used in preference.</p>
				5815
				5816	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <var>type</var> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise
				5817	types:</p>
				5818
				5819	<pre>
				5820	Gaussian
				5821	Impulse
				5822	Laplacian
				5823	Multiplicative
				5824	Poisson
				5825	Random
				5826	Uniform
				5827	</pre>
				5828
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5829	<p>The amount of noise added can be controlled by the <code><a
				5830	href="command-line-options.html#attenuate" >-attenuate</a></code> setting. If unset the value is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5831	equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p>
				5832
				5833	<p>Note that Random will replace the image with noise rather than add noise to the image. Use Uniform, if you wish to add random noise to the image.</p>
				5834
				5835	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				5836
				5837	<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
				5838	the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be
				5839	added to an image. </p>
				5840
				5841
				5842	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5843	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h3>
				5844	</div>
				5845
				5846	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				5847
				5848	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				5849	values. While doing so, black-out at most <var>2%</var> of the pixels and
				5850	white-out at most <var>1%</var> of the pixels.</p>
				5851
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5852	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				5853	is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				5854	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				5855	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5856
				5857	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5858	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				5859	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5860	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				5861
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5862	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
				5863	Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5864	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
				5865
				5866	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5867
				5868
				5869	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5870	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <var>color</var></h3>
				5871	</div>
				5872
				5873	<p class="magick-description">change this color to the fill color within the image.</p>
				5874
				5875	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5876	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				5877	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5878	given.</p>
				5879
				5880	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				5881	the target color. </p>
				5882
				5883	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5884	as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5885	transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				5886	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5887	channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</code>", for
				5888	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				5889	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5890
				5891
				5892	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5893	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <var>threshold_map</var>{,<var>level</var>...}</h3>
				5894	</div>
				5895
				5896	<p class="magick-description">dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <var>threshold map</var> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				5897	given number of <var>levels</var> per color channel.</p>
				5898
				5899	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				5900
				5901	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5902	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				5903	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				5904	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				5905	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				5906	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				5907	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				5908	h3x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				5909	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				5910	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				5911	h3x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				5912	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				5913	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				5914	h36x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				5915	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				5916	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				5917	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				5918	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				5919	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				5920	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
				5921	</pre>
				5922
				5923	<p> The <code>threshold</code> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5924	This could be used with <var >level</var> to do the equivalent of <a
				5925	href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5926	</p>
				5927
				5928	<p>The <code>checks</code> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
				5929	pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
				5930	white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
				5931	</p>
				5932
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5933	<p>You can define your own <var >threshold map</var> for ordered
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5934	dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5935	<code>thresholds.xml</code> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5936	for more details of configuration files. </p>
				5937
				5938	<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5939	<a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5940
				5941	<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
				5942	color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
				5943	channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
				5944	simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
				5945	circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
				5946	on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
				5947	looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
				5948	after being created. </p>
				5949
				5950
				5951	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5952	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="orient"></a>-orient <var>image orientation</var></h3>
				5953	</div>
				5954
				5955	<p class="magick-description">specify orientation of a digital camera image.</p>
				5956
				5957	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				5958
				5959	<pre>
				5960	bottom-left right-top
				5961	bottom-right top-left
				5962	left-bottom top-right
				5963	left-top undefined
				5964	right-bottom
				5965	</pre>
				5966
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5967	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5968	orientation</a> option.</p>
				5969
				5970
				5971	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5972	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="page"></a>-page <var>geometry</var><br/>
				5973	-page <var>media</var>[<var>offset</var>][{<var>^!<></var>}]<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5974	+page
				5975	</h3>
				5976	</div>
				5977
				5978	<p class="magick-description">Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</p>
				5979
				5980	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5981
				5982	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <var>media</var> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	5983	<var>geometry</var> arguments (e.g. <a
				5984	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <code>Letter+43+43</code>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5985
				5986	<p>Use <var>media</var> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<var>width</var>x<var>height</var>) of the <var>PostScript</var> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels.
				5987	The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				5988
				5989	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5990	<dt> 11x17 </dt> <dd> 792 x 1224</dd>
				5991	<dt> Ledger </dt> <dd> 1224 x 792</dd>
				5992	<dt> Legal </dt> <dd> 612 x 1008</dd>
				5993	<dt> Letter </dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				5994	<dt> LetterSmall</dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				5995	<dt> ArchE </dt> <dd> 2592 x 3456</dd>
				5996	<dt> ArchD </dt> <dd> 1728 x 2592</dd>
				5997	<dt> ArchC </dt> <dd> 1296 x 1728</dd>
				5998	<dt> ArchB </dt> <dd> 864 x 1296</dd>
				5999	<dt> ArchA </dt> <dd> 648 x 864</dd>
				6000	<dt> A0 </dt> <dd> 2380 x 3368</dd>
				6001	<dt> A1 </dt> <dd> 1684 x 2380</dd>
				6002	<dt> A2 </dt> <dd> 1190 x 1684</dd>
				6003	<dt> A3 </dt> <dd> 842 x 1190</dd>
				6004	<dt> A4 </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6005	<dt> A4Small </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6006	<dt> A5 </dt> <dd> 421 x 595</dd>
				6007	<dt> A6 </dt> <dd> 297 x 421</dd>
				6008	<dt> A7 </dt> <dd> 210 x 297</dd>
				6009	<dt> A8 </dt> <dd> 148 x 210</dd>
				6010	<dt> A9 </dt> <dd> 105 x 148</dd>
				6011	<dt> A10 </dt> <dd> 74 x 105</dd>
				6012	<dt> B0 </dt> <dd> 2836 x 4008</dd>
				6013	<dt> B1 </dt> <dd> 2004 x 2836</dd>
				6014	<dt> B2 </dt> <dd> 1418 x 2004</dd>
				6015	<dt> B3 </dt> <dd> 1002 x 1418</dd>
				6016	<dt> B4 </dt> <dd> 709 x 1002</dd>
				6017	<dt> B5 </dt> <dd> 501 x 709</dd>
				6018	<dt> C0 </dt> <dd> 2600 x 3677</dd>
				6019	<dt> C1 </dt> <dd> 1837 x 2600</dd>
				6020	<dt> C2 </dt> <dd> 1298 x 1837</dd>
				6021	<dt> C3 </dt> <dd> 918 x 1298</dd>
				6022	<dt> C4 </dt> <dd> 649 x 918</dd>
				6023	<dt> C5 </dt> <dd> 459 x 649</dd>
				6024	<dt> C6 </dt> <dd> 323 x 459</dd>
				6025	<dt> Flsa </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6026	<dt> Flse </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6027	<dt> HalfLetter </dt> <dd> 396 x 612</dd>
				6028	</dl>
				6029
				6030	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image
				6031	format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this
				6032	purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas
				6033	and are not affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To
				6034	position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a><var>{+-}x{+-}y</var> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG
				6035	file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in
				6036	the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values
				6037	that are written in the <code>MHDR</code> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
				6038	height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the
				6039	sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to
				6040	determine its dimensions.</p>
				6041
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6042	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a
				6043	href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <var>lower
				6044	left-hand corner</var> of the page by {+-}<code>x</code><var>offset</var>{+-}<code>y</code> <var>offset</var>. Use <a
				6045	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6046	page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the
				6047	page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <var>NorthWest</var>, i.e., positive <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> <var>offset</var> are measured rightward and downward from the top left
				6048	corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				6049	present with a value other than <var>NorthWest</var>.</p>
				6050
				6051	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				6052
				6053	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a>.</p>
				6054
				6055	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				6056
				6057	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6058	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="paint"></a>-paint <var>radius</var></h3>
				6059	</div>
				6060
				6061	<p class="magick-description">simulate an oil painting.</p>
				6062
				6063	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular
				6064	neighborhood whose width is specified with <var>radius</var>.</p>
				6065
				6066	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6067	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="path"></a>-path <var>path</var></h3></div>
				6068
				6069	<p class="magick-description">write images to this path on disk.</p>
				6070
				6071	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6072	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6073	</div>
				6074
				6075	<p class="magick-description">Pause between animation loops</p>
				6076
				6077	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				6078
				6079	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6080	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6081	</div>
				6082
				6083	<p class="magick-description">Pause between snapshots.</p>
				6084
				6085	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				6086
				6087	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6088	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="perceptible"></a>-perceptible <var>epsilon</var></h3>
				6089	</div>
				6090
				6091	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is less than \|<var>epsilon</var>\| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				6092
				6093	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6094	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h3>
				6095	</div>
				6096
				6097	<p class="magick-description">efficiently determine image characteristics.</p>
				6098
				6099	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6100	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <var>value</var></h3>
				6101	</div>
				6102
				6103	<p class="magick-description">pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</p>
				6104
				6105	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6106	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <var>angle</var></h3>
				6107	</div>
				6108
				6109	<p class="magick-description">simulate a Polaroid picture.</p>
				6110
				6111	<p>Use <code>+polaroid</code> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				6112
				6113	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6114	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="poly"></a>-poly <var>"wt,exp ..."</var></h3>
				6115	</div>
				6116
				6117	<p class="magick-description">combines multiple images according to a weighted sum of polynomials; one floating point weight (coefficient) and one floating point polynomial exponent (power) for each image expressed as comma separated pairs.</p>
				6118
				6119	<p> The weights should typically be fractions between -1 and 1. But the sum of weights should be 1 or at least between 0 and 1 to avoid clamping in non-hdri mode at black and white.</p>
				6120
				6121	<p>The exponents may be positive, negative or zero. A negative exponent is equivalent to 1 divided by the image raised to the corresponding positive exponent. A zero exponent always produces 1 scaled by quantumrange to white, i.e. wt*white, no matter what the image.</p>
				6122
				6123	<p>The format is: <var>output = wt1image1^exp1 + wt2image2^exp2 </var>...</p>
				6124
				6125	<p>Some simple uses are:</p>
				6126	<ul>
				6127	<li>A weighted sum of each image provided all weights add to unity and all exponents=1. If the the weights are all equal to 1/(number of images), then this is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-evaluate-sequence</a> <var>mean</var>.</li>
				6128	<li>The sum of squares of two or more images, provided the weights are equal (and sum to 1 to avoid clamping) and the exponents equal 2.</li>
				6129	</ul>
				6130
				6131	<p>Note that one may add a constant color to the expression simply by using xc:somecolor for one of the images and specifying the desired weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6132
				6133	<p>Similarly one may add white to the expression by simply using null: (or xc:white) for one of the images with the appropriate weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6134
				6135
				6136	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6137	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <var>levels</var></h3>
				6138	</div>
				6139
				6140	<p class="magick-description">reduce the image to a limited number of color levels per channel.</p>
				6141
				6142	<p>Very low values of <var>levels</var>, e.g., 2, 3, 4, have the most
				6143	visible effect.</p>
				6144
				6145	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6146	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="precision"></a>-precision <var>value</var></h3>
				6147	</div>
				6148
				6149	<p class="magick-description">set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</p>
				6150
				6151	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6152	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="preview"></a>-preview <var>type</var></h3>
				6153	</div>
				6154
				6155	<p class="magick-description">image preview type.</p>
				6156
				6157	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g.
				6158	<code>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</code>). Choose from
				6159	these previews:</p>
				6160
				6161	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				6162	AddNoise
				6163	Blur
				6164	Brightness
				6165	Charcoal
				6166	Despeckle
				6167	Dull
				6168	EdgeDetect
				6169	Gamma
				6170	Grayscale
				6171	Hue
				6172	Implode
				6173	JPEG
				6174	OilPaint
				6175	Quantize
				6176	Raise
				6177	ReduceNoise
				6178	Roll
				6179	Rotate
				6180	Saturation
				6181	Segment
				6182	Shade
				6183	Sharpen
				6184	Shear
				6185	Solarize
				6186	Spiff
				6187	Spread
				6188	Swirl
				6189	Threshold
				6190	Wave
				6191	</pre>
				6192
				6193	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				6194
				6195	<p>The default preview is <code>JPEG</code>.</p>
				6196
				6197	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6198	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="print"></a>-print <var>string</var></h3>
				6199	</div>
				6200
				6201	<p class="magick-description">interpret string and print to console.</p>
				6202
				6203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6204	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="process"></a>-process <var>command</var></h3>
				6205	</div>
				6206
				6207	<p class="magick-description">process the image with a custom image filter.</p>
				6208
				6209	<p>The command arguments has the form <code>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
				6210	argN"</code> where <code>module</code> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
				6211	"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to
				6212	pass to the process module.</p>
				6213
				6214	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6215	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="profile"></a>-profile <var>filename</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6216	+profile <var>profile_name</var></h3>
				6217	</div>
				6218
				6219	<p class="magick-description">Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</p>
				6220
				6221	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> <var>filename</var> adds an
				6222	ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile
				6223	to the image.</p>
				6224
				6225	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <var>profile_name</var></a> to
				6226	remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so
				6227	wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we
				6228	remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <code>+profile
				6229	"!xmp,*"</code>. </p>
				6230
				6231	<p>Use <code>identify -verbose</code> to find out which profiles are in the
				6232	image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and
				6233	comments).</p>
				6234
				6235	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option is not
				6236	used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <var>APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</var> or <var>IPTC</var>.</p>
				6237
				6238	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the
				6239	<var>APP1</var> profile), use.</p>
				6240
				6241	<pre>
				6242	convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif
				6243	</pre>
				6244
				6245	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6246	original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a
				6247	href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6248	therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the
				6249	command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is
				6250	CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				6251
				6252	<pre>
				6253	convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff
				6254	</pre>
				6255
				6256	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra
				6257	conversion steps can yield unwanted results. CMYK profiles are often very
				6258	asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				6259	</p>
				6260
				6261	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6262	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quality"></a>-quality <var>value</var></h3>
				6263	</div>
				6264
				6265	<p class="magick-description">JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</p>
				6266
				6267	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and
				6268	highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression).
				6269	The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can
				6270	be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the
				6271	chroma channels are not downsampled.
				6272	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the
				6273	factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				6274
				6275	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear
				6276	equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This
				6277	non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by
				6278	the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy
				6279	compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
				6280
				6281	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib
				6282	compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default
				6283	PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG
				6284	filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means
				6285	compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p>
				6286
				6287	<p>For compression level 0 (quality value less than 10), the Huffman-only
				6288	strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst
				6289	compression.</p>
				6290
				6291	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for
				6292	all scanlines:</p>
				6293
				6294	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				6295	<dt>0</dt><dd>none</dd>
				6296	<dt>1</dt><dd>sub</dd>
				6297	<dt>2</dt><dd>up</dd>
				6298	<dt>3</dt><dd>average</dd>
				6299	<dt>4</dt><dd>Paeth</dd>
				6300	</dl>
				6301
				6302	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater
				6303	than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is
				6304	used.</p>
				6305
				6306	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering
				6307	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> is used.</p>
				6308
				6309	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color
				6310	transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering
				6311	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> are used.</p>
				6312
				6313	<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6314	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6315	adaptive PNG filtering.</p>
				6316
				6317	<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6318	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6319	no PNG filtering.</p>
				6320
				6321	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG
				6322	and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6323
				6324	<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type
				6325	can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control,
				6326	you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and
				6327	PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead.
				6328	See <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence
				6329	over values from the -quality option.</p>
				6330
				6331	<p>For further information, see
				6332	the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				6333
				6334	<p>For the MIFF and TIFF image formats, quality/10 is the <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">Zip/BZip</a> compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6335
				6336	<p>For the BPG image format, quality/2 is the actual BPG compression level (range from 0 to 51).</p>
				6337
				6338	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6339	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <var>colorspace</var></h3>
				6340	</div>
				6341
				6342	<p class="magick-description">reduce colors using this colorspace.</p>
				6343
				6344	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6345	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				6346	href="command-line-options.html#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6347	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				6348	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
				6349
				6350
				6351	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6352	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h3>
				6353	</div>
				6354
				6355	<p class="magick-description">suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</p>
				6356
				6357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6358	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <var>angle</var></h3>
				6359	</div>
				6360
				6361	<p class="magick-description">Blur around the center of the image.</p>
				6362
				6363	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				6364	such actually mis-named. </p>
				6365
				6366	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				6367	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				6368	</p>
				6369
				6370
				6371	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6372	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="raise"></a>-raise <var>thickness</var></h3>
				6373	</div>
				6374
				6375	<p class="magick-description">Lighten or darken image edges.</p>
				6376
				6377	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> to create
				6378	a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">+raise</a>. </p>
				6379
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6380	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, <a
				6381	href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6382
				6383	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6384	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <var>low</var>x<var>high</var></h3>
				6385	</div>
				6386
				6387	<p class="magick-description">Apply a random threshold to the image.</p>
				6388
				6389	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6390	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				6391	</div>
				6392
				6393	<p class="magick-description">Set the red chromaticity primary point.</p>
				6394
				6395	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6396	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h3>
				6397	</div>
				6398
				6399	<p class="magick-description">Pay attention to warning messages.</p>
				6400
				6401	<p>This option causes some warnings in some image formats to be treated
				6402	as errors. </p>
				6403
				6404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6405	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remap"></a>-remap <var>filename</var></h3>
				6406	</div>
				6407
				6408	<p class="magick-description">Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</p>
				6409
				6410	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				6411	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				6412	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				6413
				6414	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				6415	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				6416	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				6417	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				6418	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				6419
				6420	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				6421	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				6422	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				6423	reducing those images using <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				6424	limit, then <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				6425	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				6426
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6427	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				6428	href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6429	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6430	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				6431	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6432	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				6433
				6434	<p>Note, the remap image colormap has at most 8-bits of precision. Deeper color maps are automagically coalesced with other colors to meet this requirement.</p>
				6435
				6436	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6437	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="region"></a>-region <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6438	</div>
				6439
				6440	<p class="magick-description">Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</p>
				6441
				6442	<p>The <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are treated
				6443	in the same manner as in <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				6444
				6445	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6446
				6447	<p>Use <code>+region</code> to remove any previously set regions.</p>
				6448
				6449
				6450	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6451	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h3>
				6452	</div>
				6453
				6454	<p class="magick-description">perform a remote operation.</p>
				6455
				6456	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				6457
				6458	<p>If you have more than one <a href="display.html">display</a> application
				6459	running simultaneously, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#window"> window</a> option to
				6460	specify which application to control.</p>
				6461
				6462	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6463	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="render"></a>-render</h3>
				6464	</div>
				6465
				6466	<p class="magick-description">render vector operations.</p>
				6467
				6468	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations.
				6469	This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				6470
				6471	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6472	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="repage"></a>-repage <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6473	</div>
				6474
				6475	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</p>
				6476
				6477	<p>This option is like <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				6478	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				6479	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				6480
				6481	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6482
				6483	<p>If a <code>!</code> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				6484	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				6485	animation sequences. </p>
				6486
				6487	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<code>0x0</code>' forces it to
				6488	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				6489	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				6490
				6491	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				6492	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				6493
				6494	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>page</code>' option can be used to
				6495	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				6496
				6497
				6498	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6499	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resample"></a>-resample <var>horizontal</var>x<var>vertical</var></h3>
				6500	</div>
				6501
				6502	<p class="magick-description">Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</p>
				6503
				6504	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original
				6505	at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at
				6506	3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to
				6507	72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that
				6508	only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of
				6509	storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6510	resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a
				6511	href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6512	resample resolution.</p>
				6513
				6514	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary
				6515	embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will
				6516	continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image
				6517	resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				6518
				6519	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6520	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resize"></a>-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6521	</div>
				6522
				6523	<p class="magick-description">Resize an image.</p>
				6524
				6525	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6526	ignored, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				6527
				6528	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> option
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6529	or <code>-define filter:option=value</code> precedes the <a
				6530	href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6531	filter.</p>
				6532
				6533	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light
				6534	coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma
				6535	correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				6536
				6537	<pre>
				6538	convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \
				6539	-quality 92 passport.jpg
				6540	</pre>
				6541
				6542	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6543	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h3>
				6544	</div>
				6545
				6546	<p class="magick-description">settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</p>
				6547
				6548	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6549	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h3>
				6550	</div>
				6551
				6552	<p class="magick-description">Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</p>
				6553
				6554
				6555	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6556	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				6557	</div>
				6558
				6559	<p class="magick-description">roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</p>
				6560
				6561	<p>A negative <var>x</var> offset rolls the image right-to-left.
				6562	A negative <var>y</var> offset rolls the image bottom-to-top.</p>
				6563
				6564
				6565	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6566	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <var>degrees</var>{<var><</var>}{<var>></var>}</h3>
				6567	</div>
				6568
				6569	<p class="magick-description">Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</p>
				6570
				6571	<p>Use <code>></code> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
				6572	height. <code><</code> rotates the image <var>only</var> if its width is less
				6573	than the height. For example, if you specify <code>-rotate "-90>"</code> and
				6574	the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is
				6575	640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <code>></code> or
				6576	<code><</code>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
				6577	misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				6578
				6579	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				6580	filled with the <code>background</code> color. </p>
				6581
				6582	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				6583	'<code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>' distort method. </p>
				6584
				6585
				6586	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6587	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sample"></a>-sample <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6588	</div>
				6589
				6590	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6591
				6592	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				6593	from the image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When
				6594	minifying, pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped
				6595	over). </p>
				6596
				6597	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6598	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>point</code> (nearest
				6599	neighbor), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				6600	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				6601	the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6602
				6603	<p>The key feature of the <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				6604	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				6605
				6606	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6607	ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
				6608
				6609
				6610	<p>The actual sampling point is the middle of the sub-region being sampled.
				6611	As such a single pixel sampling of an image will take the middle pixel, (or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6612	top-left-middle if image has even dimensions). However the <a
				6613	href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>sample:offset</code>' can be set to modify
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6614	this position some other location within each sub-region being sampled, as
				6615	a percentage offset.</p>
				6616
				6617	<p>By default this value is '<code>50</code>' for the midpoint, but could be set
				6618	to '<code>0</code>' for top-left, '<code>100</code>' for bottom-right, or with
				6619	separate X and Y offsets such as '<code>0x50</code>' for left-middle edge of
				6620	sampling sub-region.</p>
				6621
				6622
				6623	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6624	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <var>horizontal-factor</var>x<var>vertical-factor</var></h3>
				6625	</div>
				6626
				6627	<p class="magick-description">sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</p>
				6628
				6629	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder
				6630	for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use
				6631	its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6632	writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a
				6633	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a
				6634	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6635	downsampling method.</p>
				6636
				6637	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6638	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scale"></a>-scale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6639	</div>
				6640
				6641	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6642
				6643	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				6644	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
				6645
				6646	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6647	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>box</code>. Though it is a lot
				6648	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				6649	completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6650
				6651	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				6652	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to
				6653	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				6654	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				6655	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				6656	light conditions. </p>
				6657
				6658
				6659	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6660	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scene"></a>-scene <var>value</var></h3>
				6661	</div>
				6662
				6663	<p class="magick-description">set scene number.</p>
				6664
				6665	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				6666
				6667	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6668	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h3>
				6669	</div>
				6670
				6671	<p class="magick-description">specify the screen to capture.</p>
				6672
				6673	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image
				6674	should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified
				6675	window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the
				6676	specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups
				6677	that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				6678
				6679	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6680	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h3>
				6681	</div>
				6682
				6683	<p class="magick-description">seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</p>
				6684
				6685	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6686	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="segment"></a>-segment <var>cluster-threshold</var>x<var>smoothing-threshold</var></h3>
				6687	</div>
				6688
				6689	<p class="magick-description">segment the colors of an image.</p>
				6690
				6691	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and
				6692	identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This
				6693	is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				6694
				6695	<p>Specify <var>cluster threshold</var> as the number of pixels in
				6696	each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid.
				6697	<var>Smoothing threshold</var> eliminates noise in the second
				6698	derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect
				6699	a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				6700
				6701	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				6702	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				6703
				6704
				6705	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6706	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <var>radius</var><br />-selective-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6707	</div>
				6708
				6709	<p class="magick-description">Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</p>
				6710
				6711	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in
				6712	contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var> or as a percentage.</p>
				6713
				6714	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6715	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h3>
				6716	</div>
				6717
				6718	<p class="magick-description">separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>.</p>
				6719
				6720	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6721	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <var>threshold</var></h3>
				6722	</div>
				6723
				6724	<p class="magick-description">simulate a sepia-toned photo.</p>
				6725
				6726	<p>Specify <var>threshold</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				6727
				6728	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect
				6729	achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia
				6730	toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable
				6731	tone.</p>
				6732
				6733
				6734
				6735	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6736	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="set"></a>-set <var>key value</var></h3>
				6737	<h3 class="magick-header">+set <var>key</var></h3>
				6738	</div>
				6739
				6740	<p class="magick-description">sets image attributes and properties for images in the current image sequence.</p>
				6741
				6742	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				6743	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="command-line-options.html#set">+set</a> form of the
				6744	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				6745	appropriate. </p>
				6746
				6747	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6748	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				6749	href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				6750	href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6751	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <var>key</var> of
				6752	the same name. </p>
				6753
				6754	<p>If the given <var>key</var> does not match a specific known
				6755	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6756	'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose"
				6757	>-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) as "Properties".
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6758	</p>
				6759
				6760	<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6761	using the options <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
				6762	>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				6763	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6764	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
				6765
				6766	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6767	-> convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6768	identify -format %c rose.png
				6769	Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose
				6770	</pre>
				6771
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6772	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6773	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				6774
				6775	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6776	-> convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6777	-format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:
				6778	Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23
				6779	</pre>
				6780
				6781	<p>Other well known 'properties' that are available include:
				6782	'<code>date:create</code>' and '<code>date:modify</code>' and
				6783	'<code>signature</code>'. </p>
				6784
				6785	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				6786	the '<code>page</code>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				6787	see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				6788	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a>
				6789	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<code>page</code>'
				6790	attribute. </p>
				6791
				6792	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				6793	For example,</p>
				6794
				6795	<pre>
				6796	convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd
				6797	</pre>
				6798
				6799	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				6800	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<code>filename:</code>" can be used to
				6801	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				6802
				6803	<pre>
				6804	convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'
				6805	</pre>
				6806
				6807	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<code>option:</code>" the setting will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6808	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
				6809	href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6810	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
				6811	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				6812	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				6813
				6814	<pre>
				6815	convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \
				6816	label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif"
				6817	</pre>
				6818
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6819	<p>Note that <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6820	a 'artifact' if the given <var>key</var> does not match an existing
				6821	'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
				6822
				6823	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				6824	with <code>registry:</code>.</p>
				6825
				6826	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				6827	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				6828	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
				6829	programming interface:</p>
				6830
				6831	<pre>
				6832	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png
				6833	</pre>
				6834
				6835	<p>where <var>x</var> is a location flag and
				6836	<var>filename</var> is a file containing the chunk
				6837	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				6838	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
				6839	be included in the file.</p>
				6840
				6841	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
				6842	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				6843	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
				6844	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
				6845
				6846
				6847	<pre>
				6848	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 \
				6849	-profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png
				6850	</pre>
				6851
				6852	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6853	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shade"></a>-shade <var>azimuth</var>x<var>elevation</var></h3>
				6854	</div>
				6855
				6856	<p class="magick-description">shade the image using a distant light source.</p>
				6857
				6858	<p>Specify <var>azimuth</var> and <var>elevation</var> as
				6859	the position of the light source. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">+shade</a> to return
				6860	the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				6861
				6862	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6863	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <var>percent-opacity</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				6864	</div>
				6865
				6866	<p class="magick-description">simulate an image shadow.</p>
				6867
				6868	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6869	<h3 class="magick-header"><a
				6870	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6871	</div>
				6872
				6873	<p class="magick-description">use shared memory.</p>
				6874
				6875	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared
				6876	memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support,
				6877	and the display must support the <var>MIT-SHM</var> extension.
				6878	Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <code>True</code>.</p>
				6879
				6880	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6881	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <var>radius</var><br />-sharpen <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6882	</div>
				6883
				6884	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image.</p>
				6885
				6886	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				6887
				6888	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6889	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shave"></a>-shave <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6890	</div>
				6891
				6892	<p class="magick-description">Shave pixels from the image edges.</p>
				6893
				6894	<p>The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var>
				6895	argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of
				6896	the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom.
				6897	Offsets are ignored.</p>
				6898
				6899	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6900
				6901	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6902	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shear"></a>-shear <var>Xdegrees</var>[x<var>Ydegrees</var>]</h3>
				6903	</div>
				6904
				6905	<p class="magick-description">Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</p>
				6906
				6907	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <var>Ydegrees</var> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are
				6908	given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical
				6909	component.</p>
				6910
				6911	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e.,
				6912	horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount
				6913	of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears,
				6914	<var>Xdegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the
				6915	negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<var>Xdegrees</var><90° and to the left when 90°<<var>Xdegrees</var><180°. For vertical shears <var>Ydegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the
				6916	positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<var>Ydegrees</var><90° and up when 90°<<var>Ydegrees</var><180°.</p>
				6917
				6918	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color
				6919	defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified
				6920	using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				6921
				6922	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is
				6923	important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not
				6924	<var>commute</var>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For
				6925	example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				6926
				6927	<pre>
				6928	convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png
				6929	convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png
				6930	</pre>
				6931
				6932	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except
				6933	for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates
				6934	a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				6935
				6936	<pre>
				6937	convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png
				6938	</pre>
				6939
				6940	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6941	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <var>contrast</var>x<var>mid-point</var></h3>
				6942	</div>
				6943
				6944	<p class="magick-description">increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</p>
				6945
				6946	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function
				6947	without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var>
				6948	indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, 0 is none, 3 is
				6949	typical and 20 is a lot.
				6950	</p>
				6951
				6952	<p>The <var>mid-point</var> indicates where the maximum change
				6953	'slope' in contrast should fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is
				6954	middle-gray; 100% is black). </p>
				6955
				6956	<p>By default the image contrast is increased, use <var>+sigmoidal-contrast</var> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				6957
				6958	<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change (similar to
				6959	a gamma adjustment), you would use <var>-sigmoidal-contrast
				6960	{brightness}x0%</var> to increase brightness and <var>+sigmoidal-contrast {brightness}x0%</var> to decrease brightness.
				6961	Note the use of '0' fo rthe mid-point of the sigmoidal curve. </p>
				6962
				6963	<p>Using a very high <var>contrast</var> will produce a sort of
				6964	'smoothed thresholding' of the image. Not as sharp (with high aliasing
				6965	effects) of a true threshold, but with tapered gray-levels around the threshold
				6966	<var>mid-point</var>. </p>
				6967
				6968	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6969	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h3>
				6970	</div>
				6971
				6972	<p class="magick-description">operate silently.</p>
				6973
				6974	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6975	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="similarity-threshold"></a>-similarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				6976	</div>
				6977
				6978	<p class="magick-description">minimum RMSE for subimage match.</p>
				6979
				6980	<p>If this setting is used, then the search will stop as soon as it finds a match whose metric is less than or equal to the value. A partially filled second output image will result. Using a value of zero, will cause the search to stop at the first perfect match it finds. If this setting is left off, then the search will proceed to completion or as limited by <var>-dissimilarity-threshold</var>.</p>
				6981
				6982	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6983	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="size"></a>-size <var>width</var>[x<var>height</var>][<var>+offset</var>]</h3>
				6984	</div>
				6985
				6986	<p class="magick-description">set the width and height of the image.</p>
				6987
				6988	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose
				6989	dimensions are unknown such as <code>GRAY</code>, <code>RGB</code>, or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	6990	<code>CMYK</code>. In addition to width and height, use <a
				6991	href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6992	image or tell the number of colors in a <code>MAP</code> image file, (e.g. -size
				6993	640x512+256).</p>
				6994
				6995	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				6996
				6997	<pre>
				6998	192x128
				6999	384x256
				7000	768x512
				7001	1536x1024
				7002	3072x2048
				7003	</pre>
				7004
				7005	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7006	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <var>radius</var><br />-sketch <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7007	</div>
				7008
				7009	<p class="magick-description">simulate a pencil sketch.</p>
				7010
				7011	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				7012	angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the
				7013	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				7014
				7015	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7016	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="smush"></a>-smush <var>offset</var></h3>
				7017	</div>
				7018
				7019	<p class="magick-description">smush an image sequence together.</p>
				7020
				7021	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7022	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <var>value</var></h3>
				7023	</div>
				7024
				7025	<p class="magick-description">Set the number of screen snapshots.</p>
				7026
				7027	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				7028
				7029	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7030	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <var>threshold</var></h3>
				7031	</div>
				7032
				7033	<p class="magick-description">negate all pixels above the threshold level.</p>
				7034
				7035	<p>Specify <var>factor</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				7036
				7037	<p>This option produces a <var>solarization</var> effect seen when
				7038	exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				7039
				7040	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7041	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <var>method</var> '<var>x</var>,<var>y</var> <var>color</var> ...'</h3>
				7042	</div>
				7043
				7044	<p class="magick-description"> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </p>
				7045
				7046
				7047	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7048	<dt>barycentric</dt>
				7049	<dd>three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				7050	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				7051	The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those
				7052	3 points. </dd>
				7053	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				7054	<dd>Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				7055	fall back to barycentric. </dd>
				7056	<dt>voronoi</dt>
				7057	<dd>Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				7058	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </dd>
				7059	<dt>manhatten</dt>
				7060	<dd>Like voronoi, but resulting polygonal 'cells' are mapped to a fixed coordinate system.</dd>
				7061	<dt>shepards</dt>
				7062	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
				7063	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				7064	colors. </dd>
				7065	<dt>inverse</dt>
				7066	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
				7067	This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
				7068	'<code>shepards</code>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
				7069	average of colors. </dd>
				7070	</dl>
				7071
				7072	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7073	canvas (<a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >-repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7074	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				7075	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				7076	</p>
				7077
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7078	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> are
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7079	modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not
				7080	effected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after
				7081	the operation. </p>
				7082
				7083	<p>Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent
				7084	gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the
				7085	values. </p>
				7086
				7087	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				7088	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				7089	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor an image to some
				7090	default value. </p>
				7091
				7092
				7093	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7094	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="splice"></a>-splice <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7095	</div>
				7096
				7097	<p class="magick-description">Splice the current background color into the image.</p>
				7098
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7099	<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a
				7100	href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7101	given <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> will divide the
				7102	image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns.
				7103	</p>
				7104
				7105	<p>If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7106	dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a
				7107	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of
				7108	the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a
				7109	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7110
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7111	<p>If the exact same <var>geometry</var> and <a
				7112	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7113	added added all splices removed. </p>
				7114
				7115	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7116	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="spread"></a>-spread <var>amount</var></h3>
				7117	</div>
				7118
				7119	<p class="magick-description">displace image pixels by a random amount.</p>
				7120
				7121	<p>The argument <var>amount</var> defines the size of the
				7122	neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to
				7123	blend.</p>
				7124
				7125	<p>The lookup is controlled by the <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting.</p>
				7126
				7127	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7128	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7129	</div>
				7130
				7131	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</p>
				7132
				7133	<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
				7134	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7135	<dt>Gradient</dt><dd>maximum difference (max - min) value in neighborhood</dd>
				7136	<dt>Maximum</dt><dd>maximum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7137	<dt>Minimum</dt><dd>minimum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7138	<dt>Mean</dt><dd>average value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7139	<dt>Median</dt><dd>median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7140	<dt>Mode</dt><dd>mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7141	<dt>Nonpeak</dt><dd>value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7142	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>root mean square value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7143	<dt>StandardDeviation</dt><dd> standard deviation value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7144	</dl>
				7145
				7146	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7147	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <var>offset</var></h3>
				7148	</div>
				7149
				7150	<p class="magick-description">hide watermark within an image.</p>
				7151
				7152	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the
				7153	beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need
				7154	this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size
				7155	320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				7156
				7157	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7158	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <var>+x</var>{<var>+y</var>}</h3>
				7159	</div>
				7160
				7161	<p class="magick-description">composite two images to create a red / cyan stereo anaglyph.</p>
				7162
				7163	<p>The left side of the stereo pair (second image) is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side (first image) is saved as the green and blue channels. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				7164
				7165	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7166	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7167	</div>
				7168
				7169	<p class="magick-description">pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</p>
				7170
				7171	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7172	<dt>char</dt><dd>unsigned characters</dd>
				7173	<dt>double</dt><dd>doubles</dd>
				7174	<dt>float</dt><dd>floats</dd>
				7175	<dt>integer</dt><dd>integers</dd>
				7176	<dt>long</dt><dd>longs</dd>
				7177	<dt>quantum</dt><dd>pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution</dd>
				7178	<dt>short</dt><dd>unsigned shorts</dd>
				7179	</dl>
				7180
				7181	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				7182	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				7183
				7184	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7185	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <var>fontStretch</var></h3>
				7186	</div>
				7187
				7188	<p class="magick-description">Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</p>
				7189
				7190	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to
				7191	apply to the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStretch</var> from the following.</p>
				7192
				7193	<pre>
				7194	Any
				7195	Condensed
				7196	Expanded
				7197	ExtraCondensed
				7198	ExtraExpanded
				7199	Normal
				7200	SemiCondensed
				7201	SemiExpanded
				7202	UltraCondensed
				7203	UltraExpanded
				7204	</pre>
				7205
				7206	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				7207	stretch</a>.</p>
				7208
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7209	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7210	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7211	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7212
				7213	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7214	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h3>
				7215	</div>
				7216
				7217	<p class="magick-description">strip the image of any profiles or comments.</p>
				7218
				7219	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7220	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <var>color</var></h3>
				7221	</div>
				7222
				7223	<p class="magick-description">color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</p>
				7224
				7225	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7226
				7227	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7228
				7229	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7230	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <var>value</var></h3>
				7231	</div>
				7232
				7233	<p class="magick-description">set the stroke width.</p>
				7234
				7235	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7236
				7237	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7238	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="style"></a>-style <var>fontStyle</var></h3>
				7239	</div>
				7240
				7241	<p class="magick-description">Set a font style for text.</p>
				7242
				7243	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7244	the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStyle</var> from
				7245	the following.</p>
				7246
				7247	<pre>
				7248	Any
				7249	Italic
				7250	Normal
				7251	Oblique
				7252	</pre>
				7253
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7254	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7255	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7256	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7257
				7258	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7259	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h3>
				7260	</div>
				7261
				7262	<p class="magick-description">search for subimage.</p>
				7263
				7264	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				7265	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
				7266	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
				7267	be the "match score" image.</p>
				7268
				7269	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
				7270	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				7271	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				7272	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				7273	reported. Note that this may or may not be a perfect match, and the actual
				7274	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
				7275	possible matching locations. </p>
				7276
				7277	<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible
				7278	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
				7279	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
				7280
				7281
				7282	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7283	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swap"></a>-swap <var>index,index</var></h3>
				7284	</div>
				7285
				7286	<p class="magick-description">Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</p>
				7287
				7288	<p>For example, <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				7289	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				7290	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				7291
				7292	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7293	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <var>degrees</var></h3>
				7294	</div>
				7295
				7296	<p class="magick-description">swirl image pixels about the center.</p>
				7297
				7298	<p><var>Degrees</var> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				7299
				7300	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7301	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h3>
				7302	</div>
				7303
				7304	<p class="magick-description">synchronize image to storage device.</p>
				7305
				7306	<p>Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized
				7307	to disk. There is a performance penalty, but the benefits include ensuring a
				7308	valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there
				7309	is not enough disk space for the image pixel cache.</p>
				7310
				7311	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7312	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h3>
				7313	</div>
				7314
				7315	<p class="magick-description">Mark the image as modified.</p>
				7316
				7317	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7318	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <var>name</var></h3>
				7319	</div>
				7320
				7321	<p class="magick-description">font for writing fixed-width text.</p>
				7322
				7323	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style)
				7324	formatted text. The default is 14 point <var>Courier</var>.</p>
				7325
				7326	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or
				7327	OPTION1 font. For example, <code>Courier.ttf</code> is a TrueType font and
				7328	<code>x:fixed</code> is OPTION1.</p>
				7329
				7330	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7331	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="texture"></a>-texture <var>filename</var></h3>
				7332	</div>
				7333
				7334	<p class="magick-description">name of texture to tile onto the image background.</p>
				7335
				7336	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7337	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7338	</div>
				7339
				7340	<!-- {<var>green,blue,opacity</var>}
				7341	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as
				7342	the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is
				7343	a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used
				7344	and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				7345	-->
				7346
				7347	<p class="magick-description">Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</p>
				7348
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7349	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7350	maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				7351
				7352	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7353	value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer,
				7354	the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels
				7355	are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the
				7356	<code>quantum depth</code> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
				7357	therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable
				7358	recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as
				7359	a percentage. </p>
				7360
				7361	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100%
				7362	red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red
				7363	channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged.
				7364	</p>
				7365
				7366	<pre>
				7367	convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png
				7368	</pre>
				7369
				7370	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would
				7371	generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the
				7372	input image.</p>
				7373
				7374
				7375	<pre>
				7376	convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png
				7377	convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png
				7378	</pre>
				7379
				7380	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				7381	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				7382
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7383	<p> See also <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7384	</p>
				7385
				7386	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7387	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7388	</div>
				7389
				7390	<p class="magick-description">Create a thumbnail of the image.</p>
				7391
				7392	<p>This is similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized
				7393	for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7394	reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a
				7395	href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7396
				7397	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7398
				7399	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7400	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile"></a>-tile <var>filename</var></h3>
				7401	</div>
				7402
				7403	<p class="magick-description">Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</p>
				7404
				7405	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7406	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7407	</div>
				7408
				7409	<p class="magick-description">Specify the layout of images.</p>
				7410
				7411	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7412
				7413	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7414	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile</h3>
				7415	</div>
				7416
				7417	<p class="magick-description">Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</p>
				7418
				7419	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7420	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				7421	</div>
				7422
				7423	<p class="magick-description">Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</p>
				7424
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7425	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile"
				7426	>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7427	creating a tiled canvas using <code>TILE:</code> or <code>PATTERN:</code> input
				7428	formats. </p>
				7429
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7430	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7431	by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				7432
				7433	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7434	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tint"></a>-tint <var>value</var></h3>
				7435	</div>
				7436
				7437	<p class="magick-description">Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7438
				7439	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7440
				7441	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black,
				7442	white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such
				7443	as the various shades of grey.</p>
				7444
				7445	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7446	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="title"></a>-title <var>string</var></h3>
				7447	</div>
				7448
				7449	<p class="magick-description">Assign a title to displayed image.", "animate", "display", "montage</p>
				7450
				7451	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to
				7452	the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.
				7453	Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data,
				7454	or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described
				7455	under the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				7456
				7457	<p>For example,</p>
				7458
				7459	<pre>
				7460	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				7461	</pre>
				7462
				7463	<p>produces an image title of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> for an image
				7464	titled <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				7465
				7466
				7467	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7468	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h3>
				7469	</div>
				7470
				7471	<p class="magick-description">transform the image.</p>
				7472
				7473	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				7474
				7475	<pre>
				7476	convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg
				7477	</pre>
				7478
				7479
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7480	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				7481	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<code>AffineProjection</code>' method. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7482
				7483
				7484	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7485	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <var>color</var></h3>
				7486	</div>
				7487
				7488	<p class="magick-description">Make this color transparent within the image.</p>
				7489
				7490	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7491	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				7492	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7493	given. </p>
				7494
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7495	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7496	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				7497
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7498	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
				7499	href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7500	current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7501	However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				7502	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
				7503	>-alpha</a> set</code>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				7504	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7505
				7506	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7507	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				7508	href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7509
				7510
				7511	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7512	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <var>color</var></h3>
				7513	</div>
				7514
				7515	<p class="magick-description">Set the transparent color.</p>
				7516
				7517	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				7518	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				7519	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7520	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				7521	href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7522
				7523	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				7524	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				7525	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				7526	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				7527	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				7528	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				7529	type. </p>
				7530
				7531	<p>The default transparent color is <code>#00000000</code>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				7532
				7533	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7534	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h3>
				7535	</div>
				7536
				7537	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</p>
				7538
				7539	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <code>-flip -rotate 90</code>.
				7540	</p>
				7541
				7542	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7543	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h3>
				7544	</div>
				7545
				7546	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <code>-flop -rotate 90</code>.</p>
				7547
				7548
				7549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <var>value</var></h3>
				7551	</div>
				7552
				7553	<p class="magick-description">tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7554
				7555	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes
				7556	the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7557
				7558	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
				7559	image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.
				7560	However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the
				7561	best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7562	the <a href="quantize.html"
				7563	>color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7564
				7565	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>
				7566	option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is
				7567	required for this option to take effect.</p>
				7568
				7569	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7570	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h3>
				7571	</div>
				7572
				7573	<p class="magick-description">trim an image.</p>
				7574
				7575	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner
				7576	pixels. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> remove
				7577	edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				7578
				7579	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				7580	you to extract the result of the <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				7581	image. Use a <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				7582	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				7583
				7584	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				7585	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				7586	<a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				7587
				7588
				7589	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7590	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="type"></a>-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7591	</div>
				7592
				7593	<p class="magick-description">the image type.</p> <p>Choose from: <code>Bilevel</code>,
				7594	<code>Grayscale</code>, <code>GrayscaleMatte</code>, <code>Palette</code>,
				7595	<code>PaletteMatte</code>, <code>TrueColor</code>, <code>TrueColorMatte</code>,
				7596	<code>ColorSeparation</code>, or <code>ColorSeparationMatte</code>.</p>
				7597
				7598	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7599	truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a
				7600	href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7601	example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though
				7602	only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				7603
				7604	<pre>
				7605	convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg
				7606	</pre>
				7607
				7608	<p>Similarly, use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the
				7609	encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the
				7610	output format supports transparency.</p>
				7611
				7612	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				7613
				7614	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7615	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				7616	</div>
				7617
				7618	<p class="magick-description">set the color of the annotation bounding box.</p>
				7619
				7620	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7621
				7622	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7623
				7624
				7625	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7626	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="update"></a>-update <var>seconds</var></h3>
				7627	</div>
				7628
				7629	<p class="magick-description">detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</p>
				7630
				7631	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently
				7632	displayed is over-written. <code>display</code> will automagically detect that
				7633	the input file has been changed and update the displayed image
				7634	accordingly.</p>
				7635
				7636
				7637	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7638	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h3>
				7639	</div>
				7640
				7641	<p class="magick-description">discard all but one of any pixel color.</p>
				7642
				7643
				7644	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7645	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="units"></a>-units <var>type</var></h3>
				7646	</div>
				7647
				7648	<p class="magick-description">the units of image resolution.</p>
				7649
				7650	<p>Choose from: <code>Undefined</code>, <code>PixelsPerInch</code>, or
				7651	<code>PixelsPerCentimeter</code>. This option is normally used in conjunction
				7652	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				7653
				7654
				7655	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7656	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <var>radius</var><br />-unsharp <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+gain</var>}{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7657	</div>
				7658
				7659	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</p>
				7660
				7661	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is
				7662	convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				7663	(sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use
				7664	a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				7665
				7666	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				7667
				7668	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7669	<dt>radius</dt>
				7670	<dd>The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center pixel (default 0).</dd>
				7671	<dt>sigma</dt>
				7672	<dd>The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).</dd>
				7673	<dt>gain</dt>
				7674	<dd>The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).</dd>
				7675	<dt>threshold</dt>
				7676	<dd>The threshold, as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var>, needed to apply the difference amount (default 0.05).</dd>
				7677	</dl>
				7678
				7679	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7680	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h3>
				7681	</div>
				7682
				7683	<p class="magick-description">print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or <code>info:</code>.</p>
				7684
				7685
				7686	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7687	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="version"></a>-version</h3>
				7688	</div>
				7689
				7690	<p class="magick-description">print ImageMagick version string and exit.</p>
				7691
				7692
				7693	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7694	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="view"></a>-view <var>string</var></h3>
				7695	</div>
				7696
				7697	<p class="magick-description">FlashPix viewing parameters.</p>
				7698
				7699
				7700	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7701	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7702	</div>
				7703
				7704	<p class="magick-description">soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</p>
				7705
				7706	<p>The vignette effect rolloff is controlled by radiusxsigma. For nominal rolloff, this would be set to 0xsigma. A value of 0x0 will produce a circle/ellipse with no rolloff. The arguments x and y control the size of the circle. Larger values decrease the radii and smaller values increase the radii. Values of +0+0 will generate a circle/ellipse the same size as the image. The default values for x and y are 10% of the corresponding image dimension. Thus, the radii will be decreased by 10%, i.e., the diameters of the circle/ellipse will be 80% of the corresponding image dimension.</p>
				7707
				7708	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7709	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></h3>
				7710	</div>
				7711
				7712	<p class="magick-description">Specify contents of <var>virtual pixels</var>.</p>
				7713
				7714	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				7715	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				7716	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				7717	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				7718
				7719	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				7720
				7721	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7722	<dt>background</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is the background color</dd>
				7723	<dt>black</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is black</dd>
				7724	<dt>checker-tile</dt><dd>alternate squares with image and background color</dd>
				7725	<dt>dither</dt><dd>non-random 32x32 dithered pattern</dd>
				7726	<dt>edge</dt><dd>extend the edge pixel toward infinity</dd>
				7727	<dt>gray</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is gray</dd>
				7728	<dt>horizontal-tile</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image, background color above/below</dd>
				7729	<dt>horizontal-tile-edge</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7730	<dt>mirror</dt><dd>mirror tile the image</dd>
				7731	<dt>random</dt><dd>choose a random pixel from the image</dd>
				7732	<dt>tile</dt><dd>tile the image (default)</dd>
				7733	<dt>transparent</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness</dd>
				7734	<dt>vertical-tile</dt><dd>vertically tile the image, sides are background color</dd>
				7735	<dt>vertical-tile-edge</dt><dd>vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7736	<dt>white</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is white</dd>
				7737	</dl>
				7738
				7739	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				7740
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7741	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				7742	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7743	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7744	image proper, such as <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				7745	href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7746
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7747	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a
				7748	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7749
				7750
				7751	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7752	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="visual"></a>-visual <var>type</var></h3>
				7753	</div>
				7754
				7755	<p class="magick-description">Animate images using this X visual type.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7756
				7757	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				7758
				7759	<pre>
				7760	StaticGray TrueColor
				7761	GrayScale DirectColor
				7762	StaticColor default
				7763	PseudoColor visual id
				7764	</pre>
				7765
				7766	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs.
				7767	If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most
				7768	simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				7769
				7770
				7771	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7772	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <var>brightness</var>x<var>saturation</var></h3>
				7773	</div>
				7774
				7775	<p class="magick-description">Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and saturation.</p>
				7776
				7777	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				7778	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the
				7779	<var>brightness</var> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				7780	attribute is just direct modified by the <var>saturation</var>
				7781	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				7782
				7783
				7784	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7785	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="wave"></a>-wave <var>amplitude</var><br />-wave <var>amplitude</var>x<var>wavelength</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7786	</div>
				7787
				7788	<p class="magick-description">Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</p>
				7789
				7790	<p>Specify <var>amplitude</var> and <var>wavelength</var>
				7791	of the wave.</p>
				7792
				7793	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7794	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="weight"></a>-weight <var>fontWeight</var></h3>
				7795	</div>
				7796
				7797	<p class="magick-description">Set a font weight for text.</p>
				7798
				7799	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7800	the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for
				7801	<var>fontWeight</var> or select from the following.</p>
				7802
				7803	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7804	<dt>Thin </dt>
				7805	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 100.</dd>
				7806	<dt>ExtraLight </dt>
				7807	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 200.</dd>
				7808	<dt>Light </dt>
				7809	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 300.</dd>
				7810	<dt>Normal </dt>
				7811	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 400.</dd>
				7812	<dt>Medium </dt>
				7813	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 500.</dd>
				7814	<dt>DemiBold </dt>
				7815	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 600.</dd>
				7816	<dt>Bold </dt>
				7817	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 700.</dd>
				7818	<dt>ExtraBold </dt>
				7819	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 800.</dd>
				7820	<dt>Heavy </dt>
				7821	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 900.</dd>
				7822	</dl>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7823	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7824
				7825	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				7826
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7827	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7828	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7829	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7830
				7831	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7832	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <var>x,y</var></h3>
				7833	</div>
				7834
				7835	<p class="magick-description">chromaticity white point.</p>
				7836
				7837	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7838	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7839	</div>
				7840
				7841	<p class="magick-description">Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</p>
				7842
				7843	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7844	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7845	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7846
				7847	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7848	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window"></a>-window <var>id</var></h3>
				7849	</div>
				7850
				7851	<p class="magick-description">Make the image the background of a window.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7852
				7853	<p><var>id</var> can be a window id or name. Specify <code>root</code>
				7854	to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				7855
				7856	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If
				7857	<code>backdrop</code> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
				7858	image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <code>X RESOURCES</code>
				7859	for details.</p>
				7860
				7861	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame^]	7862	colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a
				7863	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7864
				7865	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7866	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h3>
				7867	</div>
				7868
				7869	<p class="magick-description">specify the window group.</p>
				7870
				7871	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7872	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="write"></a>-write <var>filename</var></h3>
				7873	</div>
				7874
				7875	<p class="magick-description">write an image sequence.</p>
				7876
				7877	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> <var>filename</var> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">+write</a> <var>filename</var> option.</p>
				7878
				7879	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				7880	</div>
				7881	</div>
				7882
				7883
				7884	<footer class="magick-footer">
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7885	<p><a href="support.html">Donate</a> •
				7886	<a href="sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> •
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7887	<a href="links.html">Related</a> •
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7888	<a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7889	</p>
				7890	<p><a href="command-line-options.html#">Back to top</a> •
cristy	ea2793e	2015-05-31 16:52:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7891	<a href="http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> •
cristy	5b8fe76	2015-06-09 16:24:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7892	<a href="http://nextgen.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a></p>
Cristy	b57c235	2015-08-25 20:01:06 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7893	<p><small>© 1999-2015 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small></p>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7894	</footer>
				7895	</div><!-- /.container -->
				7896
Cristy	542697a	2015-10-12 20:10:32 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7897	<script src="https://localhost/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7898	<script src="http://nextgen.imagemagick.org/js/magick.html"></script>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7899	</div>
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7900	</body>
cristy	5a367e4	2015-05-05 12:39:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7901	</html>